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Journal articles on the topic 'Dwarfism in plants'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Smith, MK, and RA Drew. "Growth and yield characteristics of dwarf off-types recovered from tissue-cultured bananas." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 4 (1990): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900575.

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Dwarf off-types recovered from a tissue cultured line of banana cultivar New Guinea Cavendish (Mum sp., AAA Group, Cavendish subgroup) were used to quantify some of the changes associated with dwarfism, the most common off-type associated with tissue-cultured Cavendish bananas, and to determine the relative stability of the trait. The off-types were significantly (P<0.01) shorter than true-to-type plants and retained their dwarf stature over 5 generations. The dwarfs were characterised by small fruit with closer packing of the hands on the bunch. Choking, when the bunch fails to emerge full

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2

Vilaine, Françoise, Jacques Rembur, Dominique Chriqui, and Mark Tepfer. "Modified Development in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing a rolA∷GUS Translational Fusion and Subcellular Localization of the Fusion Protein." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 9 (1998): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.9.855.

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The rolA gene is transferred naturally by Agrobacterium rhizogenes to the genome of host plants, where it induces dramatic changes in development of transformed plants, including dwarfism and leaf wrinkling. The predicted translation product of the rolA gene is a small (11.4 kDa), basic (pI = 11.2) protein, which has no clearly significant similarity to sequences in the data bases. We have introduced into the tobacco genome a gene encoding a rolA∷GUS fusion protein. Expression of this gene led to synthesis of an RNA and a protein of expected size, and the transformed plants exhibited the dwarf

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3

Damasco, OP, ID Godwin, MK Smith, and SW Adkins. "Gibberellic acid detection of dwarf offtypes in micropropagated Cavendish bananas." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 2 (1996): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960237.

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Detection of dwarf offtypes produced by micropropagation of Cavendish bananas (Musa spp.) cultivars New Guinea Cavendish and Williams was achieved by spraying gibberellic acid (GA3) solution (289 pmol/L) onto deflasked plants and measuring various plantlet responses. The most useful identification criterion was elongation of the sheath of the first leaf to form after GA3 application. Elongation of this structure was about 2-fold greater in normal plants than observed in dwarfs. Similar measurements taken earlier during in vitro culture or later during plant establishment in soil were not as us

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4

Tokovenko, I. P., H. B. Huliaieva, L. A. Pasichnyk, and V. P. Patyka. "The Effect of Mono- and Mixed Phytoplasma and Bacterial Infections on Galega orientalis L. Plants." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 86, no. 5 (2024): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj86.05.047.

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In recent years, in regions of intensive agriculture, due to unfavorable agro-ecological conditions, mixed infections have become a serious threat to the production of high-quality crop products, in particular, Galega orientalis L. Objective. To investigate the effect of mono- and mixed phytoplasma and bacterial infection on Galega orientalis L. plants. Methods. Plants of Galega orientalis L. were inoculated with phytoplasma strains: A. laidlawii var. granulum 118 ‒ the causative agent of pale green dwarfism of wheat; A. laidlawii 101 and A. laidlawii 178 ‒ pathogens of tomato trunk, and Pseud

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5

Phinney, B. O. "Gibberellin A1 dwarfism and shoot elongation in higher plants." Biologia Plantarum 27, no. 2-3 (1985): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02902157.

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6

Lu, Yang, Shuangxia Luo, Qiang Li, et al. "Phenotypic Characterization and Differential Gene Expression Analysis Reveal That Dwarf Mutant dwf Dwarfism Is Associated with Gibberellin in Eggplant." Horticulturae 7, no. 5 (2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7050114.

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Dwarfism is a desirable trait in eggplant breeding, as it confers higher lodging resistance and allows simplified management and harvest. However, a few dwarf mutants have been reported, and the molecular mechanism underlying dwarfism in eggplant is completely unknown. Here, we report a dwarf mutant (dwf) isolated from an ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant library. The hypocotyl length, plant height, and length of internode cells of dwf were significantly decreased compared to those of the wild-type parent ‘14-345’ (WT). Differential gene expression analysis revealed that GA-related g

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7

Korner, C., Menendez-Riedl S. Pelaez, and PCL John. "Why Are Bonsai Plants Small? A Consideration of Cell Size." Functional Plant Biology 16, no. 5 (1989): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9890443.

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Size determinants of organisms are still a great puzzle. Analysis of dwarfs or giants within a certain taxon is a promising tool for a functional understanding of size control. Bonsai cultivation techniques lead to the most extreme forms of environmentally induced plant dwarfism. It is shown that no such changes take place at the level of cell size of leaves. Leaves of four out of six species of Bonsai had even bigger cells than leaves of normal trees, which is similar to what was observed in genetically dwarf plants from high altitudes. These results illustrate the insignificance of intraspec

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8

Carvalho, Waleska S. G. de, Cláudia S. Marinho, Mayara B. de S. Arantes, Glaziele Campbell, Bruno D. Amaral, and Maura Da Cunha. "Agronomic and Anatomical Indicators of Dwarfism and Graft Incompatibility in Citrus Plants." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 9 (2018): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n9p263.

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Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa (T. Ito) Swingle is a rootstock used in Brazilian citriculture for its potential to induce dwarfism and the viability of densified crops. Its recommendation is still restricted due to lack of research on the performance and compatibility of different types of scion under specific conditions of soil and climate. The aim of this study was to correlate plant size and productive efficiency with anatomical indicators of dwarfism or graft incompatibility between citrus scion cultivars and the ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate orange (FD) and ‘Rangpur Lime’ (RL) as rootsto

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9

Knott, D. R. "The mode of inheritance of a type of dwarfism in common wheat." Genome 32, no. 5 (1989): 932–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-533.

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A type of dwarfism found in crosses involving the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Webster and a stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici Erik. &Henn.) susceptible line, LMPG, proved to be due to a dominant gene from cv. Webster and a recessive gene from LMPG. The dominant gene is closely linked to the gene Sr30, which conditions stem rust resistance in cv. Webster and is on chromosome 5D. The dwarf plants have short, dark green, stiff leaves and rarely develop more than two leaves before dying.Key words: dwarfism, Triticum aestivum, Puccinia graminis tritici, stem rust.

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10

Christensen, B., S. Sriskandarajah, R. Müller, and M. Serek. "QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS BY INTRODUCING DWARFISM INTO KALANCHOE BLOSSFELDIANA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 941 (January 2012): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2012.941.7.

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11

Wang, Jian, Li Xue, Xiao Zhang, et al. "A New Function of MbIAA19 Identified to Modulate Malus Plants Dwarfing Growth." Plants 12, no. 17 (2023): 3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12173097.

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The primary determinants of apple (Malus) tree architecture include plant height and internode length, which are the significant criteria for evaluating apple dwarf rootstocks. Plant height and internode length are predominantly governed by phytohormones. In this study, we aimed to assess the mechanisms underlying dwarfism in a mutant of Malus baccata. M. baccata dwarf mutant (Dwf) was previously obtained through natural mutation. It has considerably reduced plant height and internode length. A comparative transcriptome analysis of wild-type (WT) and Dwf mutant was performed to identify and an

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12

Badilla, R., R. Hammond, and C. Rivera. "First Report of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Costa Rica." Plant Disease 83, no. 11 (1999): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.11.1072d.

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During 1997 to 1998, symptoms of leaf roll, dwarfism, chlorosis, and occasional leaf necrosis were observed on Solanum tuberosum in several plots in Cartago, the principal potato-production region of Costa Rica. Because of the known association between potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and viroids (1) and previous reports of PLRV in Costa Rica, the presence of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) was suspected. Leaf samples from 122 symptomatic potato plants, cvs. Atzimba, Floresta, Idiafrit, and Birris, were collected from 10 plots. Total nucleic acids (TNAs) were extracted and purified (2) from co

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13

Norton, J. D., and Hongwen Huang. "Breeding and Improvement of Seguin Chestnut (Castanea segunii)." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 527a—527. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.527a.

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The seguin chestnut, commonly called Maoli in China, is one of the three chestnut species (C. mollissima, C. seguinii, and C. henryi) native to southeastern and central China. Seguine is a valuable germplasm resource for horticultural traits such as precocity, everbearing, high yield, blight resistance, and dwarfism. A recurrent selection breeding program was initiated in 1989. Since seedlings flowered as early as 3 weeks, selections were made annually for seven generations. Improvement in precocity, everbearing, yield, quality, blight resistance, and dwarfism is sought. The everbearing and hi

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14

Kazimierski, Tadeusz, and Ewa M. Kazimierska. "Hereditary dwarfism in yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 45, no. 3 (2015): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1976.017.

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A dwarf plant was found in the F<sub>4</sub> generation of a hybrid between two yellow lupin subspecies. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the dwarf grwoth is conditioned by one recessive factor which was named nanus. This factor acts pleiotroipically since it reduces the height, changes the morphological structure and some anatomical traits and reduces fertility in the dwarf plants. It is believed that in the chromosome with translocation a gene block arose in the F<sub>4</sub>, plant. These genes acting as a compact system cause dwarfism, changes in the anatomical st

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15

WANG, WEN-BING, JIAN-MING FEI, YAN WU, et al. "A New Report of a Mosaic Dwarf Viroid-Like Disease on Mulberry Trees in China." Polish Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 1 (2010): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2010-004.

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A viroid-like disease causing mosaic leaves and dwarfism was found on mulberry plants in Zhejiang, China. Grafting of stems from infected plants onto healthy plants resulted in the same symptoms on the healthy plants. A circular small RNA (Mmd-v RNA1) was isolated from the infected plant leaves and caused identical symptoms after more than two years. Nucleotide sequencing indicated that the Mmd-v RNA1 contains 356 nt (GenBank accession no. NC_011362) without viroid characteristic regions, only sharing 30 nt sequence identity with that of the Cherry small circular viroid-like RNA 1 (isolate csc

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16

Mishchenko, L., A. Dunich, I. Mishchenko, et al. "Wheat dwarf virus and its impact on the 2020 harvest in some regions of Ukraine." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2021.1.3-9.

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Goal. Identify the virus that causes symptoms of dwarfism and non-earing of winter wheat (reduced or no ear formation), and investigate its effect on plant yields. Methods. Visual diagnostics, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in double sandwich modification (DAS-ELISA), polymerase chain reaction, biometric, determination of yield and its structure, statistical data processing. Results. A study of winter wheat varieties from Vinnytsia, Khmelnytsky, Kyiv, Chernihiv and Cherkasy regions with symptoms of dwarfism, yellowing of leaves and non-earing. ELISA and PCR have shown that the d

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17

Davies, L. J., and D. Cohen. "Phenotypic variation in somaclones of Paspalum dilatatum and their seedling offspring." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 3 (1992): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-093.

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Embryogenic callus cultures were initiated from immature embryos of the apomictic Paspalum dilatatum cultivar ’Grasslands Raki’. Embryogenic callus was transferred to a regeneration medium at four different times from 121 to 206 d after culture initiation and a total of 231 somaclones were obtained. Phenotypic variation in the somaclones increased as the length of the callus phase and the length of the regeneration period were increased. Phenotypic changes ranged from floral abnormalities, reduced vigour (including dwarfism) and smaller tillers (narrow leaves) to loss of cold tolerance (leaf c

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18

Dong, Wei, Dewei Wu, Caihui Wang, Ying Liu, and Defeng Wu. "Characterization of the molecular mechanism underlying the dwarfism of dsh mutant watermelon plants." Plant Science 313 (December 2021): 111074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111074.

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19

Wang, Rui, Hexun Huang, Yu'e Lin, Qinghua Chen, Zhaojun Liang, and Tingquan Wu. "Genetic and gene expression analysis of dm1, a dwarf mutant from Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam, based on the AFLP method." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 2 (2014): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-016.

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Wang, R., Huang, H., Lin, Y., Chen, Q., Liang, Z. and Wu, T. 2014. Genetic and gene expression analysis of dm1, a dwarf mutant from Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam, based on the AFLP method. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 293–302. dm1, a dwarf mutant from Cucurbita maxima (Duch. ex Lam) by natural mutation, showed distinct dwarf phenotypes such as shorter vines and fewer and shorter internodes. Genetic analysis indicated that the dm1 mutation was recessive, and the dwarfing character was controlled by a single locus. DNA-AFLP analysis showed that a fragment (MCAG/ETT) was linked with the dwarfing charac

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20

Chen, Miao, Jingjing Chen, Na Luo, Rongda Qu, Zhenfei Guo, and Shaoyun Lu. "Cholesterol accumulation by suppression ofSMT1leads to dwarfism and improved drought tolerance in herbaceous plants." Plant, Cell & Environment 41, no. 6 (2018): 1417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13168.

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21

Akhba, E. D. "Indicator plants as an auxiliary method for identifying pathogenic viruses of stone fruit crops." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 80 (March 25, 2025): 87–97. https://doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2025-80-87-97.

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Viral infections pose a serious threat to cherry, plum, apricot, and other stone fruit plantations. Such infections lead to serious consequences, including yield reduction, deterioration of fruit quality, and plant death. The most common phytopathogenic viruses of stone crops include plum pox virus (PPV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Prune dwarfism virus (PDV), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), and cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV). Among the symptoms of viral infections are chlorotic spots, leaf necrosis, deterioration of fruit marketability, etc. Determination of the virologica

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22

Pang, Hongguang, Qi Yan, Shuliang Zhao, et al. "Knockout of the S-acyltransferase Gene, PbPAT14, Confers the Dwarf Yellowing Phenotype in First Generation Pear by ABA Accumulation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (2019): 6347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246347.

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The development of dwarf fruit trees with smaller and compact characteristics leads to significantly increased fruit production, which is a major objective of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) breeding. We identified the S-acylation activity of PbPAT14, an S-acyltransferase gene related to plant development, using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) complementation assay, and also PbPAT14 could rescue the growth defect of the Arabidopsis mutant atpat14. We further studied the function of PbPAT14 by designing three guide RNAs for PbPAT14 to use in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We obtained 22 positive transg

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23

Hoshi, A., K. Oshima, S. Kakizawa, et al. "A unique virulence factor for proliferation and dwarfism in plants identified from a phytopathogenic bacterium." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 15 (2009): 6416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0813038106.

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24

Bejerman, Nicolás, Fabián Giolitti, Verónica Trucco, Soledad de Breuil, Ralf G. Dietzgen, and Sergio Lenardon. "Complete genome sequence of a new enamovirus from Argentina infecting alfalfa plants showing dwarfism symptoms." Archives of Virology 161, no. 7 (2016): 2029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2854-3.

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25

Wei, Liya, Lianfeng Gu, Xianwei Song, et al. "Dicer-like 3 produces transposable element-associated 24-nt siRNAs that control agricultural traits in rice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 10 (2014): 3877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318131111.

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Transposable elements (TEs) and repetitive sequences make up over 35% of the rice (Oryza sativa) genome. The host regulates the activity of different TEs by different epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone H3K9 methylation, and histone H3K4 demethylation. TEs can also affect the expression of host genes. For example, miniature inverted repeat TEs (MITEs), dispersed high copy-number DNA TEs, can influence the expression of nearby genes. In plants, 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are mainly derived from repeats and TEs. However, the extent to which TEs, particularly MITE

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26

Norton, M. A., and R. M. Skirvin. "Somaclonal Variation among ex vitro `Thornless Evergreen' Trailing Blackberries: The Morphological Status of Selected Clones after Seven Years of Field Growth." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 2 (1997): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.2.152.

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Chimeral `Thornless Evergreen' (CTE), (Rubus laciniatus Willd.) somaclones selected in 1983 and field planted in 1985 were reexamined in 1992 for various vegetative and reproductive characteristics. Two major types of thornless (prickle-free) plants, intermediate-sized (`UI 6-6' = `Everthornless') and dwarf (`UI 6-4'), originally selected from a chimeral thornless parent plant, were compared with thorny plants. The intermediate and dwarf somaclones have maintained their distinctive habits over 7 years' growth in the field, indicating that their growth habits are stable and not a transient effe

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Liu, Xiaoxiao, Hui Liu, Jingjing He, et al. "RIN13-mediated disease resistance depends on the SNC1–EDS1/PAD4 signaling pathway in Arabidopsis." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 22 (2020): 7393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa433.

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Abstract Plants have evolved an innate immune system to protect themselves from pathogen invasion with the help of intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors, though the mechanisms remain largely undefined. RIN13 (RPM1-interacting protein 13) was previously reported to enhance disease resistance, and suppress RPM1 (a CNL-type NLR)-mediated hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis via an as yet unknown mechanism. Here, we show that RIN13 is a nuclear-localized protein, and functions therein. Overexpression of RIN13 leads to autoimmunity with high accumulation of salicyli

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28

Deng, Wenjun, Riqing Li, Yiwei Xu, et al. "A lipid transfer protein variant with a mutant eight-cysteine motif causes photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive dwarfism in rice." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 4 (2019): 1294–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz500.

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Abstract Plant height is an important trait for architecture patterning and crop yield improvement. Although the pathways involving gibberellins and brassinosteroids have been well studied, there are still many gaps in our knowledge of the networks that control plant height. In this study, we determined that a dominant photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive dwarf mutant is caused by the active role of a mutated gene Photoperiod-thermo-sensitive dwarfism 1 (Ptd1), the wild-type of which encodes a non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP). Ptd1 plants showed severe dwarfism under long-day and low-t

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29

Li, Liqin, Linjuan Jiang, Bi Ren, et al. "Generation of a Potato Radiation Mutation System to Analyse the Features of Radiation Mutant RM1." Agronomy 14, no. 7 (2024): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071547.

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Potatoes are widely planted worldwide and are the third most important food crop. Mutation breeding involves the artificial use of various physical and chemical factors to induce plants to produce new genotypes. In this study, we established a potato radiation mutation system and analysed the features of a radiation mutant. The LD50 of the potato callus was 24.8 Gy after linear regression analysis. The radiation mutant 1 (RM1) showed significant dwarfism and strong growth; RM1 plants decreased in height by 31%. The root and leaf fresh weights of the RM1 increased 1.8-fold compared to the wild-

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30

Yakymchuk, Ruslan. "Inheritance of dwarfism trait by winter wheat mutants induced in the Chornobyl NPP exclusion zone." Studia Biologica 17, no. 3 (2023): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1703.729.

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Background. The development of short-stem cultivars is an effective way to increase the productivity of winter wheat grown under the intensive cultivation technology. Dwarf mutants, induced in the exclusion zone of ChNPP, can preserve a productive potential of an initial cultivar and be of a breeding value. The knowledge of the inheritance regularities of stem length by dwarf winter wheat mutants makes it possible to choose the pairs for crossing better and predict a final result in hybrid generations earlier. Materials and methods. Hybrids F1 і F2 of Triticum aestivum L. were received by cr

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Bilova, T. E., D. N. Ryabova, and I. N. Anisimova. "MOLECULAR BASIS OF THE DWARFISM CHARACTER IN CULTIVATED PLANTS. II. DELLA-PROTEINS: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS (review)." Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya 51, no. 5 (2016): 571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2016.5.571eng.

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Kumari, Babita, and Hitesh Solanki. "A Short Comprehensive Study on Novel Amino-Compound for Growth and Development of Plants." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 6, no. 03 (2020): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v6i03.10.

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Polyamines (PAs) are aliphatic nitrogenous bases containing two or more amino groups. The impact of polyamines on plants have been observed to play important role in flowering without showing the extreme dwarfism trait, although these can have partially shortened internodes. The floral phenotypes seen included petaloid anthers, stigmoid anthers, extra petals, and green spaghetti. The appearance of the conjugates occurred late in development at both temperatures; however, there clearly was no correlation with flowering per se. On the basis of topping and leaf gro.wth analysis, the authors propo

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A, Musina, Baitasheva G, Myrzakhmetova N.O, and Kobegenova H.N. "The Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Leaves of Woody and Vegetable Plants." International Journal of Research in Science 4, no. 2 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijrs.2018.4.2.01.

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It is shown that the improvement of the environment can be achieved by using the adsorption properties of leaves of woody plants, which are able to absorb the exhaust gases from vehicles, industrial plants, dust and vapors from air. The number of toxic influence of heavy metals on vegetable plants was established with good indicative properties: Cd > Ni >Pb. Accumulation of heavy metals, leaves of the juniper have any symptoms of poisoning, inhibition of root growth, formation of necrosis, dwarfism, wilting, dropping foliage, etc, especially in leaves exposed to cadmium. Different kinds

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Chai, Liang, Haojie Li, Jinfang Zhang, et al. "Rapid Identification of a Genomic Region Conferring Dwarfism in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) YA2016-12." Agronomy 9, no. 3 (2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030129.

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Plant height is a vital agronomic trait for crops, including oilseed crops such as rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). It affects the crop yield, oil content, and lodging resistance in rapeseed. In this study, we investigated a dwarf trait controlled by a semi-dominant allele in rapeseed. A dwarf line, YA2016-12, was crossed with a tall line, G184-189, and an F2 population was established. Forty of the tallest plants and 40 of the shortest plants from the F2 population were selected and two DNA pools (tall and dwarf) were constructed by the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method. The two DNA pools a

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Salchert, Klaus, Rishikesh Bhalerao, Zsuzsanna Koncz–Kálmán, and Csaba Koncz. "Control of cell elongation and stress responses by steroid hormones and carbon catabolic repression in plants." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1374 (1998): 1517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0307.

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Molecular analysis of Arabidopsis mutants displaying hypocotyl elongation defects in both the dark and light revealed recently that steroids play an essential role as hormones in plants. Deficiencies in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signalling permit photomorphogenic development and light––regulated gene expression in the dark, and result in severe dwarfism, male sterility and de–repression of stress–induced genes in the light. A cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylase (CYP90) controls a rate limiting step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and appears to function as a signalling factor in stress

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Li, Tingchun, Huaying Yang, Yan Lu, et al. "Comparative transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes related to the physiological changes of yellow-green leaf mutant of maize." PeerJ 9 (February 16, 2021): e10567. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10567.

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Chlorophylls, green pigments in chloroplasts, are essential for photosynthesis. Reduction in chlorophyll content may result in retarded growth, dwarfism, and sterility. In this study, a yellow-green leaf mutant of maize, indicative of abnormity in chlorophyll content, was identified. The physiological parameters of this mutant were measured. Next, global gene expression of this mutant was determined using transcriptome analysis and compared to that of wild-type maize plants. The yellow-green leaf mutant of maize was found to contain lower contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid

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Izaguirre-Mayoral, María Luisa, and Margarita Sicardi de Mallorca. "Responses of Rhizobium-inoculated and nitrogen-supplied Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata plants to root volume restriction." Functional Plant Biology 26, no. 6 (1999): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99014.

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Present investigation was undertaken to analyse the effect of root volume restriction on the physiological performance of Rhizobium-inoculated (R+ ) and nitrogen-supplied (N+) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. var. Tuy.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Montalbán.) plants. Restriction of root volume (RRV) was imposed via an 8-fold reduction in the rooting space. Plants were grown under controlled conditions and an unlimited availability of water and nutrients. For both plant species, RRV reduced the dry weight of roots, shoots and nodules, retarded the rate of leaf initiation and develo

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Ali, Md Sarafat, and Kwang-Hyun Baek. "Silencing of the Phytoene desaturase gene mitigates oxidative stress through the accumulation of free amino acids." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 4 (2020): 927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52499.

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Phytoene desaturase (PDS) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which converts phytoene to zeta-carotene in a two-step desaturation reaction. Transiently blocked carotenogenesis by silencing the PDS gene in Nicotiana benthamiana (NbPDS) using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique was used. Silencing of NbPDS induced dwarfism and an albino-type leaf trait in N. benthamiana. The NbPDS-silenced leaves accumulated free amino acids in amounts 9.5-folds greater than those of the GFP-silenced control leaves, but contained only 59.6% of total soluble protei

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Feng, Jinlin, Jianxin Hu, Yan Li, Ruiqi Li, Hao Yu, and Ligeng Ma. "The N-Terminal Acetyltransferase Naa50 Regulates Arabidopsis Growth and Osmotic Stress Response." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 9 (2020): 1565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa081.

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Abstract N-terminal acetylation (Nt-acetylation) is one of the most common protein modifications in eukaryotes. The function of Naa50, the catalytic subunit of the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal acetyltransferase (Nat) E complex, has not been reported in Arabidopsis. In this study, we found that a loss of Naa50 resulted in a pleiotropic phenotype that included dwarfism and sterility, premature leaf senescence and a shortened primary root. Further analysis revealed that root cell patterning and various root cell properties were severely impaired in naa50 mutant plants. Moreover, defects in

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Wang, Yubin, Qingqing Yao, Yushi Zhang, et al. "The Role of Gibberellins in Regulation of Nitrogen Uptake and Physiological Traits in Maize Responding to Nitrogen Availability." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (2020): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051824.

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Modified gibberellin (GA) signaling leads to semi-dwarfism with low nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) in crops. An understanding of GA-mediated N uptake is essential for the development of crops with improved NUE. The function of GA in modulating N uptake capacity and nitrate (NO3−) transporters (NRTs) was analyzed in the GA synthesis-deficient mutant zmga3ox grown under low (LN) and sufficient (SN) N conditions. LN significantly suppressed the production of GA1, GA3, and GA4, and the zmga3ox plants showed more sensitivity in shoots as well as LN stress. Moreover, the higher anthocyanin accumu

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Sharma, Madhvi, Arijit Gupta, and Anuradha Jayaraman. "An Impact Of Lead Induced Toxicity On Growth Parameters And Chlorophyll Content Of Tomato Plant (Pusa Ruby): A Pot Study." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 11, no. 9s (2025): 1128–32. https://doi.org/10.64252/vdhg0g50.

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The toxic effect of lead on Pb accumulation from soil on tomato plant (Pusa ruby): growth parameters (shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight), chlorophyll content and lead content in plants with different concentration of lead: control, 0.05mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.15mg/L, 0.2mg/L). Elevated lead concentrations, particularly 0.2mg/L Pb, had a detrimental effect on the germination rate and the uptake of elements by roots, shoots, and leaves. Germination rate decreases as the lead concentration increases in the soil, at concentration of 0.2mg/L the germination ratio is about 1:10 which

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FLINTHAM, J. E., A. BÖRNER, A. J. WORLAND, and M. D. GALE. "Optimizing wheat grain yield: effects of Rht (gibberellin-insensitive) dwarfing genes." Journal of Agricultural Science 128, no. 1 (1997): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859696003942.

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Four sets of near-isogenic lines carrying different combinations of the alleles Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht-B1c for gibberellin-insensitive dwarfism in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared with tall controls in a series of yield trials in eastern England and central Germany. In all four varietal backgrounds the effects of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b were similar (plant height ≈ 86 and 83% of tall controls respectively) and in combination reduced plant height to c. 58%. The Rht-B1c allele caused more severe dwarfism (c. 50%) and, when combined with Rht-D1b, reduced plant height still furth

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Bonna, Ana Lucia, Alejandro Chaparro-Giraldo, Beatriz Appezzato-da-Gloria, Peter Hedden, and Marcio C. Silva-Filho. "Ectopic expression of soybean leghemoglobin in chloroplasts impairs gibberellin biosynthesis and induces dwarfism in transgenic potato plants." Molecular Breeding 22, no. 4 (2008): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11032-008-9203-5.

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Zhang, Taifeng, Jiajun Liu, Sikandar Amanullah, et al. "Fine Mapping of Cla015407 Controlling Plant Height in Watermelon." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 146, no. 3 (2021): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04934-20.

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The plant compact and dwarf growth habit is an important agronomic trait when breeding watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars because of their reduced vine length, high-density planting, and better land utilization; however, the genetic basis of the dwarf growth habit is not well-known. In this study, the plant population of six generations, P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2, were studied. A genetic segregation analysis demonstrated that dwarfism is mainly controlled by a single recessive Cldw gene. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing of two distinct watermelon cultivars, W1-1 (P1) and 812 (

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Lee, Hyoung Yool, and Kyoungwhan Back. "2-Hydroxymelatonin, Rather Than Melatonin, Is Responsible for RBOH-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production Leading to Premature Senescence in Plants." Antioxidants 10, no. 11 (2021): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111728.

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Unlike animals, plants amply convert melatonin into 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM) and cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM) through the action of melatonin 2-hydroxylase (M2H) and melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H), respectively. Thus, the effects of exogenous melatonin treatment in plants may be caused by melatonin, 2-OHM, or 3-OHM, or some combination of these compounds. Indeed, studies of melatonin’s effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have reported conflicting results. In this study, we demonstrated that 2-OHM treatment induced ROS production, whereas melatonin did not. ROS production

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Zhu, Wei, Zhengqing Xie, Zhenni Chu, et al. "The Chromatin Remodeling Factor BrCHR39 Targets DNA Methylation to Positively Regulate Apical Dominance in Brassica rapa." Plants 12, no. 6 (2023): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12061384.

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The SHPRH (SNF2, histone linker, PHD, RING, helicase) subfamily belonging to ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor is the effective tumor-suppressor, which can polyubiquitinate PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and participate in post-replication repair in human. However, little is known about the functions of SHPRH proteins in plants. In this study, we identified a novel SHPRH member BrCHR39 and obtained BrCHR39-silenced transgenic Brassica rapa. In contrast to wild-type plants, transgenic Brassica plants exhibited a released apical dominance phenotype with semi-dwarfism and multi

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Carrera, Fredy P., Carlos Noceda, María G. Maridueña-Zavala, José A. García, Omar Ruiz-Barzola, and Juan M. Cevallos-Cevallos. "Changes in the Metabolite Profile during Micropropagation of Normal and Somaclonal Variants of Banana Musa AAA cv. Williams." Horticulturae 7, no. 3 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7030039.

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Micropropagation techniques allow the mass production of banana plants but can cause somaclonal variations such as dwarfism. Changes in the metabolite profile during micropropagation of normal (NP) and dwarf (DP) banana plants have not been described. Both, NPs and DPs of banana Musa AAA cv. Williams were micropropagated and the metabolite profile of vitroplants was assessed at the proliferation (PP), rooting (RP) and the second greenhouse-acclimatization (APII) phases of tissue culture. Metabolites from 10 DPs and 10 NPs meristems from each micropropagation phase were extracted and identified

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Mascarenhas, Marcelly Santana, Fernanda dos Santos Nascimento, Luana Maria Pacheco Schittino, et al. "Construction and Validation of CRISPR/Cas Vectors for Editing the PDS Gene in Banana (Musa spp.)." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, no. 12 (2024): 14422–37. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46120865.

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Bananas and plantains are important staple food crops affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. The gene editing technique via Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated with the Cas protein (CRISPR/Cas) has been used as an important tool for development of cultivars with high tolerance to stresses. This study sought to develop a protocol for the construction of vectors for gene knockout. Here we use the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene as a case study in Prata-Anã banana by the nonhomologous end junction (NHEJ) method. PDS is a key gene in the carotenoid production path

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Garroum, Imène, Przemyslaw Bidzinski, Jean Daraspe, et al. "Cuticular Defects inOryza sativa ATP-binding Cassette Transporter G31Mutant Plants Cause Dwarfism, Elevated Defense Responses and Pathogen Resistance." Plant and Cell Physiology 57, no. 6 (2016): 1179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcw066.

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Wang, Ping, Bingbing Liang, Zhengjun Li, et al. "Genetic Dissection of Sorghum Dwarfism Through Systematic Screening of Dw1–Dw3 Alleles in Chinese Germplasm." Plants 14, no. 11 (2025): 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111703.

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Sorghum dwarfing genes (Dw1, Dw2, Dw3) are crucial determinants of plant architecture and yield potential; however, their genetic characteristics and distribution patterns in Chinese sorghum landraces remain poorly understood. This study systematically analyzed their allelic distribution across 241 Chinese landrace accessions. Through rigorous PCR-based genotyping and detailed phenotypic characterization, we identified that only approximately 7% of the surveyed landraces carried natural dwarfing alleles, with mutations in the dw3 locus being the most frequently observed. Plant height statistic

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