Relevant bibliographies by topics / DVD studio pro

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'DVD studio pro'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "DVD studio pro"

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Heller, Stephen R. "Adobe Premier Pro 2.0 − Studio Techniques By Jacob Rosenberg. Adobe (Peachpit) Press: Berkeley, CA. 2006. 624 pp and DVD. ISBN 0-321-38547-0. Softcover. U.S. $54.99." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 47, no. 1 (December 9, 2006): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci600535t.

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Ženíšek, Pavel. ""Encounter" and "Going Forth": Key Missionary Concepts of Pope Francis." Studia theologica 24, no. 4 (January 25, 2023): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/sth.2022.040.

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Moon, Tony. "J.H. King on Initial Evidence: Did He Change?" Journal of Pentecostal Theology 14, no. 2 (2006): 261–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0966736906056555.

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AbstractJ.H. King, who is commonly viewed as one of the most important early twentieth-century Pentecostal leaders in the United States, was one of the strong proponents of the teaching that tongues speech is the invariable, immediate evidence of Spirit Baptism. Douglas Jacobsen argues in his 2003 book, Thinking in the Spirit, that King modified his position on normative initial evidence tongues in the second edition of From Passover to Pentecost. This article challenges that thesis. After looking at King’s pro-initial evidence polemic in the ‘Introduction’ of G.F. Taylor’s The Spirit and the Bride, and especially in the first edition of From Passover to Pentecost, this article deals with some King remarks in the second edition of the latter volume—remarks that Jacobsen interprets as King vacillating in his understanding of that doctrine. The bulk of the article contends that Jacobsen’s reading amounts to a substantial historical and literary decontextualization of those statements. Rather than interpreting them as King equivocating on initial evidence, they are more accurately understood as King articulating Christian prophetic ministry as (1) the supreme sign of the inaugurated ‘Pentecostal Era’, and as (2) a post-Spirit Baptismal confirmation of a genuine, tongue-certified Spirit Baptism experience.
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Molnar, Paul D. "Was Barth a pro-Nicene theologian? Reflections onNicaea and its legacy." Scottish Journal of Theology 64, no. 3 (June 29, 2011): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930611000160.

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If this very weighty and important book did nothing else than establish the fact for modern systematic theology that the trinitarian theology of the fourth century cannot be understood properly by dividing Eastern from Western theology with the usual statement that the former begins with the three persons and moves towards the divine unity while the latter begins with the divine unity and moves towards the three persons, then something truly significant would have been accomplished (Nicaea, pp. 52, 384). Why? Because then one would not be able to trace a supposed modalist tendency directly from Augustine through much Western theology to contemporary theologians such as Barth in order to argue for a view of God's triunity which actually could undermine the full divinity of each of the persons of the Trinity who in reality exist eternally as three persons, one being. Consider, for instance, the remark made by Ted Peters that ‘There is no inherent reason for assuming that the three persons have to be identical or equal in nature.’ If one studies the development of fourth-century trinitarian theology, I think one would find many reasons to insist that the three persons are in fact equal in nature, among which are that any other assertion would undermine the divinity of the Son, lead to some sort of subordinationism or adoptionism (what Barth called Ebionite christology), and would ultimately strip the Gospel of its saving power.
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Newsinger, John. "What Did You Do During the War? The last throes of the British pro-Nazi Right, 1940–45." Race & Class 59, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396817705250.

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Fauzi, Moh Hasan. "Analisis Hermeneutika Kiai Ahmad Yasin Asmuni: Studi Q.S. Al-Nisa’ Dalam Tafsir Ma Asabak." Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan 13, no. 02 (December 28, 2018): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/adabiya.v13i02.22.

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This article would like to see how far the work of Kiai Ahmmad Yasin Asmuni, Tafsir Ma Asabak. Kiai Yasin is one of productive man about the Arabic work and its meaning. In this case, he was a poiner of the meaningful yellow book. The researcher is going to focus about how Kiai Yasin arranged Tafsir Ma> As}a>bak. What this work was pure of his thought or only took from other works. How far his understanding about ulumul qur’an in his work. What he did something contextually in his work. Those questions what are going to explain in this article. Finally, researcher found pro and contra on the publication of Kiai Yasin’s works, there is a little bit different understanding than before and theological substance was strong. On making this researcher is going to use hermeneutic analysis to explore it.
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Goehr, Lydia. "Did Bach Compose Musical Works? Thinking with Adorno through Paradigms of Possibility." New German Critique 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0094033x-8732131.

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Abstract This essay presents Theodor W. Adorno’s case pro and contra the regulation of the work-concept in a tradition that long sustained a great 1800 divide. The case is made through the provocation offered in Lydia Goehr’s Imaginary Museum of Musical Works that “Bach did not intend to compose musical works.” The essay investigates the many references to Johann Sebastian Bach in Adorno’s aesthetic, social, and philosophical writings to show that his Bach case was not merely illustrative but paradigmatic of every case he made for a critical theory of possibility. Adorno’s case was an urgent matter of rescue and justice, made by linking Bach’s compositions to Arnold Schoenberg’s paradigmata of a possible music through the mediation of the work-concept for which Ludwig van Beethoven was made in the tradition paradigmatically to stand.
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Isales, Carlos, Ke-Hong Ding, Wendy Bollag, Meghan McGee-Lawrence, William Hill, Xing-ming Shi, Sadanand Fulzele, and Mark Hamrick. "3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid Administration Did Not Prevent Age Related Bone Loss." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2547.

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Abstract Aging is associated with accumulation of various tryptophan degradation products that may having either bone anabolic or catabolic effects. In epidemiologic studies, elevated levels of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) are associated with a higher bone mineral density (BMD). We have previously shown that the C57BL/6 mouse loses bone mass with age. Thus, we hypothesized that administering 3-HAA via a daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection would result in preserved or increased BMD. In an IACUC-approved protocol, we injected 26-month-old C57BL/6 mice with either a low dose (0.5 mg) or high dose (5 mg) of 3-HAA IP five days a week for eight weeks. At the end of this time mice were sacrificed and body composition and bone mineral density measured by DigiMus. BMD was significantly lower in the high dose 3-HAA group: 0.0570 + 0.004 vs 0.0473 + 0.006 vs 0.0432 + 0.0075 gm/cm2, (means+SD, Control vs 0.5 mg 3HAA vs 5 mg 3HAA, p=0.004, 0 vs 5.0 mg, n=6-9/group). 3-HAA had no significant impact on body composition (lean body mass: 86.7 + 1.7% vs 86.2 + 2.7% vs 86.1 + 2.0%, Control vs 0.5 mg vs 5.0 mg 3-HAA, p=ns; and fat mass 12.6 + 2.0% vs 13.8 + 2.7% vs 13.9 + 2.0% vs 0.2%, Control vs 0.5 vs 5 mg 3-HAA, p=ns). Thus, 3-HAA did not prevent bone loss in older mice but instead significantly worsened bone loss. 3-HAA is known to have both pro- and anti- oxidant effects depending on the environment. These data would suggest that at the higher concentrations 3-HAA is acting predominantly as a pro-oxidant molecule accelerating age-related bone loss.
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Scheibling, Casey. "“Real Heroes Care”: How Dad Bloggers Are Reconstructing Fatherhood and Masculinities." Men and Masculinities 23, no. 1 (December 9, 2018): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x18816506.

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“Dad bloggers” are an emerging community of fathers in North America. These men use social media to document and discuss their experiences as parents and gather annually at the Dad 2.0 Summit. A central topic of discussion both online and offline is how involved fathers negotiate and rework gender roles and expectations. This study examines how dad bloggers create and engage with discourse about masculinities. Using blog posts, fieldwork observations, and interviews as data, I present qualitative findings illustrating the ways in which dad bloggers challenge traditional notions of masculinity, construct “caring masculinities,” and adopt a pro-feminist perspective. Despite certain tensions and contradictions within the community, I argue that dad bloggers are reconstructing fatherhood and masculinities in ways that promote care and equality overall.
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Lukin, P. V., and S. V. Polekhov. "Why Did Lord Novgorod the Great Fall? The Novgorod Republic and Its Neighbors in 1470–1471." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 92, S5 (September 2022): S367—S384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331622110090.

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Abstract This article is devoted to the last decades of the existence of the independent Novgorod Republic and its fall. The events of 1470–1471, namely, the attempts to call into service a prince from Lithuania, to conclude an alliance with Lithuania and with the Teutonic Order in Livonia, and the campaign of Ivan III and the military defeat of Lord Novgorod the Great, have been considered on a wide background of social and political development of Novgorod the Great throughout the fifteenth century, in the context of the history of its foreign relations and the position of its neighbors, the organization of its armed forces, with a comprehensive account of a variety of sources (not only chronicles but also charters, epistolary and literary sources, etc.) and a rich research literature. In contrast to the approaches widespread in historiography, emphasis has been placed on contemporary reliable sources rather than on later ideological interpretations. Analysis of the chronicles also involves textual criticism. The authors have come to the conclusion that the defeat of the Novgorod Republic was caused not only by social, particularly religious, conflicts that were emphasized by the Moscow side but rather by the complex international situation, which the military and political organization of Novgorod was no longer consistent with, and the inability of the opposing pro-Moscow and pro-Lithuanian parties to offer a convincing ideological line and, consequently, strategy of action in these circumstances.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "DVD studio pro"

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Birger, Elizabeth Rachel. "A pedagogical approach to the incorporation of level-appropriate Russian literature into the collegiate vocal studio /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1850439491&SrchMode=1&sid=9&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1278702657&clientId=22256.

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Thesis (D.A.)--University of Mississippi, 2008.
Typescript. Vita. "May 2008." Major professor: Dr. Bradley Robinson Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-101). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Gutshall, Elise M. "The twenty-first century vocal pedagogue : a mediator and translator for the vocal studio and its interdisciplinary colleagues /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2006. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=1&did=1394646451&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1216912635&clientId=22256.

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Wright-Henderson, Jacquita L. "Increasing retention of Wilmington campus Delaware Technical and Community College students by implementing methods of support for students who begin their studies at the pre-college level." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 155 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1257778771&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Anand, Sridhar. "Structure-toxicity relationship studies of the sesquiterpene lactone repin /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1850447711&SrchMode=1&sid=5&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1279129305&clientId=22256.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2008.
Typescript. Vita. "May 2008." Major professor: Dr. John M. Rimoldi Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-143). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Shukla, Yatin Jagannath. "Phytochemical studies of botanicals : Hoodia Gordonii and Caralluma species /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1799143131&SrchMode=1&sid=7&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268341330&clientId=22256.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2009.
Typescript. Vita. Major professor: Dr. Ikhlas A. Khan Includes bibliographical references (leaves 277-303). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Ganesan, Shobana. "Mechanistic studies of metabolism and toxicity of 8- aminoquinolines/." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1798968881&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268338640&clientId=22256.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2009.
Typescript. Vita. "May 2009." Major professor: Dr. Larry Walker Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-168). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Yang, Li. "Studies on the effects of pharmacological agents on endotoxin induced pulmonary injury." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=764805101&SrchMode=2&sid=10&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233179468&clientId=23440.

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Hall, Deborah C. "History and social studies curricula shifting paradigms for the twenty-first century /." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=764748101&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233792221&clientId=23440.

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Jia, Haifeng. "Equilibrium dimerization and DNA binding studies of the bacteriophage lambda Cro repressor variants /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2006. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1379527481&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1217432334&clientId=22256.

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Tang, Chao. "Microbial diversity studies in sediments of perennially ice-covered lakes, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957340921&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1269022997&clientId=48051.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 20, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Books on the topic "DVD studio pro"

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Ramseier, Adrian. DVD studio pro 3. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 2005.

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DVD Studio Pro 4. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006.

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Ramseier, Adrain. DVD Studio Pro. Berkeley, Calif: Peachpit, 2003.

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Martin, Sitter, and Sitter Martin, eds. DVD studio pro 4. 3rd ed. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 2010.

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Sitter, Martin. DVD studio pro 4. 3rd ed. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 2010.

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Loy, Marc. DVD studio pro 3 in the studio. Beijing: O'Reilly, 2005.

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Sitter, Martin. DVD Studio Pro 1.5 for Macintosh. Berkeley, Calif: Peachpit, 2003.

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DVD studio pro 3 in the studio. Cambridge, MA: O'Reilly, 2005.

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Sitter, Martin. DVD studio pro 4. 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 2008.

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Adrian, Ramseier, ed. DVD studio pro 4. 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "DVD studio pro"

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Beck, Evelyn Torton. "On Being a Pre-Feminist Feminist OR How I Came to Women’s Studies and What I Did There." In The Evolution of American Women's Studies, 117–30. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230616677_8.

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Van Bavel, Bas. "Looking for the islands of equality in a sea of inequality. Why did some societies in pre-industrial Europe have relatively low levels of wealth inequality?" In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect, 431–56. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.27.

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This paper scrutinizes the insights won by recent studies in wealth inequality in pre-industrial Europe. It focuses on the regions and periods where levels of inequality were relatively low, trying to arrive at an inventory of causes of these exceptions. It discusses catastrophic events, colonization and revolution as possible causes, but argues that these only occasionally had a leveling effect, depending on the social and institutional context in which they occurred. Most clearly wealth accumulation was restricted, even by maximums on ownership, where associative organizations held a solid position, and market and state played lesser roles as coordination systems.
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"Using DVD Studio Pro." In Designing Menus with DVD Studio Pro, 95–128. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080494432-10.

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"The DVD Menu." In Designing Menus with DVD Studio Pro, 13–30. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080494432-6.

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"Preparing Still Menus." In Designing Menus with DVD Studio Pro, 129–50. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080494432-11.

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"Preparing Layered Menus." In Designing Menus with DVD Studio Pro, 151–66. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080494432-12.

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"Preparing Motion Menus." In Designing Menus with DVD Studio Pro, 167–90. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080494432-13.

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"Chapter Menus and Navigation." In Designing Menus with DVD Studio Pro, 191–216. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080494432-14.

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"The Setup Menu." In Designing Menus with DVD Studio Pro, 217–34. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080494432-15.

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"Adjusting VTS Order." In Designing Menus with DVD Studio Pro, 235–40. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080494432-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "DVD studio pro"

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Angles-Cano, E., R. Pannell, and V. Gurewich. "FIBRIN-BINDING STUDIES OF PRO-UROKINASE (PRO-UK) USING SOLID PHASE FIBRIN PLATES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642904.

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Pro-UK is a single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) which has fibrin selective thrombolytic properties. However, quantitative data on pro-UK binding to fibrin and on the mechanism of its fibrin enhanced activation of plasminogen have been difficult to obtain. In the present study, a well defined fibrin network constructed on glutaraldehyde-activated PVC plates (Anal. Biochem. 153 : 201-210, 1986) and highly purified pro-UK (99 % scu-PA) were used. Binding was investigated as follows : varying dilutions of pro-UK in the presence of a trace amount of I-labeled pro-UK in buffer without or with glu-plasminogen, plasmin or oC -thrombin and in urine, plasma or serum, were incubated overnight at 4°C and then 2 h at 37°C in the fibrin plates. After washing, the wells were cut out and counted in a gamma-counter. The labeled pro-UK and the effect of enzymes on scu-PA were investigated by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. In parallel experiments, the activity of the fibrin bound and unbound products was investigated spectrophotometrically by adding glu-plasminogen and a synthetic substrate selective for plasmin. The binding of pro-UK to fibrin was 1.7 ± 0.1 % in buffer and 0.2 ± 0.08 % in plasma, as determined from isotopic and spectro-photometric measurements. This binding is similar to that of (0.13 ± 0.05%) two-chain urokinase (plasmin-transformed scu-PA), but is extremely low compared to the specific binding of tPA (68 - 4%). By contrast, in urine, 11.2 ± 4.47 % binding of pro-UK to fibrin was observed. Thrombin did not modify the binding but transformed scu-PA into a two-chain molecule which had lost activity. These data indicate that pro-UK has little affinity for fibrin under these conditions but that some binding may be induced by a co-factor which is present in urine. Confirmation that thrombin degrades scu-PA was obtained and it is suggested that this effect may help to regulate fibrinolysis.
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Krákora, David, and Petr Hořejší. "Porovnání dvou technických variant pro virtuální trénink." In Průmyslové inženýrství 2020. Západočeská univerzita, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/pi.2020.09693.084-092.

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Tento článek se zabývá srovnáním dvou technologií z hlediska využití pro virtuální trénink. Vychází z konceptu digitalizace podnikových dat, které jsou zaměřené na školení a výrobní postupy. Cílem je porovnat dvě technologie, které je možné využívat pro školení a trénování nových zaměstnanců. Pro objektivní porovnání byla vytvořena pilotní studie, ve které se obě varianty testovaly na vybrané skupině. Výsledkem je vizualizace porovnání a výběr efektivnější varianty pro virtuální tréninky.
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Thi Phuong Anh, Le, and Edwin Rajah. "Using Chatbots in Customer Service: A Case Study of Air New Zealand." In Rangahau Horonuku Hou – New Research Landscapes, Unitec/MIT Research Symposium 2021. Unitec ePress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/proc.2206011.

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The use of chatbots in a customer-service context is one instance of the application of digital technology to generate a competitive advantage for business. Chatbot service offers precise, instant and tailored responses for customer enquiries through a range of communication channels to many users simultaneously. However, there are concerns about customers’ perceptions of whether chatbots offer a human-like experience in customer-service interactions. The focus of this study is to investigate customers’ perceptions of the use of Air New Zealand’s chatbot customer service and its effects on customer satisfaction. This exploratory study adopted qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews for the collection of primary data from 11 users of Air New Zealand’s chatbot service, Bravo Oscar Tango (Oscar). The results show that the chatbot service is appropriate for solving routine customer problems, providing standardised information for frequently asked questions (FAQs) and resolving non-complex customer issues. Generally, respondents were satisfied with Oscar’s service quality. However, customers perceived that the customer-service interactions lack the human-like qualities of a human customer-service agent for resolving complex customer queries. The quality of the chatbot service did not substantially impact on customers’ overall satisfaction with Air New Zealand.
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Evely, R. S., F. E. Preston, D. R. Triger, C. R. M. Hay, M. C. Greves, and J. C. E. Underwood. "TYPE III PRO-COLLAGEN PEPTIDE IN LIVER DISEASE IN HAEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644022.

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During the past 10 years we have carried out liver biopsies on haemophiliacs with biochemical evidence of chronic liver disease (CLD). To date 44 biopsies have been obtained from 35 patients. Histological diagnoses are Chronic Persistent Hepatitis (CPH) 24, Chronic Aggressive Hepatitis (CAH) 11 and Cirrhosis 9. Serial biopsies indicate that progressive liver disease is now a serious problem in haemophilia. Liver biopsy is not without risk and therefore it is important to identify factors which may be of value in predicting the nature of the liver disease or its progression. Since intra-hepatic fibrosis is a feature of CLD we measured Type III amino terminal propeptide of pro-collagen (PC III) by radio-immunoassay on samples taken within a mean of 4.8 months of the liver biopsy. A normal range was established as 4.3 - 15.7ng/ml on healthy subjects (median 7.0). Median values and ranges for patients with CPH (N=13), CAH (N=5) and cirrhosis (N=5) were 8 (5.4 - 23.4), 14.2 (7.2 - 19.8) and 14.2 (11.2 - 23.0)ng/ml respectively. Although pro-collagen III values tended to be higher in progressive liver disease (CAH and cirrhosis) this did not reach statistical significance. It would, therefore, appear that unlike serum IgG, pro-collagen III will not be a valuable predictor of progressive liver disease in haemophilia. A larger study is necessary to clarify this.
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Huan, X., Y. Legrand, J. Soria, C. Soria, J. Caen, and J. Fareed. "STUDIES ON THE ANTITHROMBOTIC ACTIONS OF A COLLAGEN PEPTIDE IN A DEFINED MODEL OF VENOUS THROMBOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644496.

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The synthesis and biologic actions of a collagen peptide Lys-Pro-Gly-Glu-Pro-Gly-Pro-Lys (CP) were first reported by Fauvel, et. al. in 1979. This peptide was found to inhibit collagen induced aggregation of platelets and to modulate clot formation and specific collagen induced fibrinogen binding by platelets. CP exhibited antithrombotic actions in a modified venous stasis thrombosis model (rabbit) against defined thrombogenic challenges, (ED50;(IV) 0.5 − 2.5 mg/kg; (SC) 2.5 − 7.5 mg/kg). The antithrombotic actions of this peptide exhibited a short half-life (10 minutes) after IV administration. Preincubation of this peptide with trypsin, carboxypeptidase A, carboxypeptidase B and pancreatic protease complex resulted in a loss of the antithrombotic action. Specific protease inhibitors were found to protect the peptide from this degradation effect. CP did not exert any effect on the routinely performed global coagulant and antiprotease tests at concentrations which produce antithrombotic actions (0.5 − 5 mg/kg). CP was found to synergize the antithrombotic action of heparin in both intravenous and subcutaneous routes. Preliminary studies on the mechanism of the antithrombotic actions of collagen peptide suggest these actions may be independent of effects on platelets. These studies also suggest that an oligopeptide containing arginine and lysine residues, mimicing serine protease susceptible sites, is capable of producing antithrombotic effects in an animal model of venous thrombosis.
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Grakhova, Sofiya P., Svetlana B. Bortnikova, and Grigoriy L. Panin. "The results of three–dimensional electrotomography of Tokarev crater (Karymsky volcanic center, Kamchatka)." In Недропользование. Горное дело. Направления и технологии поиска, разведки и разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых. Экономика. Геоэкология. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А. Трофимука Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/b978-5-4262-0102-6-2020-038.

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In the summer, studies were carried out on the Tokarev crater (Karymsky Volcanic Center, Kamchatka). The results of three–dimensional electrotomography are obtained, which describe in sufficient detail the topography and heterogeneities of the bottom. The studies were carried out using the author’s floating installation of multi–electrode sounding by the direct current method based on Iris Syscal Pro equipment. The depth of research did not exceed 80 meters, which was enough to describe the structure of the Maar.
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Acilar, Ali, and Øystein Sæbø. "Why do Students not Choose to Study Information Systems? A Survey Study in Norway." In InSITE 2022: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4990.

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Aim/Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore why students do not choose to study In-formation Systems. Background Demand for information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) employees and managers has been increased, with the widespread use of information technologies. IT skills shortage is a concern for industries and higher education institutions. The findings of this study can help understanding why students do not choose to study Information Systems. Methodology: This study used an online survey for data collection. The survey link was emailed to 609 undergraduate students at the University of Agder in Kristian-sand, Norway. 62 useable responses were used for analysis. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and t-test were used for data analysis. Contribution: This study provides the results of a survey exploring why students do not choose to study Information Systems at a Norwegian university. Findings: The most indicated reason by the respondents for not choosing to study Information Systems was “little or no knowledge about IS”, followed by “lack of interest in the IS field.” Job availability was identified as the most motivating factor for the participant students in choosing to study their pro-grams at the university. The participants of this study did not consider In-formation Systems as easy to study. Recommendations for Practitioners: Candidate students should be given sufficient information about Information Systems study program and how it differs from other IT-related study pro-grams should be explained well. There is a need to better promote Information Systems study programs to candidate students. Future Research: Future studies should explore the factors impacting enrolment to Information Systems study programs with larger sample sizes and in different universities. Qualitative studies can help a deeper understanding of students’ career decisions. Future studies can also consider comparative studies in different countries.
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Bagdy, D., É. Bara-bás, L. Sebestyén, M. Diószegi, Zs Fittler, S. Bajusz, and E. Széll. "CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ANTICOAGULANT AND ANTIPLATELET EFFECT OF D-PHE-PRO-ARG-H (RG-2958)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643448.

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Anticoagulants usually have no antiplatelet effect and platelet function inhibitors do not interact with the coagulation factors. Since thrombin has a decisive role in thrombus formation (growth and stabilization), inhibitors of the effect of thrombin on platelets may be of special importance in developing a novel type of anticoagulant with antiplatelet properties.D-Phe-Pro-Arg-H /I/ designed and synthetized in our Institute was found to be a highly specific,reversible non-competitive inhibitorgOf thrombin,a specific platelet agonist. (K.= 1x10-8 M). /I/ was administered parenterally and orally to white New Zealand rabbits and to beagle dogs. The kinetics of action was recorded by measuring the WBCT, APTT, PT, TT,platelet count (PC) and platelet aggregation (PA). Optimum degree of anticoagulation was considered by the values proposed by Verstraete and Verwilghen. /I/ was shown to be a highly specific inhibitor of PA induced by thrombin.No direct interaction between the inhibitor and the platelet membrane could be detected. Aggregability of human platelets in citrated PRP and that of the gel-filtrated platelets induced by ADP or collagen did not change after incubation with /I/. The antiplatelet effect of /I/ was studied by ex vivo experiments where the inhibitor was the anticoagulant ( 30 ug/ml whole blood ) instead of citrate. Comparing the aggregability caused by several inducers in citrated human PRP with that of in /I/-PRP a significant difference was observed when epinephrine was the PA-inducer. /I/ acts via formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex that inhibits the binding of thrombin on their receptor-sites at the platelet membrane. In vivo experiments showed a close correlation between TT and PA induced by thrombin. /I/ proved completely harmless to platelets and red blood cells. No significant change in PC could be detected.
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Ahčin, Andreja, Drago Papler, and Marijan Pogačnik. "Razumevanje socialnega vidika trajnostnega razvoja pri mladostnikih." In Society’s Challenges for Organizational Opportunities: Conference Proceedings. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2022.1.

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Sustainable development has been one of the key drivers of economic, social and environmental development over the last 30 years. In this study we have focused on the social aspect of sustainable development, which is also addressed by the fourth goal; quality education within the United Nations framework. The results of the survey of 203 students showed that students felt that they had low knowledge of sustainable development, with a self-assessed mean score of 2.36 (max. 5) and a standard deviation of 0.72. On the importance of sustainable development in society, students rated themselves better, with a mean score of 3.78 (max. 5) and a standard deviation of 0.80. The correlation analysis shows a medium-weak correlation between the variables self-assessment and the importance of sustainable development. The definition of sustainable development is not fully understood by 48% of the students, who did not answer the question or answered it incorrectly. One quarter (25%) of the students surveyed understood sustainable development in terms of environmental protection, while the social aspect was identified by 7% and the economic aspect by only 2%. The media and social networks are at the forefront of the acquisition of knowledge in this field.
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Hilerio, I., and M. A. Barron. "Effect of Pre Oxidation on the Sliding Wear of Multi-Component Ferrous Alloys." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81963.

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Presence oxides on sliding surfaces can greatly influence friction and wear. Oxides have been usually considered as a friction and wear reducing agent acting as a solid lubricant. Effects of pre-oxidation, carried out at different temperatures, on the tribological behaviour of a high-speed steel and a high chromium white cast iron sliding against a ceramic material have been studied in this work. Wear was evaluated through a new methodology, which calculates the volume of removed material from topography data of the worn surface. Wear mechanisms were determined by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Results showed a large difference between wear rate of the studied materials. High speed steel had a much lower wear than high chromium white cast iron. However pre-oxidation did not cause any meaningful influence on the tribological behaviour of both material, at least in the conditions evaluated in this work.
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Reports on the topic "DVD studio pro"

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Filmer, Deon, James Habyarimana, and Shwetlena Sabarwal. Teacher Performance-Based Incentives and Learning Inequality. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/047.

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This study evaluates the impacts of low-cost, performance-based incentives in Tanzanian secondary schools. Results from a two-phase randomized trial show that incentives for teachers led to modest average improvements in student achievement across different subjects. Further, withdrawing incentives did not lead to a “discouragement effect” (once incentives were withdrawn, student performance did not fall below pre-baseline levels). Rather, impacts on learning were sustained beyond the intervention period. However, these incentives may have exacerbated learning inequality within and across schools. Increases in learning were concentrated among initially better-performing schools and students. At the same time, learning outcomes may have decreased for schools and students that were lower performing at baseline. Finally, the study finds that incentivizing students without simultaneously incentivizing teachers did not produce observable learning gains.
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Wickenden, Mary, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Josephine Njungi. Experiences and Expectations of Inclusive Pre-primary Education in Kenya: Reporting the Results of the First Round of Focus Group Discussions in Homa Bay and Kakuma. Institute of Development Studies, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.055.

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The Disability Inclusive Development (DID) programme is a large disability programme funded by the UK government’s Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). Under this programme, Task Order 20 is a project in Kenya aiming to develop the idea of inclusive early child development and education (IECDE), so that children with disabilities will be able to attend pre-schools alongside other children in their community. The project is trialling this approach in nine schools in different contexts, and as part of the project, the Institute of Development Studies UK is leading a piece of qualitative participatory research running a series of focus group discussions and individual interviews with different stakeholders. This report outlines the findings of the first round of focus group discussions. URI
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Noam Meiri. Development of Strategic Pre-Natal Cycling Thermal Treatments to Improve Livability and Productivity of Heavy Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593395.bard.

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The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and live performance led to the following hypothesis: Appropriate comprehensive incubation treatments that include significant temperature management changes will promote angiogenesis and will improve acquisition of thermotolerance and carcass quality of heavy broilers through epigenetic adaptation. It was based on the following questions: 1. Can TM during embryogenesis of broilers induce a longer-lasting thermoregulatory memory (up to marketing age of 10 wk) that will improve acquisition of thermotolerance as well as increased breast meat yield in heavy broilers? 2. The improved sensible heat loss (SHL) suggests an improved peripheral vasodilation process. Does elevated temperature during incubation affect vasculogenesis and angiogenesis processes in the chick embryo? Will such create subsequent advantages for heavy broilers coping with adverse hot conditions? 3. What are the changes that occur in the PO/AH that induce the changes in the threshold response for heat production/heat loss based on the concept of epigenetic temperature adaptation? The original objectives of this study were as follow: a. to assess the improvement of thermotolerance efficiency and carcass quality of heavy broilers (~4 kg); b. toimproveperipheral vascularization and angiogenesis that improve sensible heat loss (SHL); c. to study the changes in the PO/AH thermoregulatory response for heat production/losscaused by modulating incubation temperature. To reach the goals: a. the effect of TM on performance and thermotolerance of broilers reared to 10 wk of age was studied. b. the effect of preincubation heating with an elevated temperature during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation in the presence of modified fresh air flow coupled with changes in turning frequency was elucidated; c.the effect of elevated temperature on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis was determined using in ovo and whole embryo chick culture as well as HIF-1α VEGF-α2 VEGF-R, FGF-2, and Gelatinase A (MMP2) gene expression. The effects on peripheral blood system of post-hatch chicks was determined with an infrared thermal imaging technique; c. the expression of BDNF was determined during the development of the thermal control set-point in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” Recently, Piestunet al. (2008) demonstrated for the first time that TM (an elevated incubation temperature of 39.5°C for 12 h/d from E7 to E16) during the development/maturation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis (thermoregulation) and the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis (stress) significantly improved the thermotolerance and performance of broilers at 35 d of age. These phenomena raised two questions that were addressed in this project: 1. was it possible to detect changes leading to the determination of the “set point”; 2. Did TM have a similar long lasting effect (up to 70 d of age)? 3. Did other TM combinations (pre-heating and heating during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation) coupled with changes in turning frequency have any performance effect? The improved thermotolerance resulted mainly from an efficient capacity to reduce heat production and the level of stress that coincided with an increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2008; 2009). The increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2009) suggested an additional positive effect of TM on vasculogenesis and angiogensis. 4. In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of the chorioallantoic membrane development was thought to increase vasculogenesis and angiogenesis providing better vasodilatation and by that SHL post-hatch.
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LeFebvre, Rebecca. Implementing Undergraduate Research in an Online Gateway Political Science Course (Dataset). Kennesaw State University, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32727/27.2022.1.

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Introductory political science courses are usually considered Gateway courses to student success in college, yet those courses often use minimal high impact practices. This study investigates a Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) as a means to increase students’ self-assessed learning gains and motivation to acquire critical thinking skills. This study used a quasi-experiment across two online sections of POLS 1101, American Government, taught at a large public Southeastern university. The experimental section made use of a CURE, and the control section did not. Pre- and post- surveys indicated significant differences in self-assessed learning gains. The section with the CURE showed more confidence and a better understanding of political science. No difference was found in motivation for acquiring critical thinking skills.
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Zhang, Dan, Jingting Liu, Mengxia zheng, Chunyan Meng, and Jianhua Liao. Prognostic and Clinicopathological significance of CD155 Expression in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0087.

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Review question / Objective: The present study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between CD155 expression and clinical characteristics and prognosis of cancer patients. The study was based on comprehensive search of relevant literature. In particular, the study attempted to define the role of CD155 in various cancer types. Eligibility criteria: The pre-established inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) all subjects were cancer patients who received standard treatment; (2) The expression of CD155 in the cancer patients was well-examined, and all patients were assigned into two groups based on the expression; (3) survival analysis was performed based on these two groups, and provided sufficient data to estimate the risk ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for overall survival (OS); and (4) scientific and reasonable research. Case reports, reviews, abstracts, letters, bioinformatic analysis, TCGA analysis, and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded from analyses.
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Roschelle, Jeremy, Britte Haugan Cheng, Nicola Hodkowski, Julie Neisler, and Lina Haldar. Evaluation of an Online Tutoring Program in Elementary Mathematics. Digital Promise, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/94.

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Many students struggle with mathematics in late elementary school, particularly on the topic of fractions. In a best evidence syntheses of research on increasing achievement in elementary school mathematics, Pelligrini et al. (2018) highlighted tutoring as a way to help students. Online tutoring is attractive because costs may be lower and logistics easier than with face-to-face tutoring. Cignition developed an approach that combines online 1:1 tutoring with a fractions game, called FogStone Isle. The game provides students with additional learning opportunities and provides tutors with information that they can use to plan tutoring sessions. A randomized controlled trial investigated the research question: Do students who participate in online tutoring and a related mathematical game learn more about fractions than students who only have access to the game? Participants were 144 students from four schools, all serving low-income students with low prior mathematics achievement. In the Treatment condition, students received 20-25 minute tutoring sessions twice per week for an average of 18 sessions and also played the FogStone Isle game. In the Control condition, students had access to the game, but did not play it often. Control students did not receive tutoring. Students were randomly assigned to condition after being matched on pre-test scores. The same diagnostic assessment was used as a pre-test and as a post-test. The planned analysis looked for differences in gain scores ( post-test minus pre-test scores) between conditions. We conducted a t-test on the aggregate gain scores, comparing conditions; the results were statistically significant (t = 4.0545, df = 132.66, p-value < .001). To determine an effect size, we treated each site as a study in a meta-analysis. Using gain scores, the effect size was g=+.66. A more sophisticated treatment of the pooled standard deviation resulted in a corrected effect size of g=.46 with a 95% confidence interval of [+.23,+.70]. Students who received online tutoring and played the related Fog Stone Isle game learned more; our research found the approach to be efficacious. The Pelligrini et al. (2018) meta-analysis of elementary math tutoring programs found g = .26 and was based largely on face-to-face tutoring studies. Thus, this study compares favorably to prior research on face-to-face mathematics tutoring with elementary students. Limitations are discussed; in particular, this is an initial study of an intervention under development. Effects could increase or decrease as development continues and the program scales. Although this study was planned long before the current pandemic, results are particularly timely now that many students are at home under shelter-in-place orders due to COVID-19. The approach taken here is feasible for students at home, with tutors supporting them from a distance. It is also feasible in many other situations where equity could be addressed directly by supporting students via online tutors.
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Yusrina, Asri, Ulfah Alifia, Shintia Revina, Rezanti Putri Pramana, and Luhur Bima. Is the Game Worth the Candle? Examining the Effectiveness of Initial Teacher Education in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/106.

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An impactful teacher education programme equips teachers with knowledge and skills to improve their effectiveness. Empirical findings on the effectiveness of teacher preparation programmes show that the accountability of institutions and teachers should not only be based on the knowledge or skills produced but also on student learning. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a pre-service teacher education programme in Indonesia, known as Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan or PPG. PPG is a one-year full-time programme in addition to four years of undergraduate teacher education (Bachelor of Education). PPG graduate teachers pass a selection process and receive a teaching certificate upon completion of the programme. We use mixed methods to understand the differences in the outcome of PPG graduates majoring in primary school teacher education to their counterparts who did not attend PPG. To estimate the impact of PPG, we exploit the combination of rules and events in the selection process which allows us to estimate the impact of PPG on teacher performance using fuzzy regression discontinuity design (RDD). Once we attest to the validity of the fuzzy RDD, we find that PPG has no impact on a teacher’s professional knowledge and student outcomes in numeracy and literacy. We argue that this is due to the ineffective selection mechanism in distinguishing the PPG and the comparison group. We conclude that as an initial teacher training programme, PPG did not improve teacher effectiveness. Despite incorporating best practices from effective teacher training into the programme design, PPG does not appear capable of producing a higher-quality teacher.
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Suh, Jooyeoun, Changa Dorji, Valerie Mercer-Blackman, and Aimee Hampel-Milagrosa. Valuing Unpaid Care Work in Bhutan. Asian Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200065-2.

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A growing body of scholarly literature has attempted to measure and value unpaid care work in various countries, but perhaps only the government statistical agencies in the United States and the United Kingdom have seriously undertaken periodic and systematic measures of the time spent on unpaid work at the national level, and partially incorporated those values into their gross domestic product(GDP). One country that has been ahead of its time on aspects of societal welfare measurement is Bhutan, which produces the Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index. However, until the first GNH Survey, in 2008, Bhutan did not have any sense of the size and distribution of unpaid work, despite its strong societal norms about the value of volunteering and community work. This paper is the first to estimate the value of unpaid care work in Bhutan. It shows the pros and cons of various approaches and their equivalent measures of unpaid care work as a share of GDP. As with similar studies on the topic, this paper also finds that women spend more than twice as much time as men performing unpaid care work, regardless of their income, age, residency, or number of people in the household. The paper also provides recommendations for improving the measurement of unpaid care work in Bhutan.
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Willi, Joseph, Keith Stakes, Jack Regan, and Robin Zevotek. Evaluation of Ventilation-Controlled Fires in L-Shaped Training Props. UL's Firefighter Safety Research Institute, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mijj9867.

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Investigations of recent firefighter line of duty deaths caused by rapid fire progression have highlighted a deficiency in firefighters’ understanding of how certain tactics affect the fire dynamics of ventilation-controlled fires. Many fires are in a ventilation-limited, decay state by the time firefighters arrive at the scene, meaning that introducing additional ventilation to the environment has the potential to cause rapid and intense fire growth. To more effectively teach firefighters about the potential effects of ventilation on a compartment fire, ventilation-controlled fires should be gener- ated during training. Safely creating such fires while maintaining compliance with NFPA 1403: Standard on Live-Fire Training Evolutions allows instructors to educate students on this important principle of fire dynamics in the training environment. Structures utilized for live-fire training have evolved from typical concrete burn buildings to now include smaller purpose-built props, like those constructed from steel shipping containers or wood and gypsum board. Such props have been embraced by organizations due to their cost-effectiveness and potential to improve fire behavior training. Obtaining a thorough understanding of the capa- bilities and limitations of such props is critical for instructors to convey accurate messages during training and properly prepare firefighters for scenarios they’ll encounter in the field. Experiments were conducted to quantify the fire environment in L-shaped props with different wall constructions. One prop had an interior wall lining of gypsum board over wood studs and fiberglass insulation. The two other props were constructed from metal shipping containers with corrugated steel walls; one had ceilings and walls comprised solely of the corrugated steel, while the other had ceilings and walls comprised of rolled steel sheeting over mineral wool insulation with the corrugated steel wall as its backing. Three fuel packages were compared between the props: one contained furnishings mainly composed of synthetic materials and foam plastics; another contained wooden pallets and straw; and the third contained wooden pallets, straw, and oriented strand board (OSB). A stochastic approach was used to compare data between replicate tests and quantify the repeatability of the different props and fuel packages, all of which were deemed sufficiently repeatable. Comparisons of data between the three props revealed that thermal conditions between experiments in the two metal props were indistinguishable, suggesting that the additional layer of insulation did not significantly alter the fire environment. Additionally, thermal conditions in the gypsum-lined prop were more severe than those in the metal props. The effects of ventilation changes on fire conditions were also analyzed across various prop and fuel load combinations. Lastly, the response of the thermal environment in each prop during interior suppression was evaluated, and the results implied that the thermal exposure to the firefighter was more severe in the metal props than the gypsum prop for a brief period following the start of suppression.
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Lindow, Steven E., Shulamit Manulis, Dan Zutra, and Dan Gaash. Evaluation of Strategies and Implementation of Biological Control of Fire Blight. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568106.bard.

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The main objective of this study was to develop data that would facilitate a consistently effective method of biological control of fire blight disease to be developed and to enable its implementation for disease control by ensuring its compatibility with variations in the biological, environmental, and chemical conditions present in pear orchards. As considerable information on the pathogen and biological control of fire blight was already gathered from studies in California and elsewhere, an emphasis was placed on investigating the genetics and ecology of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in Israel. Studies of plasmid profile, virulence on several host, serological characteristics, as well as DNA fingerprints with selected primers all revealed E. amylovora strains in Israel to be homogeneous. Strains did vary in their resistance to streptomycin, with those from more northern locations being resistant while those in the southern costal plain were all sensitive to streptomycin. Resistance appeared to be conferred by chromosomal mutations as in streptomycin-resistant strains in California. The biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 colonized flowers of both the Costia and Spodona pear cultivars in Israel as well as Bartlett pear in California. Flowers that were open at the time of spray inoculation of trees subsequently harbored from 105 to 107 cells of strain A506 per flower, while those that opened subsequent to spraying developed population sizes of about 105 cells/flower within 5 days. The incidence of fire blight infections were reduced about 3-fold in several trials in which moderate amounts of disease occurred in the plot areas; this degree of biological control is similar to that observed in California and elsewhere. On two occasions warm and moist weather that favored disease led to epidemics in which nearly all flowers became infected and which was so severe that neither P. fluorescens strain A506 nor chemical bactericides reduced disease incidence. A novel method for identifying antagonistic microorganisms for biological control of fire blight and other diseases was developed. A bacterial ice nucleation gene was introduced into E. amylovora to confer an Ice+ phenotype and the population sizes of this modified pathogen on flowers that had been pre-treated with potential control agents was estimated by measuring the freezing temperature of colonized flowers. Antagonistic strains that prevented the growth of E. amylovora in flowers were readily detected as those in which flowers froze at a low temperature. The method is both rapid and unbiased and several bacterial strains with substantial biological control potential have been identified using this method.
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