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1
Amankwaa, Adansi. "The Effects of Polygyny and Domicility on Offspring Sex Ratio in Ghana." African and Asian Studies 6, no. 4 (2007): 431–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921007x236972.
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AbstractThis article explores how family structure and domicility influences offspring sex ratio bias, specifically living arrangements of husband in polygynous unions. Data from three Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys were used to examine the relationship between family structure and offspring sex ratio at birth, something that previous studies have not been able to do. This study estimate models of sex ratio offspring if the wives live together with husband present and wives live in separate dwellings and are visited by husband in turn. The results suggest that within polygynous marriages there are more male births, especially when husbands reside in the same dwelling as wives, than when husbands reside in separate dwellings from their wives. The analyses show that offspring sex ratio is related to the structure of living arrangement of husbands in polygynous unions. Indeed, the findings suggest that living arrangements and family structure among humans are important factors in predicting offspring sex ratio bias.
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Opoku-Ntim, Irene, Aba Bentil Andam, Vicenzo Roca, J. J. Fletcher, and T. T. Akiti. "INDOOR RADON CONCENTRATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT IN SOME DWELLINGS OF OBUASI, MINING TOWN." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 188, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz254.
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Abstract 222Rn concentration indoors was measured in 40 dwellings in the Obuasi municipality, a gold-mining town in the Ashanti Region of Ghana using the LR 115 type II strippable detectors for the two major seasons in Ghana, rainy and dry. The detectors were placed in the bed rooms of dwellers for 6 months each. Average indoor radon concentration varied from 63.9 to 364.9 Bqm−3 with a mean of 152.2 ± 10.9 Bqm−3 in the rainy season and 26.1–119.0 Bqm−3 with a mean of 50.5 ± 3.9 Bqm−3 in the dry season. The effective dose of 3.90 ± 0.3 mSvy−1 for the rainy season and for the dry season, effective dose of 0.6 mSvy−1 were recorded. The seasonal variation of 222Rn concentration indoors showed higher values in the rainy season than the dry season. A dependence was observed between the type of building materials used in building and the indoor radon level.
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Otoo, F., E. O. Darko, M. Garavaglia, C. Giovani, S. Pividore, A. B. Andam, J. K. Amoako, O. K. Adukpo, J. B. Tandoh, and S. Inkoom. "Seasonal indoor radon studies in buildings of Accra Metropolis of Greater Accra region of Ghana." Radioprotection 53, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2018023.
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Indoor radon concentration for annual, rainy and dry season have been studied in 228 buildings which includes bedroom, kitchen, sitting room, laboratories and offices in Accra metropolis of Greater Accra of Ghana. The passive radon CR-39 SSNTD was used for this study. The cumulative frequency distribution, normalizing Q-Q plots, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk statistical test showed that the result of both workplaces and dwellings are not normally distributed. The strong positive correlation between the two seasons occurred at 95% confidence level with 2 tailed. The rainy season recorded highest coefficient variation of r2 = 0.982. Statistical analysis of median (39.3), AM (103.4), GM (57.9) and GSD (3.2) for rainy season were greater than that of the dry season of median (26.9), AM (88.2), GM (49.2) and GSD (2.8) respectively. Rainy season was found to contain high radon concentrations than the dry season for all the studied locations. In general, workplace had radon concentration far greater than dwellings. The results obtained from this study ranged between 13.6 to 533.7 Bq/m3, out of which 9.6%, 12.7% and 3.5% were found to be greater than action levels proposed by WHO, EC and ICRP.
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Otoo, F., I. Arhin, and E. O. Darko. "STUDIES OF RADON LEVELS, RADIUM CONCENTRATION, AND ESTIMATED EFFECTIVE DOSE IN DWELLINGS AND SOILS IN GOLD MINING TOWNS IN ABIREM OF EASTERN REGION OF GHANA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 191, no. 3 (September 2020): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa129.
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Abstract Studies have been carried in 126 dwellings for indoor radon levels and 43 soil samples for radium and radon exhalation rate of Abirem communities in Eastern region of Ghana. The measurements were done using CR-39 and HPGe techniques. Indoor radon and mean concentration ranged from 23.8 to 125.7 Bq/m3, 54.7 ± 23.7 Bq/m3. Bedroom, kitchen, and sitting varied from 30.8 to 125.7 Bq/m3, 23.8–63.9 Bq/m3 and 23.8 to 58.4 Bq/m3. Strong and weak Pearson correlation were found between radium and radon in soil, radium and indoor radon concentration. Radium concentration and mean were found to be varied from 19.5 to 38.9 Bq/kg, 29.0 ± 16.0 Bq/kg. The radon exhalation rate and mean in soil were also found to be varied from 21.3 to 112.1 μBq/m2h, 65.1 ± 27.6 μBq/m2h. Indoor radon values and radium concentration in dwellings and soil recorded 8% and 38%, respectively, more than action proposed by WHO and UNSCEAR 2000. The estimated annual effective doses and cancer risk were less than the average values recommended by UNSCEAR and ICRP.
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Agyei Danquah, Joseph, Daniel Duah, and Alexander Boakye Marful. "SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN REAL ESTATE HOUSING IN GHANA: PERCEPTION OF OCCUPANTS." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 8, no. 4 (December 24, 2017): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2017v8i4p98-113.
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Sustainability has been and continues to be the one recurring topical issue the world over. Governments all over are turning serious attention towards the provision of sustainable urban housing for their urban populace. This they have realised holds the key to leading developmental growth for their economies. Building professionals are now confronted everywhere on green building and construction Ghana as a lower middle income country is grappled with a huge housing demand giving rise to a thriving real estate sector in the capital city. The houses they produce come with exhorbitant cost due to the fact that most of these building features are imported in addition to poor planning and design construction. The paper evaluates the occupiers of this estates house their perception on sustainable housing solutions and their satisfaction levels in the dwellings. Again it sought to investigate the building performance in meeting the occupant’s desired comfort. The study adopted the case study as the most appropriate with quantitative methods and random sampling techniques in sample size and questionaire administration. Data collected were analysed by the spps analytical tools and results presented in tables bar and pie charts. Likert scale ranking from 1-5 were used to rank satisfaction with Habitability Index (HI)formula used determine the actual satisfaction levels. Results indicated that majority of occupiers were aware of sustainability issues. Whilst they acknowledge the opportunities offered they were reluctant in making extra expenditure to get these sustainable solutions. Satisfaction levels were high for site planning, and neighbourhood landscape obtaining Habitability Index above 80%. Provision of natural ventilation, natural lighting, use of local materials energy efficient design and rain water harvesting received satisfaction levels of HI below 50%. The study thus recommends amongst others aspects that further education should be carried out by the key stakeholders on housing delivery; government should foster practising sustainable housing by public private partnerships and offering various incentive packages to participants; and government should establish a regulatory body to oversee the operations of real estate developers. This study would provide vital information on the perceived indicators of Real Estate occupants in Ghana.
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Adzawla, William, Hamdiyah Alhassan, and Adams Imoru Jongare. "Explaining the Effects of Socioeconomic and Housing Characteristics on the Choice of Toilet Facilities among Ghanaian Households." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (May 20, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4036045.
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Open defecation remains a major environmental sanitation challenge facing all areas of Ghana. This notwithstanding, the socioeconomic drivers of this phenomenon are overlooked. This study, therefore, analysed the factors that influence the choice of toilet facilities over the practice of open defecation in the country. Ghana Living Standard Survey round 7 (GLSS7) data were analysed using multinomial logit regression. From the data, a majority of households used improved toilet facilities (WC, KVIP, and pit latrines with slab) in Ghana and over one-fourth of households engaged in open defecation. The regression result revealed that the choice of toilet facilities over the practice of open defecation was significantly influenced by the sex of the household head, age, household size, education, marital status, locating in urban areas, regional locations, ownership of dwelling, type of dwelling, expenditure on rent, expenditure quintile, and per capita consumption expenditure of the household. Specifically, male, younger, less educated, and first income-quintile household heads have higher probability of practicing open defecation in Ghana. These variables point to specific policy directions that should be corrected or targeted to minimize, if not eliminate, the practice of open defecation in the country. The Media Coalition Campaign against Open Defecation should be intensified and directed towards the males, youths, and the less educated populace. This study also justified that calls for Ghanaians to change their attitudes or behavior towards open defecation are mere rhetoric if such calls are not defined within the socioeconomic conditions of the people of the area.
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Klaeger, Gabriel. "DWELLING ON THE ROAD: ROUTINES, RITUALS AND ROADBLOCKS IN SOUTHERN GHANA." Africa 83, no. 3 (August 2013): 446–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000260.
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ABSTRACTThe Accra–Kumasi road, one of Ghana's most important trunk roads, traverses numerous towns and settlements whose residents at times engage intimately with the road on their doorstep. In this article, I provide ethnographic insights into the ways in which roadside dwellers conceptualize – and spatialize – the road and its roadside through distinct repertoires of movement (performed and encountered), through localized storytelling and narratives, through self-reflection, and also through disruptive and vigilante actions. I describe the spatial practices that are at the core of the dwellers' ‘anthropological’ experience of the road and its roadside, a space that is continuously domesticated, appropriated and, thus, implicated in the mundane and everyday. The dwellers' everyday practices, as well as the exceptional performances oriented to the road, appear as closely intertwined both with the liveliness, socialities and opportunities the road affords, as well as with its dangers and potential for destruction and death. Thus the ‘ambivalent nature of road experiences’, in Masquelier's phrase – namely the experience of the road as a space of both perils and possibilities – is crucial to how roadside dwellers socially produce the Accra–Kumasi road.
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Klaeger, Gabriel. "Dwelling on the Road: Routines, Rituals and Roadblocks in Southern Ghana." Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute 83, no. 3 (2013): 446–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/afr.2013.0038.
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Nutor, Jerry John, Henry Ofori Duah, Precious Adade Duodu, Pascal Agbadi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, and Ernest Darkwah. "Geographical variations and factors associated with recent HIV testing prevalence in Ghana: spatial mapping and complex survey analyses of the 2014 demographic and health surveys." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e045458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045458.
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ObjectiveTo examine the factors associated with recent HIV testing and to develop an HIV testing prevalence surface map using spatial interpolation techniques to identify geographical areas with low and high HIV testing rates in Ghana.DesignSecondary analysis of Demographic and Health Survey.SettingRural and urban GhanaParticipantsThe study sample comprised 9380 women and 3854 men of 15–49 years.ResultsWe found that 13% of women and 6% of men of Ghana had tested for HIV in the past 12 months. For women, being within the age groups of 15–39 years, being currently married, attainment of post-secondary education, having only one sexual partner and dwelling in certain regions with reference to greater Accra (Volta, Eastern, Upper West and Upper East) were associated with a higher likelihood of HIV testing. For men, being older than 19 years, attainment of post-secondary education and dwelling in the Upper East region with reference to the greater Accra region were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of HIV testing. The surface map further revealed intra-regional level differences in HIV testing estimates.ConclusionGiven the results, HIV testing must be expanded with equitable testing resource allocation that target areas within the regions in Ghana with low HIV testing prevalence. Men should be encouraged to be tested for HIV.
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Boadu, Kwame, and Frank Trovato. "Association of Social Class with Malaria Prevalence Among Household Heads in Ghana." Canadian Studies in Population 33, no. 2 (December 31, 2006): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6fs67.
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This is an exploratory study that investigates the association of social class with malaria prevalence among household heads in Ghana. Data utilized is taken from the 1997 Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire (CWIQ) survey of Ghana. The survey collected information on households covering a variety of topics including education, health, employment, household assets, household amenities, poverty predictors, and child anthropometry. A total of 14,514 households were interviewed, comprising 63 percent rural household heads and 37 percent urban household heads. The research method employed in this study involves the construction of a composite index of social class from six indicators namely, education, dwelling ownership, heads of cattle, modern household items, main source of cooking fuel and type of toilet facility. Logistic regression was applied in examining the association between social class and the dependent variable, prevalence of malaria. Marital status and personal hygiene were examined together with social class as the predictor variables, while sex, age, place of residence and ecological zone were introduced as control variables. The study revealed that there was no direct association between social class and the prevalence of malaria among household heads in Ghana; rather, marital status served as a mediating factor.
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McCaskie, T. C. "People and animals: constru(ct)ing the Asante experience." Africa 62, no. 2 (April 1992): 221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160456.
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AbstractThe Asante (Ashanti) are a forest-dwelling people of West Africa, now located in the Republic of Ghana. This article deals with the Asante perception of forest animals within a broad cultural and historical context. Such animals were ubiquitous in Asante life and thought, and the article offers an analysis of the readings—phenomenological and ontological—placed upon them. The article also explores the ways in which the constructions placed upon animals were linked to Asante understandings of selfhood and the person, and to readings of myth and history.
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Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Eugene Budu, Ebenezer Agbaglo, Francis Appiah, Collins Adu, Anita Gracious Archer, and Edward Kwabena Ameyaw. "What influences home delivery among women who live in urban areas? Analysis of 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): e0244811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244811.
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Background In Ghana, home delivery among women in urban areas is relatively low compared to rural areas. However, the few women who deliver at home in urban areas still face enormous risk of infections and death, just like those in rural areas. The present study investigated the factors associated with home delivery among women who live in urban areas in Ghana. Materials and methods Data for this study was obtained from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. We used data of 1,441 women who gave birth in the 5 years preceding the survey and were dwelling in urban areas. By the use of Stata version 14.2, we conducted both descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results We found that 7.9% of women in urban areas in Ghana delivered at home. The study revealed that, compared to women who lived in the Northern region, women who lived in the Brong Ahafo region [AOR = 0.38, CI = 0.17–0.84] were less likely to deliver at home. The likelihood of home delivery was high among women in the poorest wealth quintile [AOR = 2.02, CI = 1.06–3.86], women who professed other religions [AOR = 3.45; CI = 1.53–7.81], and those who had no antenatal care visits [AOR = 7.17; 1.64–31.3]. Conversely, the likelihood of home delivery was lower among women who had attained secondary/higher education [AOR = 0.30; 0.17–0.53], compared to those with no formal education. Conclusion The study identified region of residence, wealth quintile, religion, antenatal care visits, and level of education as factors associated with home delivery among urban residents in Ghana. Therefore, health promotion programs targeted at home delivery need to focus on these factors. We also recommend that a qualitative study should be conducted to investigate the factors responsible for the differences in home delivery in terms of region, as the present study could not do so.
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Gyasi, Razak M., and David R. Phillips. "Risk of Psychological Distress Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Experiencing Spousal Loss in Ghana." Gerontologist 60, no. 3 (May 16, 2019): 416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz052.
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Abstract Background Spousal loss, common in older age, has been linked to negative mental health outcomes and well-being, yet the mechanisms linking spousal loss and mental health are still unclear. Objective To investigate whether physical activity, social support, and gender modify the psychological distress effects of marital loss among community-dwelling older persons in Ghana. Methods Data from a 2016/2017 Ageing, Health, Psychological Well-being, and Health-seeking Behavior Study (N = 1,200) were examined. OLS regression models examined associations between spousal loss and psychological distress outcomes and interaction terms. Results Spousal loss (widowhood and divorce/separation) was associated with psychological distress (measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [KPDS-10]) for the full sample (β = .798, p < .001), women (β = .831, p < .001) and for men (β = .533, p < .05). After adjusting for potential confounders, the associations between spousal loss and psychological distress persisted for the full sample (β = .727, p < .001) and females only (β = .730, p < .001). In particular, when experiencing spousal loss, those with meaningful social support (β = −.856, p < .005) and engaged in physical activity (β = −.258, p < .001) were less likely to be psychologically distressed. Conclusions Spousal loss precipitates an independent risk of psychological distress in older age particularly among women, but social support and physical activity engagements moderate the relationship. These findings support the premise that providing opportunities to improve social support and regular physical activity may buffer the effects of psychological distress among older persons experiencing spousal loss. Providing support for older adults in times of divorce and widowhood, and working towards changes in social attitudes towards divorce are important considerations.
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Alaazi, Dominic A., Devidas Menon, Tania Stafinski, Gian Jhangri, Joshua Evans, and Stephen Hodgins. "Ageing, urban marginality, and health in Ghana." Alberta Academic Review 2, no. 3 (October 22, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar102.
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The world’s population is rapidly ageing. Global estimates for the next three decades indicate a two-fold increase in the population of older adults aged ≥60 years. Nearly 80% of this growth will occur in low and middle-income countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where population health is already under threat from poverty, degraded environments, and deficient healthcare systems. Although the world’s poorest region, sub-Saharan Africa, ironically, will witness the fastest growth in older populations, rising by 64% over the next 15 years. Indications are that the majority of this population will live in resource-poor settings, characterized by deficient housing and neighbourhood conditions. Yet, very little research has systematically examined the health and wellbeing of older adults in such settings. Drawing on the ecological theory of ageing, the present study explores the living conditions and quality of life of elderly slum dwellers in Ghana, a sub-Saharan African country with a growing population of older adults. Data collection was undertaken in two phases in two environmentally contrasting neighbourhoods in Accra, Ghana. In Phase 1, we carried out a cross-sectional survey of older adults in a slum community (n = 302) and a non-slum neighbourhood (n = 301), using the World Health Organization quality of life assessment tool (WHOQoL-BREF). The survey data were complemented in Phase 2 with qualitative interviews involving a sample of community dwelling older adults (N = 30), health service providers (N = 5), community leaders (N = 2), and policymakers (N = 5). Preliminary analysis of the survey data revealed statistically significant differences in the social and environment domains of quality of life, while the qualitative data identified multiple health barriers and facilitators in the two neighbourhoods. Insights from the research are expected to inform health and social interventions for older slum dwellers in Ghana.
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Asosega, Killian Asampana, Atinuke Olusola Adebanji, and Iddrisu Wahab Abdul. "Spatial analysis of the prevalence of obesity and overweight among women in Ghana." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e041659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041659.
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ObjectiveIdentifying hot spots for the overweight aids in effective public health interventions due to the associated public health burden and morbidities. This study, therefore aimed to explore and determine the spatial disparities in the overweight/obesity prevalence among women in Ghana. The study also aims at modelling the average body mass index (BMI) values using the spatial regression and the performance compared with the standard regression model.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study using data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS).SettingThe study was set in Ghana.Participants and methodsData on 4393 non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years from the 2014 GDHS. Both global (Moran’s I) and the local indicators for spatial dependence were examined through the mapped BMI values across the country by clusters. An estimated spatial lag model was used to explain the spatial differences in the average body sizes of women.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight/obesity among reproductive women in Ghana was 35.4%, and this was highly prevalent among educated women (p<0.001), those from wealthy households (p<0.001) and dwelling in an urban setting (p<0.001). Significant clustering (Moran’s I=0.3145, p<0.01) of overweight/obesity was observed with hot spots (clustering) in Greater Accra, Central, Western and Ashanti regions. The spatial lag model was the best fit based on the Likelihood ratio test and the Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion values. The mean age of women and household wealth were significant factors accounting for the increase in the average cluster body size (BMI) of women and the spatial differences.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight/obesity was high and spatially clustered in the southern, middle and coastal regions. Geographic specific and effective public health interventions and strategies are needed to address the growing morbidity burden associated with the rise in the average body sizes of reproductive women.
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van der Wielen, Nele, Andrew Amos Channon, and Jane Falkingham. "Does insurance enrolment increase healthcare utilisation among rural-dwelling older adults? Evidence from the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 1 (February 2018): e000590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000590.
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IntroductionThis paper examines the relationship between national health insurance enrolment and the utilisation of inpatient and outpatient healthcare for older adults in rural areas in Ghana. The Ghanaian National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) aims to improve affordability and increase the utilisation of healthcare. However, the system has been criticised for not being responsive to the needs of older adults. The majority of older adults in Ghana live in rural areas with poor accessibility to healthcare. With an ageing population, a specific assessment of whether the scheme has benefitted older adults, and also if the benefit is equitable, is needed.MethodsUsing the Ghanaian Living Standards Survey from 2012 to 2013, this paper uses propensity score matching to estimate the effect of enrolment within the NHIS on the utilisation of inpatient and outpatient care among older people aged 50 and over.ResultsThe raw results show higher utilisation of healthcare among NHIS members, which persists after matching. NHIS members were 6% and 9% more likely to use inpatient and outpatient care, respectively, than non-members. When these increases were disaggregated for outpatient care, the non-poor and females were seen to benefit more than their poor and male counterparts. For inpatient care, the benefits of enrolment were equal by poverty status and sex. However, overall, poor older adults use health services much less than the non-poor older adults even when enrolled.ConclusionThe results indicate that NHIS coverage does increase healthcare utilisation among rural older adults but that inequalities remain. The poor are still at a great disadvantage in their use of health services overall and benefit less from enrolment for outpatient care. The receipt of healthcare is significantly influenced by a set of auxiliary barriers to access to healthcare even where insurance should remove the financial burden of ad hoc out of pocket payments.
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Amoako, Clifford, and Daniel Kweku Baah Inkoom. "The production of flood vulnerability in Accra, Ghana: Re-thinking flooding and informal urbanisation." Urban Studies 55, no. 13 (January 24, 2017): 2903–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016686526.
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To date, understandings of flood vulnerability in African cities have been conceptually and practically limited. A dominant focus on the geophysical and biophysical causes of flood events restricts the analyses to the source of flood events and does not pay critical attention to the internal actors, dynamics and processes of informal urbanisation where the burden of flood impacts usually fall. This paper challenges these analyses by approaching the problem of flood vulnerability through an understanding of informal urbanisation. The study is based on experiences from selected informal communities in Accra, Ghana. Drawing on mixed qualitative methods including community focus group discussions, hazard victims’ interviews and institutional consultations/surveys, the study reveals that flood vulnerability in informal settlements has co-evolved with the dynamics of informal urbanisation and dwelling processes. The paper therefore makes a case for a re-look at the epistemology and ontology of urban flooding in rapidly and informally urbanising areas in the Global South.
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Gyasi, Razak M., David R. Phillips, and Padmore Adusei Amoah. "Multidimensional Social Support and Health Services Utilization Among Noninstitutionalized Older Persons in Ghana." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 3-4 (December 3, 2018): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318816217.
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Objectives: This study examines multidimensional social supports as predictors of health services utilization among community-dwelling older Ghanaians. Method: Using data from a 2016/2017 Aging, Health, Psychological Wellbeing and Health-Seeking Behavior Study ( N = 1,200), Poisson regression models estimated the associations of aspects of informal social support and health facility utilization among older people. Results: Findings suggest that regular contacts with family/close friends (odds ratio [OR] = 1.299; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.111, 1.519]), social participation (OR = 1.021; 95% CI = [1.140, 1.910]), and remittances from adult children (OR = 1.091; 95%CI = [1.086, 1.207]) were associated with increased health services utilization with some gender variations. Having caregivers increased health care use generally (OR = 1.108; 95% CI = [1.016, 1.209]) and among men (OR = 1.181; 95% CI = [1.015, 1.373]). However, we found decrease in health care use among those who received pecuniary assistance (OR = 0.893; 95% CI = [0.805, 0.990]). Discussion: Perceived structural and functional social support domains appear influential in health care utilization among older adults in Ghana. The findings underscore the need for intervention programs and social policies targeted at both micro-factors and wider social factors, including the novel area of remittances to older adults.
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Jalloh, M., E. A. Osekre, R. Adu-Acheampong, and G. Dumbuya. "IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN COCOA FARMS ON SOIL DWELLING ARTHROPODS IN THE EASTERN REGION OF GHANA." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2018.6(2).386.395.
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Gyasi, Razak M., David R. Phillips, and Kabila Abass. "Social support networks and psychological wellbeing in community-dwelling older Ghanaian cohorts." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 07 (October 25, 2018): 1047–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218001539.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Social support networks for older persons have been related to health outcomes including differences in psychological wellbeing (PWB). However, the specifics of this relationship remain unclear especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the (1) relationship between aspects of social support and PWB among older persons in Ghana and (2) the extent to which this relationship is moderated by their education levels and locational characteristics.Method:The study included 1,200 community-residing individuals aged 50 years and older who participated in an Aging, Health, Psychological Wellbeing and Health-seeking Behavior Study (AHPWHB) conducted between July 2016 and February 2017. Logistic regression models evaluated the associations of social support and their interactions with education and locational variables in PWB.Results:Several aspects of meaningful social support: family/friends contacts ( β = 0.958, p < 0.05), couple focused ( β = 0.887, p < 0.001), emotional bonds ( β = 0.658, p < 0.005), attending social events ( β = 0.519, p < 0.001) and remittances from children ( β = 0.394, p < 0.005) significantly related to improved PWB in later life. These associations remained robust and largely strengthened after accounting for respondents’ background and health-related factors. Education and locational characteristics substantially influenced the associations between social support and PWB.Conclusion:These findings suggest that especially in terms of PWB, aspects of meaningful social support networks are critical elements in later life. Strengthening opportunities for closer interpersonal relations with older persons may enhance their mental health, quality of life and independence.
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Manglos-Weber, Nicolette D. "The Contexts of Spiritual Seeking: How Ghanaians in the United States Navigate Changing Normative Conditions of Religious Belief and Practice." Sociology of Religion 82, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 133–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socrel/sraa058.
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Abstract Two concurrent agendas in the sociology of religion explore how conditions of secularism in the United States result in widespread norms of “spiritual seeking”, and how religion functions as a basis of belonging for U.S. immigrants. This study brings these subfields together by asking whether new immigrants from Ghana, West Africa, also exhibit an orientation of spiritual seeking in their religious trajectories, and how they engage with normative conditions of spiritual seeking within institutional contexts. I find strong evidence of spiritual seeking in their narratives, and I identify processes within the social institutions of family and coethnic networks, higher education, and African Evangelical Christianity that support a seeking orientation. I argue for more focus on the counter-impulses of seeking versus dwelling in immigrant religion, and that more studies of religion and culture should explicitly analyze the institutional contexts that mediate between normative culture and trajectories of social practice.
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Mabe, Joshua Biliwi, and Elias Danyi Kuusaana. "Property taxation and its revenue utilisation for urban infrastructure and services in Ghana." Property Management 34, no. 4 (August 15, 2016): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-07-2015-0033.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss property taxation and examine the extent of its contribution to financing urban infrastructure/services in Ghana. Dwelling on existing literature, it analyses the contribution of property tax to local level internally generated funds (IGF) and expenditure on urban infrastructure/services financed from IGF. Design/methodology/approach – Using a case study approach with a combination of both quantitative and qualitative research, this research was carried out in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis in the Western region, Ghana based on its economic and social diversity, business and economic opportunities and different land tenure systems. Data were collected through expert interviews and questionnaires, with a baseline study from 2006 to 2013. To check the veracity of data, triangulation of data were adopted. Findings – The study revealed that property rate accounted for 28 per cent of IGF of the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly (STMA). This revenue was expended mostly on waste management, education, social services, street lights and health facilities. For the period between 2006 and 2013, property rates revenue alone was able to finance not less than 84 per cent of total expenditure from IGF. It was estimated that if the challenges to property taxation were resolved in Ghana, the tax could finance the entire annual IGF budget of the STMA on urban infrastructure and services over and above the expended expenditure with a surplus margin of 13 per cent. Practical implications – This paper makes available empirical evidence of property tax contribution to IGF of STMA that could stimulate and enhance revenue mobilisation of other local government authorities. Debate on property tax revenue contribution towards financing urban infrastructure/services is also stimulated. Originality/value – There exist many researches on property tax, however, none of these studies have examined the exact contributions of property rating revenue in financing urban infrastructure and services. This paper is the product of the original research conducted in Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis.
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Gyimah, Linda Afriyie, Reginald Adjetey Annan, Charles Apprey, Anthony Edusei, Linda Nana Esi Aduku, Odeafo Asamoah-Boakye, Wisdom Azanu, and Herman Lutterodt. "Dietary diversity and its correlates among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): e0247979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247979.
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Background Dietary diversity, a qualitative measure of dietary intake, which reflects the variety of foods consumed has been recommended to assuage nutritional problems related to insufficient micronutrients, and food insecurity. To better understand the underlying factors for poor birth outcomes in Ghana, we assessed factors associated with dietary diversity among rural and urban pregnant adolescents in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Methods As part of a larger longitudinal cohort of 416 pregnant adolescents, the FAO minimum dietary diversity for women index was used to determine the dietary diversity score (DDS) of the participants from a previous days’ 24-hour dietary recall data. The household hunger scale (HHS) and lived poverty index (LPI) were used to determine hunger and socioeconomic status. Eating behavior and socio-demographic data were gathered using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results The mean age of the participants was 17.5 (±1.4) years with an MDD-W of 4.4 and 56% recording inadequate MDD score. More rural (63.6%) than urban dwellers (50.6%) had inadequate DDS (p = 0.008). Among all the multiple variables tests of associations on dietary diversity, only hunger status (p = 0.028) and both food aversion and poverty status (p = 0.003) had a significant effect on the adolescents’ dietary diversity. Rural dwelling adolescents (AOR = 1.7, p = 0.035, 95% CI = 1.0–2.6) recorded higher odds for inadequate DD compared with the urban respondents. Pregnant adolescents with severe hunger had higher odds (Unadjusted OR = 1.9, p = 0.053, 95% CI 1.1–3.8) for inadequate dietary diversity compared with those with no hunger. Conclusions Inadequate DD is common among pregnant adolescents in this study and is associated with rural living, food insecurity, poverty, and food craving. Livelihood support for pregnant teenagers and nutrition education are recommended interventions to improve dietary quality and limit the consequences of poor dietary diversity.
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Holdsworth, Michelle, Rebecca Pradeilles, Akua Tandoh, Mark Green, Milkah Wanjohi, Francis Zotor, Gershim Asiki, et al. "Unhealthy eating practices of city-dwelling Africans in deprived neighbourhoods: Evidence for policy action from Ghana and Kenya." Global Food Security 26 (September 2020): 100452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100452.
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Frimpong, Kwame. "A Review of Rent Control Legislation in Botswana." Journal of African Law 33, no. 1 (1989): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185530000797x.
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The subject “Rent Control” is very wide as it covers many areas. It may deal with the control of rents in respect of agricultural land, industrial property or it may be limited either to dwelling houses or commercial buildings. For the purposes of this paper, “rent control” focuses on the dwelling or residential houses and commercial buildings in the country. The obvious reason is that the current rent control legislation is limited to those properties because of the apparent high level of the rents they attract.The use of legislation to control rents of premises is a product of the twentieth century. In England, for instance, the first attempt to control rents was in 1915, during the First World War. It is interesting to note that the first legislation on rent control in England coincided with the outbreak of the First World War. Rent controls in Nigeria and Ghana were also influenced by the First and Second World Wars respectively. The reason for the introduction of rent control legislation to coincide with world wars is not hard to find. Wars generally create shortages of a number of essential goods because many resources are diverted to the production of armaments and the labour force is channelled to the battle front. Housing is one of the needs of mankind which usually becomes scarce as a result of the outbreak of a major war like the last two World Wars.
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Abasi, Augustine Kututera. "Lua-lia, the ‘fresh funeral’: founding a house for the deceased among the Kasena of north-east Ghana." Africa 65, no. 3 (July 1995): 448–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161054.
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AbstractFor the Kasena, life finds in death both its measure and its renewal. Indeed, the dead survive through their descendants and in the world of ancestors. Funeral practices are very elaborate. They not only reflect the social, cultural, religious and psychological values and preoccupations shared by the group but are also a way of elaborating upon them. Social and cultural life is re-invigorated through a person's death and funerals, while the dead person is himself the foundation of his descendants' life.This article, drawing from fieldwork in the author's native area, focuses, in particular, on first funerals for adults. Detailed description is followed by the analysis of surprising similarities between birth and funeral rites. It then examines the ‘house’ or the ‘bedroom’ built in the ground – either in the maternal bedroom itself, or in a neighbouring field towards the east – in order to welcome death as an extension, as a founder in the depths of the survivors' dwelling.
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OWUSU-FRIMPONG, Mark, Gifty ABACHE, Prince Emmanuel OPPONG, Randy Kwadwo AGYEIBI, and Akwasi AMPOFO-YEBOAH. "Traditional Fisheries Management of Lake Bosomtwe, a Sacred Lake in Ghana: Past, Present and Future." Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47881/128.967x.
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Lake Bosomtwe is an ancient meteoritic impact crater lake, situated near Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The lake is highly prized as a major source of freshwater fish supply, livelihoods, and a resort attraction. The lake is held sacred because of the legend surrounding its discovery. Its predominantly cichlid fishery has been managed for many centuries only by laws that were shrouded in taboos or traditional religious prohibitions. Human activities with the tendency to upset the spirits believed to be dwelling in the lake, such as excessive agitation of the water, noise-making, fishing on a sacred day and the use of conventional nets were prohibited and outlawed. The chiefs, at the instance of the priests of the local shrines, demanded ritual (animal and drink) sacrifices from offenders in cases of non-observance of the taboos to pacify and avert the wrath of the spirits. Although, the laws were essentially traditional religious commandments they were not without connotations for conventional fisheries management. Currently, however, virtually all the traditional fisheries rules and regulations appear to have broken down, as modernity seems to have eroded their relevance, with the result that there is a serious overfishing and depletion of the fish stocks. Nevertheless, recovery of the dwindled fisheries is possible by blending conventional management practices and the traditional laws that are still deemed relevant.
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Koyanagi, Ai, Hans Oh, Davy Vancampfort, Andre F. Carvalho, Nicola Veronese, Brendon Stubbs, and Elvira Lara. "Perceived Stress and Mild Cognitive Impairment among 32,715 Community-Dwelling Older Adults across Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Gerontology 65, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492177.
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Background: Perceived stress may be a modifiable risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and ultimately dementia, but studies on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are lacking. Objective: We assessed the association between perceived stress and MCI in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa) using nationally representative data. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based data on individuals aged ≥50 years from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. A perceived stress score (range 0 [lowest stress] to 10 [highest stress]) was computed based on two questions from the Perceived Stress Scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between perceived stress and MCI. Results: The mean (SD) age of the 32,715 participants was 62.1 (15.6) years and 51.7% were females. After adjustment for potential confounders including depression, in the overall sample, a one-unit increase in the perceived stress score was associated with a 1.14 (95% CI = 1.11–1.18) times higher odds for MCI. The association was similar among those aged 50–64 and ≥65 years. Countrywise analysis showed that there was a moderate level of between-country heterogeneity in this association (I2 = 59.4%), with the strongest association observed in Russia (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15–1.55). Conclusion: If our study results are confirmed in prospective studies, addressing perceived stress may have an impact in reducing the risk for MCI and subsequent dementia in LMICs.
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Cole, Helen V., Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Juliet Iwelunmor, Valerie Newsome, Karlijn Meeks, Charles Agyemang, and Girardin Jean-Louis. "Sleep duration is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular outcomes: a pilot study in a sample of community dwelling adults in Ghana." Sleep Medicine 34 (June 2017): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.03.008.
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Awuviry-Newton, Kofi, Kylie Wales, Meredith Tavener, and Julie Byles. "Do factors across the World Health Organisation's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework relate to caregiver availability for community-dwelling older adults in Ghana?" PLOS ONE 15, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): e0233541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233541.
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Gardner, Daniel S., and Nancy Giunta. "MOBILIZING COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS TO ENHANCE HEALTH AND REDUCE INEQUITIES IN MULTICULTURAL COMMUNITIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2733.
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Abstract Community-based gerontological research plays an indispensable role in identifying and addressing the strengths, intersectionalities, and socio-structural inequities that shape the lives of older adults in multicultural communities around the world. This symposium highlights the innovative, global scholarship of Silberman Aging: A Hartford Center of Excellence in Diverse Aging, as the Center begins its sixth year. Through community-based research and academic-community collaborations, Center researchers examine challenges affecting the health and wellbeing of diverse and often marginalized aging communities in North America, West Africa, and East Asia. The first paper describes and evaluates a CBPR project that trains community-based natural helping networks to identify and refer older adults with dementia in East Harlem, NY. The second study explores the perceptions and strategies of community-based primary care physicians in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in dealing with elder abuse and neglect. The third takes a population health approach to the relationship between social capital and health among older adults in Ghana. Fourth, preliminary results from an evaluation of a nation-wide training initiative that promotes cultural-competencies among aging services providers working with LGBT elders. Finally, we present findings from a CBPR study examining barriers to palliative care among racially and ethnically-diverse community-dwelling older adults with serious illness. Although substantively and methodologically varied, these studies all demonstrate the importance of social networks in health in later life, and underscore the value of community-based research that supports collaboration, empowers communities, and ultimately transforms practice and policy to better meet the diverse needs of older adults around the globe.
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Jacob, Louis, Karel Kostev, Lee Smith, Hans Oh, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Jae Il Shin, Adel S. Abduljabbar, Josep Maria Haro, and Ai Koyanagi. "Sarcopenia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults from Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 4 (August 17, 2021): 1745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210321.
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Background: Little is known about the relationship between sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: This study aimed to investigate this association among community-dwelling adults aged≥65 years from six LMICs. Methods: Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were analyzed. These data were obtained in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa in 2007–2010. Participants were considered to have sarcopenia if they had low skeletal muscle mass (i.e., lower skeletal mass index) and a weak handgrip strength. MCI was defined using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations. Results: The final analytical sample consisted of 12,912 individuals aged≥65 years with preservation in functional abilities without stroke (mean [standard deviation] age 72.2 [10.8] years; 45.2% males). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia and MCI were 11.3% and 18.1%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a positive association between sarcopenia and MCI in all countries (i.e., odds ratio [OR] > 1) with the exception of South Africa, and the overall estimate was OR = 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32–1.93) with a low level of between-country heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%). Conclusion: There was a positive association between sarcopenia and MCI in this sample of older adults living in LMICs. Causality should be assessed in future longitudinal research, while the utility of sarcopenia as a marker of MCI should also be investigated.
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Dun-Dery, Elvis J., and Amos K. Laar. "Exclusive breastfeeding among city-dwelling professional working mothers in Ghana." International Breastfeeding Journal 11, no. 1 (September 6, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-016-0083-8.
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Odame, Samuel Kofi, Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie, Mabel Oti-Boadi, Johnny Andoh-Arthur, and Kwaku Oppong Asante. "Adolescent Problem Gambling in Rural Ghana: Prevalence and Gender Differentiation." Journal of Gambling Studies, November 11, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-020-09987-6.
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Abstract Problem gambling among young people is now a public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the behaviour remains understudied, particularly, among rural-dwelling young people in countries within the subregion. We aimed to estimate the 12 months prevalence of problem gambling and to describe the overall and gender differences and commonalities in personal factors and social adversities associated with problem gambling among adolescents in rural Ghana. We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving a random sample of 1101 in-school adolescents aged 10–19 years in a rural district in Eastern Ghana; we used the DSM-IV-Multiple Response-Juvenile (DSM-IV-MR-J) questionnaire to assess problem gambling during the previous 12 months. Personal lifestyle and psychosocial variables were assessed using adopted items from the 2012 WHO–Global School-based Student Health Survey. Overall, three in 10 adolescents (3 in 10 females; 4 in 10 males) in rural Ghana reported problem gambling in the previous 12 months. Female adolescents who experienced problem gambling were more likely to report family-related social adversities, while adolescent male problem gambling was associated with school-related factors and interpersonal factors outside the family context. Regardless of gender, sexual abuse victimisation was associated with three times increase in the odds of experiencing problem gambling. Relative to the prevalence of gambling among adolescents in urban contexts in other countries within sub-Saharan Africa, the estimates of problem gambling among in-school rural adolescents in Ghana are higher. Although further studies are needed to understand the nuances of the behaviour, the evidence of this study underscores the need for general and targeted health promotion, intervention and prevention efforts to mitigate the family, school, and interpersonal social adversities associated with adolescent problem gambling in rural Ghana.
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Azupogo, Fusta, Abdul-Razak Abizari, Elisabetta Aurino, Aulo Gelli, Saskia J. M. Osendarp, Hilde Bras, Edith J. Feskens, and Inge D. Brouwer. "Trends and Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Adolescent Girls in Ghana: A Secondary Analysis of the 2003-2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) Data." Public Health Nutrition, September 6, 2021, 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021003827.
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Abstract Objective: We examined the trends-over-time and the factors associated with malnutrition among adolescent girls in Ghana. Design: Cross-sectional analysis from 3 nationwide Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2003 (n=983), 2008 (n=955) and 2014 (n=857). We used Cox proportional hazard models with sample weighting to model the prevalence ratio (PR) of malnutrition. Setting: Countrywide, covering rural and urban areas in Ghana. Subjects: Non-pregnant adolescents girls aged 15-19 years. Results: Compared with 2003, thinness declined marginally [PR 0.88 95% C.I (0.45, 1.73)] in 2008 and in 2014 [PR 0.71 95% C.I (0.38, 1.56)]. Stunting declined marginally by 19% in 2008 [PR 0.81 95% C.I (0.59, 1.12)], flattening out in 2014 [PR 0.81 95% C.I (0.57, 1.17)]. We found an increasing trend of overweight/obesity with the PR peaking in 2014 [PR 1.39 95% C. I (1.02, 1.88)] compared to 2003. The anaemia prevalence remained severe without a clear trend. A low level of education of the adolescent girl was positively associated with stunting. Increasing age was positively associated with stunting but inversely associated with thinness and anaemia. Girls who ever bore a child were more likely to be anaemic compared to those who never did. A lower level of household wealth and a unit increase in household size were negatively associated with overweight/obesity. Urban dwelling girls were less likely to be stunted. Conclusion: The stagnant burden of undernutrition and rising overnutrition emphasise the need for double-duty actions to tackle malnutrition in all its forms in Ghanaian adolescent girls.
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Kojo Oduro, Joseph, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Francis Sambah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Eugene Budu, Francis Appiah, and Linus Baatiema. "Bride Price Payment and Justification of Sexual Violence Among Women in Ghana*These authors contributed equally to this work." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, October 16, 2020, 088626052096667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260520966678.
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Although insights on bride price and domestic violence have been explored in Ghana, very little is known about payment of bride price and the justification of sexual violence. We investigated the payment of bride price and justification of sexual violence among women ( N = 4,222) in Ghana, dwelling on the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Two binary logistic regression models were fitted. We adjusted for significant sociodemographic variables. The findings revealed that women whose partners had paid their bride price had higher odds [ OR = 1.54; CI = 1.174, 2.00] of justifying sexual violence, compared to those whose partners had not paid. We found that women with primary [AOR = 0.55; CI = 0.44–0.71] and secondary/higher [AOR = 0.47; CI = 0.36–0.60] levels of education had lower odds of accepting sexual violence. Women in the rich wealth quintile [AOR = 0.32; CI = 0.22, 0.46] had lower odds of justifying sexual violence. Our study has illustrated the need for women to appreciate that payment of bride price does not imply that their fundamental human rights have been bought by men, but they rather become partners. This information can form part of premarriage counselling and human rights initiatives by the Ministry of Gender and Social Protection. That is, the content of marriage counselling may be expanded to include issues on IPV, its implications, and legal consequences. Such information can develop personal realization and urge women to report any violent advances to the police and appropriate authorities for the required legal action to be taken. This may deter others to desist from violence perpetration against women. At the community level, chiefs and other leaders of high repute can be made anti-IPV ambassadors. The Ministry of Health and other nongovernmental anti-violence organizations can also collaborate to strengthen education on anti-sexual violence programs by using the mass media.
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Amoa-Bosompem, Michael, Daisuke Kobayashi, Kentaro Itokawa, Katsunori Murota, Astri Nur Faizah, Faustus Akankperiwen Azerigyik, Takaya Hayashi, et al. "Determining vector competence of Aedes aegypti from Ghana in transmitting dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2." Parasites & Vectors 14, no. 1 (April 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04728-z.
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Abstract Background Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, but is not endemic in all areas where this vector is found. For example, the relatively sparse distribution of cases in West Africa is generally attributed to the refractory nature of West African Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) to DENV infection, and particularly the forest-dwelling Ae. aegypti formosus. However, recent studies have shown these mosquitoes to be competent vectors within some West African countries that have suffered outbreaks in the past, such as Senegal. There is however little information on the vector competence of the Ae. aegypti in West African countries such as Ghana with no reported outbreaks. Methods This study examined the vector competence of 4 Ae. aegypti colonies from urban, semi-urban, and two rural locations in Ghana in transmitting DENV serotypes 1 and 2, using a single colony from Vietnam as control. Midgut infection and virus dissemination were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), while the presence and concentration of DENV in the saliva of infectious mosquitoes was determined by the focus forming assay. Results There were significant differences in the colonies’ susceptibility to virus infection, dissemination, and transmission. All examined Ghanaian mosquitoes were refractory to infection by DENV serotype 2, while some colonies exhibited potential to transmit DENV serotype 1. None of the tested colonies were as competent as the control group colony. Conclusions These findings give insight into the possible risk of outbreaks, particularly in the urban areas in the south of Ghana, and highlight the need for continuous surveillance to determine the transmission status and outbreak risk. This study also highlights the need to prevent importation of different DENV strains and potential invasion of new highly vector-competent Ae. aegypti strains, particularly around the ports of entry. Graphic Abstract
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Gyasi, Razak M., David R. Phillips, and Daniel Buor. "The Role of a Health Protection Scheme in Health Services Utilization Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons in Ghana." Journals of Gerontology: Series B, July 2, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby082.
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Dankwah, Emmanuel, Cindy Feng, Shelley Kirychuck, Wu Zeng, Rein Lepnurm, and Marwa Farag. "Assessing the contextual effect of community in the utilization of postnatal care services in Ghana." BMC Health Services Research 21, no. 1 (January 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-06028-1.
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Abstract Background Inequalities in the use of postnatal care services (PNC) in Ghana have been linked to poor maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This has ignited a genuine concern that PNC interventions with a focus on influencing solely individual-level risk factors do not achieve the desired results. This study aimed to examine the community-level effect on the utilization of postnatal care services. Specifically, the research explored clusters of non-utilization of PNC services as well as the effect of community-level factors on the utilization of PNC services, with the aim of informing equity-oriented policies and initiatives. Methods The 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey GDHS dataset was used in this study. Two statistical methods were used to analyze the data; spatial scan statistics were used to identify hotspots of non-use of PNC services and second two-level mixed logistic regression modeling was used to determine community-level factors associated with PNC services usage. Results This study found non-use of PNC services to be especially concentrated among communities in the Northern region of Ghana. Also, the analyses revealed that community poverty level, as well as community secondary or higher education level, were significantly associated with the utilization of PNC services, independent of individual-level factors. In fact, this study identified that a woman dwelling in a community with a higher concentration of poor women is less likely to utilize of PNC services than those living in communities with a lower concentration of poor women (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.44–0.81). Finally, 24.0% of the heterogeneity in PNC services utilization was attributable to unobserved community variability. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that community-level factors have an influence on women’s health-seeking behavior. Community-level factors should be taken into consideration for planning and resource allocation purposes to reduce maternal health inequities. Also, high-risk communities of non-use of obstetric services were identified in this study which highlights the need to formulate community-specific strategies that can substantially shift post-natal use in a direction leading to universal coverage.
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Asiamah, Nestor, Carl Petersen, Kyriakos Kouveliotis, and Richard Eduafo. "The Built Environment and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Partial and Absolute Sedentary Behaviours in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Accra, Ghana." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, November 3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10823-020-09417-5.
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Asiamah, Nestor, Edgar Ramos Vieira, Janvier Gasana, Andrew Kweku Conduah, and Richard Eduafo. "The moderating influences of social networks on the relationship between neighbourhood walkability and sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults in Accra, Ghana." Journal of Public Health, May 27, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01582-2.
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Busse, Clara E., Mark L. Wilson, Ashura Bakari, and Cheryl A. Moyer. "Self-reported medicinal plant use by Ghanaian women during pregnancy is associated with poor neonatal health." Journal of Public Health, March 30, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab033.
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ABSTRACT Background More than a third of pregnant women in Africa use medicinal plants (hereafter, ‘herbs’) during pregnancy, yet little is known about herb use among urban African women, or about the potential impact on newborns. Methods This cross-sectional study of 504 women giving birth at an urban government hospital in Kumasi, Ghana (May–July 2018) collected data via chart reviews and maternal interviews. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Results Of 380 singleton births with complete data, 102 mothers (26.84%) reported using herbs during pregnancy and/or delivery. Herb users and non-users did not differ significantly across a range of sociodemographic variables. Controlling for age, education, neonatal birthweight and household running water (socioeconomic status (SES) indicator), herb-using women were twice as likely to have their newborn admitted to the hospital (odds ratio (OR) = 2.05; confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.17, 3.60) and four times as likely to bear a child with a low Apgar score (OR = 4.09; CI 95% 1.66, 10.07) compared with non-users. Conclusion Urban-dwelling Ghanaian women from diverse backgrounds use herbs during pregnancy. Maternal herb use was associated with poor neonatal outcomes, regardless of the baby’s birthweight and mother’s age, education or SES, suggesting the importance of educating all women about the possible negative impacts of herb use during pregnancy and delivery.