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Journal articles on the topic 'Duplex stainless steel Corrosion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Francis, Roger, and Glenn Byrne. "Duplex Stainless Steels—Alloys for the 21st Century." Metals 11, no. 5 (2021): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050836.

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Duplex stainless steels were first manufactured early in the 20th century, but it was the introduction in the 1970s of the argon-oxygen decarburisation (AOD) steel making process and the addition of nitrogen to these steels, that made the alloys stronger, more weldable and more corrosion resistant. Today, duplex stainless steels can be categorised into four main groups, i.e., “lean”, “standard”, “super”, and “hyper” duplex types. These groups cover a range of compositions and properties, but they all have in common a microstructure consisting of roughly equal proportions of austenite and ferri

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2

Srisungsitthisunti, Pornsak, Siriporn Daopiset, and Noparat Kanjanaprayut. "Crevice Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steels by Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization and Potentiostatic Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 728 (January 2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.123.

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Crevice corrosions of duplex stainless steels were investigated under the aggressive condition of sea water pumps in offshore petroleum platforms. The study aims to compare crevice corrosion behavior of three grades of duplex stainless steels, UNS S32101 (2101), UNS S31803 (2205) and UNS S32750, in seawater with 200 ppm of hypochlorite. Duplex steels were compared with a widely used austenitic steel UNS S31603 (316). Specimens were tested under synthetic sea water prepared at pH4, pH6 and pH8 by the cyclic potentiodynamics polarization technique and the potentiostatic technique. The results sh

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3

Brytan, Z. "The corrosion resistance of laser surface alloyed stainless steels." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 92 (2018): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9662.

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Purpose: of this paper was to examine the corrosion resistance of laser surface alloyed (LSA) stainless steels using electrochemical methods in 1M NaCl solution and 1M H2SO4 solution. The LSA conditions and alloying powder placement strategies on the material's corrosion resistance were evaluated. Design/methodology/approach: In the present work the sintered stainless steels of different microstructures (austenitic, ferritic and duplex) where laser surface alloyed (LSA) with elemental alloying powders (Cr, FeCr, Ni, FeNi) and hard powders (SiC, Si3N4) to obtain a complex steel microstructure o

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4

Machuca, Laura L., Stuart I. Bailey, and Rolf Gubner. "Microbial Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels for Marine Energy Installations." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3591.

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A range of stainless steels has been investigated for resistance to microbiologically influenced corrosion in seawater. The corrosion potential was monitored for stainless steel coupons exposed to sterilized seawater and to microbiologically active seawater, which showed the effect of the growth of microorganisms. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization scans confirmed that 13%Cr stainless steel is very susceptible to localized corrosion under these conditions. 316L stainless steel was also quite susceptible to localized corrosion, whereas 2205 duplex stainless displayed good resistance to localiz

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5

Ebara, Ryuichiro, and Yuya Miyoshi. "Ultrasonic Corrosion Fatigue Behaviorof Duplex Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.421.

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Ultrasonic Corrosion Fatigue Tests were Conducted for SUS329J3L in Air and 3%NaCl Aqueous Solution. Reduction of Giga-Cycle Corrosion Fatigue Strength was 12.5%. Corrosion Pit was Observed on Corrosion Fatigue Crack Initiation Area. Striation was Predominantly Observed on Crack Propagation Area both in Air and 3% Nacl Aqueous Solution. it can be Concluded that the Reduction of Corrosion Fatigue Strength of SUS329J3L is due to the Corrosion Pit Formation at Corrosion Fatigue Crack Initiation Area.

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6

Fabian, Eniko Reka, Janos Kuti, Jozsef Gati, and Laszlo Toth. "Corrosion Behavior of Welded Joints in Different Stainless Steels." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 3 (2001): 440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.3.8018.

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The welded metals characteristics produced by TIG welding or laser beam welding depend on heat input as a function of laser power and welding speed. High laser power and high welding speed have produced welded joint with a remarkable decrease in fusion zone size and an acceptable weld profile with high weld depth/width ratio. At duplex stainless steels the microstructure of welded metal, and heat affected zone is strongly influenced by cooling rate, which is depend on heat input as a function of laser power and/or welding speed. It was found that increasing welding speed the corrosion rate of

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7

C. BENNETT, DAVID. "Duplex and ferritic stainless steel sheet linings versus weld overlay and other metallic corrosion-resistant barriers." July 2015 14, no. 7 (2015): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.7.491.

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Sheet linings made from stainless steel can protect carbon steel substrates at lower initial direct cost for installation and subsequent direct inspection than weld overlay and thermal sprayed coating. Closely matched thermal expansion coefficients of ferritic and duplex stainless steel grades with carbon steel allow large “tile pieces” in reliable, leak-proof linings compared to linings from austenitic grades, simplifying and speeding installation. Sheet linings with ferritic and duplex grades typically have lower unit costs than weld overlay and thermal sprayed coatings. Ferritic and lean du

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8

Ha, Heon-Young, Tae-Ho Lee, Sung-Dae Kim, Jae Hoon Jang, and Joonoh Moon. "Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance by Addition of Ni in Lean Duplex Stainless Steels." Metals 10, no. 7 (2020): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070891.

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On newly developed Febalance-18Cr-7Mn-3Mo-3W-0.4N-(0.03, 0.57)Ni (in wt%) lean duplex stainless steels, the microstructure, element partitioning behavior, and resistance to pitting corrosion were investigated. After solution treatments, the two alloys were found to have similar microstructures in terms of phase fraction and grain size, and have a precipitation-free matrix. The polarization tests revealed that the addition of Ni was beneficial to improve the resistance to pitting corrosion, which was confirmed by the rise in pitting and repassivation potentials. The uniform corrosion behavior a

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9

Hariharan, Ramakrishnan, Balasundaram Rathinam, Baskar Neelakandan, Radhakrishnan Beemaraj, and Chellamuthu Kannan. "Surface modification method of duplex type stainless steels by the pack boriding process." Chemical Industry 75, no. 3 (2021): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind210103019h.

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This work presents the investigation of a boriding process on two grades of stainless steel namely UNS32750 super duplex stainless steel and UNSS31803 duplex stainless steel in order to improve material properties and possibly to reduce catastrophic failure of industrial components. Usage of duplex stainless steels has become customary in the fields of oil and refinery, marine and pipeline applications due to increased corrosion resistance; however, these materials exhibit low wear characteristics. To overcome this problem, in this work the pack boriding process was employed. Evaluation of eff

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10

Viswanathan, V., and Nage Deepashri. "Influence of pH on Hydrogen Absorption in Duplex Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.592.

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With rising demands, oil and gas exploration of high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) wells are increasing worldwide. Due to aggressiveness of HPHT environments, piping and equipments are constructed with high-strength corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs). Duplex stainless steel is one of the candidate alloys that offer high strength along with corrosion resistance. It possesses the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels and hence, the name duplex or dual phase stainless steel. In order to control corrosion, cathodic protection is commonly being employed on the structures and

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11

Oliveira, A. M. C., R. C. Paredes, W. C. Godoi, and A. P. Vaz. "Duplex stainless steel of type UNS S32101 and ferritic stainless steel of type AISI 430 subjected to cathodic hydrogenation." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, `11 (2020): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i11.ms01.

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This work presents a study on the duplex stainless steel UNS S32101 and ferritic AISI 430 when subjected to cathodic hydrogenation, to ascertain their behavior under the action of hydrogen. Throughout the research, with the aid of optical (MO), scanning electronics (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopy, both hydrogen embrittlement and pitting corrosion after hydrogenation and degassing in UNS S32101 duplex stainless steel became evident. Subsequently, the X-ray diffraction performed to verify the phase transformations confirmed the transformation of the austenitic phase into the martensitic

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12

Ajith, P. M., P. Sathiya, Kondaiah Gudimetla, and B. Ravishankar. "Mechanical, Metallurgical Characteristics and Corrosion Properties of Equal Channel Angular Pressing of Duplex Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.9.

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Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) is well known for their higher mechanical strength and better corrosion resistance. DSS is commonly used for marine construction, petrochemical and chemical industries. DSS (2205) is having equal amount of α and γ phases.The present study was conducted on12mm diameter rod of the UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The refinement of original grains was observed. Effect of microstructure change on the corrosion behavior of equal channel angular pressed (ECAP) UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel was investigated. After s

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13

Ye, Wei, and Xing Sheng Tong. "Effect of Atmosphere Proportion and Nitriding Time on Plasma Nitriding of Duplex Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.61.

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Samples of duplex stainless steel were plasma nitrided at different atmosphere proportion and nitriding time. The hardness and the corrosion resistance of the untreated and various plasma treated samples were characterised by a variety of analytical techniques. The results show that plasma nutriding at low temperature can improve hardness of duplex stainless steel and its corrosion properties at the same time. Declining the atmosphere proportion of ammonia and argon can effectively prevent the nonuniformity of hardness of nitriding layers and extension of nitriding time is conducive to enhance

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14

Penha, R. N., L. B. Silva, C. S. P. Mendonça, T. C. Moreira, and M. L. N. M. Melo. "Effect of ageing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 91 (2018): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1382.

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Purpose: SAF 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are materials characterized by a favourable combination of the properties of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels. This type of stainless steel presents good weldability, corrosion resistance especially for stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, this steel presents an unavoidable disadvantage that is its potential microstructural instability. Although duplex stainless steels design idea is to present two main types of microstructure, other phases and carbides or nitrides can precipitate. In the case of DSS SAF 2205, in addition to austeni

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15

Herrera, Clara, Dirk Ponge, and Dierk Raabe. "Recrystallization during Annealing of a Cold Rolled Lean Duplex Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.550.

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Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are based on the Fe-Cr-Ni system and formed by ferrite (30-70%) and austenite. They have high tensile strength, good toughness and weldability and excellent corrosion resistance including stress-corrosion cracking and resistance to localized corrosion. The increase of the raw materials of the last years, there has been a motivation to develop new stainless steels with lower contents of nickel and molybdenum. Lean duplex stainless steels (LDSSs) are almost Mo free and nickel content lower than 4%. The lean duplex grades are expected to substitute not only 304/316

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16

Esteves, Luiza, Mônica M. A. M. Schvartzman, Wagner Reis da Costa Campos, and Vanessa F. C. Lins. "Corrosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel in Industrial White Liquor." Corrosion 74, no. 5 (2017): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2558.

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Specimens of lean duplex and duplex stainless steel were exposed at 200°C in industrial white liquor from a Brazilian kraft mill using an autoclave to simulate the same conditions of digester processing. Tafel extrapolation method and weight loss were used to evaluate corrosion behavior of duplex steel in white liquor. The higher alloy steel, although presenting a lower corrosion rate than the lean duplex, presents a more severe selective attack on ferrite, at 200°C and 1.8 MPa, after Tafel extrapolation method in industrial white liquor.

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17

Cordeiro de Oliveira, Angela Maria, Ramón Sigifredo Cortés Paredes, Walmor Cardoso Godoi, and Sergio Luiz Henke. "Comparison between UNS S32101 and UNS S32205 hydrogenated." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 1 (2021): 556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i1.ec02.

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This work presents a study on the duplex stainless steels UNS S32101 and UNS S32205 when subjected to cathodic hydrogenation, to ascertain their behavior under the action of hydrogen. It was evaluated for embrittlement and phase transformations induced by hydrogen, in order to check whether nickel and molybdenum contents would improve resistance to the harmful effects of hydrogen. With the aid of optical (MO) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both hydrogen embrittlement in both steels after hydrogenation and degassing was evidenced, as well as pitting corrosion on UNS S32101 duplex stain

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18

Platt, Jeffrey A., Andres Guzman, Arnaldo Zuccari, et al. "Corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 112, no. 1 (1997): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(97)70276-2.

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19

Wang, Shao Gang, Yan Li, and Wei Guo Zhai. "Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Dissimilar Welded Joints between Duplex Stainless Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 570 (September 2012): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.570.43.

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The dissimilar metals components of duplex stainless steels are more and more used in engineering fields recently. But the welding of dissimilar metals is more a challenge than that of similar metals. The joints of dissimilar metals between 2205 duplex stainless steel and 304 austenitic stainless steel were produced by tungsten inert gas arc welding (GTAW) with welding wire ER2209 and ER309, respectively. The microstructural characterization of welded joints is systematically analyzed by using optical microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The pitting corrosion resistance of the joints is evalua

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20

Alcantara, Amanda Silveira, Enikő Réka Fábián, Monika Furkó, Éva Fazakas, János Dobránszky, and Tibor Berecz. "Corrosion Resistance of TIG Welded Joints of Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 885 (February 2017): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.885.190.

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The aim of this work was to analyze the performance of joints made by TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding process in austenitic and duplex stainless steels with special regards to their corrosion resistance. Three different types of stainless steel were butt welded with TIG method. Ferric-chloride test and electrochemical treatments revealed how does the TIG process affects the corrosion resistance depending upon the alloy used for welding the joint. This work focuses on the weldability of the 2304, 2404 and 304 type stainless steel heterogeneous welds.

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21

Sunada, Satoshi, Keisuke Arai, Katsuhiko Mori, Masahisa Miyahara, and Kazuhiko Majima. "Electrochemical Characteristics of Sintered Duplex Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steels Produced by Powder Metallurgy Process." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1832–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1832.

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The sintered stainless steel produced by the powder metallurgy process (P/M) has attracted a growing interest because it has the advantage of better formability to fabricate complex shape products without machining and welding. The four sintered stainless steel samples; i.e., the mono-phase SUS304L SS P/M sample (hereafter denoted as 304L), the mono-phase SUS316L SS P/M sample (hereafter denoted as 316L), the duplex-phase SUS316L and SUS434L SS P/M sample (hereafter denoted as 316L+434L), and the duplex-phase SUS316L and SUS434L SS P/M sample with copper (hereafter denoted as 316L+434L+Cu) wer

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22

Liu, Sijia, and Keesam Shin. "Effect of Ultrasonic Shot Peening on the Microstructure of Austenitic Stainless Steel 316 and Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 11 (2020): 6904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18813.

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Shot peening for nanocrystallization of the surface region is a good way of improving corrosion-, fatigue-, and wear-resistance, etc. of metallic parts (Lu, K., 2014. Making strong nanomaterials ductile with gradients. Science, 345(6203), pp.1455–1456). The technique has been widely used for various materials as a method of surface modification. SUS316 has excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance with good formability However, its application is limited by the low mechanical strength and hardness. S32750 (duplex stainless steel) is one of most used tubing materials for oil/gas delivery sys

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Lollini, Federica, Maddalena Carsana, Matteo Gastaldi, and Elena Redaelli. "Corrosion behaviour of stainless steel reinforcement in concrete." Corrosion Reviews 37, no. 1 (2019): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0088.

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AbstractIn Europe, stainless steel rebars have been used since the mid-80s, whilst in North America, their use has been progressively growing only since the mid-90s. Due to their higher resistance to corrosion in comparison to ordinary black steel bars, they have been employed in a wide number of applications worldwide to achieve the durability performance of reinforced concrete structures, especially in extremely corrosive marine environments or when long service lives are required. In this paper, a state of the art on the corrosion resistance of stainless steel bars is reported. In particula

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24

Qiu, Fei, Yi Liang Zhang, and Dao Wen Wu. "Stress Corrosion Evaluation of the Overlay of Duplex Stainless Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.14.

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2205 duplex stainless steel is often welded on the surface contact of the corrosive media in projects to prevent stress corrosion in petrochemical facilities. To explore the application scope and feasibility of the solution ,two welding processes (automatic welding and manual welding), three kinds of the common corrosion environment (saturated hydrogen sulfide, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride) are studied by constant load tensile and micro-fracture analysis methods. its stress corrosion is evaluated comprehensively and the mathematical model of stress–life is established based on the expe

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25

Szabracki, Pawel, and Tomasz Lipiński. "Effect of Aging on the Microstructure and the Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 Duplex Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 203-204 (June 2013): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.203-204.59.

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Stainless steels are used widely in many industries. A duplex microstructure offers a combination of advantages, including resistance to crevice and stress corrosion, reduced susceptibility to hot cracking in comparison with fully austenitic structures and excellent tensile strength. The paper discusses the effect of aging on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 super duplex stainless steel. Low and predictable corrosion rate is an important parameter for steels operating in aggressive environments. Resistance to intergranular corrosion expressed by corrosion rate (mm

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Han, Ying, De Ning Zou, Wei Zhang, and Rui Huang. "Sigma Phase Precipitation of Duplex Stainless Steel and its Effect on Corrosion Resistance." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.391.

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The present study concerns the influence of aging parameters on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel S31803 and S32750. It has been found that the microstructural evolutions were extremely sensitive to sigma phase precipitation during aging treatment, and sigma phase was enhanced with the increase of aging time from 2 min to 120min at its precipitation peak temperature 850 °C for S31803 and 920°C for S32750 steels respectively. The precipitation of sigma phase in S32750 is ahead of that in S31803 steel, within 10min, the sigma phase precipitation rate of S32750 i

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27

Liu, Shuang, Chaohua Yue, Xi Chen, Qiuhua Zhu, and Yiyou Tu. "Pitting Corrosion Resistance on Annealing Treated Super Duplex Stainless Steel S32750." Crystals 10, no. 4 (2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040294.

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The pitting corrosion resistance of S32750 super duplex stainless steel, annealing treated at temperatures of 950–1200 °C for 20–60 min, was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results show that the volume fractions of ferrite in the S32750 duplex stainless steel increased from 48.9% to 68.4% as annealing temperatures increased from 950 to 1200 °C. The pitting potential of the sample increased first and then decreased from an annealing temperature of 950 to 1050 °C, and the highest pitting potential was observed after annealing at 1050 °C for 35 min. The pitting corrosio

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Lin, Dong Yih, Sheng Min Yang, Yong Chih Chou, Yi Ya Fang, and Huei Sen Wang. "Effect of Ag Doping in 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel on Corrosion Resistance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1207.

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Anti-bacterial property is a major concern of material use in many areas, such as food industries, hospitals, and kitchenware. It is well known that Ag owns the ability to destroy the cell walls and cell membranes of bacteria to inhibit their breeding. Therefore, Ag implanted on the material surfaces is a popular process in biomedical application. Once the implanted layer is destroyed, the well-effective antibacterial property is also ceased. In order to improve the effectiveness of bacterial characteristics, adding Ag in 2205 duplex stainless steel can maintain the bacterial property for a lo

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Odhiambo, John Gerald, Li Zhang, Tao Liu, Li Hua Dong, and Yan Sheng Yin. "Corrosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steels (2205) in Seawater in the Presence of Deep Sea Bacteria." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.189.

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The corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel immersed in nutrient-rich simulated seawater without deep sea bacteria and with deep sea bacteria (Erythrobacter pelagi sp.nov) was studied. The effect of chloride ions and presence of deep sea bacteria on corrosion resistance was investigated. The occurrence of localized corrosion (Viz. pitting and crevice corrosion) was examined using visual inspection and SEM-EDX. Electrochemical impedance spectra were used to study the effects of deep sea bacteria on duplex stainless steel and inferences were made. Most significantly was the reduction of pit

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30

Al-Hashem, A., P. G. Caceres, A. Abdullah, and H. M. Shalaby. "Cavitation Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steel in Seawater." CORROSION 53, no. 2 (1997): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3280438.

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Wu, Xun, Dihang Ye, Hui Li, and Hua Yu. "Corrosion characteristics of S23043 duplex stainless steel bars." Construction and Building Materials 178 (July 2018): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.008.

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32

Topolska, S., and J. Łabanowski. "Environmental Degradation of Dissimilar Austenitic 316L and Duplex 2205 Stainless Steels Welded Joints." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 4 (2017): 2107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0312.

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AbstractThe paper describes structure and properties of dissimilar stainless steels welded joints between duplex 2205 and austenitic 316L steels. Investigations were focused on environmentally assisted cracking of welded joints. The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement was determined in slow strain rate tests (SSRT) with the strain rate of 2.2 × 10−6s−1. Chloride-inducted SCC was determined in the 35% boiling water solution of MgCl2environment at 125°C. Hydrogen assisted SCC tests were performed in synthetic sea water under cathodic polarization conditio

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33

Vargas, V. H., A. Albiter, M. A. Domínguez-Aguilar, G. Altamirano, and C. Maldonado. "Corrosion Resistance of Dissimilar GTA Welds of Pipeline Steel and Super Duplex Stainless Steels in Synthetic Brine." Corrosion 77, no. 6 (2021): 668–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3746.

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The effect of weld passes and single V grove designs on the corrosion resistance of dissimilar welds of a low alloy steel and a super duplex stainless steel was studied in synthetic brine. Welds were manufactured in argon by the gas tungsten arc technique and joined by a high nickel wire of super duplex stainless steel. Samples of weld regions were characterized by composition scans, electrochemical measurements, microhardness, and scanning electron microscopy. In X52/ER2594, a transition region of grain boundaries type II and a band of martensite were formed. The base metal of X52 underwent t

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34

Tolulope Loto, Roland. "Electrochemical Data on the Effect of Extreme Temperatures on 2101 Duplex Steel Corrosion Performance in Chloride-Sulphate Environment." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 2 (2019): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350204.

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The detrimental outcome of heat treatment operation at 1200oC on 2101 duplex stainless steel was studied in 2 M H2SO4/0%-1.75% NaCl by potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential measurement and optical microscopy analysis. Result reveal the processes heightened the corrosion vulnerability of the duplex alloy with maximum corrosion rate result of 11.3 mm/y at 0.5% NaCl for the annealed steel (A2101ST), followed by quenched steel (Q2101ST) with corrosion rate value of 9.03 mm/y. These values were significantly lower than the peak corrosion rate of the as received steel (ASR2101ST) at 5

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35

Calderón-Uríszar-Aldaca, Iñigo, Estibaliz Briz, Amaia Matanza, Ulises Martin, and David M. Bastidas. "Corrosion Fatigue Numerical Model for Austenitic and Lean-Duplex Stainless-Steel Rebars Exposed to Marine Environments." Metals 10, no. 9 (2020): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091217.

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Steel rebars of structures exposed to cyclic loadings and marine environments suffer an accelerated deterioration process by corrosion fatigue, causing catastrophic failure before service life ends. Hence, stainless steel rebars have been emerging as a way of mitigating pitting corrosion contribution to fatigue, despite the increased cost. The present study proposes a corrosion fatigue semiempirical model. Different samples of rebars made of carbon steel, 304L austenitic (ASS), 316L ASS, 2205 duplex (DSS), 2304 lean duplex stainless steels (LDSS), and 2001 LDSS have been embedded in concrete a

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Khoshnaw, Fuad Mohamed, and Hussein Bakir Rahmatalla. "Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Welded Duplex Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.709.

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This study investigated stress corrosion cracking of two welded stainless steel alloys, austenitic 304L and duplex 2205, in an acidic chloride solution. Different heat inputs are selected for welding the alloys, using tungsten inert gas, with and without filler metal. The slow strain rate technique is utilized to estimate the susceptibility of each weldment to stress corrosion cracking. Different strain rates are used, and the experiments showed that the strain rate equal to 1.66x10-6/sec is a critical value that can be used for assessing the susceptibility of the alloys to corrosion cracking.

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Hren, Miha, Tadeja Kosec, Mari Lindgren, Elina Huttunen-Saarivirta, and Andraž Legat. "Sensor Development for Corrosion Monitoring of Stainless Steels in H2SO4 Solutions." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041449.

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Equipment made of different stainless steels is often used in the hydrometallurgical processing industry. In this study, an electrical resistance sensor was developed for monitoring corrosion in acidic solutions at high temperature. Two types of stainless steel were used as the electrode materials, namely grade 316L stainless steel (EN 1.4404) and grade 2507 duplex stainless steel (EN 1.4410). The materials and sensors were exposed to a 10% H2SO4 solution containing 5000 mg/L of NaCl at various temperatures. Results from the sensors were verified using electrochemical techniques and postexposu

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Kalandyk, B., R. Zapała, and M. Starowicz. "The Effect of Si and Mn on Microstructure and Selected Properties of Cr-Ni Stainless Steels." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 1 (2017): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0034.

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Abstract Cast stainless steel of the Cr-Ni duplex type is used, among others, for the cast parts of pumps and valves handling various chemically aggressive media. Therefore, the main problem discussed in this article is the problem of abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water and resistance to electrochemical corrosion in a 3% NaCl-H2O solution of selected cast steel grades, i.e. typical duplex cast steel, high silicon and manganese duplex cast steel, and Cr-Ni austenitic cast steel (type AISI 316L). The study shows that the best abrasion wear resistance comparable to Ni-Hart cast

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Jin, Hao Zhe, Kuan Xin Wang, Hai Yan Ren, and Guo Fu Ou. "Erosion-Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Alloys in Ammonium Hydrosulfide Solutions." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.125.

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The rotary experiment apparatus was built to study the erosion-corrosionresistance of carbon steel, 15CrMo steel, duplex stainless steel 2205, nickel based alloy 825 and stainless steel 316L which are commonly used in the sour water environment of refinery. Based on the electrochemical test, the carbon steel and alloys corrosion rates in different ammonium hydrosulfide concentration, fluid velocity and temperature were obtained. The corrosion products film morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to find the reasons for corrosion rates difference of carbon steel and alloys

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Renner, Peter, Yan Chen, Zhihao Huang, Ajinkya Raut, and Hong Liang. "Tribocorrosion Influenced Pitting of a Duplex Stainless Steel." Lubricants 9, no. 5 (2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9050052.

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Due to its accelerated, uncontrollable, and unpredictable nature, pitting is one of the most common failure modes in pipelines used for oil and gas exploration. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of pitting under conditions involving both abrasion and corrosion is currently lacking. This research investigated the effects of mechanical rubbing on the development of pitting of a widely used Type 2205 duplex stainless steel. Tribocorrosion experiments were conducted under mildly abrasive conditions where there is pitting but no significant material loss. Results showed that passivati

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Xiang, Hongliang, Dong Liu, Xueping Chen, Huatang Cao, and Xuanpu Dong. "On the microstructure and mechanical properties of silver-bearing antibacterial CD4MCu duplex stainless steels: Solid solution temperature." Materials Express 9, no. 9 (2019): 1067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2019.1600.

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The Ag-bearing antibacterial stainless steel has attracted substantial attention in the field of bacterial proliferation prevention. In this study, a Cu–Ag alloy was incorporated into a CD4MCu duplex stainless steel (DSS) to produce a good antibacterial property. The Ag-bearing CD4MCu duplex stainless steel samples were conducted solid solution treatment at various temperatures. The effects of the solid solution temperature on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties, as well as silver ion release characteristics and antibacterial properties were investigated. Results show that

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Sun, Bo, Hu Li Niu, De Yu Tang, Zong Tao Fang, and Yan Hua Hu. "Welding Technology of SAF2507 for Offshore Platform." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1532.

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In recent years, super duplex stainless steel has been widely used in offshore platform for its excellent corrosion resistance. The key point of welding super duplex stainless steel is to ensure the phase ratio of welded joints. In this paper, the weldability, welding method, welding material, groove of SAF2507 were introduced. Then the test content of welding procedure qualification was described.

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Liu, Xiao, and Long Mei Wang. "Effect of Rare Earth on the Inclusions and Pitting Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 528 (June 2012): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.130.

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The anodic polarization curves of 2205 duplex stainless steel with various RE contents in 3.5% NaCl neutral solutions have been measured by electrochemical methods, The effect of rare earth on pitting corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel has been studied by the metallographic examination. The results show that RE can effectively depress pitting corrosion, while the irregular inclusions of Al2O3, sulfide in the shape of clump are transformed into tiny dispersive round or oval RE inclusions, and it plays a good role in pitting resistance.

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Bautista, Asunción, Francisco Velasco, and Manuel Torres-Carrasco. "Influence of the Alkaline Reserve of Chloride-Contaminated Mortars on the 6-Year Corrosion Behavior of Corrugated UNS S32304 and S32001 Stainless Steels." Metals 9, no. 6 (2019): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9060686.

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The durability of two lean corrugated duplex stainless steel (UNS S32304 and S32001) bars manufactured for concrete reinforcement was studied in four different corrosive conditions. These duplex stainless steels are more economical than the most traditional, well-known duplex grade steels (UNS S32205). The research was carried out in mortar samples for six years. In half of the samples, the alkaline reserve had been previously decreased, and their pH was slightly below 12, while in the other half, the pH close to the bars remained as-manufactured. Moreover, there were samples with modified and

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Łabanowski, Jerzy, and A. Ossowska. "Properties of Duplex Stainless Steel Surface Layers after Burnishing Process." Solid State Phenomena 165 (June 2010): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.118.

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This paper investigates stress corrosion cracking resistance of cold worked layers of 25 Cr duplex stainless steel grade UR52N+. The surface layers were processed through burnishing treatment. The residual stresses at surface layers were determined using grazing angle incidence X-ray diffraction method (g-sin2 Ψ). Corrosion tests were performed with the use of Slow Strain Rate Test technique in boiling 35% MgCl2 solution. It has been demonstrated that burnishing treatment increases corrosion resistance of the steel. Stress corrosion cracking resistance depends on the magnitude of cold work at

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Badji, R., B. Belkessa, H. Maza, M. Bouabdallah, Brigitte Bacroix, and C. Kahloun. "Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.217.

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Duplex stainless steels 2205 are widely used in constructional and petrochemical applications because of their good mechanical and corrosion properties. The objective of this work was to study the influence of aging at high temperature on the austenite and d ferrite equilibrium. After welding by TIG process, duplex stainless steel was aged in the range of 800 – 1150 °C temperatures for 60 min. The microstructure was characterized by metallography and X-ray methods. The toughness of welded structure was also measured.

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Fourlaris, G., T. Gladman, and M. Maylin. "Microscopical Examination of a Super Austenitic Stainless Steel." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 687–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010321.

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Stainless steels have significant applications due to their good corrosion resistance. However, for applications in a marine environment, i.e. for certain types of large naval structures, in addition to the good corrosion resistance, other requirements are imposed on the candidate material such as high strength and toughness coupled with suitable magnetic characteristics.It has been demonstrated in earlier publications that significant improvements in the coercivity, maximum induction and remanence values can be achieved, by using a 2205 type Duplex austenitic -ferritic stainless steel (DSS) i

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Mestra, Alvaro, Gemma Fargas, Marc Anglada, and Antonio Mateo. "Sliding Wear Behavior of a Duplex Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 423 (December 2009): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.423.125.

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Duplex stainless steels contain similar amounts of austenite  and ferrite α. This two-phase microstructure leads to an excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, there are few works dealing with the wear behaviour of these steels. This paper aims to determine the sliding wear mechanisms of a duplex stainless steel type 2205. In order to do it, three different sliding velocities (0.2, 0.7 and 1.2 m/s) and six sliding distances (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 m) were selected. The results show that wear rate depends on both sliding velocity and slidi

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Chang, Hyun Young, Heung Bae Park, Young Sik Kim, Sang Kon Ahn, Kwang Tae Kim, and Yoon Young Jang. "Compatibility Evaluation for Application of Lean Duplex Stainless Steels to Seawater Systems in Nuclear Power Plants." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.382.

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Lean duplex stainless steels have been developed in Korea for the purpose of being used in the seawater systems of industries. The flow velocity of some part of seawater systems in nuclear power plants is high and damages of components from corrosion are severe. Therefore, this environment requires using high strength and high corrosion resistant steels. The newly developed lean duplex stainless steels STS329LD(20.3Cr-2.2Ni-1.4Mo) and STS329J3L(22.4Cr-5.7Ni-3.6Mo) are evaluated for the compatibility in seawater systems of nuclear power plants. In this study, the physical & mechanical prope

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Yurtisik, Koray, Suha Tirkes, Igor Dykhno, C. Hakan Gur, and Riza Gurbuz. "Characterization of duplex stainless steel weld metals obtained by hybrid plasma-gas metal arc welding." Soldagem & Inspeção 18, no. 3 (2013): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-92242013000300003.

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Despite its high efficiency, autogenous keyhole welding is not well-accepted for duplex stainless steels because it causes excessive ferrite in as-welded duplex microstructure, which leads to a degradation in toughness and corrosion properties of the material. Combining the deep penetration characteristics of plasma arc welding in keyhole mode and metal deposition capability of gas metal arc welding, hybrid plasma - gas metal arc welding process has considered for providing a proper duplex microstructure without compromising the welding efficiency. 11.1 mm-thick standard duplex stainless steel

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