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Redmond, Walter. "Logic, Duty, Virtue." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112991.
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Deonticlogic, the logic of ethics, can apply to various moral theories. for example, those based on the concepts of virtue or on duty. A scholastic-style square of opposition isuseful in displaying logical relationships among moral notions oroperators such as ought and may. The system may be constructed with a single operator and the nothers may be added to parallel other expressions in ordinary language. Two principies are given to explain super erogation, the case of good but non obligatory acts or habits and to suggest a basic logic of virtue.<br>La lógica deóntica. la lógica de la ética, es aplicable a varias teorías morales, por ejemplo a las fundamentadas en la concepción de la virtud o en la del deber. Un cuadrado de oposición al estilo escolástico puede servir para exhibir las relaciones lógicas entre tales nociones morales u operadores como debe y puede. El sistema puede construirse sobre la base de un solo operador y luego otros pueden agregarse para indicar una correspondencia con otras expresiones del lenguaje ordinario. Se ofrecen dos principios para aclarar la super erogación.el caso del acto o hábito bueno no obligatorio. y para proponer una lógica básica de la virtud.
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Delmas, Candice. "The duty to disobey." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32879.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>The dissertation investigates our moral obligations in the face of injustice. Contemporary political philosophers have largely neglected this issue, focusing instead on what they call the "problem of political obligation"; that is, whether subjects of just and nearly just societies have a moral duty to obey the law because it is the law. Philosophers fail to consider the obligations of citizens in polities with significant and pervasive injustice. They sometimes recognize that civil disobedience may be morally justified, but they never consider the possibility that it might be morally required. This failure to consider the possibility that one may have a duty to disobey unjust laws and resist injustice is surprising given that the paragons of civil disobedience-to wit, Henry D. Thoreau, Mohandas Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr.-treated resistance to injustice as a matter of moral obligation.
The dissertation shifts attention away from the orthodox question, Is there a moral duty to obey the law?, towards the morally urgent question, When is one morally required to disobey the law? Chapter 1 examines the literature on political obligation and civil disobedience, and elaborates on the dissertation's project and motivation. To inquire into citizens' obligations in the face of injustice, the dissertation employs the normative principles commonly used to ground a moral duty to obey the law. Chapters 2-5 are each devoted to one standard ground of political obligation, namely: the principle of fairness, the natural duty of justice, the Samaritan duty, and associative duties. Each chapter clarifies the normative principle under consideration, and develops an account of the duty to resist injustice and disobey the law based on that principle. Chapter 6 summarizes the resulting "multiple principle" theory of obligations in the face of injustice, and complements it with an account of second-order duties focused on overcoming obstacles to the perception of injustice and recognition of one's responsibilities.<br>2031-01-01
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Watson, James Allan. "The duty to account." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13879.
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The thesis concerns the origins and history of the duty to account, and enquiry into the principles applied in the development of that obligation. The account appears as early as the Domesday Books of 1086, and can be traced to advancements in Exchequer. The first reports of ‘private law’ writs of account appear sometime between 1163-1172. It features in statutes such as the Statute of Westminster II 1285. However, as a praecipe writ it was, like debt, defended by wager of law. In the 1600s this severely curtailed its practicability: Cf Slade’s Case (1602) 4 Co Rep 92b (76 ER 1074); and led to the general administration of account in Chancery. Nonetheless, the remedy remains available at law. Accounting parties are often described by the trilogy, ‘bailiffs, guardians and receivers’. But the meaning of ‘receiver’ was both extended and extensive, and comprehended anyone who received property “to the use of” (ad opus) the plaintiff. Thus, accounting parties include partners, executors, employees, bailees, factors, agents, receivers in cases of misrepresentation and fraud, receivers of payments by mistake, for usurpation of office, failure of consideration and, most intriguingly, for payments made by A to B to the use of C. For its part, the development of the account in equity followed the law. Accordingly, important institutions in equity, such as the trust, constructive trust, fiduciaries, confidential information, and civil remedies for theft were premised on the defendant holding to the use of the plaintiff. The categories of account in equity are not closed: North Eastern Railway Co v Martin (1848) 2 Ph 758 (41 ER 1136). In exceptional cases, the account might be a remedy for breach of contract: Cf Attorney-General v Blake [2001] 1 AC 268. In either case, the further development of the account can best be realised having regard to the jurisprudence and principles of the writ, bill, then cause of action, established over 800 years.
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Avenant, Louis P. "Director’s duty to comply." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45971.
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Chilson, Clay S. "Minimizing Army Cadet Temporary Duty." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA344598.
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Stokes, Robert Anthony. "The banker's duty of confidentiality." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425453.
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The scheme of doctoral research is concerned with the banker's duty of confidentiality, something traditionally recognized as forming the cornerstone of the banker-client relationship. However, the law relating to banking confidentiality has undergone an active period of reform since the judicial recognition of such a duty. Indeed, the duty (or perhaps more accurately, the exceptions to the duty) has developed through retrospective incremental reforms, facilitated through both judicial decisions and through statute. The aim of the research is to analyse and explore the existing law, looking particularly at the development of the relevant practice and law, and consider whether it is true to suggest confidentiality is the exception rather than the rule. In order to successfully ground the importance of this scheme of research in the modern banking climate, the genesis and early development of the duty of confidentiality shall be analysed, before considering the development of the obligation through the Twentieth Century. Consequently, this study will concentrate upon the establishment of the duty of confidentiality through the decision in Tournier v. National Provincial and Union Bank of England1 , and consider the four heads of exception that Bankes L.J., discussed. The growth of these four heads of exception needs to be analysed, for, as the Jack Committee lamented in their final report, "the last two decades have seen a torrent of new legislation, which has since become a spate in the past few years, requiring or permitting bankers, in a wide range of specified situations, to disclose confidential information in the public interest".2 Since the presentation of the Jack Report this 'spate' has continued, and the scope of the various exceptions to the duty arising from,for example, the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (as amended) and the Money Laundering Regulations 2003 will need to be analysed. The thesis will also investigate certain key issues which are currently affecting the scope and nature of the banker's duty of confidentiality, including, the growth of the domestic anti-money laundering regime; the emergence of the criminal confiscation and civil recovery systems and associated investigatory powers and the dawn of the Human Rights Act era coupled with the growth of data protection considerations under the Data Protection Act 1998. These issues, whilst only coming to the fore in recent times, are all likely to play an important role in the future development and direction of the banker's duty of confidentiality, and are as such worthy of academic consideration.
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Labarriere, Pierre-Jean. "On the Duty of Excellence." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112747.
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The Greek term apntí. art of moderation, strategy of happiness, is a fundamental attitude not addressed by the mere moral connotation of the terms merit and virtue. It defines, instead, a leve! of excellency reconciliating the interior and the exterior. theory and praxis, knowledge and action. Far from any hard stoicism, virtue is a force in movement; it translates if necessary the human capacity of changing circumstances. As a true road of sense displayed with and for others (Ricoeur), virtue assumes a poietic dimension expressed by a certain power of creation, where not only the individual but also the political are at stake.<br>La apntí griega, arte de la mesura, estrategia de la felicidad, coincide con una actitud fundamental que no agotan los términos de mérito o de la virtud, considerados en una acepción simplemente moral. Define más bien un nivel de excelencia que reconcilia lo interior y lo exterior, la teoría y la praxis, el conocimiento y la acción. Lejos de todo rudo estoicismo, la virtud se propone entonces como una fuerza en movimiento; en ella se traduce, si se requiere, la capacidad humana de cambiar las circunstancias. Verdadero camino de sentido, desplegado con y paralos otros (Ricoeur), la virtud se reviste así de una dimensión poiética expresada por un cierto poder de creación en el cual no sólo está en juego lo individual sino también lo político.
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Yatt, Kelsey Jean. "The lessor's duty of maintenance." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77441.
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This study is a general one which deals with the need to clarify the law with regard to the lessor’s duty of maintenance and to provide solutions to the necessary problems. This area of law is shown to be problematic through the analysis and evaluation of the development of case law. The cases used to show this development are Arnold v Viljoen, Steynberg v Kruger, Ntshiqa v Andreas Supermarket, Thompson v Scholtz, Mpange v Sithole, and Ethekwini Metropolitan Unicity Municipality v Pilco Investments among others. The common law is also considered specifically the exceptio non adimpleti contractus when dealing with the case law analysis. The cases furthermore indicate problematic aspects which need to be dealt with as well as aspects which have been dealt with insufficiently by the courts. The impact of certain legislative provisions on this area of law are also dealt with. These provisions are the Rental Housing Act (and regulations), the Consumer Protection Act as well as the amendments to the Rental Housing Act, which are not yet in force. Certain foreign legal systems are then analysed and compared to our legal system. This comparison is done to provide solutions and suggest improvements and alterations where necessary to the problematic aspects of the lessor’s duty of maintenance and to further illustrate the need for clarity in regard to this area of law.<br>Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.<br>Mercantile Law<br>LLM<br>Unrestricted
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Knight, Adam. "A duty beyond oaths [novel] /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Kingdon, Lorraine B. "Double Duty for Irrigation Water." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295634.
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Sterk, John W. "Christian verbal witnessing while on duty in the United States Navy active and reserve duty." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Vavra, Kelly. "School professionals' knowledge and use of the duty to warn and duty to protect obligations." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004vavrak.pdf.
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Rohrbaugh, Jeremiah C. "Characterization of infield duty cycles and exhaust emissions from diesel powered off-road heavy duty equipment." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2730.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 174 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-172).
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Igneski, Violetta. "Rescue and the duty to aid." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59046.pdf.
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Landolt, Phillip Louis. ""Naturalis obligatio" and bare social duty /." Köln [u.a.] : Böhlau, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/312042655.pdf.
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Alam, Assad. "Fuel-Efficient Heavy-Duty Vehicle Platooning." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145560.
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The freight transport industry faces big challenges as the demand for transport and fuel prices are steadily increasing, whereas the environmental impact needs to be significantly reduced. Heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) platooning is a promising technology for a sustainable transportation system. By semi-autonomously governing each platooning vehicle at small inter-vehicle spacing, we can effectively reduce fuel consumption, emissions, and congestion, and relieve driver tension. Yet, it is not evident how to synthesise such a platoon control system and how constraints imposed by the road topography affect the safety or fuel-saving potential in practice. This thesis presents contributions to a framework for the design, implementation, and evaluation of HDV platooning. The focus lies mainly on establishing fuel-efficient platooning control and evaluating the fuel-saving potential in practice. A vehicle platoon model is developed together with a system architecture that divides the control problem into manageable subsystems. Presented results show that a significant fuel reduction potential exists for HDV platooning and it is favorable to operate the vehicles at a small inter-vehicle spacing. We address the problem of finding the minimum distance between HDVs in a platoon without compromising safety, by setting up the problem in a game theoretical framework. Thereby, we determine criteria for which collisions can be avoided in a worst-case scenario and establish the minimum safe distance to a vehicle ahead. A systematic design methodology for decentralized inter-vehicle distance control based on linear quadratic regulators is presented. It takes dynamic coupling and engine response delays into consideration, and the structure of the controller feedback matrix can be tailored to the locally available state information. The results show that a decentralized controller gives good tracking performance and attenuates disturbances downstream in the platoon for dynamic scenarios that commonly occur on highways. We also consider the problem of finding a fuel-efficient controller for HDV platooning based on road grade preview information under road and vehicle parameter uncertainties. We present two model predictive control policies and derive their fuel-saving potential. The thesis finally evaluates the fuel savings in practice. Experimental results show that a fuel reduction of 3.9–6.5 % can be obtained on average for a heterogenous platoon of HDVs on a Swedish highway. It is demonstrated how the savings depend on the vehicle position in the platoon, the behavior of the preceding vehicles, and the road topography. With the results obtained in this thesis, it is argued that a significant fuel reduction potential exists for HDV platooning.<br><p>QC 20140527</p>
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Theobald, Maureen. "On-duty : the nature of nursing." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390075.
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Hurtado, Emmanuel. "Nietzschean Ethics: One's Duty to Overcome." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1342.
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In this paper, I will analyze Nietzsche’s argument for a moral error theory and examine the implications of his view. In order to arrive at the best possible interpretation I will heavily incorporate many passages from Nietzsche’s original works so that I can delve into a textual analysis of Nietzsche. Because Nietzsche is notoriously vague at times and often contradictory, I recognize that this is far from the only appropriate interpretation. However, I hope that it is one which has at least some intuitive appeal. Eventually, I hope to prove that despite his rejection of moral truths, Nietzsche’s theory of value can lead us to a sound ethical theory.
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Harrison, Jeff. "UA `Street Trees' Perform Double Duty." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622091.
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Ohlsén, Rikard, and Erik Sten. "Optimal Platooning of Heavy-Duty Vehicles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149599.
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The vehicle and transport industry have a constant strive towards reduced fuelconsumption and for HDVs are there numerous of different approaches. Twoapproaches that have been proven to reduce fuel consumption in previous workare look-ahead control (LAC) and platooning. LAC uses knowledge about the fu-ture road topography to optimize the vehicles velocity. Platooning is when HDVsdrive relatively close to each other in order to reduce air drag. Platooning vehi-cles can also optimize their velocity based on the preceding vehicles trajectory,known as adaptive look-ahead control (ALAC).Utilizing LAC/ALAC can enable a pulse-and-glide (PnG) strategy, where thevehicle engages neutral gear and freewheels e.g. in a downhill. Thereby reducesthe fuel consumption. So, the main purpose of this thesis was to study how pla-tooning vehicles and the control strategy known as pulse-and-glide (PnG) inter-act when pursuing lower fuel consumption. Therefore, a vehicle model, a pla-toon model and optimization-based controllers (LAC/ALAC) were designed anddeveloped. For the optimization-based controllers was dynamic programming(DP) chosen as optimization solver.The results shows that the combination of these approaches has a great poten-tial to enable substantial fuel reduction, both for individual vehicles and for theentire platoon. The most suitable strategy, in terms of fuel consumption, for theplatoon as a whole is closely related to the one for individual vehicles. The strate-gies resulting in the largest fuel reduction for a single vehicle does also give thelargest total fuel reduction for the platoon as a whole. According to the results,a lead vehicle should utilize both LAC and PnG. The other platooning vehiclesshould employ ALAC in order to also utilize PnG meanwhile keeping a shortintermediate distance.According to the results the greatest potential fuel reduction is achieved forthe downhill segment. For the last vehicle in the platoon it is as high as 42 %, com-pared to the nominal case (a single vehicle using conventional cruise control andnot shifting gears). The potential fuel reduction for the flat and uphill segmentsare similar to each other, 22 % and 20 % respectively. For all three segments PnGaccounts for roughly 1-3 percentage points of the entire platoons fuel reduction.In reality the road topography is constantly varying, so it is also promising thatthe fuel efficiency is improved for all types of road segments<br><p>Dubbelklassat examensarbete, elektroteknik och maskinteknik</p>
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Hillstrom, David Roger. "Light Duty Natural Gas Engine Characterization." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408967285.
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Ramamurthy, Ravishankar. "Heavy duty emissions inventory and prediction." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=622.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 120 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-107).
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Spence, Kevan H. "Theodore Parker : abolitionism as religious duty /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Ndebele, Innocent. "“No conflict” duty of company directors." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45994.
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Oliveira, Rui. "Motion Planning for Heavy-Duty Vehicles." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252537.
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Autonomous driving is a disrupting technology that is expected to reshape transportation systems. The benefits of autonomous vehicles include, but are not limited to, safer transportation, increased economic growth, and broader access to mobility services. Industry and academia are currently researching a variety of topics related to autonomous driving, however, the focus seems to be on passenger vehicles. As a consequence, heavy-duty vehicles, which are a significant share of transportation systems, are overlooked, and the challenges associated with these vehicles are neglected. This thesis studies motion planning algorithms for heavy-duty vehicles. Motion planning is a fundamental part of autonomous vehicles, it is tasked with finding the correct sequence of actions that take the vehicle towards its goal. This work focuses on particular aspects that distinguish heavy-duty vehicles from passenger vehicles, and that call for novel developments within motion planning algorithms. We start by addressing the problem of finding shortest paths for a vehicle in obstacle-free environments. This problem has been studied since the fifties, but the addressed vehicle models are often simplistic. We propose a novel algorithm that is able to plan paths respecting complex vehicle actuator constraints associated with the slow dynamics of heavy vehicles. Using the previous method, we tackle the motion planning problem in environments populated with obstacles. Lattice-based motion planners, a popular choice for this type of scenario, come with drawbacks related to the sub-optimality of solution paths, and the discretization of the goal state. We propose a novel path optimization method, which is able to significantly reduce both problems. The resulting optimized paths contain less oscillatory behavior and arrive precisely at arbitrary non-discretized goal states. We then study the problem of bus driving in urban environments. It is shown how this type of driving is fundamentally different than that of other vehicles, due to the chassis configuration with large overhangs. To successfully maneuver buses, distinct driving objectives need to be used in planning algorithms. Moreover, a novel environment classification scheme must be introduced. The result is a motion planning algorithm that is able to mimic professional bus driver behavior, resulting in safer driving and increased vehicle maneuverability.<br><p>QC 20190603</p>
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Mahfuz, Mahfuz. "A research to develop English insurance law to accommodate Islamic principles." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-research-to-develop-english-insurance-law-to-accommodate-islamic-principles(ba9df8a6-58e2-4506-b62e-431238740e73).html.
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In recent years the popularity of Islamic insurance policies has grown rapidly with many companies across the world providing this service. London is said to be the hub for Islamic finance. It is well known for welcoming innovative financial methods. The FSA have already authorised the insurance company Salaam Halal to provide policies based on Shariah principles. The FSA, however, announced that they must operate within the same legal framework as all other insurance policies. Consequently English law has to be applied in Islamic policies taken in this country. However, in many aspects, Shariah principles contradict English insurance law. This thesis aims to discover how they contradict and recommend how the Islamic insurance policies can be applied in English law without breaking Shariah principles. As Shariah principles merely provide a wide boundary within which any law can be applied, this thesis analyses English insurance law first, and then discusses how Islamic insurance policies can operate within the English framework. In many cases, English insurance law crosses the boundary of Shairah principles due to its unfair consequences. Consequently making English insurance law fairer could be the best solution to allow the use of Islamic insurance policies under English law. Pragmatically, the thesis focuses mainly on problems within current English insurance law and recommends possible solutions. In many cases, the solutions suggested by the Law Commission are found to be incapable of establishing fairness. The majority part of this thesis is spent trying to establish a fairer framework for English insurance law. This fairer English insurance law is found to be Shariah compliant in most cases. In some cases it is not complaint due to operational differences between the two legal systems. In these cases, the thesis recommends that the Islamic insurer should incorporate certain terms to make policies Shariah compliant without breaching English insurance law.
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Zhao, Yujia. "The implementation issue in norm diffusion : the cases of WTO anti-dumping duty and countervailing duty in China." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37600/.
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China increasingly integrates into the international system, but has the social capitalist China been effectively contained by the Western-led liberal order? Most current literatures assume China’s ratification of international treaties as the signal to its full adoption of international norms, and scholars such as John Ikenberry thus argue that China is getting contained by the Western liberal order. However, a new wave of norm diffusion scholars suggests that even the ratified norms may not have the expected domestic impacts; the implementation process is decisive to the real changes ‘on the ground’. Following this vein, this thesis studies China’s implementation of international liberal norms in order to understand how the liberal world contains China in its order. This thesis compares the implementation of two WTO trading norms namely anti-dumping duty and countervailing duty in China as the representative case studies. The analysis suggests that these two norms have made important changes to China’s legal system, institution-building, field-level practices and its domestic discourse. By employing political comparative methods, it proves the WTO implementing instruments as effective in promoting the progresses of this implementation process. However, the analysis further suggests that the cultural match of these two international liberal norms with China’s social capitalist traditions also contributes to strong domestic resistances to the implementation process. The consequences of this dis-match are largely reflected in China’s field-level practices of and its domestic discourses over these two norms. This thesis provides a complex answer to the question raised at the beginning. As the case studies illustrate, although anti-dumping duty and countervailing duty conflict with China’s social capitalist traditions, China chooses to play by the rules because of its ‘problem-solving’ concerns and because of the pressure from the WTO and its members. China, both the state sectors and non-state actors, values its identity as a member of the international society, and is willing to act as the defender of the current international order. Even though, China is not a passive receiver of the liberal normative structure. The dis-match between the liberal norms and China’s social capitalist tradition inevitably results in the internal resistance to the tendency of China being fully contained by the international liberal order. This resistance will not be eliminated by any external pressure.
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Thümmler, Kerstin, Irén Horváth, and Thomas Fischer. "„Double Duty Carers“ – wenn Pflegekräfte auch privat pflegen: Unterstützungskonzepte für Double Duty Carers im Bereich der privaten Angehörigenpflege." Evangelische Hochschule Dresden, 2021. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75566.
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Angehörige von pflegebedürftigen Menschen leisten einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Gesundheitsversorgung. Sind Angehörige erwerbstätig, dann ist es zusätzlich herausfordernd Beruf, Familie und die private Pflege nahstehender pflegebedürftiger Menschen miteinander zu vereinbaren. Eine besondere Situation entsteht, wenn Angehörige in einem Gesundheitsberuf tätig sind und die Versorgung eines pflegebedürftigen Familienmitgliedes übernehmen. Für diese spezielle Gruppe von pflegenden Angehörigen wird der Begriff der „Double Duty Carer (DDC)“ verwendet. Im Unterschied zu anderen pflegenden Angehörigen schultert diese Personengruppe nicht nur eine Doppelbelastung, sondern nimmt auch eine doppelte („double“) Verpflichtung („duty“) in Sachen Pflege und Versorgung auf sich, da sie privat wie auch beruflich in ähnlichen Aufgabenfeldern der gesundheitlichen Versorgung, Pflege und Begleitung beschäftigt sind.
In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Konzepte für Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für DDC vorgestellt, die den familialen Pflegebereich adressieren: 1. Ein „Workshop zum Umgang mit Erwartungen aus der pflegerischen Doppelrolle“ und 2. ein „Peer-Begleitungskonzepts für Double Duty Carers“. Dabei setzt das entwickelte Peer-Begleitungskonzept stärker auf „Austausch und Begleitung', während bei dem Workshopkonzept eher die Stärkung von „Wissen und Befähigung“ im Vordergrund stehen. Es wird vorgestellt, wie die entsprechenden Unterstützungsmaßnahmen umgesetzt und welche Materialien verwendet werden können.
Die Maßnahmen wurden im Rahmen des BMBF-geförderten Projekts „DDCareD – Double Duty Carers in Deutschland – Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von beruflichen und privaten Pflegeaufgaben“ (Förderkennzeichen 13FH002SB6) entwickelt.
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Abschlusstagung des Projekts „Double Duty Carers in Deutschland – Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von beruflichen und privaten Pflegeaufgaben“ (DDCareD). Dresden, 13.9.2019:1 Einleitung und Hintergrund ... 4
2 Herleitung der Maßnahmenideen ... 6
3 Workshop zum Umgang mit Erwartungen aus der pflegerischen Doppelrolle ... 6
3.1 Ziele und Ablauf des Workshops ... 8
3.2 Inhalte des Workshops - Beschreibung der einzelnen Module ... 9
4 Peerbegleitung - Eine Unterstützungsmaßnahme für Double Duty Carers ... 14
4.1 Das Konzept der Peerbegleitung ... 14
4.2 Ziele und Ablauf des Peer-Begleitungskonzeptes ... 15
5 Mögliche Einsatzbereiche der vorgestellten Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für Double Duty Carers und Ausblick ... 20
Danksagung ... 21
Literaturverzeichnis ... 22
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Thümmler, Kerstin, Irén Horváth, and Thomas Fischer. "„Double Duty Carers“ – wenn Pflegekräfte auch privat pflegen: Unterstützungskonzepte für Double Duty Carers im Bereich der privaten Angehörigenpflege." Evangelische Hochschule Dresden, 2007. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75566.
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Angehörige von pflegebedürftigen Menschen leisten einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Gesundheitsversorgung. Sind Angehörige erwerbstätig, dann ist es zusätzlich herausfordernd Beruf, Familie und die private Pflege nahstehender pflegebedürftiger Menschen miteinander zu vereinbaren. Eine besondere Situation entsteht, wenn Angehörige in einem Gesundheitsberuf tätig sind und die Versorgung eines pflegebedürftigen Familienmitgliedes übernehmen. Für diese spezielle Gruppe von pflegenden Angehörigen wird der Begriff der „Double Duty Carer (DDC)“ verwendet. Im Unterschied zu anderen pflegenden Angehörigen schultert diese Personengruppe nicht nur eine Doppelbelastung, sondern nimmt auch eine doppelte („double“) Verpflichtung („duty“) in Sachen Pflege und Versorgung auf sich, da sie privat wie auch beruflich in ähnlichen Aufgabenfeldern der gesundheitlichen Versorgung, Pflege und Begleitung beschäftigt sind.
In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Konzepte für Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für DDC vorgestellt, die den familialen Pflegebereich adressieren: 1. Ein „Workshop zum Umgang mit Erwartungen aus der pflegerischen Doppelrolle“ und 2. ein „Peer-Begleitungskonzepts für Double Duty Carers“. Dabei setzt das entwickelte Peer-Begleitungskonzept stärker auf „Austausch und Begleitung', während bei dem Workshopkonzept eher die Stärkung von „Wissen und Befähigung“ im Vordergrund stehen. Es wird vorgestellt, wie die entsprechenden Unterstützungsmaßnahmen umgesetzt und welche Materialien verwendet werden können.
Die Maßnahmen wurden im Rahmen des BMBF-geförderten Projekts „DDCareD – Double Duty Carers in Deutschland – Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von beruflichen und privaten Pflegeaufgaben“ (Förderkennzeichen 13FH002SB6) entwickelt.:1 Einleitung und Hintergrund ... 4
2 Herleitung der Maßnahmenideen ... 6
3 Workshop zum Umgang mit Erwartungen aus der pflegerischen Doppelrolle ... 6
3.1 Ziele und Ablauf des Workshops ... 8
3.2 Inhalte des Workshops - Beschreibung der einzelnen Module ... 9
4 Peerbegleitung - Eine Unterstützungsmaßnahme für Double Duty Carers ... 14
4.1 Das Konzept der Peerbegleitung ... 14
4.2 Ziele und Ablauf des Peer-Begleitungskonzeptes ... 15
5 Mögliche Einsatzbereiche der vorgestellten Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für Double Duty Carers und Ausblick ... 20
Danksagung ... 21
Literaturverzeichnis ... 22
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Yilmaz, Mine. "Duty Cycle Control In Wireless Sensor Networks." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608856/index.pdf.
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Recent advances in wireless communication and micro-electro-mechanical
systems (MEMS) have led to the development of implementation of low-cost, low
power, multifunctional sensor nodes. These sensor node are small in size and
communicate untethered in short distances. The nodes in sensor networks have
limited battery power and it is not feasible or possible to recharge or replace the
batteries, therefore power consumption should be minimized so that overall
network lifetime will be increased. In order to minimize power consumed during
idle listening, some nodes, which can be considered redundant, can be put to
sleep. In this thesis study, basic routing algorithms and duty cycle control
algorithms for WSNs in the literature are studied. One of the duty cycle control
algorithms, Role Alternating, Coverage Preserving, and Coordinated Sleep
algorithm (RACP) is examined and simulated using the ns2 simulation
environment. A novel duty cycle control algorithm, Sink Initiated Path Formation
(SIPF) is proposed and compared to RACP in terms of sleep sensor ratio and time
averaged coverage.
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Eriksson, Björn. "Heavy duty : on the demands of consequentialism." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-81499.
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Samuelsson, David, and Rikard Andersson. "Medium duty support arm for HB30° parlours." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103886.
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SAMUELSSON, DAVID, and RIKARD ANDERSSON. "Medium duty support arm for HB30° parlours." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104395.
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Nilsson, Sanna. "Sensor Fusion for Heavy Duty Vehicle Platooning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78970.
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The aim of platooning is to enable several Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) to drive in a convoy and act as one unit to decrease the fuel consumption. By introducing wireless communication and tight control, the distance between the HDVs can be decreased significantly. This implies a reduction of the air drag and consequently the fuel consumption for all the HDVs in the platoon. The challenge in platooning is to keep the HDVs as close as possible to each other without endangering safety. Therefore, sensor fusion is necessary to get an accurate estimate of the relative distance and velocity, which is a pre-requisite for the controller. This master thesis aims at developing a sensor fusion framework from on-board sensor information as well as other vehicles’ sensor information communicated over a WiFi link. The most important sensors are GPS, that gives a rough position of each HDV, and radar that provides relative distance for each pair of HDV’s in the platoon. A distributed solution is developed, where an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) estimates the state of the whole platoon. The state vector includes position, velocity and length of each HDV, which is used in a Model Predictive Control (MPC). Furthermore, a method is discussed on how to handle vehicles outside the platoon and how various road surfaces can be managed. This master thesis is a part of a project consisting of three parallel master’s theses. The other two master’s theses investigate and implement rough pre-processing of data, time synchronization and MPC associated with platooning. It was found that the three implemented systems could reduce the average fuel consumption by 11.1 %.
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Kugblenu, Francis M., and Memon Asim. "Separation of Duty in Role Based Access." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för för interaktion och systemdesign, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4662.
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In today’s business world, many organizations use Information Systems to many their sensitive and business critical information. The need to protect such a key component of the organization cannot be over emphasized. Access control has been found to be one of the effective ways of insuring that only authorized users have access to the information resources to perform their job function. Role Based Access Control has been found to be the access control mechanism that fits naturally with the organizational structure of businesses. Separation of duties is a security principle that has been used extensively to prevent conflict of interest, fraud and error control in organizations. In this thesis, we identify the various forms of separation of duties in role based access control systems. We also do a case study of the role based access control system in the banking application of a financial institution.
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Barnett, William Halbert. "Duty Cycle Maintenance in an Artificial Neuron." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/phy_astr_theses/7.
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Neuroprosthetics is at the intersection of neuroscience, biomedical engineering, and physics. A biocompatible neuroprosthesis contains artificial neurons exhibiting biophysically plausible dynamics. Hybrid systems analysis could be used to prototype such artificial neurons. Biohybrid systems are composed of artificial and living neurons coupled via real-time computing and dynamic clamp. Model neurons must be thoroughly tested before coupled with a living cell. We use bifurcation theory to identify hazardous regimes of activity that may compromise biocompatibility and to identify control strategies for regimes of activity desirable for functional behavior. We construct real-time artificial neurons for the analysis of hybrid systems and demonstrate a mechanism through which an artificial neuron could maintain duty cycle independent of variations in period.
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Sjölund, Rickard, and Nicklas Vedin. "Steering System Modelling for Heavy Duty Vehicles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119770.
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Future heavy duty vehicles will be designed and manufactured with improved Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, ADAS. When developing ADAS, an accurate model of the vehicle dynamics greatly simplifies the development process. One element integral to the vehicle lateral dynamics and development of ADAS is the steering system. This thesis aims to develop an accurate model of a heavy duty vehicle steering system suitable for simulations. The input to the system is an input torque at the steering wheel and the output is the wheel angle. Physical models of the system components are developed using bond graphs and known relations. Some components are modelled with non-linear inefficiencies and friction of different complexity. Unknown parameters and functions are identified from measurement data using system identification tools such as, for example, linear regression and non-linear grid search. The different subsystems are identified separately to the extent deemed possible. Different model designs are considered, validated, and compared. The advantages and disadvantages of different model choices are discussed. Finally, a non-linear state space model is selected for its high accuracy and efficiency. As this final model can be used to simulate a heavy duty vehicle steering system on a desktop computer faster than real time, it fulfills its purpose.
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Belerique, Rosa M. "Active duty student success| A proposed framework." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1582852.
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<p> The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the factors that predict active duty student persistence to graduating within four years. Data were taken from a secondary data source from a fall 2009 entering cohort from a university referenced here as Ridgeside University (RU). A binary logistic regression was employed in the analysis of the data. Results of the regression indicated that race, sex, military branch, program major, and primary funding type were significant in some extent in predicting active duty student four year completion. Implications of the results and recommendations for future studies conclude this research.</p>
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Dyo, V. "Adaptive duty cycling in mobile sensor networks." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18993/.
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Mobile wireless sensor networks have recently attracted considerable attention. In particular, there is a significant interest in applying mobile sensor networks to wildlife and environmental monitoring, medical, and human-centric applications. Energy is a critical factor for most real deployments of sensor networks: many mobile applications, such as environmental monitoring ones, require months of unattended operation of large number of small battery-operated nodes. Due to slow advancements in battery and energy harvesting technologies, energy efficiency will remain an important issue for a long time. The general approach to energy saving in wireless sensor networks is to coordinate the wake-up time of nodes to maximize their sleep time while achieving application goals such as low latency or high throughput. A number of duty-cycling solutions have been proposed for static sensor networks. These solutions often assume a fixed topology and use scheduling techniques to coordinate the wakeup of nodes depending on traffic flows. However, in some applications, a fixed network topology cannot be assumed as some sensors are mobile: duty cycling in mobile networks is challenging because nodes need to continuously scan for neighbours, which is an energy intensive process. This thesis investigates the issues related to duty cycling of mobile wireless networks. We argue that duty cycling in mobile networks has to be adaptive to both mobility and traffic patterns. The thesis presents a two-level approach which exploits temporal connectivity patterns and offers practical techniques for duty cycling in sparse and dense scenarios. At macro level, the uncertainty of node discovery is a primary reason of power consumption, which causes the mobile nodes to periodically scan or listen for neighbours, draining battery. At this level, the approach is based on adapting the node discovery procedure to temporal activity patterns inherent to human-centric and animal-centric applications. At micro-level, the uncertainty of packet arrival is a major source of power consumption, and the approach mitigates this by using short-term synchronization, which constrains the packet arrival time to predefined time slots. The evaluation of the approach is performed through both simulation & implementation and deployment on a real sensor testbed. In particular, the performance of the macro level protocol is evaluated through simulation with real human and animal mobility traces and through deployment in Wytham Woods (Oxford) for badger tracking. The performance of micro-level protocol is evaluated through measurements on a small scale testbed.
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Green-Flint, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Intersections among trust, duty, and organizational culture." Thesis, Shenandoah University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3737781.
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<p> Understanding why some individuals trust the organization, why other individuals do not trust the organization, and how trust influences action and culture is an important organizational tool. For organizations, the relationship between these three concepts helps select, place, and manage employees.</p><p> This research examined the National Testing Site (NTS) in Mercury, Nevada during the Cold War as a total institution environment experienced by service members who were involved in the development and testing of thermonuclear weaponry. The intersection among the forces of trust, duty, and organizational culture, and how they affected a soldier’s professional and personal actions, were the study’s essential constructs. This study was guided by the following research questions: What role, if any, did the relationship among trust, duty, and organizational culture play as the service members experienced their environment? To what extend did the cultural imperatives of trust, duty, and organizational culture (including rank) influence the organization from the perspective of the service members at the NTS?</p><p> This research examined the service members’ sense-making processes related to their experience of their environment using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Three sources of historical documents were analyzed: oral histories, court documents, and personal memoranda and letters.</p><p> Findings indicated self-identity determined the degree in which the individual trusted the command structure or scientific data and that self-identity predicted the object of the individual’s trust and the degree of influence duty had in compliance with the organizational culture. Findings suggested both trust and distrust were evident in service members’ experience of the NTS. However, distrust was a fluctuating construct and occurred in tandem with trust and in isolation from trust. Finally, analysis revealed no direct references to patriotism, a remarkable finding in the Korean War and McCarthy Cold War era on a military base. These findings provided support for the understanding of organizational culture as dynamic, interlaced with individual identity, and as key factors in the relationship with trust and duty.</p>
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Deng, Qichen. "Heavy-Duty Vehicle Platooning : Modeling and Analysis." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, ekonomi och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-181934.
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Coupled with the growth of world economy, the demand for freight transport has escalated and will continue to do so. As the traffic intensity increases, the pressure on infrastructure, energy usage and environment becomes higher than ever. Meanwhile, the number of traffic accidents is also increasing year by year as a result. Heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) platooning makes a group of HDVs driving closely after each other.It is one potential solution to improve transport efficiency, traffic safety and fuel economy. Even though there have been extensive studies on the platooning system and corresponding fuel saving, some of the research areas, such as coordination strategies of platooning, platoon operations and the impacts of HDV platooning on trafficflow are still left open. Under a futuristic scenario where a large number of HDVswill be operating in one or several platoons on highway, how to group HDVs intoa platoon and how to select spacing policies for HDV platooning are essential forautomobile manufacturers, fleet operators and transport planners. Therefore, theformation strategies and operations of HDV platoons, as well as the impacts of HDVplatooning on traffic flow have to be carefully investigated. This thesis presents contributions to the modeling of HDV platooning and simulationof HDV platoon operations. The focus lies mainly on analytical formulation ofspeed-density relation of mixed traffic flow and development of simulation frameworkfor study of HDV platooning. On the one hand, a three-regime speed-density relationis proposed to describe the mixed traffic flow consisting of HDVs and passengercars. The proposed speed-density relation incorporates percentage of HDVs, trafficdensity and spacing policy of HDV platoons as input variables and delivers aggregatehighway velocity as output. By comparing the traffic throughput of no HDV platooningscenario, grouping HDVs into platoon using constant vehicle spacing policy orconstant time gap policy results in significant improvement in highway capacity. On the other hand, a simulation framework is developed for implementation of differentHDV platoon operations. The platoon formation of two HDVs and disaggregation ofa five-HDV platoon at off-ramp are simulated on a two-lane highway. The simulationoutcomes show that HDV platoon formation is more favorable in light and mediumtraffic; disaggregation of a long HDV platoon at off-ramp improves the averagespeed of passenger vehicles considerably at high traffic flow rate.<br><p>QC 20160210</p>
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Liang, Kuo-Yun. "Fuel-Efficient Heavy-Duty Vehicle Platoon Formation." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187350.
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There is a need for intelligent freight transport solutions as the demand for road freight transport is continuously increasing while carbon footprint needs to be significantly reduced. Heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) platooning is one potential solution to partially mitigate the environmental impacts as well as to reduce fuel consumption, improve traffic safety, and increase traffic throughput on congested highways. However, as each goods transport has different origin, destination, and time restriction, it is not evident how the HDVs, carrying the goods, can fully utilize the platooning benefits during individual transport missions. Thus, there is a need to systematically coordinate scattered vehicles on the road to form platoons in order to maximize the benefits of platooning. This thesis addresses the problem of merging scattered HDVs to form platoons in traffic. The first contribution of the thesis is the investigation of how and when a pair of HDVs should form platoons given their positions, speeds, and destinations. We formulate the problem as an optimization problem and we derive a break-even ratio that describes how far a vehicle should check for possible vehicles to platoon with. The second contribution is to consider traffic during the merging maneuver when forming a platoon. Traffic may disturb and delay when the two HDVs will form a platoon and such delay leads to less fuel saved than initially planned. Based on shockwave and moving bottleneck theories, we derive a merge distance predictor that calculates where the HDVs will merge depending on the traffic condition. We first validate this in a microscopic traffic simulation tool. Then, we also conduct an experimental study during one month on a public highway between Stockholm and Södertälje to evaluate the merging maneuver with different traffic densities. Lastly, we use vehicle probe data obtained from a fleet management system to investigate the potential fuel savings from coordination in a larger road network. The number of vehicles platooning can be increased significantly through coordination compared to today. The main result of this thesis indicates that merging HDVs to form platoons leads to great fuel savings and that there are significant potentials to do so in reality. Traffic needs to be considered in order to guarantee that the HDVs save fuel and deliver the goods in time. Furthermore, the earlier the transport assignment is planned ahead of time, the more opportunities there are to collaborate with other fleet owners to reduce the fuel consumption.<br>Det finns behov av intelligenta godstransportlösningar då efterfrågan av godstransporter ständig ökar samtidigt som koldioxidutsläppen måste minskas. Fordonståg (även kallat kolonnkörning eller på engelska platooning) är en möjlig lösning för att delvis minska på miljöpåverkan, samtidigt som det minskar på bränsleförbrukningen, ökar trafiksäkerheten och förbättrar trafikflödet. Då många godstransporter har olika start- och slutdestinationer och tidsfrister, är det inte självklart hur man ska bilda fordonståg och utnyttja konceptet fullt ut. Det behövs en systematisk metod att koordinera utspridda fordon för att forma fordonståg för att kunna utnyttja det till fullo. I denna avhandling studeras problemet att koordinera utspridda lastbilar för att bilda fordonståg i trafiken. Fokuset på avhandlingen är att undersöka bränsleeffektiva koordineringsstrategier där alla lastbilar medverkar och hjälper till att forma fordonståg när de redan kör på vägen. En lastbil som kör snabbare för att köra ikapp förbrukar mer bränsle, men den förlusten kan återfås om man kör i fordonståg tillräckligt länge. En lastbil har också möjligheten att sakta ner för att låta de bakre lastbilarna köra ikapp, men då förlorar den transporttid vilket måste kompenseras genom att köra gemensamt snabbare när fordonståget bildas eller efter att fordonståget splittras då lastbilen kör ensam. Dessutom finns det andra trafikanter som kan påverka koordineringen i form av förseningar. Det första bidraget av avhandlingen är en undersökning om hur och när två lastbilar ska forma fordonståg med avseende på deras positioner, hastigheter och destinationer. Problemet är formulerat som ett optimeringsproblem och vi introducerar en brytpunkt som beskriver inom vilket avstånd ett fordon ska se för att hitta möjliga kandidater att köra i fordonståg med. Det andra bidraget är att undersöka hur trafiken påverkar koordineringen av lastbilarna. Trafiken kan störa och även försena de två lastbilar som försöker bilda ett fordonståg, vilket innebär en minde bränslebesparing än planerat. Vi tar fram en modell för att prediktera när fordonståg kommer att bildas där metoden bygger på fundamentaldiagram och chockvågsteorier. Vi validerar modellen med hjälp av en mikroskopisk trafiksimuleringsmodell. Vi utför även experiment under en månadsperiod på motorvägen mellan Stockholm och Södertälje för att utvärdera sammanslagningen under olika trafikförhållanden. Till sist använder vi positionsdata från ett fleet managementsystem för att undersöka den potentiella bränslebesparingen genom koordinering i ett störrre vägnätverk. Antalet lastbilar som kör i fordonståg kan öka drastiskt genom koordinering jämfört med nuläget. Slutsatsen av avhandlingen är att koordinering av lastbilar för att bilda fordonståg leder till stora bränslebesparingar och att det finns möjligheter att genomföra det i praktiken. Det viktiga är att betrakta trafiken för att garantera att lastbilarna sparar bränsle samt att godsen levereras i tid. Dessutom, ju tidigare man planerar sina transporter, desto mera möjligheter finns det att samarbeta med andra åkerier för att minska på bränsleförbrukningen.<br><p>QC 20160520</p>
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Birksjö, Marcus. "Event-based diagnostics in heavy-duty vehicles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129589.
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The integration of small computer units in vehicles has made new and more complex functionalitypossible within the vehicle industry. To verify that the functionality is working and to troubleshoot it when a fault is detected requires a set of diagnostic services. Due to the increasing complexity of the functionality the diagnostic services need to extract more data to be able to diagnose the functionality. This causes an increased network load which soon threatens to become too high for some of the current networks. New ways to diagnose functionality in vehicles are therefore needed. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the need for an event-based service within the domain of vehicle diagnostics as well as presenting a recommendation of how sucha service should be designed. The thesis also aimed at eliciting obstacles and pitfalls connected with the implementation of the service in the current software architecture in heavy duty vehicles. An industrial case study was performed at the Swedish company Scania to elicit the potential need, problems and limitations with an event-based service for vehicle diagnostics. First a set of experts representing different domains within vehicle diagnostics were interviewed to investigate the need and potential of the service for different use cases. Requirements were elicited and compared with the service ResponseOnEvent defined inthe ISO standard 14229-1:2013. A decision was then made to diverge from the standard inorder to increase the number of fulfilled requirements and flexibility of the service. A new proprietary service was therefore created and evaluated through a proof of concept wherea prototype of the service was implemented in one client and one server control unit. A final recommendation was then given suggesting how to implement an event-based service and how to solve the found problems. The elicitation of the need for an event-based service resulted a confirmed need in three different domains and 23 different requirements which the service ResponseOnEvent was compared against. The service failed to meet all the requirements and therefore a proprietary service was designed. The prototype implementation of the proprietary service showed on multiple difficulties connected to the realization of an event-based service in the current architecture. One of the biggest was the fact that diagnostic services was assumed to always have a one-to-one relation between request and response, which an event-based service would not have. Different workarounds were discovered and assessed. Another problem was the linking between an event triggered response message and the triggercondition. It was concluded that some restrictions would have to be made to facilitatethe process of linking a response to its trigger condition. Non-determinism was another problem, since there were no guarantees that an event would not trigger too often causinga bus overload. In the final recommendation there are suggestions of how to solve these problems and some suggested areas for further research. The thesis confirms the need for a new way to diagnose vehicle functionality due to their increased complexity and the limited bandwidth of some of today’s in-vehicle networks. The event-based service ResponseOnEvent offers a good alternative but might lacksome key functionality. Therefore it might be valuable to consider a proprietary service instead. Due to its nature, an event-based service might require a restructuring of thesystem architecture and limitations in the hardware might limit the usability and flexibilityof the service. Keywords: event-based service, Response on Event, ECU, Vehicle Diagnostics, UDS,KWP.
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af, Klintberg Max. "Predictive Modeling of Emissions : Heavy Duty Vehicles." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124452.
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Fagerström, Jonathan. "Longitudinal Control of a Heavy-Duty Vehicle." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-196221.
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Platooning and cooperative driving can decrease the emissions of greenhouse gases and increase the traffic capacity of the roads. The Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge, GCDC, is a competition that was held in May 2016 on highway A270, between Helmond and Eindhoven in the Netherlands. The competition is focused on cooperative driving. The participating teams are constellations of students and faculty from different uni-versities in Europe. A cornerstone in the GCDC is autonomous platooning. The main objective of this thesis is to design a state feedback controller for longitudinal control of a Scania truck, i.e., engine and braking control. This was done so the truck can keep an inter-vehicle distance and velocity. A linear quadratic regulator (LQR) for the platooning is derived. the controller is designed in MATLAB Simulink and implemented on a real time target, Speedgoat. For simulations of the regulator, Scania supplied a pre-compiled Simulink model of a similar truck, a G480 mining truck. The results of the competition show that the controller is capable of platooning based on RADAR (adaptive cruise con-trol) and vehicle to vehicle communication (cooperative adaptive cruise control). In the highway scenario the maximum deviation from desired distance in steady state was less than 4 m and the maximum deviation in velocity was less than 1 m/s. The controller is able to keep the truck at a certain distance from the preceding vehicle as well as keeping the same velocity. If the distance is decreased the truck will brake in a controlled manner to keep the distance. The KTH team finished in third place out of ten participating teams.<br>Konvojkörning och kooperativ körning kan minska utsläpp av växthusgaser och öka trafikkapaciteten på vägarna. Tävlingen The Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge, GCDC, är en tävling som hölls i maj 2016 på motorväg A270, mellan Helmond och Eindhoven i Nederländerna. Tävlingen är i kooperativ körning. De deltagande lagen är konstellationer av studenter och fakultetspersonal från olika universitet i Europa. Grunden för GCDC är autonom konvojkörning. Målet med den här examensjobbet är att utforma en tillståndsåterkoppling för longitudinell kontroll av en Scania-lastbil, med andra ord, motor- och bromskontroller. Det utfördes så att lastbilen kunde hålla ett bestämt avstånd till, och samma hastighet som, ett framförvarande fordon. En linjärk-vadratisk regulator (LQR) för konvojkörning härleds. Regulatorn utformades i MATLAB Simulink och implementerades i ett realtidssystem, en Speedgoat. För simuleringar av regulatorn bistod Scania med en förkompilerad Simulink-modell av en liknande lastbil, en G450 gruvlastbil. Resultaten av tävlingen visar att regulatorn kan utföra konvojkörning med RADAR-mätningar (adaptiv farthållare) och med fordon-till-fordon kommunikation (kooperativ adaptiv farthållare). I motorvägsscenariot i tävlingen är maximal avvikelse från önskat avstånd till framförvarande fordon i jämvikt mindre än 4 meter och den maximala avvikelsen i hastighet var mindre än 1 m/s. Regulatorn kan hålla lastbilen på ett visst avstånd från framförvarande fordon och samtidigt hålla samma hastighet. Om avståndet skulle krympa så bromsar regulatorn lastbilen på ett kontrollerat sätt för att behålla avståndet. Laget från KTH slutade på tredje plats av tio medverkande lag.
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Barratt, John Kirkman. "The fiduciary duty of a local governor." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275255.
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20<sup>th</sup> century assertions of a ‘ratepayers’ trust’ are echoes of the largely-forgotten ‘public trust’ applicable to all public expenditure decisions regulated by law. The dissertation seeks to demonstrate that: 1. Constitutional arrangements have evolved through compromises between central and local powers and have excluded judicial review from issues of administrative merit. Local expenditure’s administrative merits are therefore not controlled judicially, but by local democracy and central administrative processes. 2. Judges, traditionally influenced by government as ‘justice’, have continually defined unlawful decision-making by reference only to lack of authority or of judicious quality. 3. The House of Lords, in 1827, enforced restitution of misapplied public assets as a breach of trust, but did not add new lawfulness criteria. 4. When rates provided most non-prerogative public expenditure, and the regulative Municipal Corporations Act, 1835, brought borough funds within the public trust, ratepayers became frequent relator-litigants. 5. The public trust was never authoritatively confined to rate-funds. 6. No statute has created an additional ratepayers’ trust, and the Local Government Act, 1933, removed all previous ‘ratepayer’ rights as such. 7. Where expenditure is unlawful, but no private right is injured, the breach of public trust can be litigated only by the Attorney-General acting for the general public, by a local government auditor, or by a local authority on behalf of its inhabitants. Ratepayers, as such, have no standing. 8. Except, perhaps, for Lord Diplock in <i>Bromley</i> [1983], there is no judicial authority on which to found a local governor’s fiduciary duty beyond that of the public trust. 9. Despite the abolition of audit surcharge by the Local Government Act 2000, there remains jurisdiction to order local governors to compensate public funds for misapplication. 10. The Attorney-General’s quasi-judicial monopoly of relator actions is inevitably compromised in cases involving misapplication of central funds. The courts have jurisdiction to create an alternative process for compensation.
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Dennis, Edblom. "Optimal Formation of Heavy Duty Vehicle Platoons." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166748.
Full textAbstract:
Platooning has the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption, but with heavy duty vehicles scattered on roads driving alone, there is a need for coordination. One solution is for a vehicle to increase its speed to catch up and platoon with a preceding vehicle. This could reduce the fuel consumption of a mission, but it could also increase it if too much fuel is spent catching up. By finding the fuel consumption of catching up and platooning and comparing it to driving alone the decision of whether or not to catch up can be made. This thesis proposes a fuel-optimal algorithm based on a look-ahead controller taking future road topography into account to find the optimal trajectory and merge point when catching up to a preceding vehicle. By weighting time against fuel in the objective function, the addition of a state to keep track of time can be avoided and thus the algorithm can remain low in complexity, making it suitable for dynamic programming (DP). The DP algorithm is iterated in a forward fashion keeping track of the time-to-come for each state until it catches up to the preceding vehicle, then the platooning is simulated with a constant time gap, making it easy and fast to simulate. The algorithm is tested on real-world road topography data where it showed that taking road topography into account when choosing the merge point can have a significant fuel reduction.
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Theart, M. "The Duty to Adapt to Climate Change." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4739.
Full textAbstract:
The UNFCCC predicts that it is highly likely that global warming will cause sea-levelrise and coastal inundation and that may cause extensive damage to coastalproperty owners. There is little we can do to prevent these coastal hazards, but wecan adapt to climate change. This dissertation explores the possibility of theexistence of a legal duty to adapt to climate change in the legal jurisdictions ofQueensland, Australia and South Africa. It is argued that such a duty will most likelyfall on the government of a legal jurisdiction. The relevant policy and statutoryplanning regimes of both jurisdictions is firstly explored, from wide overarchingenvironmental policies to more specific planning statutes. Generally, the variouspolicies and statutes in both jurisdictions require public authorities to integrateclimate change considerations into planning decisions and decisions relating toenvironmental impact assessments, but this cannot be said to be a legal duty toadapt to climate change. It is then explored whether the duty can be said to exist incommon law. The common law is an ill-suited instrument to deal with modernissues such as climate change, owing to its roots in the industrial era. However, it isinherently flexible and is capable of being developed by the courts. Its application inthe public sphere is restricted by the doctrine of the separation of powers and socalled'tort-reforms.' The focus of this inquiry is on the 'duty of care' doctrine of thetort of negligence as applied in Australia and the element of 'unlawfulness' in theSouth African delictual system. The possibility of there being a duty of care on theQueensland and Commonwealth government towards coastal private propertyowners to adapt to climate change is dependent on the interpretation of tortreforms and the development of rules regulating the role the judiciary plays inpolicy-making. In South Africa, whether it is unlawful for the State to omit to adaptto climate change might well depend on State resources and the interpretation ofthe Constitution and its role in the common law.
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Eriksson, Björn. "Heavy duty : on the demands of consequentialism /." [Stockholm] : Almqvist & Wiksell, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35794516v.
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Andrei, Paul. "Real world heavy-duty vehicle emissions modeling." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2048.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 100 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-100).