Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Durkheim, Émile, Sociologie'
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Plouviez, Mélanie. "Normes et normativité dans la sociologie d'Émile Durkheim." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010713.
Full textMorin, Dominique. "Émile Durkheim et Marcel Mauss." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17856.
Full textBetween the end of the nineteenth century and the Second World War, science has been shaken by criticism which aimed at experimental logic and determinism. Both principles structured and justified research on the laws of nature. These events have provoked a general movement in the reorganisation of research, in the revision of its objectives and its methods, as well as the practical intentions of science and its meaning. This study evaluates the contribution of this episode in the history of science through the changes in the sociology of Émile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss. While taking into consideration other scientific projects, this case study provides more general reflections on the progress of science and the moral purpose of contemporary research.
Tarot, Camille Caillé Alain. "De Durkheim à Mauss, l'invention du symbolique sociologie et sciences des religions /." Paris : Bagneux : Ed. La Découverte : M.A.U.S.S. ; Numilog, 1999. http://www.numilog.com/bibliotheque/u-cergy/fiche_livre.asp?idprod=51346.
Full textTarot, Camille. "Symbolisme et tradition : pour renouer avec une sociologie générale de la religion (Durkheim et Mauss)." Caen, 1994. http://www.numilog.com/bibliotheque/u-bourgogne/fiche_livre.asp?idprod=51346.
Full textTwo parts: basic notions or general problems and cases studies. The first one looks for a definition of religion, after having shown why usual definitions of religion by the sacred fall short. Two chapters respectively on Durkheim and Mauss explore another possibility to define religion as traditional management of symbolic function. Three case-studies test the relevance of the definition. The first one sketches an anthropological approach of Christian grace as compared with maussian theory of gift, the second deals with the difficulties os Islam with the modern view of citizenship and the last one with indigenisation of nation in recent nationalist hinduism
Zweifel, Roger. "Le politique chez Émile Durkheim et Max Weber." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010554.
Full textThis work compares the meaning of politics in the sociology of Émile Durkheim and in the sociology of Max Weber. We consider politics, here, as a criterium allowing to evaluate how sociology can approach the basic problems of modems societies. A precise study is made on each of these authors, concerning the conception of science and of scientist, the definition of sociology, its main concepts and methods, and the relation with philosophy and ethics. This study shows that: 1) The sociology of Durkheim determines politics as a general function of society. So, the study of political life (specially struggles) and political institution will be forsaken in favour of a theoretical analysis of institutions which are demanded, according to durkheim, by health of modem societies. 2) The comprehensive sociology of Weber, insisting on omnipresence of struggles, defines politics as an essential dimension of man's social life, and comes to the necessity of a sociological study of political life and political institutions. This fundamental difference in the conception and the treatment of politics appears as flowing from main choices on the basic concepts which frame social science
Min, Moon-Hong. "La sociologie durkheimienne face au socialisme, au syndicalisme et au catholicisme social." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040076.
Full textIn our thesis, we attempted of clarify some ambiguous points of the durkheimian theory of socialism and syndicalism with special emphasis on the historical conditions and intellectual milieu of the development of this durkheimian sociological theory. For the strategical means, we have thought that it is necessary to take into consideration the social theories of four classical authors - saint-Simon, Auguste Comte, Marcel Mauss and Georges Sorel - on this theme; and also the two important intellectual movements at this period, which are the social economy movement and the solidarist movement. In doing so, we have endeavoured to emphasize the importance of sociological analyses of three important authors of social catholicism - f. Le play, la tour du pin and Albert de Mun - as a necessary intellectual factor to consider for the exact comprehension of the historical and ideological context of the emergence of the durkheimian theory of socialism. This movement of social catholicism is especially important not only to better grasp the originality and the limits of the durkheimian sociological analysis, but also to better understand the durkheimian attachment for his corporative social
Beriain, Josetxo. "Representaciones colectivas y proyecto de modernidad /." Barcelona : Anthropos, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35516181p.
Full textYamashita, Masayuki. "La sociologie française entre Auguste Comte et Emile Durkheim : le conflit entre la science et la morale." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040322.
Full textThe french sociology was created by auguste comte, and inherited and definitely founded by emile durkheim. But the latter was bord after the death of the former, and the theoretical continuity between them is not so obvious. We must therefore find some sociologists that can fill the gap between these two giants. We want to study the development of the post-comtian sociology among his disciples. The tendancy of pure scientific concern is represented by emile littre and his revue philosophie positive, and the religious or moral aspect of comtian positivism is faithfully taken over by pierre laffitte with the revue occidentale. In the first group, guarin de vitry has made great theoretical strides with his notion of consensus collective, which presages the durkheimian sociology
LEFEBVRE, FREDERIC. "La montre et l'univers : metaphores et modeles de la societe (de j.-j. rousseau a d. durkheim)." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070028.
Full textSociological metaphors (society as an organism, a machine, a theatre, etc. ) were sometimes used as models : thus the dramatic progress of both watch-making and astronomy in the mid-18th century inspired philosophers when trying to found a science of the "social system". J. - j. Rousseau's social contract (1762) follows the pattern of a watch (regulator, wheels, mail spring) to arrange his notions of "sovereignty", "government" and "state" in a "machine" which the "legislator", as a watch-maker of the time, will only design, leaving it to the others to assemble it. In the same way, adam smith's theory of moral sentiments (1759) uses "sympathy" as newton used "attraction" : the "agent", the "object" and the "spectator", engaged in a kind of "conversation" based on the "suitable" expression of passions, view each other in a "perspective" somewhat similar to the system of earth, moon, and sun, where the "impartial spectator" plays the part of the invisible "center of gravity". However, in the 19th century, sociologists like e. Durkheim were deceived by a renewed scientific environment and a conquering biology, and lost the ability of telling the metaphor from the model, when reading their 18th century predecessors
Takács, Erzsébet. "Közös kaland ? : a szociológia és a történelem(tudomány) viszonya a XX : századi franciaországban." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0109.
Full textMy dissertation focuses on the relationship of French sociology and historiography. The exposition begins with the controversy between Émile Durkheim and his contemporary historians. Then I deal with the epoch-making debates and disputes in both academic disciplines. All this takes place with an analysis of methodological-theoretical problems, not of actual researches. The dissertation concentrates in the first instance on the works of Émile Durkheim, Charles Seignobos, François Simiand, Raymond Aron, George Gurvitch, Ferdinand Braudel, Pierre Bourdieu, Jean-Claude Passeron, Robert Castel and Luc Boltanski
Dolgozatom a francia szociológia és történettudomány viszonyával foglalkozik. Az ismertetést Émile Durkheim és kortárs történész vitapartnerei történetével indítom, majd a diszciplínák egy-egy korszakot meghatározó áramlatai között kibontakozó vitákra, eszmecserékre összpontosítok. Mindezt módszertani-elméleti problémák vizsgálatával, nem pedig tényleges kutatások elemzésével teszem. Doktori dolgozatom Émile Durkheim, Charles Seignobos, François Simiand, Raymond Aron, George Gurvitch, Ferdinand Braudel, Pierre Bourdieu, Jean-Claude Passeron, Robert Castel és Luc Boltanski munkásságára koncentrált (természetesen számos más kortárs szerepeltetésével)
Mergy, Jennifer. "Nations et nationalismes : Durkheim et le durkheimiens de la question de l'Alsace-Lorraine à la Société des Nations." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090017.
Full textHombres, Emmanuel d' Michel Jacques. "Une "société d'individus" généalogie de la problématique de l'intégration /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/dhombres_e.
Full textDechoz, Jacques. "Les rites du suicide." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010543.
Full textPark, Jung Ho. "Étude des perspectives de Durkheim, de Weber et de Mauss sur la notion de salut : du mana au salut par la transformation du don." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100072.
Full textThe analysis of the role and status occupied by the notion of religious salvation in the works of Durkheim, Weber and Mauss gives us the opportunity to clarify their differences on the development of sociological concepts necessary to understand the religion. The concepts of mana and gift, analysed in depth by Mauss, are essential elements of explanation for thematizing the phenomena of religious salvation. In our thesis, we try to show that these concepts can be used to resolve some difficulties of Durkheim’s sociology in its understanding of the genesis and development of these phenomena. These concepts are also fundamental to reinterpret some of the central subjects of Weber’s sociology of religions
Hirsch, Thomas. "Le temps social : conceptions sociologiques du temps et représentations de l’histoire dans les sciences de l’homme en France (1901-1945)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0081.
Full textTime representations vary from one Society to another, in space and in history. The present thesis aims to establish the history of this very idea in French social sciences between 1901 and 1945. How can its birth in the columns of l’Année sociologique be explained ? How was the idea then accepted and transformed by sociologists, psychologists, historians or ethnologists such as Marcel Mauss, Maurice Halbwachs, Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, Marcel Granet, Charles Blondel, Maurice Leenhardt, Jacques Soustelle, Lucien Febvre and Marc Bloch - amongst others? The close attention given to the intellectual controversies in which the idea of "social time" was elaborated enables to go across some of the most intense debates in French university along the first decades of the XXth century, such as the competition between sociologies around 1900, the debate between sociologists and historians known as the "débat de 1903", the connections between durkheimian sociology and psychology, philosophy, history and ethnology during the interwar period. Observing the interrelation between sociological conceptions of time and representations of history in a long crisis of the goddess of "Progress", this work questions the process of "socialization" of the human arts and sciences : how the "social" became a way of understanding and explaining history as well as individuals
Bédard, Mélanie. "La famille et l'école : entre le particulier et l'universel : les conceptions de Condorcet, Hegel, Durkheim, Parsons et Bourdieu et Passeron." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21211/21211.pdf.
Full textThis study examines how Condorcet, Hegel, Durkheim, Parsons, Bourdieu and Passeron perceive the roles of both the family and the school with regard to upbringing. Since the French Revolution, these perceptions have greatly evolved. We refer to these authors since they clearly represent the context of this evolution. Although these perceptions have inherited principles originating from the Enlightenment, they vary according to the relationship with society and the intentions by which they are guided. Universal happiness, which has an impact on the freedom of the growing individual, becomes less and less abstract. In the end, this ideal is almost surpassed by the freedom of personal happiness, which still depends today on success in school, as it is a generally accepted requirement. The responsibility of each individual is amplified, because, ever since unequal social structures have been highly criticized, social order shall no longer be based upon class determination.
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Mohamed, Ali. "Genèse et crise de la sociologie : étude sur l’épistémologie de Raymond Boudon." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19983.
Full textMorin, Dominique. "Esprit, origines et fondation de la sociologie positive : Penser la liberté de l'homme en société dans la nature et l'histoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27704/27704.pdf.
Full textIn the perspective of researchers developing a science, the foundation is presented as the imaginary solution to four enigmas regarding the unity and progress of their work: 1- Its foundation is the stable source of the principles of a science that remain throughout its development. 2- It provides a common finality of the individual developments of its research. 3- It contrasts from previous schools of thought by defining the project of an original and more desirable one. 4- It introduces the distinctive characteristics of a research, emphasizing that the knowledge it brings is worth it. In sociology, there is general agreement about sociology having a beginning, only no one agrees on the works that make it, nor the time it all started. By comparing the works of Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim with other works since Aristotle, we explore those four enigmas and even a fifth one that is specific to sociology: 5- The foundation of sociology initiates an organisation of research that is incompatible with the kuhnian model of normal science.
Ono, Kotaro. "Les trois étapes de la pensée morale : Bergson et le débat sur la science des moeurs." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H233.
Full textReleased in 1932, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (The two sources) is Henri Bergson's last major work. There are many works devoted to the confrontation of his moral and social philosophy with Émile Durkheim's sociology. But these works don't explore his "mobilism" in The two sources. Reality is mobile. This is a recurring idea in his work from his Time and Free Will: An Essay on the lmmediate Data of Consciousness (published in 1889) to The two sources, where he asserts that open morality is mobility. Mobilism is essential to his moral philosophy. From this perspective, we propose to determine Bergson's position regarding the debate on the science of morals aroused by the work of Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (1903), Ethics and Morale science (La morale et la science des mœurs) in the year 1900. In this work, Lévy-Bruhl, inspired by Auguste Comte and Durkheim, seeks to establish an objective science of moral reality (which he called "science of morals") by adopting the sociological method, but by removing the "theoretical ethics", which don't observe morale reality, such as theological, utilitarian and Kantian ethics. If we locate The two sources in this historical context, Bergson's moral philosophy might appear as the third stage of moral thought, in relation to the first stage (theoretical ethics) and the second stage (science of morals). If such is the case, this third stage might be called "mobilism", which advances the research of moral reality? This is the assumption that this dissertation is investigating
Pemjean, Letelier Jorge Andrés. "Vers une compréhension post-ontologique du social - Les défis posés par le débat Luhmann – Habermas." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25318.
Full textCe travail de maîtrise a pour but de confronter les théories sociales de Niklas Luhmann et de Jürgen Habermas, afin d’éclairer les défis que le monde contemporain pose à la pensée philosophique. À la suite d’un examen approfondi, qui nous mènera à revisiter les traditions classique (Weber et Durkheim) et moderne (Parsons) de la sociologie, il sera possible de mettre en évidence les implications qui s’ensuivent pour les concepts de société, de rationalité et de normativité. Plutôt que de prendre parti pour l’une des théories en question, nous décèlerons leur signification philosophique en exposant la manière dont elles abordent le phénomène de la complexité. Nous discutons enfin de la place qu’occupe l’humanisme au sein de la théorie sociale contemporaine.
This M.A. thesis compares the social theories of Niklas Luhmann and Jürgen Habermas. Its main goal is to cast light upon the problems that philosophical thinking encounters in its attempt to understand modern society. The Luhmann-Habermas debate is presented from a comparative perspective, which will then lead into key problems of both classical (Weber and Durkheim) and modern (Parsons) traditions of sociology. It is our contention that this debate reveals two alternative standpoints from which the concepts of society, rationality, and normativity can be conceived. Instead of endorsing one theory or the other, this thesis would rather display their philosophical significance by addressing the manner in which they deal with complexity. Finally, the place of humanism within contemporary social theory is examined.
Marcel, Jean-Christophe. "Les avatars de l'héritage durkheimien : une histoire de la sociologie en France (1920-1958)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010540.
Full textThe destiny of Durkheim's sociology after his death is not the inevitable decline some described and blamed as the result of the lack of intellectual inactivity of collaborators, busy to relentlessly defend the frail since more and more controversial position of their sociology, both from the intellectual and institutionnal point of view. The examples of Mauss, Simiand Halbwachs and Bougle prove that sociology evolved between world war I and world war II. These authors, each in his own ways, pave the way for a "collective psychology" which suppresses the hiatus Durkheim had set between the individual and society, by observing the collective psychical states shared by individuals in certain situations. However this attempt at reviewing concepts remains uncompleted. That is why the second world war may not be the break - marked by the end of durkheimism and the need to rebuild french sociology - it has often been assimilated to. Eager to face the issues of European reconstruction, criticized by a commited philosophy which denies their discipline the status of a science, impressed by an empirical social science from across the atlantic standing as a new model for research, authors such as Gurvitch, Friedmann, Stoetzel, although willing to build a new and more empirical sociology able to better comprehend the experienced meaning of human behaviours, are led to defend a French conception of their discipline. Then, they all keep an epistemological position, which somewhat reminds of the durkheimian rationalism, since it tries to put individual thougts and behaviours back in the whole society in order to understand them. In this content, the works the durkheimians started a decade ago, raising these issues for the first time, remain up to date until the end of the fifties
Hombres, Emmanuel d'. "Une "société d'individus" : généalogie de la problématique de l'intégration." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/dhombres_e.
Full textIn the most general sense, the question of the relationships between the whole and the part has been a recurrent problem in biological philosophy as well as in social and political philosophy. The naturalists did not rest until they resolved this difficulty by assimilating the organic part to an instrument, and its activity to a function – that is to say a use destined to the realization of the whole's purposes. Nevertheless, from the second third of the 19th century onwards, at a time when the cell was being admitted progressively to the rank of fundamental and unique constituent of the body, it has appeared more and more clearly that the problem must be formulated in terms which henceforth forbid to resort to the traditional solution. How to make the idea of a whole irreducible to a simple total compatible with the view that its component parts have got in themselves their own purposes ; in other words, that they are individuals ? We here intend to retrace the history of this crisis and its outcome : i. E. , the laborious formation of concepts whose coordination within the Bernardian Theory has allowed an understanding of the living being's organization, which is compatible with the new postulate of the anatomical parts' individuality. After all, as we shall see, this comprehension is of interest to the sociologist. When it comes to drawing the distinctive characteristics of the organization of modern societies, it indeed brings him to adopt an approach of the relationship between the whole and the part that is quite identical to the one which has been imposed upon the biologist since the affirmation of the Cell Theory
Marsalek, Jan. "De la disparition d'une méthode : l'analyse entre philosophies du contrat social et sociologies classiques. Étude d'épistémologie." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1012/document.
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Dhermy-Mairal, Marine. "Les sciences sociales et l'action au Bureau international du travail (1920-1939)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0118.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation is about the history of scientific practices at the International Labor Organization between 1920 and 1939. They are considered as a moment of convergence between both scientific and political concerns, aimed at establishing an international moral that would be based on social sciences. We set the general organization of research at ILO, tracked civil servants and scientists trajectories, analyzed their discourses on science and scientificity. We then turned more particularly on an epistemological and political study of the "Enquiry on production", with a special focus on scientific collaborations which helped leading the enquiry. These activities are deepened through a history of statistical thinking and social sciences. On the one hand, we paid a sustained attention to the intellectual and scientific contribution to ILO's work of four disciples of the French sociologist Emile Durkheim. On the other hand, and conversely, we also looked at the moral role that was attributed to ILO by these scientists within their intellectual durkheimian's framework. This peculiar moment of interaction between science and action allows us to write a unique story which intertwines a history of administrative savoir-faire with a history of social sciences in the interwar
Bélanger, Pierre L. "La construction sociale de l’individu chez Tarde et Durkheim." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4643.
Full textThe sociological tradition generally opposes two theses: individualism and holism. The individualist wants to explain society through the actions of its actors. It has been upheld by the German tradition with Max Weber at its head. On the other hand, the holist thesis tries to explain society from above through social facts. The French sociology is central here with Emile Durkheim as its forefather. Despite this antagonism, some French authors have felt the need to reintroduce a forgotten figure from their past: Gabriel Tarde. German sociology already embodied the individualistic view, why then revitalize an old adversary of Durkheim? The working hypothesis was that Tarde might have some very good and different insight on the definition of what the individual needed to be. The comparative study of Tarde’s and Durkheim’s work demonstrates that it isn’t so. They share the same basic common sense definition of the notion of individual. Their opposition was based on some interpretation of statistical theory for sociology. This conclusion points toward the possibility that this notion is the basis for the theorization of sociology which might be a major source of its explanatory problems.
Pizarro, Noël François. "Du désaveu du social à la présentation nominaliste : le mouvement de la réception de Durkheim (1893-1939)." Thèse, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3116/1/D1859.pdf.
Full textMaršálek, Jan. "Teorie společenské smlouvy a klasická sociologie: studie z epistemologie." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340278.
Full textThibodeau, Lise. "Mortalité par suicide au Canada depuis le début du XXe siècle : perspectives sociodémographiques et macroéconomiques." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12329.
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