Journal articles: 'Duobinary system'

1

BADR, M. "OPTICAL FIBRE DUOBINARY SYSTEM DESION." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 1, CONFERENCE (1985): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.1985.26593.

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2

Gutiérrez-Castrejón, Ramón, Md Ghulam Saber, Md Samiul Alam, et al. "Systematic Performance Comparison of (Duobinary)-PAM-2,4 Signaling under Light and Strong Opto-Electronic Bandwidth Conditions." Photonics 8, no. 3 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030081.

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We present a systematic comparison of PAM-2 (NRZ), Duobinary-PAM-2, PAM-4, and Duobinary-PAM-4 (duo-quaternary) signaling in the context of short-reach photonic communications systems using a Mach–Zehnder modulator as transmitter. The effect on system performance with a relaxed and constrained system’s opto-electronic bandwidth is analyzed for bit rates ranging from 20 to 116 Gb/s. In contrast to previous analyses, our approach employs the same experimental and simulation conditions for all modulation formats. Consequently, we were able to confidently determine the performance limits of each format for particular values of bit rate, system bandwidth, transmitter chirp, and fiber dispersion. We demonstrate that Duobinary-PAM-4 is a good signaling choice only for bandwidth-limited systems operating at relatively high speed. Otherwise, PAM-4 represents a more sensible choice. Moreover, our analysis put forward the existence of transition points: specific bit rate values where the BER versus bit rate curves for two different formats cross each other. They indicate the bit rate values where, for specific system conditions, switching from one modulation to another guarantees optimum performance. Their existence naturally led to the proposal of a format-selective transceiver, a component that, according to network conditions, operates with the most adequate modulation format. Since all analyzed modulations share similar implementation details, signaling switching is achieved by simply changing the sampling point and threshold count at the receiver, bringing flexibility to IM/DD-based optical networks.

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Kaur, Rupinder, and Sanjeev Dewra. "Duobinary Modulation Format for Optical System- A Review." International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 03, no. 08 (2014): 11039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15662/ijareeie.2014.0308012.

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Kurbatska, I., V. Bobrovs, S. Spolitis, P. Gavars, G. Ivanovs, and R. Parts. "Investigation on Maximum Available Reach for Different Modulation Formats in WDM-PON Systems." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 53, no. 4 (2016): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2016-0030.

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Abstract Considering the growing demand for broadband of access networks, in the present paper we investigate various modulation formats as a way of increasing the performance of optical transmission systems. Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying, return-to-zero (RZ) OOK, carrier suppressed RZ (CSRZ) OOK, duobinary (DB), NRZ differential phase shift keying (NRZDPSK), RZ-DPSK and CSRZ-DPSK formats are compared using the maximal achievable reach with bit error rate less than 10−9 as a criterion. Simulations are performed by using OptSim software tool. It is shown that using the transmission system without dispersion compensation the best results are shown by duobinary and CSRZ-OOK modulation formats, but with the system using dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) the longest transmission distance is achieved by RZ-DPSK modulation format. By investigating the influence of channel spacing for best-performed modulation formats, network reach decrease for transmission systems with DCF fiber has been observed due to channel crosstalk.

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Hyder, Tawsif. "Comparison between Duobinary Filter and Delay-And-Add Technique of Duobinary Transmission in Fiber Optic Communication System." IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 9, no. 3 (2014): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2834-09327181.

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Zhang, Junwen, Bo Huang, and Xinying Li. "Improved Quadrature Duobinary System Performance Using Multi-Modulus Equalization." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 25, no. 16 (2013): 1630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2013.2273034.

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7

Yonenaga, K., S. Norimatsu, N. Shibata, and S. Kuwano. "Optical duobinary transmission system with no receiver sensitivity degradation." Electronics Letters 31, no. 4 (1995): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19950178.

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8

Ali, Mustafa H., Hazim M. Ali, and Tariq A. Hassan. "Numerical comparison between DPSK 33, DPSK 66 and duo binary in WOC system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp247-257.

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OWC systems have turned into a state-of-the-art technology because of their superior performance uniqueness and its innumerable characteristic as compared to its RF. One of the OWC application is inter-satellite wireless optical communication (Is-WOC), this framework can be improved by using different ways such as advanced modulation formats and aperture diameter. We demonstrate an analysis based on the aperture diameter effect in transmission of single channel with 40 Gb/s Is-WOC system using three different modulation methods, differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) with a duty ratio to 66% and 33% and duobinary. Choosing these three modulations from various modulation format is done depending on the advantage they provide where the DPSK gives to fiber nonlinearity a powerful robustness and less susceptible to SPM and XPM and for system requirements of dispersion compensation in duobinary, it provides higher chromatic dispersion tolerance mitigate. The result shows the effect of different transmitter aperture diameter (from 2 to 20 cm) for a constant distance 200 km accomplished by quality factor and minimum BER. We conclude there is a great loss in the small aperture diameter, even in the presence of best modulation format, therefore as the aperture diameter increase the Q-factor increase, but some increased rise is linear and the other is changing from linear to non-linear in a fixed Q-factor point equal to 5.63.

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9

Matsuura, A., K. Yonenaga, Y. Miyamoto, and H. Toba. "High-speed transmission system based on optical modified duobinary signals." Electronics Letters 35, no. 9 (1999): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990480.

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10

Lyubomirsky, I., and Cheng-Chung Chien. "Experimental demonstration of an optimized optical RZ-duobinary transmission system." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 17, no. 12 (2005): 2757–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2005.859394.

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11

Kaur, Amanpreet, Kamaljit Singh Bhatia, Sandeep Singh, Harsimrat Kaur, and Anurag Sharma. "Comparison between duobinary and IMDD technique for CATV transmission system." Optik 125, no. 16 (2014): 4238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.04.016.

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12

M. A. Eid, Mahmoud, Ashraf S. Seliem, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed, Mohamed Yassin Ali, and Shaimaa S. Abaza. "Duobinary modulation/predistortion techniques effects on high bit rate radio over fiber systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (2021): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp978-986.

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<span>The work has presented duobinary modulation and predistortion techniques for the radio over fiber system enhancement for achieving security level. Duobinary modulation technique has more compact modulated spectral linewidth with standard non return to zero modulation code. Different NRZ/RZ rectangle shape employed that are namely exponential rectangle shape (ERS), and Gaussian rectangle shape (GRS) for different transmission bit rates. Switching bias voltage, and switching RF voltage based LiNbO<sub>3</sub> modulator are changed to measure the performance parameters of the radio over fiber (RoF) system. Predistortion technique improves the linearity of transmitter amplifiers and it is considered as a power efficiency technique. The optimum values of the Q-factor, data error rate (BER), electrical power, signal gain, noise figure, and light signal/noise ratio are achieved with 8 Volt for both switching biases/switching RF signal at 100 GHz. Signal quality/BER and electrical power after the receiver enhancement ratio by using this technique at different RF signal frequencies. </span>

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13

Yonenaga, K., and S. Kuwano. "Dispersion-tolerant optical transmission system using duobinary transmitter and binary receiver." Journal of Lightwave Technology 15, no. 8 (1997): 1530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.618386.

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14

Gnauck, A. H., S. Chandrasekhar, and P. J. Winzer. "Dispersion-tolerant 10-gb/s duobinary system employing heterodyne detection and MLSE." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 18, no. 5 (2006): 697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2006.870073.

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15

Kim, Hoon, Hanlim Lee, Sung Kee Kim, Gyuwoong Lee, Seongtaek Hwang, and Yunje Oh. "Optical pseudo-duobinary transmission system using a polarization modulator and a polarizer." Optics Communications 256, no. 4-6 (2005): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2005.07.009.

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16

Hoon Kim, C. X. Yu, and D. T. Neilson. "Demonstration of optical duobinary transmission system using phase modulator and optical filter." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 14, no. 7 (2002): 1010–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2002.1012415.

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17

Hoon Kim and C. X. Yu. "Optical duobinary transmission system featuring improved receiver sensitivity and reduced optical bandwidth." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 14, no. 8 (2002): 1205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2002.1022019.

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18

Wang, Haoyi, Pablo Torres-Ferrera, Valter Ferrero, and Roberto Gaudino. "Experimental Study on 25 Gbps C-Band PON over up to 25 km SMF Using a 10G-Class DML + APD IM-DD System." Photonics 8, no. 8 (2021): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8080328.

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In this paper we present an experimental analysis of several modulation formats (pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-2), quaternary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) and electrical duobinary (EDB)) for passive optical network (PON) applications at 25 Gbps bit rate in a C-band 10G-class directly modulated lasers (DML) and avalanche photodiode (APD) intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) system over a single mode fiber (SMF) of up to 25 km, optimizing DML operations and demonstrating that PAM-2 is a promising choice. We also theoretically and experimentally analyzed the channel frequency response of DML and SMF affected by DML chirp and SMF chromatic dispersion.

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19

Bobrovs, V., and G. Ivanovs. "Comparison of Different Modulation Formats and their Compatibility with WDM Transmission System." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 45, no. 2 (2008): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-008-0005-7.

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Comparison of Different Modulation Formats and their Compatibility with WDM Transmission SystemIn the work, the intensity and phase modulation methods are compared for different versions of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system. Binary and multilevel code formats are evaluated numerically, with OptSim simulation software at the bit rate of 10 and 40 Gbit/s, using long-fiber spans and dispersion compensation technique. The problems to be overcome at exploitation of multiterabit WDM systems based on 40 Gbit/s optical transmissions are: chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), dispersion slope, and nonlinear effects of the transmission line. We have investigated the potentialities of modulation formats for 40 Gbit/s WDM networks where most of the listed problems are avoided. It is shown that Duobinary and differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation formats are perfectly suitable for ultra-high spectral efficient WDM systems and possess high resistance to dispersion and nonlinear optical effects (NOE).

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20

Bansal, Urvashi, Kamaldeep Kaur, and Sushank Chaudhary. "Role of Laser Linewidth in High Speed DWDM System by Incorporating Duobinary Modulation Scheme." International Journal of Computer Applications 109, no. 15 (2015): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/19267-1042.

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21

Chang, Chun, and Benxiong Huang. "Comparison of soft-input-soft-output detection methods for dual-polarized quadrature duobinary system." Optical Engineering 57, no. 02 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.2.026101.

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22

Tahhan, Shaymaa Riyadh, Mudhafar Hussein Ali, and Abdulla Khudhiar Abass. "Characteristics of Dispersion Compensation for 32 Channels at 40 Gb/s Under Different Techniques." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 1 (2019): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0121.

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Abstract In this study, a simulation analysis of 40-Gb/s long-haul (120 km) dense wavelength-division multiplexer system (DWDM) of 32 channels with 50 GHz spacing is conducted for duobinary return-to-zero modulation formats. Pre- and post-dispersion compensation schemes utilizing dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are analyzed to compare these schemes at high bit rate. Quality factor (Q) and bit error rate (BER) values are used to measure the response of the system as a function of input power for both compensation schemes. The pre-FBG scheme shows a better performance in terms of Q-factor that reached 11.5 at 0 dBm input signal power.

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23

Tawade, Laxman, and Balasaheb Deokate. "The Reduction of FWM effects using Duobinary Modulation in a Two-Channel D-WDM System." International Journal of Distributed and Parallel systems 2, no. 6 (2011): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijdps.2011.2625.

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24

Shao Yufeng, 邵宇丰, 文双春 Wen Shuangchun, 陈林 Chen Lin, and 余建军 Yu Jianjun. "Additional Applications of Modified Duobinary Return-to-Zero Signal in the Label Switching Optical System." Chinese Journal of Lasers 35, no. 8 (2008): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20083508.1201.

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25

Li, Jingchi, Shaohua An, Qingming Zhu, Xingfeng Li, and Yikai Su. "VSB Modified Duobinary PAM4 Signal Transmission in an IM/DD System With Mitigated Image Interference." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 32, no. 7 (2020): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2020.2975839.

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26

Zhang, Zhongxi, Liang Chen, Xiaoyi Bao, and Ahmad Atieh. "Partial bit delay correlative modulation used to improve the dispersion tolerance of an optical duobinary system." Optics Express 16, no. 15 (2008): 11344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.011344.

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27

Tawade, Laxman, Shantanu Jagdale, Premanand Kadbe, and Shankar Deosarkar. "Investigation Of Fwm Effect On Ber In Wdm Optical Communication System With Binary And Duobinary Modulation Format." International Journal of Distributed and Parallel systems 1, no. 2 (2010): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijdps.2010.1209.

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28

Chitra, S., and N. Kumaratharan. "Intercarrier Interference Reduction in MC-CDMA System through Second Order Duobinary Coded Phase Rotated Conjugate Cancellation Scheme." PLOS ONE 10, no. 3 (2015): e0116326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116326.

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29

Yonenaga, K., A. Hirano, M. Yoneyama, Y. Miyamoto, K. Hagimoto, and K. Noguchi. "Expansion of tolerable dispersion range in a 40 Gbit/s optical transmission system using an optical duobinary signal." Electronics Letters 34, no. 4 (1998): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19980289.

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30

Shaban, Ali, Murad Obaid Abed, Ehab Abdul Razzaq Hussein, and H. J. Abd. "A mitigation of channel crosstalk effect in dispersion shifted fiber based on durability of modulation technique." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp891-899.

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In fiber optics the Four Wave Mixing (FWM) has the harmful effect of an optical transmission system that can severely limit Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and reduce the transmission aptness. This work preset the durability of the different modulation format was tested to FWM by using Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF). Moreover, the performance of the proposed system is surveyed by changing the fiber length and applying an information rate of 200 Gb/s. The experimental results show that the FWM capacity has decreased significantly by more than 14 dB when applying Return to Zero (RZ) modulation form. In addition, in terms of the propsed system performance in the first channel and with 700 km distance, it was observed that the lower Bit Error Rate (BER) in the normal RZ modulation is equal to 1.3×10-13. As well as it is noticeable when applied the Non Return to Zero (NRZ), the Modified Duobinary Return to Zero (MDRZ) and Gaussian modulation, the system performance will be quickly changed and getting worse, where the BERs increased to 1.3×10-4, 1.3×10-6 and 1.3×10-2 consecutively at same channel and for the same parameters.

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31

Singh, Harjit, and Anu Sheetal. "Impact of PMD induced penalties on 40 Gb/s duobinary optical communication system for fixed and variable scattering section dispersion." Optik 123, no. 17 (2012): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2011.09.020.

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32

TAO, RUI, and MANFRED BERROTH. "INTEGRATED WIDE-BAND CMOS DUOBINARY TRANSMITTER FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 15, no. 03 (2005): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156405003302.

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Inter symbol interference (ISI) caused by dispersion in optical fibers is the major limiting factor on the achievable data rate or transmission distance in high-speed fiber-optic interconnects1. Compared with optical-domain and other electrical-domain dispersion compensation methods, duobinary coding technology is used due to its higher spectral efficiency. In this paper, a monolithically integrated duobinary optical transmitter has be designed and fabricated in standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology. This transmitter consists of a duobinary encoder and a VCSEL driver. The master-slave D flip-flop structure is used to generate the wideband one bit delay which is important for the realization of duobinary signal. An open drain structure is used in VCSEL driver design to provide the higher current output in low supply voltage condition. This duobinary transmitter can operate up to 5 Gb/s with 20 mA current output. The current consumption is only 50 mA under 1.8 V supply voltage.

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33

Lyubomirsky, I. "Coherent detection for optical duobinary communication systems." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 18, no. 7 (2006): 868–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2006.872334.

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34

Šalík, Pavol, Filip Čertík, and Rastislav Róka. "Duobinary Modulation Format in Optical Communication Systems." Advances in Signal Processing 3, no. 1 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/asp.2015.010101.

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35

Lyubomirsky, I., and Cheng-Chung Chien. "Ideal duobinary generating filter for optically amplified systems." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 18, no. 4 (2006): 598–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2006.870153.

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36

Wang, Yi-Hsiang, and Ilya Lyubomirsky. "Balanced Detection Schemes for Optical Duobinary Communication Systems." Journal of Lightwave Technology 29, no. 12 (2011): 1739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2011.2129490.

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37

Katsaros, G., P. M. Lane, and I. Darwazeh. "Non-linear transmission effects in duobinary and dicode optical systems." IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics 152, no. 6 (2005): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:20045067.

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38

Zhang, S., D. Chang, O. A. Dobre, O. Omomukuyo, X. Lin, and R. Venkatesan. "Training Symbol-Based Equalization for Quadrature Duobinary PDM-FTN Systems." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 29, no. 5 (2017): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2017.2655942.

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39

Wang, Hui, Jianqiang Li, Deming Kong, et al. "Multicarrier Group Detection in Receiver-Side Duobinary-Shaped WDM Superchannel Systems." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 24, no. 14 (2012): 1206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2012.2200473.

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40

SELVENDRAN, S., and A. SIVANANTHARAJA. "ANALYSIS OF FOUR WAVE MIXING UNDER DIFFERENT ALL OPTICAL MODULATION FORMATS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 22, no. 03 (2013): 1350034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863513500343.

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Four Wave Mixing (FWM) is a nonlinear process which greatly degrades the performance of the multi-wavelength optical communication systems. This paper describes the analysis of FWM under different all optical modulation formats in two cases of networks such as high nonlinear regime of a 4-Channels, 40 Gb/s WDM network and a normal 32 channel, 40 Gb/s DWDM network. Performance parameters like suppressed FWM side band power, Q-factor and BER are analyzed. Although duobinary, DPSK and DQPSK modulation formats perform better in the latter case, the first case proves that only the DQPSK modulation format performs exceptionally well even in high nonlinear conditions of even DWDM networks.

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41

Li, Jianqiang, Zhenning Tao, Huijian Zhang, Weizhen Yan, Takeshi Hoshida, and Jens C. Rasmussen. "Spectrally Efficient Quadrature Duobinary Coherent Systems With Symbol-Rate Digital Signal Processing." Journal of Lightwave Technology 29, no. 8 (2011): 1098–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2011.2105461.

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42

Lu, Yu Chang, Chia Chien Wei, Jason (Jyehong) Chen, et al. "Effects of filter bandwidth and driving voltage on optical duobinary transmission systems." Optical Fiber Technology 13, no. 3 (2007): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2007.02.004.

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43

Shtaif, M., and A. H. Gnauck. "The relation between optical duobinary modulation and spectral efficiency in WDM systems." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 11, no. 6 (1999): 712–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.766794.

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44

Murata, K., K. Yonenaga, Y. Miyamoto, and Y. Yamane. "Parallel precoder IC module for 40 Gbit/s optical duobinary transmission systems." Electronics Letters 36, no. 18 (2000): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20001119.

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45

Li, Jianqiang, Ekawit Tipsuwannakul, Tobias Eriksson, Magnus Karlsson, and Peter A. Andrekson. "Approaching Nyquist Limit in WDM Systems by Low-Complexity Receiver-Side Duobinary Shaping." Journal of Lightwave Technology 30, no. 11 (2012): 1664–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2012.2190972.

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46

Bosco, G., I. Cano, V. Curri, and P. Poggiolini. "Optimization of Branch Metric Exponent and Quantization Range in MLSE Receivers for Duobinary Systems." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 20, no. 11 (2008): 924–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2008.922369.

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47

Yoneyama, M., K. Yonenaga, Y. Kisaka, and Y. Miyamoto. "Differential precoder IC modules for 20-and 40-Gbit/s optical duobinary transmission systems." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 47, no. 12 (1999): 2263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.808969.

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48

Xie, C., L. Moller, and R. Ryf. "Improvement of Optical NRZ- and RZ-Duobinary Transmission Systems With Narrow Bandwidth Optical Filters." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 16, no. 9 (2004): 2162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.833100.

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49

Ono, T., Y. Yano, K. Fukuchi, et al. "Characteristics of optical duobinary signals in terabit/s capacity, high-spectral efficiency WDM systems." Journal of Lightwave Technology 16, no. 5 (1998): 788–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.669006.

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50

Malik, Deepak, Geeta Kaushik, and Amit Wason. "Performance Optimization of Optical Amplifiers for High Speed Multilink Optical Networks using Different Modulation Techniques." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (2019): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0090.

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Abstract Next generation optical networks require large capacity communication networks for proper utilization of gain bandwidth of the networks. Optical amplifiers with wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems are the key technologies for the realization of these networks. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of the networks using different modulation techniques, such as return-to-zero (RZ), non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and duobinary. Attempts were taken to design 8 channels, 10 Gbps WDM network at channel spacing of 0.8 nm. An innovative model with EDFA-Raman amplifier is designed to examine the performance of the different modulation schemes. From the results, it is found that NRZ configuration gives maximum output power and good quality of communication as compared to other modulation schemes. Further, it is seen that with increase in channel dispersion from 2 to 4 ps/nm/km, the quality of the signal started decreasing.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Duobinary system'

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