Journal articles: 'DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing)'

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Dewi, Arkidianabela Anggara, Teguh Prakoso, and Aghus Sofwan. "ARRAYED WAVEGUIDE GRATING PADA DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING." TRANSIENT 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/transient.7.1.179-185.

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DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) adalah suatu teknik multiplexing yang mampu mentransmisikan lebih dari 400 panjang gelombang dalam satu serat optik. Laju pengiriman data menggunakan media serat optik dapat mencapai 1 Tbps atau 1.000 Gbps. DWDM merupakan suatu perbaikan dari WDM. Inti perbaikan yang dimiliki oleh teknologi DWDM terletak pada jenis filter, serat optik dan penguat amplifier. Jenis filter yang umum dipergunakan salah satunya adalah Array Waveguide Grating (AWG). Pada Penelitian ini dianalisis kinerja suatu Array Waveguide Filters (AWG) yang mampu digunakan pada DWDM. Pada Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunkan 2 software. Pertama, menggunakan software Optisystem 7 untuk memodelkan sistem DWDM. Kedua, menggunakan software OptiBPM untuk verifikasi AWG. Pada Optisystem didapatkan nilai konfigurasi DWDM yang optimal yaitu pada C Band dengan spasi kanal 50GHz dan jumlah wavelength 64. Sedangkan pada OptiBPM didapatkan untuk konfigurasi DWDM tersebut diperlukan AWG dengan dengan sudut orientasi 53 derajat, panjang FSR 1500um, lebar angular 11,4 derajat dengan ukuran 15000x10000um sehingga didapatkan nilai BER, Q-factor dan crosstalk yang memiliki perbedaan namun telah mencapai kriteria yaitu dengan Q factor antara 8,43 sampai dengan 14,09 sedangkan untuk BER dari 1,719x10-40 sampai dengan 1,19x10-17 dan crosstalk antara -149 dB sampai dengan -40,8 dB.

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KASAHARA, Ken'ichi. "Laser Sources for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)." Review of Laser Engineering 30, no. 1 (2002): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.30.4.

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Murianti, Diana, Teguh Prakoso, and Aghus Sofwan. "FBG (FIBER BRAGG GRATING) UNTUK DWDM (DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)." TRANSIENT 7, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/transient.7.1.77-82.

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Pada era modern ini, tuntutan kebutuhan masyarakat akan layanan komunikasi semakin meningkat. Kebutuhan tersebut meliputi layanan video, suara dan data. Penambahan kapasitas ini dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). Salah satu perangkat yang digunakan teknologi DWDM yaitu Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM). OADM digunakan untuk melewatkan sinyal dan melakukan fungsi add dan drop. Salah satu perangkat yang mendukung untuk membantu kerja dari OADM adalah Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). Tujuan pembuatan Penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan parameter desain FBG yang terbaik untuk jaringan DWDM berdasarkan nilai crosstalk, Q factor, dan Bit Error Rate (BER) guna memperoleh konfigurasi jaringan DWDM yang optimal. Pada Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua software. Pertama, menggunakan software Optisystem 7 untuk memodelkan sistem. Kedua, menggunakan software Optigrating 4.2.3 untuk verifikasi FBG. Parameter desain FBG yang terbaik yaitu dengan panjang grating 18600 um. Berdasarkan hasil ko-simulasi, nilai rata–rata BER hasil simulasi menggunakan FBG Optisystem adalah 1,19x10-15, sedangkan saat menggunakan FBG Optigrating adalah 4,15x10-15. Nilai rata – rata Q Factor hasil simulasi menggunakan FBG Optisystem adalah 8,43, sedangkan saat menggunakan FBG Optigrating adalah 8,18. Nilai rata – rata crosstalk hasil simulasi menggunakan FBG Optisystem adalah -39,63 dB, sedangkan saat menggunakan FBG Optigrating adalah -39,72 dB.

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Janagal, Mamta, Gurpreet Kaur, Varinder Mandley, and Tanvi Sood. "Investigation the Effect of Channel Spacing for Long Distance Communication." CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46860/cgcijctr.2019.12.20.45.

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In this paper, the impact of different channel spacing on proposed system setup is investigated for long distance communication. This wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) and ultradense wavelength division multiplexing (UDWDM) is evaluated by considering the signal quality factor, bit error rate, optical gain, and received power for different signal input power and for distance. It is observed that at -5 dBm of signal input power the system covers 130 km with acceptable BER (10-8) and Q-factor (14dB).

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Abolade, Robert Oluwayimika, Oluwaseun Olayinka Tooki, and David Oluwagbemiga Aborisade. "REVIEW ARTICLE ON THE MITIGATION OF FOUR WAVE MIXING IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM." FUTA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 15, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51459/futajeet.2021.15.1.266.

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The main challenge faced in today's telecommunication is the ever increasing demand for bandwidth and data rates. The desire to expand the capacity of fiber optic communication to accommodate this demand accelerated the development of high capacity Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) transmission equipment. However, nonlinear impairments are the fundamental limiting mechanisms to the amount of data that can be transmitted in DWDM. In DWDM, Four Wave Mixing is the most critical of nonlinear effects in fibre optics communication. This effect limits the DWDMâ€™s channel capacity. There are numerous researches on nonlinear impairments that show the intricacy of FWM phenomena in DWDM system. This article present review of the several measures which have been carried out by researchers to overcome nonlinear effects in DWDM. Such measures include Modulation Formats, Channel Spacing, Channel Shuffling Algorithm and Electro-Optic Phase Modulation. The review provides insight into the methods, parameters and approaches used by other researchers. This will pave way for can thus lead to significant improvement in the design of DWDM system.

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Moreno-Pérez, José, Belén Melián-Batista, and Manuel Laguna. "Scatter search based met heuristic for robust optimization of the deploying of "DWDM" technology on optical networks with survivability." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 15, no. 1 (2005): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0501065m.

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In this paper we discuss the application of a met heuristic approach based on the Scatter Search to deal with robust optimization of the planning problem in the deploying of the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology on an existing optical fiber network taking into account, in addition to the forecasted demands, the uncertainty in the survivability requirements.

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Balaji, Venkatachalam Rajarajan, Mahalingam Murugan, and Savarimuthu Robinson. "Optimization of DWDM Demultiplexer Using Regression Analysis." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9850457.

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We propose a novel twelve-channel Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) demultiplexer, using the two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D PC) with square resonant cavity (SRC) of ITU-T G.694.1 standard. The DWDM demultiplexer consists of an input waveguide, SRC, and output waveguide. The SRC in the proposed demultiplexer consists of square resonator and microcavity. The microcavity center rod radius (Rm) is proportional to refractive index. The refractive index property of the rods filters the wavelengths of odd and even channels. The proposed microcavity can filter twelve ITU-T G.694.1 standard wavelengths with 0.2 nm/25 GHz channel spacing between the wavelengths. From the simulation, we optimize the rod radius and wavelength with linear regression analysis. From the regression analysis, we can achieve 95% of accuracy with an average quality factor of 7890, the uniform spectral line-width of 0.2 nm, the transmission efficiency of 90%, crosstalk of −42 dB, and footprint of about 784 μm2.

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Payal, Suresh Kumar, and Deepak Sharma. "Performance Analysis of NRZ and RZ Modulation Schemes in Optical Fiber Link Using EDFA." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 8 (August 30, 2017): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i8.45.

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Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is the current area of interest to exploit the bandwidth offered by optical fiber to enhance the data rate requirements. In the present paper analysis of DWDM system using Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is carried out in C-band. The 32-channel Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) system, with a high-performanceflowrate of 10 Gbps, has been evaluated. The performance of Return to Zero (RZ) and Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) modulation formats in an optical communication system are investigated by modeling an optical fiber link using software OPTISYS V14. According to the modulated outputs, a comprehensive comparison in terms of Q factor is developed to establish the advantages and disadvantages of the code formats NRZ and RZ in short and long haul optical fiber communication system. Optimum results of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Q-factor are obtained for 60, 80 and 100km of fiber length. Pumping is discussed at 980nm and 1480nm.

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Muñoz Castro, Geovanny Andrés. "DWDM Networks When Using Raman Configurations with DCF Fibers." Sistemas y Telemática 15, no. 41 (August 1, 2017): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18046/syt.v15i41.2454.

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In this paper, the basic theoretical foundations regarding a DWDM [Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing] network when using Raman configurations with DCF [Dispersion Compensation Fiber] are studied, through the revision of: linear effects, such as noise, loss, chromatic dispersion and PMD [Polarization Mode Dispersion]; and nonlinear effects, such as Self-Phase Modulation [SPM], Cross-Phase Modulation [XPM] and Four-Wave Mixing [FWM], compared to Optical Monitoring Parameters [OPM].

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Pornsuwancharoen, N., M. Tasakorn, and S. Jurajaturasiraratn. "DWDM of Optical Micro Ring Resonator Double Add/Drop Multiplexing for THz Optical Communication." Advanced Materials Research 770 (September 2013): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.390.

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A system that can be used to generate the new optical communication bandwidths using a Gaussian pulse propagating within a nonlinear microring resonator double add/drop multiplexing system is discussed. By using the wide range of the Gaussian input pulses, for instance, when the input pulses of the common lasers with center wavelength of 1,500 nm are used. Results obtained shows that more available wavelength bands from the optical communication band can be generated, which can be used to form new dense wavelength division multiplexing bands, whereas the use of the very high capacity more than 200 channels for personal wavelength and network applications is plausible.

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HARUN, SULAIMAN WADI, CHENG XIAU SAN, and HARITH AHMAD. "S-BAND BRILLOUIN/ERBIUM FIBER LASER FOR DWDM APPLICATION." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 15, no. 03 (September 2006): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863506003311.

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A multi-wavelength Brillouin erbium fiber laser (BEFL) which operates in a short wavelength band (S-Band) is demonstrated using a depressed cladding erbium-doped fiber (EDF). Two 80/20 couplers were used in the system for internal feedback of generated stokes signal in order to produce cascaded Brillouin stokes for multi-wavelength operation. It generates an optical wavelength comb with spacing of approximately 0.084 m. A stable output laser of up to 7 lines was obtained with a Brillouin pump of 3.5 mW, a 980 nm pump laser of 200 mW and an EDF length of 20 m. The BEFL has the potential to be used in the future dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) communication system.

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Ozoliņš, O., V. Bobrovs, and G. Ivanovs. "DWDM Transmission Based on the Thin-Film Filter Technology." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 48, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-011-0021-x.

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DWDM Transmission Based on the Thin-Film Filter Technology A dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission scheme with two thin-film filters (FWHM bandwidth 100 GHz and 200 GHz) has been realized to evaluate the minimum channel interval needed for a satisfactory bit error ratio. For this purpose, detailed research was conducted into the impact of the filters on the optical signal's de-multiplexing in a DWDM system, in which the measurements of eye diagrams and the optical power spectral densities of a received signal were made. From the results of measurements the minimum channel interval has been found for the optical filters that ensures reliable data transmission and higher spectral efficiency of the whole system. It was found that for a DWDM system with a 100 GHz filter a sufficient channel interval is 75 GHz at 10 Gbit/s data transmission speed, which means that its spectral efficiency is increased from 0.1 bit/s/Hz to 0.1333 bit/s/Hz.

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Songmuang, S., S. Sappajak, N. Thammawongsa, N. Pornsuwancharoen, and P. P. Yupapin. "Multi Wavelength Generated by PANDA Ring Resonator for Multi User DWDM WiMAX Network." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.471.

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This paper proposed a scheme for multi channels THz frequency generation by using a coupled nonlinear resonator device known as PANDA ring. Dipole gold nanoantenna coupled to active plasmonic devices was used at THz for WiMAX network applications. Multiple Dark-Bright soliton conversion control propagating within a modified PANDA ring resonator to generated dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM).The system results illustrated multi wavelength Dark-Bright soliton generation and the frequency obtained in multi THz frequency to broadcast the data to transmitter for all receivers. In this approach, the muti THz frequency provides a reliable frequency band for the future planar lightwave circuit (PLCs) based on DWDM optical link with Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Ubiquitous, and many applications.

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Li, Guang, and Jianqing Li. "A Pulse Shaping Based Optical Transmission System of 128QAM for DWDM with N × 904 Gbps." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 8, 2019): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050988.

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In this paper, we propose an optical transmission system of 128 quadrature amplitude modulation for dense wavelength division multiplexing. In such a system, Gaussian optical filtering is used to get an appropriate photonic carrier. Theoretical analysis and simulation computation show that the modulated multi-carrier photonic signals with the wavelength spacing of 0.7 nm can transmit for over 80 km with the standard single mode fiber. Using digital signal processing algorithms to compensate the transmission impairments, the transmission rate of the single-carrier photonic signal can reach up to 904 Gbps and the spectral efficiency of the transmission can reach up to 10.33 bps/Hz. When this technology is applied to a dense wavelength division multiplexing system with N channels, the huge message capacity of N × 904 Gbps can be realized. Furthermore, we find that the bit error rate and the error vector magnitude are similarly influenced by the optical signal-to-noise ratio and the bandwidth of the Gaussian optical filter. The influence presents mostly a synchronization trend with the change of the optical signal-to-noise ratio and the bandwidth of Gaussian optical filter.

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Kozdrowski, Stanisław, Paweł Cichosz, Piotr Paziewski, and Sławomir Sujecki. "Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of the Quality of Transmission in Optical Networks." Entropy 23, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23010007.

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Increasing demand in the backbone Dense Wavelength Division (DWDM) Multiplexing network traffic prompts an introduction of new solutions that allow increasing the transmission speed without significant increase of the service cost. In order to achieve this objective simpler and faster, DWDM network reconfiguration procedures are needed. A key problem that is intrinsically related to network reconfiguration is that of the quality of transmission assessment. Thus, in this contribution a Machine Learning (ML) based method for an assessment of the quality of transmission is proposed. The proposed ML methods use a database, which was created only on the basis of information that is available to a DWDM network operator via the DWDM network control plane. Several types of ML classifiers are proposed and their performance is tested and compared for two real DWDM network topologies. The results obtained are promising and motivate further research.

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Mallick, Bandana, Bibhu Prasad, and Dr Krishna Chandra Patra. "Design of a Hybrid Optical amplifier for 64 DWDM Channels network by using EDFA and Raman Amplifier." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.050401.

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In this paper a hybrid amplifier EDFA-RAMAN DWDM transmission system is proposed and demonstrated. A new hybrid two-stage optical fiber amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) network is observed. The hybrid amplifier is cascaded erbium- doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) & Raman amplifier which provide a nearly flat gain over 80 nm. The hybrid amplifier has been modeled using an Optic-System version 14 on a DWDM transmission. In this paper we compare Q-factor at different input power i.e. at 0db and at 10 db. Here two different types of apodized function (Uniform & Gaussian) are selected as fiber Bragg grating parameters and system performance is analyzed. Performance of the system is analyzed by using BER analyzer.

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Puerto López, Karla Cecilia, Rudy Paolo Báez Parada, Ángel David Torres Palencia, and Dinael Guevara Ibarra Guevara Ibarra. "Methodology for evaluating linear and non-linear effects in a radio over fiber system." Respuestas 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.1740.

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This article shows the methodology used to evaluate the linear and non-linear effects present in a radio over fiber system (RoF) by employing the multiplexing technique used for dense wave division, the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technique. It is completed with a dissemination of 50 GHz, in accordance to the standards of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), through a channel speed of 10 Gbps, at an input power in the optical channel of 30mW, for optical fiber stretches of 40km, 60km and 80km. It presents the modeling of the RoF system graphically through a block diagram by means Matlab, a computational tool, whereby each of the stages of the RoF system are implemented using the libraries offered by the ‘simulink’ toolbox of Matlab. As a result, it is obtained that the methodology proposed for the evaluation of the RoF system using the DWDM technique allows for the analysis of linear and non-linear effects; where it is observed that the effects that degrade the signal are proportional to the established distances of the optical fiber and that the optical input power used is optimal for the optical fiber to behave as a non-linear medium.

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Xu, Ying Chao, Qing Na Wang, and Wen Zhang Zhu. "Design and Simulation of Arrayed Waveguide Grating for Miniature Raman Spectrometer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3588.

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Arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is a very popular dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) device, which is produced in the field of optical communication technology. Instead of traditional grating and lens spectral system, AWG is used as the spectral chip in miniature Raman spectrometer. It’s quite important for miniature Raman spectrometer in miniaturization and low cost. This paper analyzed the basic principles of AWG device, and introduces the insertion loss, crosstalk and phase error performance parameters, also focuses on the specific technical requirements about wavelength, optical channel number, phase error, wavelength resolution and bandwidth, which are applied in miniature Raman spectrometer. Some new researches and a series of related simulation have been made, finally won the 1 * 40 channels AWG spectral chips, with wavelength range of 880-920 nm, insertion loss of center wavelengths is better than-0.9 dB.

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Syahriar, Ary, Rahmat Alamtaha, Zulkifli Alamtaha, and Putri Wulandari. "Temperatures effects on cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer structures." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 2427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i6.1982.

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To increase bandwidth and number of channels per fiber for more than one wavelength in the same fiber the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology has been utilized. One of the devices that are important in DWDM is an optical interleaver. This paper discussed the effects of temperatures in the DWDM interleaver by using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structures which is arranged in two-stage cascaded MZI and the three-stage cascaded MZI geometries. The main consequences of increase temperature inside the fiber optics are the change of effective refractive index in the material of silica fiber due to the thermo-optics effects. In our analysis we have used the transfer matrix method to investigate the wavelength dependence of output power to the temperatures changes that varies from 30oC to 430ºC. In the calculation we have used the C-Band range wavelength which is around 1530 to 1565 nm. It has been shown that the change of temperatures may shift the wavelength inside the MZI output power in linear manners. These effects may be used to tune wavelength transmission inside the MZI structures to suit the ITU-T defined grid.

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Mohammed and Hamdi Mansi. "Performance Enhancement and Capacity Enlargement for a DWDM-PON System Utilizing an Optimized Cross Seeding Rayleigh Backscattering Design." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 4520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214520.

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In this work, a record of 16 channels, with future channel spacing in the telecommunication standardization sector of the International Telecommunications Union G.694.1 (ITU-T G.694.1) for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) (i.e., 12.5 GHz), is simulated and tested. This work is done to realize a proposed high capacity DWDM-Passive Optical Network (DWDM-PON) system. These specifications are associated with enhancing the upstream (US) capacity to 2.5 Gb/s over a 25 km Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) transmission and producing a noteworthy average Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10−12 during the system’s evaluation process. These performance indicators are achieved through design optimization of the cross-seeding Rayleigh Backscattering (RB) elimination technique. This optimization has successfully reduced (compared to the cross-seeding related literature) the simulated DWDM-PON components and maintained an effective Rayleigh Backscattering elimination with the aforementioned system’s performance enhancement and capacity enlargement.

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Ioudashkin, Eduard, and Dror Malka. "A Three Demultiplexer C-Band Using Angled Multimode Interference in GaN–SiO2 Slot Waveguide Structures." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 2338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122338.

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One of the most common techniques for increasing data bitrate using the telecommunication system is to use dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). However, the implementation of DWDM with more channels requires additional waveguide coupler devices and greater energy consumption, which can limit the system performances. To solve these issues, we propose a new approach for designing the demultiplexer using angled multimode interference (AMMI) in gallium nitride (GaN)–silica (SiO2) slot waveguide structures. SiO2 and GaN materials are selected for confining the infrared light inside the GaN areas under the transverse electric (TE) field mode. The results show that, after 3.56 mm light propagation, three infrared wavelengths in the C-band can be demultiplexed using a single AMMI coupler with a power loss of 1.31 to 2.44 dB, large bandwidth of 12 to 13.69 nm, very low power back reflection of 47.64 to 48.76 dB, and crosstalk of −12.67 to −15.62 dB. Thus, the proposed design has the potential for improving performances in the telecommunication system that works with DWDM technology.

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Huszaník, Tomáš, Ján Turán, and Ľuboš Ovseník. "On the 100 Gbps DWDM with Optical Carrier Suppression Modulation." Open Computer Science 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0104.

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Abstract This paper investigates the transmission performance of 16-channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system with two complex Optical Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulator configurations using 2 LiNb MZM (Mach-Zehnder Modulator) and 3 LiNb MZM. The link performance is evaluated for 100 Gbps data rate per channel in a total 750 km single mode fiber link. The perfomance is analyzed in terms of forward power, reflected power and bit-error rate of the received signal. From the simulation results we prove, that the link performance can be improved by adopting the high efficiency optical modulation.

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KAUR, GURMEET, M. L. SINGH, and M. S. PATTERH. "THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS TO MINIMIZE BIT ERROR RATE BY OPTIMIZING SYSTEM PARAMETERS IN OPTICAL DWDM TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AT DIFFERENT DATA RATES." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 18, no. 03 (September 2009): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863509004750.

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The amplifier separation and channel separation has conflicting effects on the noise generated due to the fiber non-linear effects (Stimulated Raman scattering SRS and Four wave mixing FWM) and the Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise introduced by inline optical amplifications. While designing an efficient Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system, optimization of the channel separation and amplifier separation are required to minimize the non-linear effects (FWM and SRS) along with the ASE noise. In this paper, theoretical investigations of the optical DWDM systems have been presented to minimize the bit error rate (BER) by optimizing inter-channel separation and inter-amplifier separation at different data rates considering the combined effect of SRS, FWM, ASE, receiver and beat noises.

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Mądry, Mateusz, Lourdes Alwis, and Elżbieta Bereś-Pawlik. "Intensity-Modulated PM-PCF Sagnac Loop in a DWDM Setup for Strain Measurement." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112374.

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A novel intensity-modulated Sagnac loop sensor based on polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) in a setup with a dense wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM) for strain measurement is presented. The sensor head is made of PM-PCF spliced to single-mode fibers. The interferometer spectrum shifts in response to the longitudinal strain experienced by the PM-PCF. After passing the Sagnac loop, light is transmitted by a selected DWDM channel, resulting in a change in the output optical power due to the elongation of PM-PCF. Hence, appropriate adjustment of spectral characteristics of the DWDM channel and the PM-PCF Sagnac interferometer is required. However, the proposed setup utilizes an optical power measurement scheme, simultaneously omitting expensive and complex optical spectrum analyzers. An additional feature is the possibility of multiplexing of the PM-PCF Sagnac loop in order to create a fiber optic sensor network.

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Jeong, Uiseok, Dong Ho Lee, Kyungwoon Lee, and Jung Ho Park. "Monolithic 1 × 8 DWDM Silicon Optical Transmitter Using an Arrayed-Waveguide Grating and Electro-Absorption Modulators for Switch Fabrics in Intra-Data-Center Interconnects." Micromachines 11, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11110991.

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In this study, we propose an eight-channel monolithic optical transmitter using silicon electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) based on free-carrier injection by Schottky junctions. The transmitter consists of a 1 × 8 silicon arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) and eight 500-μm-long EAMs on a 5.41 × 2.84 mm2 footprint. It generates eight-channel dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) outputs with 1.33 nm channel spacing (Δλ) in the C-band from a single broadband light source and modulates each channel with over 3 dB modulation depth at 6 V peak-to-peak. The experimental results showed that the feasibility of a homogeneous silicon DWDM transmitter with a single light source for switch fabrics in intra-data-center interconnects over heterogeneous integration with regards to more complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility.

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Ilic, S., B. Jaksic, M. Petrovic, A. Markovic, and V. Elcic. "Analysis of Video Signal Transmission Through DWDM Network Based on a Quality Check Algorithm." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 3, no. 2 (April 7, 2013): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.293.

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This paper provides an analysis of the multiplexed video signal transmission through the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) network based on a quality check algorithm, which determines where the interruption of the transmission quality starts. On the basis of this algorithm, simulations of transmission for specific values of fiber parameters are executed. The analysis of the results shows how the BER and Q-factor change depends on the length of the fiber, i.e. on the number of amplifiers, and what kind of an effect the number of multiplexed channels and the flow rate per channel have on a transmited signals. Analysis of DWDM systems is performed in the software package OptiSystem 7.0, which is designed for systems with flow rates of 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s per channel.

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Parkash, Sooraj, Anurag Sharma, Harsukhpreet Singh, and Harjit Pal Singh. "Performance Investigation of 40 GB/s DWDM over Free Space Optical Communication System Using RZ Modulation Format." Advances in Optical Technologies 2016 (February 10, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4217302.

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We successfully demonstrate 40 GB/s 8 channels’ Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) over free space optical (FSO) communication system. Each channel is transmitting 5 GB/s data rate in downstream separated by 0.8 nm (100 GHz) channel spacing with 1.8 GHz filter bandwidth. DWDM over FSO communication system is very effective in providing high data rate transmission with very low bit error rate (BER). The maximum reach of designed system is 4000 m without any compensation scheme. The simulation work reports minimum BER for Return-to-Zero (RZ) modulation format at different channels 1, 4, and 8 are found to be 2.32e-17, 1.70e-16, and 9.51e-15 at 4000 m distance, respectively. Sharp increase in BER occurs if data rate and distance increase up to 10 GB/s and 5000 m.

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Maraha, Heyam, Kameran Ali Ameen, Ozlam Abdulhakeem Mahmood, and Aras Aldawoodi. "DWDM over FSO under the effect of different atmospheric attenuations." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp1089-1095.

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<p><span>In optical networks, Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) has been considered as a promising technique to meet the increasing bandwidth demands. It has been used to increase the capacity of long-haul optical transport systems such as free-space optics (FSO) and optical fiber. However, by applying DWDM over the FSO link, different challenges affect the performance system such as clear air, haze and rain atmospheric attenuations. This paper investigates eleven-channel DWDM over FSO based on the electrical linear equalizer that will improve the performance results at the receiver. The channels operate over (1561.42 nm, 1559.79 nm, 1558.17 nm, 1558.55 nm, 1554.94 nm, 1553.33 nm, 1551.72 nm, 1550.12 nm, 1548.51 nm, 1546.92 and 1545.32 nm) wavelengths that have separated based on the traditional International Telecommunication Union (ITU) grid. In the experiments, the system transmits 110 Gbit/s for FSO distances 9500 m, 3000 m, and 2500 m in superbly clear air, haze, and heavy haze atmospheric attenuations, respectively. Over different atmospheric attenuations, we evaluated our system performance using BER, eye diagram and the quality factor (Q-Factor). </span></p>

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Nabih Zaki, Ahmed. "New Trends of Forward Fiber Raman Amplification for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Photonic Communication Networks." International Journal of Soft Computing 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijscomp.2011.26.32.

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Ninh, Bui Trung, Nguyen Quoc Tuan, Ta Viet Hung, Nguyen The Anh, and Pham Van Hoi. "Influence of ASE Noise on Performance of DWDM Networks Using Low-power Pumped Raman Amplifiers." Communications in Physics 25, no. 2 (September 11, 2015): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/25/2/6000.

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We present the results of investigation for influence of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, noise figure (NF) and chromatic dispersion on the performance of middle-distance Dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) networks using low-power pumped distributed Raman amplifiers (DRAs) in two different pump configurations, i.e., forward and backward pumping. We found that the pumping configurations, ASE noise, and dispersion play an important role for improving network performance by decrease of noise figure and bit error rate (BER) of the system. Simulation results show that the lowest bit error rate and low noise figure were obtained, when using forward pumping configuration. Moreover, we have also compared ASE noise powers of the simulation with these of the experiment. These results conclude that DRA with low pump power ($<1$~W) is the promising key technology for short-- and/or middle-distance DWDM transmission networks.

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GAO, SHIMING, CHANGXI YANG, and GUOFAN JIN. "COMPARISON OF INTERCHANNEL FOUR-WAVE MIXING WITH CONTINUOUS WAVES, QUASI-CONTINUOUS WAVES AND ULTRASHORT PULSES." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 12, no. 03 (September 2003): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863503001535.

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We compare the interchannel four-wave mixing (FWM) in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems with continuous waves, quasi-continuous waves and ultrashort pulses. The differences are theoretically analyzed for the three inputs. We investigate the FWM conversion efficiency as a function of the channel spacing, the fiber length, the single bit energy and the pulse width. It is shown that the FWM effect in DWDM systems with quasi-continuous waves is the strongest and with ultrashort pulses is the lowest among the three cases. The FWM conversion efficiency changes periodically with the propagation length, and it is approximately an exponential function of the single bit energy. The performance of the pulse FWM effect versus the pulse width is different from that of the quasi-continuous wave FWM, which may be one possible way to suppress the interchannel FWM.

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Ismail, Aiman, Hazwani Mohammad Helmi, Md Zaini Jamaludin, Fairuz Abdullah, Abdul Hadi Sulaiman, and Ker Pin Jern. "Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplification Assisted Multi-Wavelength Brillouin-Raman Fiber Laser." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.26269.

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Multi-wavelength fiber laser based on Brillouin scattering in optical fiber has the potential of application in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system. To enhance the performance of the fiber lasers, researchers proposed usages of erbium, or Raman amplification techniques. In an earlier work, it was reported that extracting residual Raman pump out of the laser cavity improves the performance of a multi-wavelength Raman fiber laser. In this paper, we proposed a setup utilizing the residual Raman pump to pump an erbium-doped fiber in multi-wavelength Brillouin-Raman fiber laser. Results show that the additional erbium-doped fiber is capable of amplifying the propagating Brillouin Stokes by more than 15-dB. This in turn helps in achieving lower stimulated Brillouin threshold and subsequently allow for higher number of Brillouin Stokes lines to be generated.

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Mathur, Tushar, Gokhan Sahin, and Donald R. Ucci. "A Performance Comparison of Centralized and Distributed Spectrum Management Techniques in Elastic Optical Networks." Journal of Engineering 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3860685.

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Elastic optical networks (EONs) have emerged to provide higher spectrum efficiency than traditional Dense Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (DWDM) by utilizing enabling technologies such as flexible spectrum grid, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and distance adaptive rate and modulation. The choice of the control-plane is an important consideration when deploying any new technology, especially in optical networks. This paper considers generic distributed and centralized spectrum assignment policies in conjunction with the accompanying connection set-up signaling protocols in EONs. A network simulator for Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) was developed with Forward Reservation Protocol and Backward Reservation Protocol signaling methods. These signaling techniques are used with the First Fit (FF) and Random Fit (RF) Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) algorithms. The paper discusses control elements (central and distributed architectures) decisions under busy hour and normal network conditions and presents a comprehensive performance analysis of key performance metrics such as connection success rate, connection establishment time, and capacity requirement.

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Sharma, Deepak, and Suresh Kumar. "Evaluation of Network Blocking Probability and Network Utilization Efficiency on Proposed Elastic Optical Network using RSA Algorithms." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0204.

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AbstractElastic optical networks (EONs) are new generation optical networks that provide flexible bandwidth and spectrum assignment characteristics to accommodate diverse demand range over traditional dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)-based networks. While overcoming spectrum contiguity and continuity constraints, Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) is a challenging task in EONs. In this article, we have proposed an EON network model. Using existing RSA techniques we have analyzed the performance of the proposed model on the basis of Network Blocking Probability (NBP) and Network Utilization Efficiency (NUE) under variable load conditions. It has been found to be working optimally even at a load of 200 Erlangs.

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Huszaník, Tomáš, Ján Turán, and Ĺuboš Ovseník. "Mitigation of Fiber Nonlinear Effects in 1.28 Tbps DQPSK Modulated DWDM System." Electronics ETF 23, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/els1923003h.

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The main limitation factor of high capacity multichannel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) systems are fiber nonlinear effects. The optical signal is severely degraded due to fiber nonlinear effects also known as Kerr fiber nonlinearity. Nonlinear effects under investigation are self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM). There are several methods to compensate these nonlinear distorts, some less or more effective. Nonlinear distort due to SPM and XPM can be effectively mitigated through implementation of optical DQPSK modulation over commonly used intensity modulation known as OOK (On-Off Keying). This paper presents a numerical simulation model of 1.28 Tbps DWDM system with optical DQPSK modulation. We present several scenarios and methods to mitigate fiber nonlinear effects including Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT). Linear and nonlinear effects are considered together, so we implement the inline FrFT module in the optical domain which causes a time-frequency plane rotation to mitigate combined linear and nonlinear effects. The performance of proposed 1.28 Tbps DQPSK modulated DWDM system is evaluated in term of bit error rate (BER) and Q factor value.

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Wu, Po-Tsung, and Tsair-Chun Liang. "Design of Novel Fiber Optical Flexible Routing System." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 4763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224763.

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In this paper, we propose a new versatile routing device that utilizes arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs), optical switches, and optical circulators to implement reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs), optical interleavers, and optical cross-connect (OXC). With the development of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology, ROADM and OXC technologies have also been put into practical use. Thus, the optical signal can be routed directly in the optical network according to its wavelength without the need for optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversion. Although different optical network units (ONUs) have different bandwidth requirements, the use of optical interleavers has successfully solved the connection problem between old and new systems. According to the numerical experiments of static characteristics, the proposed routing device can effectively implement three different functionalities, thereby providing greater flexibility for fiber optic network applications.

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Permadi, Aji Insan, Anggun Fitrian Isnawati, and and Dodi Zulherman. "Comparative analysis of the dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) scheme in long-haul dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1367 (November 2019): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1367/1/012063.

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Lee, Hoon-Keun, Jaeyul Choo, and Joonyoung Kim. "Multiplexed Passive Optical Fiber Sensor Networks for Water Level Monitoring: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 6813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236813.

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Water management is a critical mission required to protect the water resources that is essential in diverse industrial applications. Amongst a variety of parameters such as level (or depth), temperature, conductivity, turbidity, and pH, the water level is the most fundamental one that needs to be monitored on a real-time basis for securing the water management system. This paper presents an overview of water level monitoring technologies based on optical fiber sensor (OFS) networks. Firstly, we introduce and compare the passive distributed and quasi-distributed (discrete) sensor networks with the recent achievements summarized. The performance (i.e., sensing range and resolution) of the OFS networks can be enhanced through diverse multiplexing techniques based on wavelength, time, coherence, space, etc. Especially, the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)-based sensor network provides remote sensing (where its reach can be extended to >40 km) with high scalability in terms of the channel number that determines the spatial resolution. We review the operation principle and characteristics of the DWDM-based OFS network with full theoretical and experimental analysis being provided. Furthermore, the key system functions and considerations (such as the link protection from physical damages, self-referencing, management of sensing units, and so on) are discussed that could be a guideline on the design process of the passive OFS network.

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Liang, Tsair-Chun, and Chun-Ting Chen. "Investigation of Dispersion and Performance Based on Ring Cavity by Birefringent Interleaver for DWDM Transmission Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/740412.

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We theoretically investigate a 25 GHz multichannel filter based on ring cavity birefringent optical interleaver for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission systems. The simulation tool used in this work is the Advanced System Analysis Program (ASAP) optical modeling software. We improve the dispersion performance by employingλ/6 andλ/4 wave plates as birefringent compensators for interleavers. The new structure exhibits a high performance with nearly zero ripple, a channel isolation greater than 102 dB, and a passband utilization of 86% within the C-band. The research results illustrate that our modified scheme can improve the dispersion of more than 76.6% in comparison with the previous studies of optical interleaver with birefringent crystal and ring cavity structures.

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Vilcane, K., S. Matsenko, M. Parfjonovs, R. Murnieks, M. Aleksejeva, and S. Spolitis. "Implementation of Multi-Wavelength Source for DWDM-PON Fiber Optical Transmission Systems." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 57, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2020-0019.

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AbstractFour-wave mixing (FWM) is one of the well-known nonlinear optical effects (NOE), and it is considered as an adverse impact in fibre optical communication lines. This nonlinear optical effect as a productive one can be used in fibre optical communication systems for various optical processing functions, like wavelength conversion, high-speed time-division multiplexing (TDM), pulse compression, fibre optical parametric amplifiers (FOPA), etc. In most of the fibre optical communication systems, each data transmission channel requires one light source (e.g., laser) as a carrier, which can make these transmission systems expensive. For example, to provide operation of 4-channel dense wavelength-division-multiplexed (DWDM) system four separate lasers at specific operation wavelengths are needed. On the contrary, through the FWM effect, which can be obtained in highly nonlinear optical fibre (HNLF) by using two high-power pump lasers, the generation of new multiple carriers forming the laser array or a multi-wavelength source is possible. Accordingly, within the present research, we investigate the latter approach for FWM light source implementation in DWDM passive optical networks (DWDM-PONs). We analyse up to 16-channel 50 GHz spaced DWDM-PON system with a bitrate of up to 10 Gbit/s per channel, constructed on the basis of two high-power continuous wave (CW) pump lasers. We evaluate the system performance against the number of its channels by changing it from 4 to 16 and in each case find the most optimal HNLF fibre length (for a 4-channel system it is 0.9 km; for an 8-channel system – 1.39 km; and for a 16-channel system – 1.05 km) and laser pump powers (for a 4-channel system it is 20 dBm; for an 8-channel system – 24.1 dBm; and for a 16-channel system – 26.3 dBm). These optimal parameters were found in order to get the highest system performance, respectively, the lowest BER (threshold BER≤10−10), and minimal power fluctuations among FWM generated carriers. The obtained results show that the proposed transmission system can be a promising solution for next-generation high-speed PONs.

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Afroozeh, Abdolkarim, Iraj Sadegh Amiri, Muhammad Arif Jalil, Mojgan Kouhnavard, Jalil Ali, and P. Preecha Yupapin. "Multi Soliton Generation for Enhance Optical Communication." Applied Mechanics and Materials 83 (July 2011): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.83.136.

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We propose a new optical system that can be used to form the multi-soliton pulses within the micro-ring resonators. The system consists of two micro-ring resonators and an add/drop multiplexer that can be integrated into a single system. The large bandwidth signal is generated by using a soliton pulse propagating in a Kerr-type nonlinear medium. The tuned soliton pulses in either spatial or temporal modes are obtained by using the add/drop multiplexer. Results show the generation of multi-soliton pulses within the micro-ring resonator can be achieved for long distance communication. This results in an increase in the number of channels and spaces with a large free spectrum range (FSR) of 650 pm for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM).

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Gómez Agredo, Gustavo Adolfo, and José Giovanny López Perafán. "Adaptación de la teoría de la información para el régimen de propagación lineal de una red óptica DWDM de próxima generación." Lámpsakos, no. 22 (November 26, 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21501/21454086.3127.

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En el desarrollo del presente artículo, se adapta la teoría de la información de Shannon y se propone una ecuación para la medida de la eficiencia espectral con el fin de aplicarla a los nuevos entornos de red ópticos NG-PON (Next Generation Passive Optical Network) propuestos por el grupo de tareas FSAN (Full Service Access Network) de la UIT-T. Este desarrollo permitirá controlar ciertos parámetros y características de configuración de los sistemas basados en fibra óptica para lograr mejoras en la eficiencia espectral, altas capacidades de acceso y grandes anchos de banda; permitiendo entender de una manera más clara los cambios que las arquitecturas de red DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) han sufrido en los últimos años como una visión del futuro de las telecomunicaciones.

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M.D, Anjana, Dr Usha Rani K. R, and Akshata Aski. "A Review on Importance of DWDM Technology in Optical Networking." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 17, 2021): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05298.

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Optical communication uses light signals for transmitting information from source to destination. Optical fiber communication has been more popular for long-distance data transfer in recent years due to various benefits such as low loss, low cost, simple amplification, minimal interference, and lightweight. A simple optical telecommunication system consists of a transmitter, a medium, and a receiver. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a significant improvement in optical communication. WDM is basically used for improving spectral efficiency and to handle more data from several clients. Normal WDM, CWDM, and DWDM are three types of WDM technology. DWDM uses the most denser optical channels in optical networking. Complete detail about all types of WDM is given. The optical spectrum used in the transmission of light signals is also discussed.

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Huszaník, Tomáš, Ján Turán, and Ľuboš Ovseník. "Realization of a Long-haul Optical Link with Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2018-0018.

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Abstract The need for high capacity and bandwidth in broadband communication systems increased rapidly in a few past years. Optical fiber is now the major transmission medium for fast and reliable communication replacing the old copper-based connections. However, with the deployment of optical networks, number of problems arise. The main problem of optical networks is the amplification in the long-distance transmission. Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is the leading technology in the field of optical amplifiers. It uses erbium doped fiber to amplify optical signal. The importance of amplification in optical domain is relevant in long-haul and high-speed transmission systems. In this paper the study of the EDFA is presented. Based on an analytical study, the simulation model of the EDFA is created. The main aim is to determine the optimal parameters of the EDFA for a long-haul 16-channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system. The performance of the proposed DWDM system is mathematically analyzed using BER (Bit Error Rate) and Q factor.

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Supe, Andis, Sergejs Olonkins, Aleksejs Udalcovs, Ugis Senkans, Rihards Mūrnieks, Lilita Gegere, Dmitrijs Prigunovs, et al. "Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical Networks." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041702.

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Space-division multiplexing (SDM) attracts attention to cladding-pumped optical amplifiers, but they suffer from a low pump power conversion efficiency. To address this issue, ytterbium (Yb3+) and erbium (Er3+) co-doping is considered as an effective approach. However, it changes the gain profile of Er3+-doped fiber amplifiers and induces the gain difference between optical wavelengths in the C-band, significantly limiting the effective band of the dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) system. This paper is devoted to a detailed study of a cladding-pumped Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) through numerical simulations aiming to identify a configuration, before assembling a similar EYDFA in our laboratory premises that ensures the desired performance. The simulation model is based on a commercial double cladding EYDF whose parameters are experimentally extracted and fed to the EYDFA setup for the system-level studies. We investigate the wavelength dependence of the amplifier’s characteristics (absolute gain, gain uniformity, noise figure) and bit error rate (BER) performance for several DWDM channels and their optical power. The obtained results show that a 7 m long EYDF and co-propagating pump direction is preferable for the EYDFA with a 3 W pump source at 975 nm and with the given gain medium characteristics for WDM applications. For instance, it ensures a gain of 19.7–28.3 dB and a noise figure of 3.7–4.2 dB when amplifying 40 DWDM channels with the input power of −20 dBm per channel. Besides, we study EYDFA gain bandwidth and the maximum output power when operating close to the saturation regime and perform a sensitivity analysis showing how the doped fiber’s absorption and emission cross-sections impact the amplification process through energy transfer from Yb3+ to Er3+. Finally, we quantify the power penalty introduced by the EYDFA; the results show that it is not higher than 0.1 dB when amplifying 40 × 10 Gbps non-return-to-zero on-off keying signals from −20 dBm/channel.

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Malka, Dror, and Gilad Katz. "An Eight-Channel C-Band Demux Based on Multicore Photonic Crystal Fiber." Nanomaterials 8, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8100845.

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A novel eight-channel demux device based on multicore photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures that operate in the C-band range (1530–1565 nm) has been demonstrated. The PCF demux design is based on replacing some air-hole areas with lithium niobate and silicon nitride materials over the PCF axis alongside with the appropriate optimizations of the PCF structure. The beam propagation method (BPM) combined with Matlab codes was used to model the demux device and optimize the geometrical parameters of the PCF structure. The simulation results showed that the eight-channel demux can be demultiplexing after light propagation of 5 cm with a large bandwidth (4.03–4.69 nm) and cross-talk (−16.88 to −15.93 dB). Thus, the proposed device has great potential to be integrated into dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology for increasing performances in networking systems.

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Liang, Tsair-Chun, and Chun-Ting Chen. "Design and Analysis of a Novel 25 GHz Interleaver for DWDM Applications with Two Ring Configurations." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/936493.

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We present a novel scheme of an excellent flat-top 25 GHz optical interleaver based on two ring configurations. And the Advanced Systems Analysis Program (ASAP) optical modeling software has been utilized for the interleaver design. The optical path difference for interference and the phase shift are provided by the interferometer with two birefringent crystals and dual-ring arrangement. The proposed structure exhibits the passband utilization of more than 90% and the channel isolation greater than 95 dB within the C-band. Furthermore, we improve the dispersion performance by employingλ/6 wave plates as birefringent compensators for interleavers. The research results illustrate that our proposed scheme with compensator can improve the dispersion of more than 85.8%. Comparing the performance with the previous studies of optical interleavers with birefringent crystal and ring structure, the proposed system can achieve an excellent 25 GHz multichannel filter for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission systems.

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Han, Yang, Djordjevic, Yue, Wang, Qu, and Anderson. "Joint Probabilistic-Nyquist Pulse Shaping for an LDPC-Coded 8-PAM Signal in DWDM Data Center Communications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9234996.

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M-ary pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) meets the requirements of data center communication because of its simplicity, but coarse entropy granularity cannot meet the dynamic bandwidth demands, and there is a large capacity gap between uniform formats and the Shannon limit. The dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system is widely used to increase the channel capacity, but low spectral efficiency of the intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) solution restricts the throughput of the modern DWDM data center networks. Probabilistic shaping distribution is a good candidate to offer us a fine entropy granularity and efficiently reduce the gap to the Shannon limit, and Nyquist pulse shaping is widely used to increase the spectral efficiency. We aim toward the joint usage of probabilistic shaping and Nyquist pulse shaping with low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of 8-PAM signal transmission. We optimized the code rate of the LDPC code and compared different Nyquist pulse shaping parameters using simulations and experiments. We achieved a 0.43 dB gain using Nyquist pulse shaping, and a 1.1 dB gain using probabilistic shaping, while the joint use of probabilistic shaping and Nyquist pulse shaping achieved a 1.27 dB gain, which offers an excellent improvement without upgrading the transceivers.

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Lee, Hoon-Keun, Jaeyul Choo, Gangsig Shin, and Joonyoung Kim. "Long-Reach DWDM-Passive Optical Fiber Sensor Network for Water Level Monitoring of Spent Fuel Pool in Nuclear Power Plant." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 4218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154218.

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This paper presents a passive optical fiber sensor network based on the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) to remotely monitor the water level of the spent fuel pool in nuclear power plants. In states of emergency, such as a tsunami, safety information must be secured for rapid response, in spite of all power losses in the plant. We consider the proposed passive sensor network to be one of the best solutions that is able to provide the remote (more than tens of kilometers) monitoring station with the highly reliable on-site information. The principle of water level measurement is based on the change of Fresnel reflection power coefficient at sensing units, which are installed according to the water levels in a row. The sensing units that play the role of reflector and modulator at the same time are connected to an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) for DWDM. By measuring the spectrum of the optical signal transferred from the sensing units, the water level can be determined in real-time. However, in the remote sensing, the system performance can be seriously degraded due to the Rayleigh Back-Scattering (RBS) of the seeded amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light that is induced at the fiber-optic link. As such, we investigate the effect of RBS on the remote (more than tens of kilometers) sensing performance of the proposed network. Following the theoretical analysis, we propose a simple network configuration to overcome the RBS issue by utilizing two different transmission paths: one for downstream of the ASE seed light, and the other for upstream of the optical signals coming from the sensing units. Based on the proposed configuration, the maximum sensing distance can be increased up to 42.5 km without the support of any optical amplifier.

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Lee, Hoon-Keun, Jaeyul Choo, and Joonyoung Kim. "16 Ch × 200 GHz DWDM-Passive Optical Fiber Sensor Network Based on a Power Measurement Method for Water-Level Monitoring of the Spent Fuel Pool in a Nuclear Power Plant." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 4055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124055.

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This paper presents a remote 16 Ch × 200 GHz dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)-passive optical fiber sensor (OFS) network. We particularly investigate the remote water-level monitoring capability of the OFS network based on an optical power measurement that features simplicity and a fast processing speed. The OFS network utilizes a seeded amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light that is spectrum-sliced and distributed by an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) towards multiple sensing units (SU), where each SU is installed at a different height in the water pool. Then, each SU reflects either of the two different optical powers according to the medium (air vs. water) back to the monitoring station. Therefore, the total received optical power at the monitoring station linearly changes according to the water level. We can simply recognize the water level by utilizing the optical power meter (OPM) at the monitoring station rather than the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), which is bulky and expensive and requires a relatively long processing time. Consequently, we can reduce the system complexity, processing time, and cost (both installation and maintenance). However, the OPM-based OFS network requires a new methodology to derive the water level from the measured optical power. Thus, we come up with the reference-to-power ratio () analysis, which can be used for the maximum distance analysis as well as water level recognition. Based on the new reception architecture supported by the new post-processing scheme, the OFS network can distinguish 17 different water levels of the SFP at the monitoring station, which is > 40 km away from the SFP, without using any active devices (such as optical amplifiers) at the remote places.

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Journal articles on the topic 'DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing)'

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