Relevant bibliographies by topics / Durational

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Durational'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 20 February 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Durational.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Durational"

1

GUYER, JANE I. "Durational ethics." HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4, no. 1 (June 2014): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.14318/hau4.1.022.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Bao, Weihong, Natalia Brizuela, Allan deSouza, Suzanne Guerlac, SanSan Kwan, Anneka Lenssen, Angela Marino, Jeffrey Skoller, and Winnie Wong. "Reflections on Durational Art." Representations 136, no. 1 (2016): 132–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2016.136.1.132.

Full text
Abstract:
These short reflections, from UC Berkeley faculty in a variety of disciplines, respond to the following question: “What does the phrase ‘time-based art’ mean to you? What are the central stakes, conventions, challenges, and opportunities of durational art in the contexts in which you work?” Collectively, they probe a wide range of practices and contexts, including, for example, Mexican festivals and midwestern American carnivals, Syrian documentary films and the “image-event,” bystander recordings of US police and state harassment of black men, and the photographic interventions of the Colombian artist Oscar Muñoz. The respondents are Weihong Bao, Natalia Brizuela, Allan deSouza, Suzanne Guerlac, SanSan Kwan, Anneka Lenssen, Angela Marino, Jeffrey Skoller, and Winnie Wong.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bae, Youkyung, David P. Kuehn, and Seunghee Ha. "Validity of the Nasometer Measuring the Temporal Characteristics of Nasalization." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, no. 5 (September 2007): 506–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/06-128.1.

Full text
Abstract:
Objective: To examine the validity of the Nasometer (KayPENTAX, Lincoln Park, NJ) in measuring the temporal characteristics of nasalization by comparing the Nasometer measures to the measures from an external criterion procedure. Design: Speech samples consisted of three rate-controlled nonsense syllables, which varied in their vowel compositions: /izinizi/, /azanaza/, and /uzunuzu/. Acoustic data were recorded simultaneously through the Nasometer and an external criterion procedure (a specialized microphone set that collected acoustic signals separately for the nasal and oral channels). Speech segment durations measured from the two instrumental conditions were compared on the Nasometer display and the Computerized Speech Lab (KayPENTAX, Lincoln Park, NJ) display. Five durational variables were measured: total utterance duration, nasal onset interval, nasal consonant duration, nasal offset interval, and total nasalization duration. Participants: Fourteen normal adults who speak American English as their first language participated in the study. Results: No significant differences were found between the measures from the Nasometer and those from an external criterion procedure in all the durational variables pertinent to nasalization. Different vowels, however, yielded significantly different patterns in these durational variables, in which the low vowel /a/ context revealed significantly longer total nasalization duration than did the high vowel /i/ and /u/ contexts. Conclusions: The results suggest that the Nasometer can be used as a valid tool to measure the temporal characteristics underlying nasalization and confirm significant vowel effects on the temporal patterns of nasalization.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Köhnlein, Björn. "The complex durational relationship of contour tones and level tones." Diachronica 32, no. 2 (October 15, 2015): 231–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.32.2.03koh.

Full text
Abstract:
The production of a contour tone requires a longer duration than the production of a level tone. This paper demonstrates that this durational relationship becomes considerably more complex when tones are realized on bimoraic sonorant units that can support both level tones and contour tones. Evidence comes from diachronic processes in which pitch and duration interact. In languages where (intrinsic) durational differences between two groups of bimoraic units lead to tonal contrasts, the longer units commonly receive a contour tone, and the shorter ones a level tone; yet over time, the units with the fully developed contour tone tend to shorten, and those with the level tone tend to lengthen. Ultimately, this can even lead to durational reversals between the units in question. The discussion focuses primarily on Franconian tone accent dialects but also incorporates data from Estonian, Hup, Las Norias Piman and North Low Saxon.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ermus, Liis. "Estonian geminate plosives: some durational characteristics." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 10, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2019.10.1.02.

Full text
Abstract:
Consonants in Estonian occur in three quantity degrees: short, long, and overlong. Plosives have also been described as lenis and fortis. Long and fortis correspond to geminate. As single plosives have been described acoustically several times, only overall durations of geminates have been reported. The present study examines durational patterns of geminate plosives in Estonian and their relations to the same patterns in single plosives. Influences of articulation place, quantity, syllable structure, and speech style on overall duration, burst duration, and voiced transition were sought. The biggest differences in duration occurred due to quantity degree. Some influence of syllable structure occurred, similar to previous findings. Patterns were mostly similar to those in singleton plosives, although there were some differences in voicing. Almost no difference compared to singletons with respect to burst phase duration was found. Kokkuvõte. Liis Ermus: Eesti keele geminaatklusiilid: kestust puudutavaid tunnuseid. Eesti keele konsonandid esinevad kolmes vältes: lühike, pikk ja ülipikk. Sulghäälikuid on kirjeldatud ka leenise ja fortisena. Pikk ja ülipikk välde ning fortis vastavad geminaadile. Lühikeste sulghäälikute akustikat eesti keeles on korduvalt uuritud, kuid geminaatide kohta on esitatud vaid mõningast kestusinfot. Käesolev uurimus keskendus eesti keele geminaatsulghäälikute kestuses esinevatele korrapäradele ja nende võrdlusele lühikeste sulghäälikute kestusmustritega. Vaadeldi häälduskoha, välte, silbistruktuuri ja kõnestiili mõju häälikute üldkestusele, samuti vallandumisfaasi ja helilise algussiirde kestusele. Suurimad kestuserinevused olid tingitud välteerinevustest. Ilmnes mõningane silbistruktuuri mõju, mis oli kooskõlas eelnevate uurimustega. Kestusmustrid olid üldjoontes sarnased lühikeste sulghäälikute kestusmustritega, põhilised erinevused esinesid helilisuses. Vallandumisfaasi kestuses seevastu polnud võrreldes lühikeste häälikutega peaaegu mingeid erinevusi. Märksõnad: eesti keel, geminaadid, sulghäälikud, kestus, seotud kõne, akustiline foneetika
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Skenes, Linda Lilley. "Durational changes of apraxic speakers." Journal of Communication Disorders 20, no. 1 (February 1987): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9924(87)90044-x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ciszewski, Tomasz. "Stressed Vowel Duration and Phonemic Length Contrast." Research in Language 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-011-0049-2.

Full text
Abstract:
It has been generally accepted that greater vowel/syllable duration is a reliable correlate of stress and that absolute durational differences between vowels underlie phonemic length contrasts. In this paper we shall demonstrate that duration is not an independent stress correlate, but rather it is derivative of another stress correlate, namely pitch. Phonemic contrast, on the other hand, is qualitative rather than quantitative. These findings are based on the results of an experiment in which four speakers of SBrE read 162 mono-, di- and trisyllabic target items (made of CV sequences) both in isolation and in carrier phrases. In the stressed syllables all Southern British English vowels and diphthongs were represented and each vowel was placed in 3 consonantal contexts: (a) followed by a voiced obstruent, (b) voiceless obstruent and (c) a sonorant. Then, all vowels (both stressed and unstressed) were extracted from target items and measured with PRAAT. The results indicate that stressed vowels may be longer than unstressed ones. Their durational superiority, however, is not stress-related, but follows mainly from vowelintrinsic durational characteristics and, to some extent, from the prosodic context (i.e. the number of following unstressed vowels) in which it is placed. In CV1CV2 disyllables, when V1 is phonemically short, the following word-final unstressed vowel is almost always longer. It is only when V1 is a phonemically long vowel that V2 may be shorter. As far as diphthongal V1 is concerned, the durational V1~V2 relation is variable. Interestingly, the V1~V3 relation in trisyllables follows the same durational pattern. In both types of items the rare cases when a phonemically short V1 is indeed longer than the word-final vowel involve a stressed vowel which is open, e.g. [æ,o], and whose minimal execution time is longer due to a more extensive jaw movement. These observations imply that both in acoustic and perceptual terms the realisation of word stress is not based on the durational superiority of stressed vowels over unstressed ones. When it is, it is only an epiphenomenon of intrinsic duration of the stressed vowel and extra shortness of nonfinal unstressed vowel. As far as phonemic length contrast is concerned, we observe a high degree of durational overlap between phonemically long and short vowels in monosyllabic CVC words (which is enforced by a greater pitch excursion), whereas in polysyllables the differences seem to be perceptually non-salient (>40 ms, cf. Lehiste 1970). This suggests that the differences in vowel duration are not significant enough to underlie phonological length contrasts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Karlin, Robin, and Benjamin Parrell. "Speakers monitor auditory feedback for temporal alignment and linguistically relevant duration." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 6 (December 2022): 3142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015247.

Full text
Abstract:
Recent altered auditory feedback studies suggest that speakers adapt to external perturbations to the duration of syllable nuclei and codas, but there is mixed evidence for adaptation of onsets. This study investigates this asymmetry, testing three hypotheses: (1) onsets adapt only if the perturbation produces a categorical error; (2) previously observed increases in vowel duration stem from feedback delays, rather than adaptation to durational perturbations; (3) gestural coordination between onsets and nuclei prevents independent adaptation of each segment. Word-initial consonant targets received shortening perturbations to approximate a different phoneme (cross-category; VOT of /t/ > /d/; duration of /s/ > /z/) or lengthening perturbations to generate a long version of the same phoneme (within-category; /k/ > [khh]; /ʃ/ > [ʃː]). Speakers adapted the duration of both consonants in the cross-category condition; in the within-category condition, only /k/ showed adaptive shortening. Speakers also lengthened all delayed segments while perturbation was active, even when segment duration was not perturbed. Finally, durational changes in syllable onsets and nuclei were not correlated, indicating that speakers can adjust each segment independently. The data suggest that speakers mainly attend to deviations from the predicted timing of motor states but do adjust for durational errors when linguistically relevant.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

GARCÍA, PAULA B., and KAREN FROUD. "Perception of American English vowels by sequential Spanish–English bilinguals." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21, no. 1 (September 13, 2016): 80–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728916000808.

Full text
Abstract:
Research on American-English (AE) vowel perception by Spanish–English bilinguals has focused on the vowels /i/-/ɪ/ (e.g., in sheep/ship). Other AE vowel contrasts may present perceptual challenges for this population, especially those requiring both spectral and durational discrimination. We used Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), MMN (Mismatch Negativity) and P300, to index discrimination of AE vowels /ɑ/-/ʌ/ by sequential adult Spanish–English bilingual listeners compared to AE monolinguals. Listening tasks were non-attended and attended, and vowels were presented with natural and neutralized durations. Regardless of vowel duration, bilingual listeners showed no MMN to unattended sounds, and P300 responses were elicited to /ɑ/ but not /ʌ/ in the attended condition. Monolingual listeners showed pre-attentive discrimination (MMN) for /ɑ/ only; while both vowels elicited P300 responses when attended. Findings suggest that Spanish–English bilinguals recruit attentional and cognitive resources enabling native-like use of both spectral and durational cues to discriminate between AE vowels /ɑ/ and /ʌ/.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Toda, Takako. "Interlanguage phonology." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 17, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.17.2.03tod.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This paper presents the results of a study pertaining to the acquisition of timing control by Australian subjects who are enrolled in first-year Japanese at tertiary level. Instrumental techniques are used to observe segment duration and pitch patterns in the speech production of learners and native speakers of Japanese. The observations concern vowels and obstruents based on minimal pairs with durational contrasts, and the results are discussed within the framework of interlanguage phonology. The results obtained from this study demonstrate problems of beginning-level learners, including the underdifferentiation of durational contrasts (Han 1992). From the viewpoint of interlanguage phonology, however, the results seem to indicate that the learners have the ability to control timing and that they try to achieve durational distinctions in their speech production, but that their phonetic realisation is different from that of native speakers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Durational"

1

Wilson, Sarah Kate. "Durational painting : gifting, grafting, hosting, collaborating." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18875/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis takes as its focus contemporary painting, and develops an understanding of painting as a time-based medium. My research project addresses the array of strategies artists employ to produce durational paintings, a term I have coined as a means of referring to paintings that destabilise the traditional idea of painting as a static object, hung on a wall. The medium of painting embraces other mediums, such as performance and installation, to yield durational paintings. These paintings engage people in their production: vitally, they are participatory and are produced through collaboration. Furthermore, these paintings employ materials imbued with particular properties, such as longevity or, conversely, ephemerality. In time-based media collections and in existing histories of participatory and relational practices painting is absent: these omissions are redressed by the present study. Now that painting is time-based, it is ‘live’.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Caulfield, Anne Jeanette. "In search of isochrony : compensating for durational warping in speech production." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24587.

Full text
Abstract:
The rhythmic organization of speech into regular intervals (i.e. isochrony), is a strong perceptual phenomenon. However, Investigators have been unable to demonstrate the existence of isochrony in production data. It is hypothesized in this study that the intended rhythm of a speaker is in fact isochronous, but that this is obscured by several distorting influences which introduce durational irregularity at the syllable level, e.g. intrinsic duration, stress, position of the syllable in a phrase and number of syllables in a phrase. It is proposed that removing the predictable durational irregularities will yield a more regular signal, reflecting the (hypothesized) Intended Isochronous rhythm of the speaker. The latter two sources of distortion introduce progressive durational irregularity or "warping" which can be readily incorporated into an automated "dewarplng" procedure. A computer program was devised to compensate, at the syllable level for these two sources of distortion. The former two sources are not amenable to such an automated procedure, and were therefore not included. The "dewarping" program was run on the speech amplitude envelopes of two speakers, one French and one English. The results indicate that, for the French speaker, dewarping does remove some of the durational Irregularity, yielding a more regular amplitude envelope. For the English speaker, no such Improvement in regularity is obtained. This indicates that the dewarping used, which presumes the syllable as "unit" of dewarping, is appropriate for syllable-timed languages such as French, but inappropriate for stress-timed languages such as English. It therefore provides some support for isochrony in French at the syllable level. Finally, the results also give support to the hypothesis that the degree of warping perceived as regular in speech perception studies corresponds to the degree of dewarping which, conversely, yields the most regular speech amplitude envelope; however, further experimentation is necessary to determine the optimum values of the parameters of the dewarping function.
Medicine, Faculty of
Audiology and Speech Sciences, School of
Graduate
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Al-Khatib, Saleh. "Variation in speech timing : a durational model for modern standard Arabic." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333464.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Goldberg, Stephen Gregory. "Durational Control of Defensive Burying in Rats: An Investigation of a Species-Specific Defense Reaction." DigitalCommons@USU, 1988. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5977.

Full text
Abstract:
Six experiments were run to determine whether the duration of conditioned defensive burying (COB) in rats is a function of its consequences. Four experiments developed the methodology. Experiment 1 replicated the standard one-trial experiment, where rats are shocked once by a prod. All three rats exhibited CDB. Experiment 2 used a lever-press-for-water contingency to force recontact with the lever, following shock deliveries in Sessions 6 and 14. All three rats buried the lever in both sessions. Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2, employing albino and hooded rats. All six buried the lever. The albinos exhibited longer burying durations. Experiment 4 used the lever-press-for-water contingency but employed extinction to test whether rats would bury the lever under that condition. They did not. Experiment 5 used three groups of rats to determine whether burying durations are a function of CDB's consequences. Groups LS and LSH had enough sawdust to cover the lever, but a hole under the lever was opened during LSH's burying. Group SS lacked enough sawdust to cover the lever. The groups' mean burying durations (MBDs) were not significantly different in Session 6. Following Session 14, group differences and a group-by-session interaction were statistically significant. Effect sizes for Groups LS and SS were large. Group LS's MBD increased, Group LSH's remained unchanged, and Group SS's decreased. Experiment 6 used two groups of rats to determine whether MBDs are a function of shock source visibility. Group C's substratum consisted of uncolored, transparent Plexiglas blocks. Group B had black, opaque blocks. Only the group-by-session interaction was statistically significant. The MBDs of Groups Band C paralleled those of Groups LS and SS in Experiment 5. The effect sizes for C and B were large and medium, respectively. CDB occurred in all experiments where the rats received shocks, and CDB was reproduced in experiments where the animals were forced to recontact the shock source through a lever-press-for-water contingency. CDB durations are a function of their consequences. Rats whose burying covers or blocks the shock source from view exhibit longer burying durations in succeeding shock trials. Rats whose burying is ineffective exhibit shorter durations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Coogan, Amanda. "Deconstructing and re-constructing instances of live durational performance art : yellow-re-performed." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633031.

Full text
Abstract:
Live durational performance art practice is the site of investigation for this research project. The event of another human presented for intentional viewing in somatic, non-verbal practice is explored through a phenomenologicallense. The research examines underlying issues by firstly addressing "the cult of personality" in works where the artist is performer and then exploring individual involvement in live performance from both the performer's and audience member's perspectives. This thesis thus examines live durational performance under four categories: Site, Time, Performer and Audience. The research is both a textual and a practical one, with many of the artworks scrutinized stemming from my own work. The practice of an artist as performer is dissected and re-built through a re-performance project; Yellow-Re-pelTormed. This reperformance project is analysed and contextualized within the recently emerged debate surrounding re-performance strategies in performance art practice belonging to visual art. The proposition of re-performance is correlated to appropriation art, with both challenging the status of an original artwork. Through the experience of selected live artworks produced for this research, this study illuminates the complexities and difficulties inherent in this unstable practice. By analysing live performance from an insider's perspective, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the practice of durationallive performance in a gallery context. Interrelating reperformance and appropriation art, the thesis seeks further to demystify the art form and critically proposes re-performance as a strategy of remembering and also for making new live performance art. Through documenting and reflecting on the processes of commissioning and exhibiting performances, as well as briefing re-performers and eliciting inthe- moment responses from participants on all sides, this project can inform future practices and debates. It is my view that it can help gallerybased live performance to be better understood in relation to presence, and the experience of presence in re-performance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kromholz, Sophie C. "The artwork is not present : an investigation into the durational engagement with temporary artworks." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7716/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis presents a conceptual knot, namely of how to sustain the intentionally temporary. Part of the original contribution of this thesis lies in exploring what it means for an artwork to be temporary, tracing the historical context from the twentieth century onwards, thereby establishing the category of temporary artworks, and providing thoughts on how to care for temporary artworks so that they might be known and experienced by future audiences. On the basis of this research, a practical proposal is developed for what a retrospective of temporary artworks might look like. Temporary artworks should be considered as a category unto their own because of the specific set of constraints which set them apart: they are physical works of art which exist for an intentionally limited amount of time, and are created only once. These specific constraints problematize the engagement of future audiences due to the works’ very limited and singular existence as a physical work. In order to address the issue of how to (re)visit impermanence, I develop the claim that what is passed on from a temporary artwork is contingent on the stakeholders, including the primary audience, who are posited as a group of unintentional archivists holding stock in a type of living archive. After their material unmaking, temporary artworks can be experienced through the notion that ‘the artwork is not present’, a riff on artist Marina Abramović’s retrospective work The Artist is Present (2010). A retrospective of temporary artworks would consist of memories and documents contextualizing their fragmentary nature, highlighting what Severin Fowles discusses as ‘the carnality of absence’. A clarification of what is missing assists in sustaining what I develop and describe as ‘the performance of loss’, a critical part of temporary artworks. Stewarding a temporary artwork into the future thus depends on letting the material object go, and contextualizing its presence, loss, and absence for future audiences.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Holm, Snefrid. "Intonational and durational contributions to the perception of foreign-accented Norwegian : An experimental phonetic investigation." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for språk- og kommunikasjonsstudier, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2331.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Young, Shikika Sade. "The Durational Effects of a Free Operant Condition on Automatically Maintained Stereotypic Behavior and Discrete Trial Task Responding." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5806.

Full text
Abstract:
This study examined the effects of three fixed-duration free operant access conditions on rates of automatically maintained stereotypic behavior and correct task responding during discrete trial training (DTT) with two children diagnosed with autism. Following a functional analysis, confirming automatic function, interviews/observations were conducted to identify behavioral indicators of satiation and an average satiation level. In this endeavor, participants were exposed to a free operant condition to validate satiation of stereotypic responding. Once satiation level was averaged, two durational conditions were computed: Long (75% access) and Short (25% access). A third condition, Deprivation, involved blocking all attempts at the stereotypic response for the average duration till satiation. An alternating treatment design was used to examine the effects of these three conditions on stereotypy and correct responding during subsequent discrete trial tasks. For both, participants correct responding did not seem to be affected by the length of the pre-session access to the stereotypic behavior prior to the DTT session. For Marcus, the Long condition may have acted as an abolishing operation (AO) during DTT. Following the Short condition he engaged in higher rates of the stereotypic behaviors during his DTT sessions compared to the other conditions. For the Sara, it appears that pre-session access to stereotypy had little effect on stereotypic behavior during DTT sessions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Rissanen, J. (Janne). "A perceptual study of difficulties met by native speakers of English in the production of the durational patterns of Finnish disyllabic word structures." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201410041921.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis presents a perceptual study of difficulties met by native speakers of English in the production of the durational patterns of Finnish disyllabic word structures. The primary purpose of the analysis was to investigate how a message changes on the way from text to utterance and further from utterance to perception, and then to evaluate how well the informants have managed in their utterances on the basis of the listeners’ perceptions. The test material of 70 words contains words pairs consisting of meaningful disyllabic Finnish words and pseudowords in random order. The meaningful words were selected so that an expected quantitative deviation would form a minimal pair with an alternative that they can be mixed with. The words were read by nine informants in a noiseless speech lab, their productions were recorded, and the recordings were played to groups of upper secondary school students, whose task was to write down their immediate perceptions. The perception data amounting to 14,350 samples was inserted to a tailored relational database for analysis. The perception analysis was made from two main points of view, focusing on quantitative changes in different syllable patterns and on the individual tendencies of the informants, including some notions of qualitative characteristics as well. The findings were, when necessary, supported by results derived from segmental phonetic measurements. All quantitative deviation types, which in this disyllabic material are shortening and lengthening of the vowel in both syllable positions and that of consonants on both sides of the syllable boundary, were analysed from the original words in each syllable pattern. By far the most common and the most persistent deviation type is shortening of the vowel in the second syllable. Problems are typically faced with patterns that contain both short and long sound segments, especially those containing a consonant cluster at the syllable boundary. Words with evenly long, either short or long sound segments are the easiest ones to master. Shortening of the vowel in the first syllable is the next most common occurrence. Durational problems at the syllable boundary, the most common being the double-length consonant perceived as short, are a challenging group altogether. These changes are typically coupled so that on the basis of the perceptions, simultaneous shortening and lengthening of the sound sequences occur on both sides of the syllable boundary, resulting in perceptions that are perhaps furthest away from the intended utterance and thus hard to understand. The study underlines the importance of mastering the quantitative opposition in Finnish from the viewpoint of successful communication. On the basis of the findings of this study training material for those learning Finnish as a second language could be tailored to better serve the needs of native English speakers
Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa esitellään havaintoaineistoon perustuva tutkimus vaikeuksista, joita englanninkieliset suomenoppijat kohtaavat pyrkiessään tuottamaan rakenteeltaan suomen kielen mukaisia kaksitavuisia sanoja. Analyysin päätarkoitus oli selvittää, kuinka viesti muuttuu matkalla tekstistä lausumaksi ja lausumasta havainnoksi, ja sen jälkeen arvioida äidinkielenään suomea puhuvien kuuntelijoiden havaintojen perusteella, kuinka hyvin informantit onnistuivat tuotoksissaan. 70 sanan testiaineisto koostuu sanapareista, joissa on oikeita kaksitavuisia suomen kielen sanoja ja rakenteeltaan samanlaisia hölynpölysanoja satunnaisessa järjestyksessä. Merkitykselliset sanat laadittiin siten, että ennustettava kvantiteetin poikkeama tuottaisi niiden kanssa minimiparin. Kaikki yhdeksän informanttia lausuivat sanat äänieristetyssä studiossa, heidän tuotoksensa tallennettiin, ja tallenteet esitettiin lukioluokan oppilaista koostuville kuulijaryhmille. Heidän välittömät kirjalliset havaintonsa, 14350 yksittäistä näytettä, syötettiin analysoitavaksi tätä tarkoitusta varten räätälöityyn relaatiotietokantaan. Havaintoaineistoa analysoitiin kahdesta näkökulmasta, yhtäältä tarkastellen kvantitatiivisia poikkeamia kussakin tavurakenteessa ja toisaalta kunkin informantin vastaavia yksilöllisiä piirteitä tehden huomioita myös laadullisista poikkeamista. Tarvittaessa havaintojen analyysiä täydennettiin foneettisista mittauksista saaduilla tuloksilla. Analyysi kattoi kaikki mahdolliset kvantitatiiviset poikkeamatyypit, joita tällaisessa aineistossa voivat olla vokaalin piteneminen tai lyheneminen kummassakin tavussa tai konsonantin piteneminen tai lyheneminen tavunrajalla. Selkeästi yleisin ja sitkein poikkeamatyyppi aineistossa on toisen tavun vokaalin lyheneminen. Eniten tätä esiintyy tavurakenteissa, joissa on sekä lyhyitä että pitkiä äännesegmenttejä, ja eritoten silloin, kun tavunrajalla on konsonanttiklusteri. Helpoimpia tuottaa ovat sellaiset sanat, joissa kaikki segmentit ovat joko pitkiä tai lyhyitä. Toiseksi yleisin poikkeamatyyppi on ensitavun pitkän vokaalin lyheneminen. Erilaiset tavunrajan kestopoikkeamat, yleisimpänä niistä kaksoiskonsonantin havaitseminen lyhyenä, ovat kokonaisuudessaan haastava ryhmä. Nämä muutokset liittyvät tyypillisesti yhteen niin, että tavunrajalla tapahtuu samanaikaisesti sekä äännesegmenttien lyhenemistä että pitenemistä, mikä johtaa havaintoihin, jotka ovat kenties kauimpana alkuperäisestä tarkoitteestaan ja siten vaikeita ymmärtää. Tutkimus korostaa suomen kvantiteettiopposition hallinnan merkitystä kommunikaation sujuvuuden kannalta. Tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää koulutusmateriaalin laadinnassa äidinkielenään englantia puhuville suomen kielen oppijoille
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Alexander, Justin Matthew. "Meditations upon durations." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/alexander/AlexanderJ1207.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Durational"

1

Walsh, Michael. Durational Cinema. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76092-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kempfle, Winfried. Duration. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99050-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Chaochen, Zhou, and Michael R. Hansen. Duration Calculus. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06784-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Rodefer, Stephen. Passing duration. Providence: Burning Deck, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Böheim, René. Austrian unemployment durations. Colchester: ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bover, Olympia. Unemployment duration, benefit duration, and the business cycle. Spain: Banco de España, Servicio de Estudios, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Jacobsen, Eve Porter. For the duration. Raleigh: Pentland Press, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Artin, Michael, Reinhold Remmert, and Hanspeter Kraft, eds. Duration and Change. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78502-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Library of Congress. Copyright Office. Section 202.17: [section] 202.17, 37 C.F.R. : renewals. Washington, D.C: Copyright Office, Library of Congress, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Library of Congress. Copyright Office. Antedated notice. [Washington, D.C: Copyright Office, Library of Congress, 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Durational"

1

Taylor, Diana. "Trauma as Durational Performance." In The Rise of Performance Studies, 237–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230306059_18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Laroussinie, François, and Jeremy Sproston. "Model Checking Durational Probabilistic Systems." In Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, 140–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31982-5_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Turk, Alice. "Durational effects of phrasal stress." In Above and Beyond the Segments, 311–22. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.189.25tur.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Laroussinie, François, Nicolas Markey, and Philippe Schnoebelen. "On Model Checking Durational Kripke Structures." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 264–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45931-6_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Walsh, Michael. "Lav Diaz and the Durational Sublime." In Experimental Film and Artists’ Moving Image, 203–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76092-2_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Walsh, Michael. "Chantal Akerman 1: A Durational City Symphony." In Experimental Film and Artists’ Moving Image, 87–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76092-2_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Saltarelli, Mario. "Durational Asymmetries and the Theory of Quantity." In Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 219–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.270.13sal.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bulgakova, Elena, Aleksei Sholohov, Natalia Tomashenko, and Yuri Matveev. "Speaker Verification Using Spectral and Durational Segmental Characteristics." In Speech and Computer, 397–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23132-7_49.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Fecher, Harald. "The Influence of Durational Actions on Time Equivalences." In Formal Techniques, Modelling and Analysis of Timed and Fault-Tolerant Systems, 231–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30206-3_17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kanth, B. Lakshmi, Venkatesh Keri, and Kishore S. Prahallad. "Durational Characteristics of Indian Phonemes for Language Discrimination." In Information Systems for Indian Languages, 130–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19403-0_21.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Durational"

1

Windmann, Andreas, Juraj Šimko, Britta Wrede, and Petra Wagner. "Modeling durational incompressibility." In Interspeech 2013. ISCA: ISCA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-362.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ajmera, Jitendra, and Florian Metze. "Spotting using Durational Entropy." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2007.367234.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hamar, Jarle Bauck, Rama Sanand Doddipatla, Torbjorn Svendsen, and Thippur Sreenivas. "Non-negative durational HMM." In 2013 IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsp.2013.6661976.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Grover, Cynthia, and Jacques Terken. "Rhythmic constraints in durational control." In 3rd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1994). ISCA: ISCA, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1994-94.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Toth, Arthur, and Alan W. Black. "Incorporating durational modification in voice transformation." In Interspeech 2008. ISCA: ISCA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-335.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Shrotriya, Nisheeth, Rajesh Verma, Sunil K. Gupta, and S. S. Agrawal. "Durational characterstics of hindi consonant clusters." In 4th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1996). ISCA: ISCA, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1996-609.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Samudravijaya, K. "Durational characteristics of hindi stop consonants." In 8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 2003). ISCA: ISCA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.2003-56.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Schuppler, Barbara, Emil Berger, Xenia Kogler, and Franz Pernkopf. "Homophone Disambiguation Profits from Durational Information." In Interspeech 2022. ISCA: ISCA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2022-10109.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Garassino, Davide, and Francesco Cangemi. ""No duration without intonation": The interplay of lexical and post-lexical durational differences." In 10th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2020-18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bilmes, Jeff, Nelson Morgan, Su-Lin Wu, and Hervé Bourlard. "Stochastic perceptual speech models with durational dependence." In 4th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1996). ISCA: ISCA, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1996-333.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Durational"

1

Thornton, Michael D. Construction Contract Durations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada196586.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Brown, Bill. Long Duration Flight Telemetry. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library. Digital Press, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ahac.8318.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Payne, Krista. Median Duration of Marriages. National Center for Family and Marriage Research, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-20-16.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Rich, Robert, and Joseph Tracy. Uncertainty and Labor Contract Durations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7731.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

de Paula, Áureo, and Bo E. Honoré. Interdependent durations in joint retirement. Institute for Fiscal Studies, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2013.0513.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

de Paula, Áureo, and Bo E. Honoré. Interdependent durations in joint retirement. Institute for Fiscal Studies, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2014.0814.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Panagopoulos, Costas. Campaign Duration and Election Outcomes. Librello, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12924/pag2013.01010066.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Vaudreuil, G., and G. Parsons. Content Duration MIME Header Definition. RFC Editor, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2424.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Vaudreuil, G., and G. Parsons. Content Duration MIME Header Definition. RFC Editor, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3803.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Harchol-Balter, Mor. Task Assignment With Unknown Duration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368426.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Durational' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography