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Journal articles on the topic 'Dutch elm disease fungus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hubbes, M. "The American elm and Dutch elm disease." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 2 (1999): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75265-2.

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Shortly after World War I, a new disease previously unknown among elms emerged in Holland. It spread rapidly from Europe to Great Britain (1927), United States (1930), and Canada (1945), killing millions of elms. The disease known, as Dutch elm disease (DED) is a wilt disease, caused by the fungus Ophiostoma ulmi. It is transmitted from tree to tree by elm bark beetles (scolytid) vectors. Numerous attempts to control the disease have concentrated on the reduction of insect vector populations, exploitation of natural host resistance, extensive application of fungicides and integrated pest manag

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2

Sticklen, M. B., M. G. Bolyard, R. K. Hajela, and L. C. Dufresne. "Molecular and cellular aspects of Dutch elm disease." Phytoprotection 72, no. 1 (2005): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705997ar.

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The folio wing review gives an overview of current research in the area of molecular and cellular interactions in Dutch elm disease. This vascular wilt disease is caused by the fungus Ophiostoma ulmi and is transmitted from diseased to healthy trees by the elm bark beetles. Fungal toxins are described which are associated with pathogenesis, one of which, ceratoulmin, is under investigation at the molecular level, particularly regarding its mode of action and localization. The fungus has also been examined at the molecular level to differentiate between aggressive and non-aggressive isolates on

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3

Townsend, A. M., and L. W. Douglass. "Variation in Growth and Response to Ophiostoma ulmi among Advanced-Generation Progenies and Clones of Elms." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14, no. 3 (1996): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-14.3.150.

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Abstract Controlled pollinations between five disease-tolerant elm (Ulmus L.) clones (Number 970, ‘Urban’, and clones that were later named ‘Homestead’, ‘Pioneer’, and ‘Prospector’) yielded 686 seedlings. Various crosses produced from zero to over 90 seedlings. Only one of four female parents produced any viable selfed seedlings. At age four, all seedlings were inoculated with Ophiostoma ulmi, (Buism.) C. Nannf., the causal fungus for Dutch elm disease. A factorial analysis showed male parent, female parent, and male x female interaction influenced disease symptoms 4 and 8 weeks after inoculat

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4

Redmond, B. L., and Christopher F. Bob. "The Microscopy of Compatibility and Incompatibility in Ulmus." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 504–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010011934x.

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The American Elm (Ulmus americana L.) has been plagued by Dutch Elm Disease (DED), a lethal disease caused by the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) c. Moreau. Since its initial appearance in North America around 1930, DED has wrought inexorable devastation on the American elm population, triggering both environmental and economic losses. In response to the havoc caused by the disease, many attempts have been made to hybridize U. americana with a few ornamentally less desirable, though highly DED resistant, Asian species (mainly the Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., and the Chinese elm Ulmus parv

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5

Heimler, D., A. Pieroni, and L. Mittempergher. "PLANT PHENOLICS IN ELMS (ULMUS SPP.) INFECTED BY DUTCH ELM DISEASE FUNGUS (OPHIOSTOMA ULMI)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 381 (December 1994): 638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.381.87.

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6

Sethuraman, Jyothi, Nancy C. Friedrich, David R. Edgell, and Georg Hausner. "A homing endonuclease‐rps3 gene fusion in Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi (Dutch Elm disease fungus)." FASEB Journal 22, S2 (2008): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.188.

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7

Santini, A., A. Montaghi, G. G. Vendramin, and P. Capretti. "Analysis of the Italian Dutch Elm Disease Fungal Population." Journal of Phytopathology 153, no. 2 (2005): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2004.00931.x.

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8

Hintz, W. E., R. S. Jeng, D. Q. Yang, M. M. Hubbes, and P. A. Horgen. "A genetic survey of the pathogenic fungus Ophiostoma ulmi across a Dutch elm disease front in Western Canada." Genome 36, no. 3 (1993): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-057.

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The natural population structure of the Dutch elm pathogen Ophiostoma ulmi was determined for isolates collected from across a Western Canadian disease front through an analysis of restriction-site polymorphisms in the ribosomal DNA repeat, length mutations in the mitochondrial genomes, and through DNA fingerprinting of the nuclear genomes using a minisatellite DNA probe. The 8.8-kbp rDNA repeat was selected from a genomic library, and restriction-site and genic maps were constructed for the nonaggressive and aggressive subgroups of O. ulmi. There were only three restriction-site differences t

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9

Dvořák, M., D. Palovčíková, and L. Jankovský. "The occurrence of endophytic fungus Phomopsis oblonga on elms in the area of southern Bohemia." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 11 (2012): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4533-jfs.

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The health condition of the population of elms in the region of southern Bohemiawas studied from the viewpoint of their decline, the occurrence of Dutch Elm Disease (DED) and the presence of other diseases. Of the total number of 105 elms in total 33 of them were without any symptoms of the disease or other damage. Elms regenerated quite spontaneously in the neighbourhood of mother trees and their increasing population in mixed forests is hopeful. According to macroscopic symptoms, DED was identified in 10 trees but the presence of pathogens Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was not ide

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10

Proctor, Robert H., Raymond P. Guries, and Eugene B. Smalley. "Lack of association between tolerance to the elm phytoalexin mansonone E and virulence in Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 9 (1994): 1355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-166.

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The effect of the elm phytoalexin, mansonone E, on linear growth of 17 fungal species was examined to determine whether the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is more tolerant of mansonone E than other fungi. Linear growth of O. novo-ulmi was less inhibited by mansonone E than that of most, but not all, other fungi examined, suggesting that O. novo-ulmi is relatively tolerant of mansonone E. To determine whether this tolerance is required for pathogenicity, we generated mutants of O. novo-ulmi with reduced tolerance to mansonone E by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis

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11

Jacobi, W. R., R. D. Koski, T. C. Harrington, and J. J. Witcosky. "Association of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi with Scolytus schevyrewi (Scolytidae) in Colorado." Plant Disease 91, no. 3 (2007): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-3-0245.

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The smaller European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus, has been the primary vector of the Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, in elm trees in Colorado since 1948. An exotic from Asia, the banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi, was found in Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila, in Colorado in April of 2003; this was the first report of S. schevyrewi in North America. S. schevyrewi is now found throughout much of Colorado and in at least 21 other states. The similarities in breeding and feeding habits between S. schevyrewi and S. multistriatus have raised concerns about the abilit

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12

Domir, Subhash C., Lawrence R. Schreiber, and Jann M. Ichida. "Factors Affecting Growth of Ophiostoma ulmi on Elm Callus Tissue." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 9, no. 4 (1991): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-9.4.211.

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Abstract We examined growth of the Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma ulmi, on callus derived from a susceptible American elm (Ulmus amencana, selection A), an American elm of intermediate resistance (U. americana, selection 8630), and a resistant Siberian elm (Ulmus pumlia) at 16, 22, and 28°C (61,72, and 83°F) and inoculation concentrations of 15 × 106, 2 × 106, or 0.3 × 106 conidia/ml. After 72 hours, the rates of fungal growth for all treatments were most rapid on calli from the American 8630 selection followed by the American A and Sibenan selections. While fungal growth was more rapid

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13

Richards, Wayne C. "Nonsporulation in the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma ulmi: evidence for control by a single nuclear gene." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 4 (1994): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-061.

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A single nuclear gene controls nonsporulation in a novel isolate of the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma ulmi (Buism.) Nannf. This has been clearly demonstrated through segregation of the nonsporulating phenotype-in meiotic products recovered from crosses between a mutant nonsporulating isolate (WRB2-1) and wild-type sporulating isolates, between F1 progeny and their parents, and between F1 progeny. All crosses between nonsporulating and sporulating isolates yielded a 1:1 ratio for these two phenotypes in the meiotic products, whereas all crossings between isolates of the same phenotype pro

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14

Abboud, Talal George, Abdullah Zubaer, Alvan Wai, and Georg Hausner. "The complete mitochondrial genome of the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. novo-ulmi." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 5 (2018): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0605.

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Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, a member of the Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota), is the causal agent of the current Dutch elm disease pandemic in Europe and North America. The complete mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. novo-ulmi, the European component of O. novo-ulmi, has been sequenced and annotated. Gene order (synteny) among the currently available members of the Ophiostomatales was examined and appears to be conserved, and mtDNA size variability among the Ophiostomatales is due in part to the presence of introns and their encoded open reading frames. Phylogenetic analysis of

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15

Binz, Thomas, Colette Gremaud та Giorgio Canevascini. "Production and purification of an extracellular β-galactosidase from the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, № 11 (1997): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-146.

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The causal agents of Dutch elm disease, Ophiostoma ulmi (isolate H200) and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (isolate CKT-11), secreted similar amounts of β-galactosidase in liquid shake cultures when grown on galacturonic acid or sodium pectate (1.45 ± 0.16 and 1.03 ± 0.24 nkat∙mL−1 for O. ulmi, respectively, and 1.30 ± 0.08 and 1.28 ± 0.26 nkat∙mL−1 for O. novo-ulmi, respectively). Rhamnose and pectin also stimulated secretion but to a lesser extent, whereas on glucose, enzyme activity was barely detectable (≤0.01 nkat∙mL−1). Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was shown by Q-Sepharose chromatography to form two β-gala

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16

Rogers, H. J., K. W. Buck, and C. M. Brasier. "A mitochondrial target for double-stranded RNA in diseased isolates of the fungus that causes Dutch elm disease." Nature 329, no. 6139 (1987): 558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329558a0.

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17

Durkovic, Jaroslav, František Kačik, Miroslava Mamonova, et al. "New insights into Dutch Elm Disease: cell wall compositional, ecophysiological, vascular and nanomechanical assessments." BALTIC FORESTRY 25, no. 1 (2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/vol25iss1pp010.

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Comprehensive assessments were made of the chemical profiles of woody cell wall components, and also leaf growth, ecophysiological, vascular and nanomechanical traits for two Dutch elm hybrids 'Groeneveld' and 'Dodoens' which possess contrasting tolerances toward Dutch elm disease. Upon infection with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ssp. americana × novo-ulmi, medium-molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both hybrids. A loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. In 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of prote

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18

Townsend, A. M., S. E. Bentz, and G. R. Johnson. "Variation in Response of Selected American Elm Clones to Ophiostoma ulmi." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 13, no. 3 (1995): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-13.3.126.

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Abstract Ramets of nine American elm (Ulmus americana L.) clones or cultivars were planted with ramets of Ulmus ‘Frontier’, Ulmus ‘Prospector’, and American elm seedlings in a randomized block, split-plot design. When they were three years old, the trees were inoculated in the main trunk on either one of two selected dates in May with a spore suspension of Ophiostoma ulmi, the causal fungus for Dutch elm disease (DED). Analyses of variance showed significant variation among clones and between inoculation dates in disease symptoms four weeks and one year after inoculation. Inoculations made on

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19

Smith, Frank E., Rosemary C. Hynes, John Tierney, Ying Z. Zhang, and George Eng. "The synthesis, molecular and crystal structure of the 1:1 adduct of triphenyltin chloride with 2,3-diphenylthiazolidin-4-one." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 1 (1995): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-014.

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The title compound was synthesized as part of an effort to produce a more effective fungicide to combat Dutch Elm Disease (DED), which is caused by the fungus Ceratocystisulmi. A full X-ray structural analysis of the 1:1 adduct has been carried out and the results are reported along with the Mössbauer data for the compound. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/a with a = 19.240(3) Å, b = 9.1463(24) Å, c = 19.3512(24) Å, β = 118.874(8)°, V = 2982.0(10) Å3, z = 4, and Dcalc = 1.427 Mg m−3. The final discrepancy factors are RF = 0.056 and Rw = 0.058 for 1915 significant reflections. The Q

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20

Ayer, William A., and J. Daniel Figueroa Villar. "Metabolites of Lachnellulafuscosanguinea (Rehm). Part 1. The isolation, structure determination, and synthesis of lachnelluloic acid." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 6 (1985): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-197.

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The metabolites produced in liquid culture by the fungus Lachnellulafuscosanguinea (Rehm) Dennis have been examined and two antifungal agents, lachnelluloic acid and lachnellulone, have been isolated. The structure of lachnelluloic acid has been established as (−)-4-hydroxy-3-octanoyl-6-pentyl-5,6-dihydro-2-pyrone (1) by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The total synthesis of racemic lachnelluloic acid, starting from 6,8-tridecanedione (6) is reported. Lachnelluloic acid (1) shows strong antifungal activity against Ceratocystisulmi, the causative agent of Dutch elm disease.

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Domir, Subhash C., Lawrence R. Schreiber, Jann M. Ichida, and Steven M. Eshita. "Effect of Elm Selection, Explant Source and Medium Composition on Growth of Ophiostoma ulmi on Callus Cultures." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 10, no. 1 (1992): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-10.1.59.

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Abstract We examined the effects of elm selection, explant source and media composition on growth of the Dutch elm disease (DED) fungus Ophiostoma ulmi on callus cultures. Calluses were generated from leaf and stem tissue of an American elm (Ulmus Americana L.) seedling (A), susceptible to the disease; an American elm selection 8630, resistant to the disease; and a Siberian elm (U. pumila L.) seedling, also resistant to DED. Calluses were generated on modified Murashige-Skoog (MMS) medium, either with (MMSC) or without coconut milk. Explant source did not affect the fungal growth rate on the c

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Brasier, C. M., and M. D. Mehrotra. "Ophiostoma himal-ulmi sp. nov., a new species of Dutch elm disease fungus endemic to the Himalayas." Mycological Research 99, no. 2 (1995): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80887-3.

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Solla, A., J. A. Martín, G. B. Ouellette, and L. Gil. "Influence of Plant Age on Symptom Development in Ulmus minor Following Inoculation by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Plant Disease 89, no. 10 (2005): 1035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1035.

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In American and European breeding programs, numerous elm trees from many species (Ulmus spp.) and hybrids have been inoculated annually with the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (the Dutch elm disease pathogen) in screening tests for resistance. Because trees were inoculated at different ages, it appeared necessary to study the influence of host age on the symptoms shown. Four Ulmus minor trees and one U. minor × U. pumila tree were cloned annually from 1994 to 1999. The replicates obtained (usually n = 6) were inoculated on 17 May 2000 with an O. novoulmi strain. At the end of the season, 2-year-o

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Hong, Yiguo, Thomas E. Cole, Clive M. Brasier, and Kenneth W. Buck. "Novel Structures of Two Virus-like RNA Elements from a Diseased Isolate of the Dutch Elm Disease Fungus,Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Virology 242, no. 1 (1998): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1997.8999.

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Gingas, V. M., J. C. Kamalay, and S. C. Domir. "041 OPTIMIZATION OF ULMUS SUSPENSION CULTURES FOR ELICITOR/PHYTOALEXIN EXPERIMENTS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 433f—433. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.433f.

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Suspension cultures of five elm selections (U. americana A, 680, 8630 and Del 2 and U. pumila S) exhibiting a range of susceptibility responses to the Dutch Elm Disease fungus (Ophiostoma ulmi) have been successfully established for future elicitor/phytoalexin studies. Calli initiated from foliar tissues of mature, greenhouse-grown trees cultured on a solid modified MS medium containing 2,4-D and BA were adapted to a liquid modified MS medium containing BA and either IAA or NAA. Cells were grown in either the presence or absence of light with continuous agitation. Uniform, rapidly dividing cel

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DesRochers, Pierre, and G. B. Ouellette. "Phaeotheca dimorphospora sp.nov.: description et caractéristiques culturales." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 6 (1994): 808–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-103.

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An unknown fungus isolated from an elm branch and inhibitory against Ophiostoma ulmi in vitro is described as Phaeotheca dimorphospora sp.nov. This dematiaceous deuteromycete propagates by endoconidia released after exfoliation of chlamydospore outer wall, as in mother cells of the type species Phaeotheca fissurella. However, P. dimorphospora differs from the type species by producing hyaline secondary ameroconidia between the endoconidial masses. Other ameroconidia, similar to the secondary ameroconidia, are produced through the chlamydospore outer wall. The optimal growth temperature of P. d

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Janardhnan, Sreekumar, and Mohini M. Sain. "Isolation of cellulose microfibrils - An enzymatic approach." BioResources 1, no. 2 (2006): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.1.2.176-188.

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Isolation methods and applications of cellulose microfibrils are expanding rapidly due to environmental benefits and specific strength properties, especially in bio-composite science. In this research, we have success-fully developed and explored a novel bio-pretreatment for wood fibre that can substantially improve the microfibril yield, in comparison to current techniques used to isolate cellulose microfibrils. Microfibrils currently are isolated in the laboratory through a combination of high shear refining and cryocrushing. A high energy requirement of these procedures is hampering momentu

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Stringer, Mary A., and William E. Timberlake. "Cerato-Ulmin, a Toxin Involved in Dutch Elm Disease, Is a Fungal Hydrophobin." Plant Cell 5, no. 2 (1993): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3869580.

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Stringer, M. A., and W. E. Timberlake. "Cerato-ulmin, a toxin involved in Dutch elm disease, is a fungal hydrophobin." Plant Cell 5, no. 2 (1993): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.5.2.145.

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Meier, F. G., and W. R. Remphrey. "Accumulation of mansonones in callus cultures of Ulmus americana L. in the absence of a fungal-derived elicitor." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 3 (1997): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-056.

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The Dutch elm disease pathogens Ophiostoma ulmi (Buism.) Nannf. and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier elicit the production of phytoalexins called mansonones in the American elm (Ulmus americana L.). As part of a larger investigation, it was revealed that mansonone elicitation in callus culture does not require the Dutch elm disease pathogens, as has been reported in other studies. The objective of this study was to determine the nature and timing of the nonfungal elicited mansonone accumulation in U. americana callus. Initially, 7-week-old calli were subjected to inoculations with various fungal g

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Cole, T. E., B. M. Mcller, Y. Hong, C. M. Brasier, and K. W. Buck. "Complexity of Virus-like Double-stranded RN A Elements in a Diseased Isolate of the Dutch Elm Disease Fungus, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Journal of Phytopathology 146, no. 11-12 (1998): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1998.tb04760.x.

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Tsopelas, Panaghiotis, Alberto Santini, Michael J. Wingfield, and Z. Wilhelm de Beer. "Canker Stain: A Lethal Disease Destroying Iconic Plane Trees." Plant Disease 101, no. 5 (2017): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-16-1235-fe.

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In Europe, both Oriental plane and London plane trees are seriously threatened by the invasive fungal pathogen Ceratocystis platani (Walter) Engelbr. & T.C. Harr., the causal agent of canker stain disease (CSD) of plane trees. The fungus is considered to be indigenous to North America and was accidently introduced into Europe during World War II, where it continues to spread clonally. The impact of CSD in Europe can be compared with notorious tree diseases such as Dutch elm disease, chestnut blight, and more recently Ash dieback, which have all caused devastating losses to natural woody ec

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Brunton, A. H., and G. M. Gadd. "Evidence for an inositol lipid signal pathway in the yeast-mycelium transition of Ophiostoma ulmi, the Dutch elm disease fungus." Mycological Research 95, no. 4 (1991): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80850-2.

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Plourde, Karine V., Volker Jacobi, and Louis Bernier. "Use of insertional mutagenesis to tag putative parasitic fitness genes in the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. novo-ulmi." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 9 (2008): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-068.

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We used insertional mutagenesis to produce genetically tagged mutants of the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. novo-ulmi. We first optimized transformation of O. novo-ulmi protoplasts by the restriction enzyme mediated integration method. A concentration of 80 U of HindIII with 108 fungal protoplasts and 5 μg of plasmid DNA was the most efficient for generating a high number of O. novo-ulmi mutants carrying a single insertion in their genome. Mycelium- and yeast-like growth kinetics of 24 O. novo-ulmi mutants were evaluated in vitro. Flanking sequences were successfully reco

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Jeng, Robert S. "Analytical electrofocusing and two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins extracted from the mycelia of aggressive and nonaggressive strains of Ophiostoma ulmi." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 9 (1986): 2073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-272.

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Soluble mycelial proteins from Ophiostoma ulmi (Buism.) Nannf., the causal agent of Dutch elm disease, were separated by analytical electrofocusing and two-dimensional electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Results showed the aggressive and nonaggressive strains of this pathogen each had about 60 Coomassie blue stained bands having isoelectric points from 3 to 7. Both strains of this fungus had their own characteristic electrofocusing patterns. Nonaggressive isolate S116, for example, lacked two protein bands, one near the anode and one near the cathode, but it had five additional protein ban

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Aoun, Mirella, Danny Rioux, Marie Simard, and Louis Bernier. "Fungal Colonization and Host Defense Reactions in Ulmus americana Callus Cultures Inoculated with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Phytopathology® 99, no. 6 (2009): 642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-6-0642.

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The host–pathogen interaction leading to Dutch elm disease was analyzed using histo- and cyto-chemical tests in an in vitro system. Friable and hard susceptible Ulmus americana callus cultures were inoculated with the highly aggressive pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. Inoculated callus tissues were compared with water-treated callus tissues and studied with light microscopy (LM), transmission-electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM). New aspects of this interaction are described. These include the histological observation, for the first time in plant callus cultures, of

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Hänzi, Martine, Bastien Cochard, Romain Chablais, Julien Crovadore, and François Lefort. "First report of Geosmithia langdonii and Geosmithia spp. isolated from a decaying elm (Ulmus minor) in Geneva, Switzerland." Folia Forestalia Polonica 58, no. 2 (2016): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2016-0011.

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Abstract The mortality of a young elm Ulmus minor in 2014 in Geneva prompted a search for the microorganisms potentially involved. Symptoms included foliar chlorosis and wilting followed by defoliation of branches. Wood symptoms included a brown streaking of sap wood and brown stains in trunk and branches. The comparison of the resulting ITS rDNA sequences to the NCBI Nucleotide database allowed to identify 10 different organisms. The genus Geosmithia represented 48% of the isolates belonging to three species: Geosmithia langdonii (7 isolates) and 2 unknown morphologically and genetically diff

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Benhamou, Nicole, Hélène Chamberland, G. B. Ouellette та F. J. Pauze. "Ultrastructural localization of β-(1 → 4)-D-glucans in two pathogenic fungi and in their host tissues by means of an exoglucanase–gold complex". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, № 5 (1987): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-070.

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An exoglucanase, purified from a cellulase produce by the fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai., was successfully bound to colloidal gold and used for ultrastructural detection of intracellular cellulosic β-(1 → 4) glucans. These saccharides were found to be present in great amount in the walls of Ophiostoma ulmi (Buism.) Nannf., the Dutch elm disease agent, whereas they were randomly distributed in the walls of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis and Shoemaker (FORL), the agent of tomato crown and root rot. In O. ulmi cell walls, the β-(1 → 4) glucans were predominantl

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Ciach, Michał, and Jakub Michalcewicz. "Pastureland Copses As Habitats For A Primeval Forest Relict: A Unique Location Of The Rosalia Longicorn Rosalia Alpina (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) In The Polish Carpathians." Polish Journal of Entomology / Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 83, no. 1 (2014): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjen-2014-0005.

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Abstract The Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina is regarded as a primeval forest relict and occurs mainly in old beech woodland in mountain areas. This paper describes a locality of the species in a copse surrounded by pastures, lying in open farmland situated at some distance from woodlands. The larval host plant was Wych Elm Ulmus glabra. The trees at this locality were dying from Dutch elm disease, which is caused by the fungus Ophiostoma sp. It is demonstrated that under favourable circumstances R. alpina can also colonise copses in pastureland, a hitherto unknown habitat for this species. A

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Cole, Thomas E., Yiguo Hong, Clive M. Brasier, and Kenneth W. Buck. "Detection of an RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase in Mitochondria from a Mitovirus-Infected Isolate of the Dutch Elm Disease Fungus, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Virology 268, no. 2 (2000): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1999.0097.

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GADD, G. M., and A. H. BRUNTON. "Calcium involvement in dimorphism of Ophiostoma ulmi, the Dutch elm disease fungus, and characterization of calcium uptake by yeast cells and germ tubes." Journal of General Microbiology 138, no. 8 (1992): 1561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-138-8-1561.

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Yang, D., F. Plante, L. Bernier, et al. "Evaluation of a fungal antagonist, Phaeotheca dimorphospora, for biological control of tree diseases." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 3 (1993): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-047.

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Phaeotheca dimorphospora, which was first isolated from elm wood and found to be antagonistic in vitro against the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma ulmi, was tested for antifungal activity in vitro against other tree pathogens by a variation of the agar layer technique. Phaeotheca dimorphospora produced antifungal compounds that were strongly inhibitory against a wide range of tree pathogens in addition to O. ulmi, such as Gremmeniella spp., Armillaria spp., Septoria musiva, Verticillium albo-atrum, Cylindrocladium floridanum, Phytophthora sp., Nectria galligena, and Heterobasidion annosu

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Martínez-Arias, Clara, Juan Sobrino-Plata, Luis Gil, Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada, and Juan Antonio Martín. "Priming of Plant Defenses against Ophiostoma novo-ulmi by Elm (Ulmus minor Mill.) Fungal Endophytes." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9 (2021): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090687.

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Some fungal endophytes of forest trees are recognized as beneficial symbionts against stresses. In previous works, two elm endophytes from the classes Cystobasidiomycetes and Eurotiomycetes promoted host resistance to abiotic stress, and another elm endophyte from Dothideomycetes enhanced host resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED). Here, we hypothesize that the combined effect of these endophytes activate the plant immune and/or antioxidant system, leading to a defense priming and/or increased oxidative protection when exposed to the DED pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. To test this hypothesis,

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Hornby, Jacob M., Sarah M. Jacobitz-Kizzier, Donna J. McNeel, Ellen C. Jensen, David S. Treves, and Kenneth W. Nickerson. "Inoculum Size Effect in Dimorphic Fungi: Extracellular Control of Yeast-Mycelium Dimorphism in Ceratocystis ulmi." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (2004): 1356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1356-1359.2004.

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ABSTRACT We studied the inoculum size effect in Ceratocystis ulmi, the dimorphic fungus that causes Dutch elm disease. In a defined glucose-proline-salts medium, cells develop as budding yeasts when inoculated at ≥106 spores per ml and as mycelia when inoculated at <106 spores per ml. The inoculum size effect was not influenced by inoculum spore type, age of the spores, temperature, pH, oxygen availability, trace metals, sulfur source, phosphorous source, or the concentration of glucose or proline. Similarly, it was not influenced by added adenosine, reducing agents, methyl donors, amino su

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Janardhnan, Sreekumar, and Mohini Sain. "Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibers: Effect of Biotreatment on Hydrogen Bonding Network in Wood Fibers." International Journal of Polymer Science 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/279610.

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The use of cellulose nanofibres as high-strength reinforcement in nano-biocomposites is very enthusiastically being explored due to their biodegradability, renewability, and high specific strength properties. Cellulose, through a regular network of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds, is organized into perfect stereoregular configuration called microfibrils which further aggregate to different levels to form the fibre. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding at various levels, especially at the elementary level, is the major binding force that one need to overcome to reverse engineer these fibres

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Aziz, A. Y., H. A. Foster, and C. P. Fairhurst. "IN VITROINTERACTIONS BETWEENTRICHODERMASPP. ANDOPHIOSTOMA ULMIAND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DUTCH ELM DISEASE AND OTHER FUNGAL DISEASES OF TREES." Arboricultural Journal 17, no. 2 (1993): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.1993.9746958.

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Pipe, N. D., C. M. Brasier, and K. W. Buck. "Evolutionary Relationships of the Dutch Elm Disease Fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi to Other Ophiostoma Species Investigated by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the rDNA Region." Journal of Phytopathology 148, no. 9-10 (2000): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.2000.00556.x.

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Comeau, André M., Josée Dufour, Guillaume F. Bouvet, et al. "Functional Annotation of the Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Genome: Insights into the Phytopathogenicity of the Fungal Agent of Dutch Elm Disease." Genome Biology and Evolution 7, no. 2 (2014): 410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu281.

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Jacobi, V., A. Plourde, P. J. Charest, and R. C. Hamelin. "In vitro toxicity of natural and designed peptides to tree pathogens and pollen." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 4 (2000): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-025.

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The toxicities of four candidate peptides, which have potential for engineering disease resistance into poplars and conifers, were tested and compared in vitro. Cecropin B, (Ala8,13,18)-magainin II amide, and the two synthetic membrane interactive molecules (Peptidyl MIMs(tm)) D2A21 and D4E1 inhibited germination of spores of the fungal pathogens Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerberg) Morelet, Melampsora medusae Thuem., Nectria galligena Bres. in Strass., Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Nannf., andSeptoria musiva Peck. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of peptides

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Hong, Yiguo, Thomas E. Cole, Clive M. Brasier, and Kenneth W. Buck. "Evolutionary Relationships among Putative RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases Encoded by a Mitochondrial Virus-like RNA in the Dutch Elm Disease Fungus,Ophiostoma novo-ulmi,by Other Viruses and Virus-like RNAs and by theArabidopsisMitochondrial Genome." Virology 246, no. 1 (1998): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1998.9178.

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