Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dust explosions – Mathematical models

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Dust explosions – Mathematical models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Dust explosions – Mathematical models"

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Rinkeviciene, Roma, Algimantas Juozas Poška, and Alvydas Slepikas. "Dynamics of Dust Explosion Localizing System." Solid State Phenomena 164 (June 2010): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.164.79.

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The problem of dust explosion in corn processing enterprises is analyzed. System for localizing of dust explosions with dampers driven by linear induction motors (LIM) is considered. The paper presents the developed mathematical and computer models of a damper drive together with results of simulations.
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Kosinski, Pawel, and Alex C. Hoffmann. "Dust explosions in connected vessels: Mathematical modelling." Powder Technology 155, no. 2 (July 2005): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2005.05.052.

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Kosinski, P., and A. C. Hoffmann. "Mathematical modelling of dust explosions in interconnected vessels." Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 63, no. 5-7 (November 2005): e1087-e1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2004.12.020.

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Kosinski, P., R. Klemens, and P. Wolanski. "Potential of mathematical modelling in large-scale dust explosions." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 12, no. 7 (August 2002): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020275.

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Maier, Patrick, Philipp Hartlieb, and Jürgen F. Brune. "Laboratory Scaled Coal Dust Explosions and Physical Test Results for CFD Explosion Models." BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte 165, no. 6 (April 22, 2020): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00501-020-00985-0.

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Sherzod, Zairov, Khudaiberdiev Oibek, Normatova Muborak Zh., and Nomdorov Rustam. "Developing the methods of controlling dust and gas conditions when blasting high benches in deep pits." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, no. 4 (June 25, 2020): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-4-113-121.

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Research aim is to develop a method of reducing dust and gas emissions concentration at bulk explosions in open pits. Research relevance. When drilling and blasting in open pits, a huge amount of dust and toxic gaseous products is released, and the rate of their formation is affected by the blasting method, the range of explosives used, the method of drilling blast holes, type and sort of stemming, massif water content, rock properties, meteorological conditions, etc. It has been established that in an explosion of 1 kg of explosives, 15% from an average of 900 liters of various gases and gaseous products formed are toxic and dangerous to humans and the environment. To prevent dust and gas emissions, various types of tamping are currently used, which affect not only emissions reduction, but also the efficiency and safety of blasting contributing to the fullest use of explosion energy and increasing the exposure time of the products of explosive 120 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 4. 2020 ISSN 0536-1028 transformation. Despite the significant amount of research and successes achieved in this direction, for deep pits it is necessary to determine the rational parameters of stemming in borehole explosive charges, reduce the formation of toxic gases released in bulk explosions, develop a method of producing an absorption solution capable of neutralizing toxic compounds after an explosion, and develop an effective way to reduce dust and gas emissions in bulk explosions. Research methodology. To solve this problem, integrated research methods were used, including theoretical generalizations and experimental studies in laboratory, testing ground and industrial conditions, methods of mathematical modeling of stemming parameters in borehole explosive charges, methods of mathematical programming using modern computer equipment, as well as methods of mathematical statistics and correlation analysis of research results. Results. Detonation products pressure change in the well has been determined taking into account motion processes of sand and absorbing mixture stemming of various lengths. It has been established that when using stemming made of absorbing mixture, detonation products pressure and escape time are higher compared to sand stemming. The effective stemming length in borehole explosive charges has been established depending on well pressure fall time and stemming length in different sections of the well. Mathematical modeling of stemming parameters in the explosion of borehole explosive charges established the change in pressure in the blast chamber as a function of stemming time and length during its escape from the well, as well as the of stemming escape duration and expiration of detonation products during emulsion explosive blast depending on stemming length. A method has been developed of dust and gas atmospheric pollution parameters determination during the production of bulk explosions in deep pits, An absorption mixture has been developed, which makes it possible to intensify the process of dust deposition above the explosion site and reduce pollution of the surrounding quarry, which favorably affects the environmental situation in the mining region. A method has been developed to reduce dust and gas emissions during blasting operations in open pits, which allows to reduce the concentration of dust and gas clouds formed. Scope of the results. A method of suppressing dust and gas emissions has been introduced at the Muruntau open pit of the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combinat. As a result, the process of dust deposition above the explosion site has been intensified, pollution of the surrounding open pit area has been reduced, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide has been reduced by 30.1%, carbon monoxide by 28.6% and sulfur dioxide by 20.5%. The results can be used in quarries where rock crushing is carried out using a blasting method
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Kozubková, M., J. Krutil, and V. Nevrlý. "Experiments and mathematical models of methane flames and explosions in a complex geometry." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 50, no. 4 (July 2014): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010508214040029.

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FRYER, CHRIS L., AIMEE L. HUNGERFORD, and GABRIEL ROCKEFELLER. "SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS: UNDERSTANDING MIXING." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 06 (June 2007): 941–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807010523.

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It has been known since 1987 that many features of supernovae cannot be described by the spherically-symmetric picture assumed in one-dimensional explosion models. However, the study of the propagation of a supernova shock through a star in more than one spatial dimension is still in its infancy. Understanding this propagation, and the mixing associated with it, is critical for determining accurate supernova yields and correctly interpreting observations based on those yields — from gamma-rays and overall light curves produced in supernova explosions to the abundances of isotopes studied in stars. Here we review the current state-of-the-art in this field. By necessity, this problem is computational and therefore provides an ideal setting to discuss how verification and validation techniques can play an important role in taking full advantage of the results from numerical simulations. We discuss this problem using the full arsenal of verification and validation techniques currently available.
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PAULUCCI, L., and J. E. HORVATH. "NU-PROCESS IN EXOTIC MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 08n10 (August 2010): 1731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810017238.

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The exact physical conditions generating the abundances of r-elements in environments such as supernovae explosions are still under debate. We evaluated the characteristics expected for the neutrino wind in the proposed model of type-II supernova driven by conversion of nuclear matter to strange matter. Neutrinos will change the final abundance of elements after freeze out of r-process nucleosynthesis, specially those close to mass peaks.
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KOSAREV, Nikolay Petrovich, Vladimir Nikolaevich MAKAROV, Aleksandr Vladimirovich UGOL'NIKOV, Nikolay Vladimirovich MAKAROV, and German Petrovich DYLDIN. "Mine aerology of dust aerosols under conditions of hydro-vortex coagulation." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2020-4-155-165.

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Dust suppression is the most popular method for depositing dust from the air to blast isolation. Improving the isolation system for probable coal dust explosions is an integral part of the problem of dust explosion protection of mining enterprises, the solution of which is one of the most important tasks in the field of occupational safety and health. Purpose: study of physics of the process and the construction of a mathematical model of the movement of aerosols in mine workings in a wide range of changes in the inertial kinematic parameters of the air flow. Research methods. Based on the Boussinesq equation, the Fourier rule and the similarity theorem of complex systems, the analogy of vorticity dispersion and kinematic viscosity, a mathematical model of the movement of dust aerosols under hydro-vortex coagulation conditions is constructed. Some similarity criteria are obtained that ensure the identity of experimental studies and real aerological processes in mines, as well as criterion equations for calculating the coefficient of aerodynamic drag and the time of unsteady inertial motion. Results. Equations are obtained that make it possible to identify aerodynamic processes of aerosol motion under hydro-cyclonic dust suppression through the criteria of Reynolds, Euler and Archimedes, corresponding to the overStokes and Stokes flow regimes. The possibility of reducing the aerodynamic resistance to 20% during hydro-vortex coagulation has been confirmed, which makes it possible to increase the energy efficiency of dust suppression by up to 15% and to increase the turbulization coefficient by at least 20%, thereby reducing the likelihood of a hazardous concentration of dust aerosols. Application. The use of the proposed mathematical model will make it possible to better calculate local aerological processes in mine workings and, as a consequence, to increase the efficiency of turbulization and dust suppression process control at mining enterprises.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dust explosions – Mathematical models"

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Ben, Moussa Rim. "Contribution to thermal radiation to dust flame propagation : application to aluminium dust explosions." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2401/document.

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Ces travaux de thèse sont consacrés à l’examen du rôle du rayonnement thermique dans le processus de propagation des flammes issues de la combustion des particules d’aluminium dans l’air. Le sujet étant complexe et d’un intérêt industriel, il nécessite de prendre en compte le couplage de nombreux phénomènes physico-chimiques afin de prédire finement les conséquences des explosions de poussières. Une analyse bibliographique approfondie est proposée, concernant les mécanismes d’inflammation et de combustion des particules d’aluminium et aussi concernant les connaissances relatives à la propagation des flammes de poussières. La question spécifique de la nature des échanges thermiques et de l’influence du rayonnement thermique est étudiée. La revue bibliographique souligne les approximations et les hypothèses simplificatrices utilisées dans la littérature permettant donc de définir les pistes d’améliorations. Compte tenu des limitations importantes concernant la physique de ces flammes, un outil de simulation de physique numérique nommé « RADIAN », proche de la simulation numérique directe, a été développé proposant un couplage fin entre les différents modes d’échanges thermiques et la combustion pour modéliser la propagation de la flamme dans un nuage de poussières. La méthode des éléments discrets (MED) est utilisée pour modéliser numériquement les échanges radiatifs entre les particules et les échanges conductifs entre gaz et particules. La méthode des différences finies est utilisée pour modéliser numériquement la conduction thermique dans la phase gazeuse et la combustion. Un modèle radiatif est proposé se basant sur la théorie de Mie sur les interactions rayonnement-particules. Les résultats des simulations sont comparés avec des solutions analytiques et des données expérimentales de la littérature. Mais en plus, une étude expérimentale est aussi conduite afin de mesurer la distribution du flux radiatif devant la flamme et la vitesse de combustion laminaire pour des flammes Méthane-Sic, Méthane-Alumine et Al-air. Un bon accord entre les simulations et les expériences est démontré. La loi de Beer-Lambert relative au transfert radiatif devant le front de flamme s’avère inapplicable et une nouvelle solution analytique est proposée. La présence de particules absorbantes du rayonnement promeut la propagation de la flamme. En particulier, il a été montré expérimentalement et confirmé numériquement que les mélanges riches d’AL-air sont susceptibles d’accélérer rapidement
In this thesis, the role of thermal radiation in aluminum-air flames propagation is studied. The subject being complex and of industrial interest, it requires the coupling of many physiochemical phenomena to accurately predict the consequences of dust explosions. A thorough literature review is proposed about the ignition and the combustion of aluminum particles and about the available theoretical models of dust flames propagation. The specific question of the nature of thermal exchanges and the influence of thermal radiation is studied. The bibliographic review underlines the simplifying assumptions and hypotheses used in the literature making possible the definition of improvement areas. Because of the limited amount of knowledge available to address these questions, a numerical tool “RADIAN” is developed enabling an accurate coupling between the different modes of heat exchange and combustion. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used to numerically model the radiative exchanges between particles and the gas-particle thermal conduction. The Finite Difference method is used to numerically model the thermal conduction through the gas phase and combustion. A radiative model based on Mie theory for radiation-particles interactions is incorporated. The results of the simulations are compared with available analytical solutions and experimental data. An original experimental study is also conducted to measure the distribution of irradiance ahead of the flame front and the laminar burning velocity for methane-air-Sic, methane-air-alumina and Al-air flames. A good agreement between numerical simulations and experiments is demonstrated. The Beer-Lambert’s law for radiative transfer in front of the flame front is found to be inapplicable and a new analytical solution is proposed. The presence of absorbing particles may promote the flame propagation. In particular, it is shown experimentally and confirmed theoretically/numerically that Al-air rich mixtures are likely to rapidly accelerate
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Hwang, Moonkyu. "Numerical modeling of the expansion phase of vapor explosions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16761.

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Snodgrass, Robert E. "Mitigation of hazards posed by explosions in underground electrical vaults." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19019.

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O'Sullivan, Mark George. "Warping, dust settling and dynamics of protoplanetary disks." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/782.

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Darmenov, Anton. "Developing and testing a coupled regional modeling system for establishing an integrated modeling and observational framework for dust aerosol." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28217.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Sokolik, Irina; Committee Member: Curry, Judith; Committee Member: Kalashnikova, Olga; Committee Member: Nenes, Athanasios; Committee Member: Stieglitz, Marc.
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Chin, Chi-pang Henry, and 錢志鵬. "Receptor modelling of particulates pollution in Hong Kong by chemical mass balance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253696.

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Sidebottom, David Lee. "Measurement of the lower explosive limit of combustible dust clouds in a 20-litre spherical chamber." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27541.

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Cook, Patrick Michael. "The inhibition of coal-dust explosions with stone dust in a large scale explosion gallery." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22947.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering
Regulation 10.24 of the Minerals Act (1991) of the Republic of South Africa is applied for the purpose of preventing the development and propagation of coal-dust explosions in underground coal mines. ( Abbreviation abstract )
AC2017
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"On numerical studies of explosion and implosion in air." 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893009.

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Fu Sau-chung.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-71).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.iii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Background of Explosion and Implosion Problems --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Background of the Development of Numerical Schemes --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.5
Chapter 2 --- Governing Equations and Numerical Schemes --- p.6
Chapter 2.1 --- Governing Equations --- p.6
Chapter 2.2 --- Numerical Schemes --- p.8
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Splitting Scheme for Partial Differential Equations with Source Terms --- p.8
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Boundary Conditions --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.3 --- "Numerical Solvers for the ODEs - The Second-Order, Two-Stage Runge-Kutta Method" --- p.10
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Numerical Solvers for the Pure Advection Hyperbolic Problem - The Second-Order Relaxed Scheme --- p.11
Chapter 3 --- Numerical Results --- p.29
Chapter 3.1 --- Spherical Explosion Problem --- p.30
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Physical Description --- p.32
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Comparison with Previous Analytical and Experimental Results --- p.33
Chapter 3.2 --- Cylindrical Explosion Problem --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Physical Description --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Two-Dimensional Model --- p.49
Chapter 3.3 --- Spherical Implosion Problem --- p.52
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Physical Description --- p.52
Chapter 3.4 --- Cylindrical Implosion Problem --- p.53
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Physical Description --- p.53
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Two-Dimensional Model --- p.53
Chapter 4 --- Conclusion --- p.65
Bibliography --- p.68
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Books on the topic "Dust explosions – Mathematical models"

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Edwards, John C. Model of coal dust explosion suppression by rock dust entrainment. PGH. [i.e. Pittsburgh] Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1988.

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Edwards, John C. Model of coal dust explosion suppression by rock dust entrainment. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1988.

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Winges, Kirk D. User's guide for the fugitive dust model (FDM): Revised : user's instructions. Seattle, WA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991.

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Air pollution control engineering: Basic calculations for particulate collection. 2nd ed. New York: M. Dekker, 1988.

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Hydrodynamics of explosion: Experiments and models. Berlin: Springer, 2005.

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Edwards, John C. Thermal models of a flame arrester. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.

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Edwards, John C. Thermal models of a flame arrester. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.

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Leiber, Carl-Otto. Assessment of safety and risk with a microscopic model of detonation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003.

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Hassan, Ahmed E. Modeling groundwater flow and transport of radionuclides at Amchitka Island's underground nuclear tests : Milrow, Long Shot, and Cannikin. [Las Vegas, Nev.]: Desert Research Institute, 2002.

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Estimating the flammable mass of a vapor cloud. New York, N.Y: Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dust explosions – Mathematical models"

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Fedorov, A. V., V. M. Fomin, and T. A. Khmel. "Mathematical Modeling of Catastrophic Explosions of Dispersed Aluminum Dust." In Prevention of Hazardous Fires and Explosions, 287–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4712-5_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dust explosions – Mathematical models"

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Sussman, Roberto A. "Scalar averaging in Szekeres dust models." In IX MEXICAN SCHOOL ON GRAVITATION AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS: COSMOLOGY FOR THE XXIST CENTURY: Gravitation and Mathematical Physics Division of the Mexican Physical Society (DGFM-SMF). AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4817058.

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Bahoria, B. V., D. K. Parbat, P. B. Nagarnaik, and U. P. Waghe. "Development of Mathematical Models for Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Quarry Dust and Waste Plastic as Sand Replacement." In 2015 7th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (ICETET). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetet.2015.45.

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Culp, David B., and Xia Ma. "Modeling Fragmentation within Pagosa Using Particle Methods." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-085.

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Abstract The mechanics involved in shock physics often involves materials undergoing large deformations being subjected to high strain rates and temperature variations. When considering high-velocity impacts and explosions, metals experience plastic flow, dynamic failures and fragmentation that are often too complex for a Lagrangian method, such as the finite element method, to properly resolve. Conversely, Eulerian methods are simple to setup, but often result in numerical diffusion errors [1]. These unpleasantries can be skirted by using an alternative technique that incorporates a blend of these aforementioned methods. FLIP+MPM (FLuid Implicit Particle + Material Point Method) employs Lagrangian points to track state quantities associated with materials as strength, as well as conserved quantities, such as mass. Concurrently, an Eulerian grid is used to calculate gradient fields and incorporate an algorithm that carries out the hydrodynamics [2]. By incorporating the FLIP+MPM method into Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Pagosa hydrodynamics code, massively parallel architectures may be employed to solve such problems as those including fragmentation, plastic flow and fluid-structure interaction. This paper will begin with a mathematical description of the FLIP+MPM technique and describe how it fits into Pagosa. After a description of the implementation, the capabilities of this numerical technique are highlighted by simulating fragmentation as a result of high velocity impacts and explosions. Several strength and damage models will be exercised to demonstrate the code’s flexibility. Comparison of the different models’ fragment size distributions are given and discussed.
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Guo, Bing, Wasim Javed, Saadat Khan, Benjamin Figgis, and Talha Mirza. "Models for Prediction of Soiling-Caused Photovoltaic Power Output Degradation Based on Environmental Variables in Doha, Qatar." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59390.

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In a previous study, using field measurement data from the Qatar Foundation Solar Test Facility, the daily change in Cleanness Index (CI), a measure of PV performance ratio, corrected for temperature and normalized to a clean PV module, was correlated to environmental variables including airborne particulate matter concentration (PM10), wind speed (WS), and relative humidity (RH). A linear empirical equation between daily CI change and the daily average PM10, WS, RH was developed using Microsoft Excel®. However, the model was not extensively evaluated due to the small data set available then. In this study, a larger data set was used to fit the linear model for daily CI change and daily average values of PM10, WS, and RH. In addition, a semi-physical model was developed to take into account the non-linear mechanics of turbulent deposition, resuspension of deposited dust, and the effect of relative humidity on resuspension. The regression and solver functions of Microsoft Excel® was employed to fit the data. The R-squared values of the linear model and the semiphysical model are 0.0949 and 0.1774, respectively. The semi-physical model predicts the daily ΔCI slight more accurately than the linear model. However, for prediction of cumulative ΔCI over longer periods of time, the two models perform roughly the same. Overall, both models are able to predict the two-month ΔCI with an uncertainty of less than 16%. The results from this study suggest that it is possible to use mathematical models to calculate PV power output degradation in the Doha, Qatar area. This may be a significant step towards development of models that can be used for economic analysis of PV solar projects and plant maintenance.
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Kay, Peter J., Andrew P. Crayford, Philip J. Bowen, and James Luxford. "Flammability of High Flash Point Liquid Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69536.

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Current European Health and Safety Legislation was implemented to limit the chance of a serious explosion occurring in the workplace by highlighting potentially explosive atmospheres and ensuring that ignition sources are not present in these areas. Though hazardous area classification for gaseous and dust explosion hazards are well established, the same cannot be said for mists especially for high flash point liquids. However, a recent literature review of a range of (some fatal) incidents has shown that mist explosions are more common and the consequences more severe than previously anticipated. This work is, for example, applicable to the safe use of fuels and lubricants utilised in the gas turbine power generation and propulsion industries. Previous studies of jet breakup regimes and idealised flammability studies have indicated that low pressure releases (<10 bar) of low volatility fuels may still give rise to combustion hazards. Impingement of accidental releases onto surfaces has been shown to exacerbate the potential hazard, or broaden the range of hazardous release conditions. However, although a theoretical case can be made for generating flammable environments under moderate release conditions, very little evidence has been provided to bridge the gap between ‘idealised’ studies and full-scale incidents. The aim of this first programme of work is to start the process of bridging this gap, leading to well founded safety guidance. The test programme was conducted in a custom built spray chamber located in the Gas Turbine Research Centre (GTRC) of Cardiff University. The fuel was released at a predefined range of pressures of industrial relevance at atmospheric temperature. Igniters were positioned at three downstream locations and the continuous electrical discharge had an energy no greater than 4 mJ. Tests were conducted for ‘free sprays’ where the spray was directed along the length of the chamber, and for impinging sprays where the spray was aligned to impinge normal to a flat un-heated surface. Gas oil (flash point > 61 °C) ignited as a free jet at a working pressure consistent with previous hypotheses. However, when the jet impinged on a solid surface then the resulting spray could be ignited at considerably lower delivery pressures. Although the impingement process is complex, the data will be discussed in light of contemporary models that predict initial jet/spray characteristics along with post-impingement characteristics. This paper presents a first step towards consolidating previous studies and improving future safety guidelines concerned with the risk posed by the flammability of accidental releases of pressurised high flashpoint fuels.
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Tan, X. G., Andrzej J. Przekwas, Gregory Rule, Kaushik Iyer, Kyle Ott, and Andrew Merkle. "Modeling Articulated Human Body Dynamics Under a Representative Blast Loading." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64331.

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Blast waves resulting from both industrial explosions and terrorist attacks cause devastating effects to exposed humans and structures. Blast related injuries are frequently reported in the international news and are of great interest to agencies involved in military and civilian protection. Mathematical models of explosion blast interaction with structures and humans can provide valuable input in the design of protective structures and practices, in injury diagnostics and forensics. Accurate simulation of blast wave interaction with a human body and the human body biodynamic response to the blast loading is very challenging and to the best of our knowledge has not been reported yet. A high-fidelity computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is required to capture the reflections, diffractions, areas of stagnation, and other effects when the shock and blast waves respond to an object placed in the field. In this effort we simulated a representative free field blast event with a standing human exposed to the threat using the Second Order Hydrodynamic Automatic Mesh Refinement Code (SHAMRC). During the CFD analysis the pressure time history around the human body is calculated, along with the fragment loads. Subsequently these blast loads are applied to a fully articulated human body using the multi-physics code CoBi. In CoBi we developed a novel computational model for the articulated human body dynamics by utilizing the anatomical geometry of human body. The articulated human body dynamics are computed by an implicit multi-body solver which ensures the unconditional stability and guarantees the quadratic rate of convergence. The developed solver enforces the kinematic constraints well while imposing no limitation on the time step size. The main advantage of the model is the anatomical surface representation of a human body which can accurately account for both the surface loading and the surface interaction. The inertial properties are calculated using a finite element method. We also developed an efficient interface to apply the blast wave loading on the human body surface. The numerical results show that the developed model is capable of reasonably predicting the human body dynamics and can be used to study the primary injury mechanism. We also demonstrate that the human body response is affected by many factors such as human inertia properties, contact damping and the coefficient of friction between the human body and the environment. By comparing the computational results with the real scenario, we can calibrate these input parameters to improve the accuracy of articulated human body model.
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7

Xie, Shuyi, Shaohua Dong, and Guangyu Zhang. "Identification of Key Factors of Fire Risk of Oil Depot Based on Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93125.

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Abstract With the rapid development of the national economy, the demand for oil is increasing. In order to meet the increasing energy demand, China has established a number of oil depot in recent years, whose largest capacity reaching up to tens of millions of cubic meters. Due to the flammable and explosive nature of the stored medium, the risk of fire in the oil depot area has increased dramatically as the tank capacity of the storage tank area has increased. The intensification of the oil depot and the development of large-scale oil storage tanks have brought convenience to the national oil depot, but also brought many catastrophic consequences. In recent years, there have been many fires and explosions in the oil depot, causing major casualties and property losses, which seriously endangered the ecological environment and public safety. Based on the constructed oil depot fire risk index system, the fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM) and fuzzy maximum support tree clustering algorithm is introduced. Through the two fuzzy clustering mathematical models, key factors in the established index system are identified. Firstly, the expert scoring method is used to evaluate the indicators in the oil depot fire risk index system, and the importance degree evaluation matrix of oil depot fire risk factors is constructed through the fuzzy analysis of expert comments. Then, the fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM) and the fuzzy clustering tree algorithm are used to cluster the various risk indicators, and the key factors of the oil depot fire risk are identified. Through the comparative analysis and cross-validation of the results of the two fuzzy clustering methods, the accuracy of the recognition results is ensured. Finally, using an oil depot as a case study, it is found that passive fire prevention capability and emergency rescue capability are key factors that need to be paid attention to in the oil depot fire risk index. The fuzzy clustering algorithm used in this paper can digitize the subjective comments of experts, thus reducing the influence of human subjective factors. In addition, by using two fuzzy clustering algorithms to analyze and verify the key factors of the oil depot fire risk, the reliability of the clustering results is guaranteed. The identification of key factors can enable managers to predict high-risk factors in advance in the fire risk prevention and control process of the oil depot, so as to adopt corresponding preventive measures to minimize the fire risk in the oil depot, and ensure the safety of the operation of the oil depot.
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8

Olotu, Olabisi, Sunday Isehunwa, Bola Asiru, and Zeberu Elakhame. "Development of a Real–Time Petroleum Products Aduteration Detector." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207127-ms.

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Abstract Adulteration of petroleum products with the resultant safety, health, environmental and economic impact is a challenge in Nigeria and many developing countries. While the commonly used techniques by regulatory agencies and some end-users for quality assurance of petroleum products are time-consuming and expensive. This study was therefore designed to develop a device for real-time detection of petroleum products adulteration. Samples of petrol, diesel and kerosene were collected; samples of water, naphtha, alcohol, pure and used lubricating oil, and High Pour Fuel Oil (HPFO) were collected and used as liquid contaminants while saw dust, ash and fine sand were used as solid particulates. At temperatures between 23-28°C (1°C interval), binary mixtures were prepared using the pure products with liquid contaminants (95:5, ..,5: 95 V/V) and with particulates (0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10 g). New mixing rules were developed for the SG and IFT of the binary liquid mixtures and compared with Kay mixing rule. Developed mathematical models of the physical-chemical properties were used to simulate a meter designed and constructed around a microcontroller with multiple input/output pins and a load cell sensor. The SG and IFT of the pure liquid and solid binary mixtures ranged from 0.810 to 1.020, 25.5 to 47.2 dynes/cm and 0.820 to 1.080 and 26.3 and 50.2 dynes/cm respectively. For products contaminated with solid particulates, SG varied between 0.860 and 0.990. The new mixing rule gave coefficient of 0.84 and 27.8 for SG and IFT compared with 0.83 and 25.6 of Kay's model. Adulteration of products was detected at 20-30% by volume and 10-20% by mass of contamination, and displayed RED for adulterated samples, GREEN for pure samples and numerical values of SG in digital form which were within ±0.01 % of actual measurements. A device for real-time detection of adulteration in petroleum products was developed which can be adapted to real-time evaluation of similar binary mixtures.
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