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1
El Aggadi, Sanaa, Nidae Loudiyi, Aicha Chadil, Omar Cherkaoui, and Abderrahim El Hourch. "Electrochemical oxidation of textile azo dye reactive orange 16 on the Platinum electrode." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc10102001311108sea.
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This study focused mainly on the color removal of textile azo dye Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) by electrochemical oxidation. The effect of supporting electrolyte (H2SO4 and NaOH), RO16 concentration (from 0.5 to 10 mM) and potential scan rate (between 20 and 500 mV/s) was performed with cyclic voltammetry using platinum (Pt) wire as working electrode. The anodic peak current density was linear to RO16 concentrations. This allows the lowest concentrations to be determined voltammetrically in the two electrolytic media, acid (H2SO4 1 M) and alkaline (NaOH 0.1 M). Linearity between the current density and the square root of the potential scan rate was observed in both electrolytes. This means that the electrochemical reaction at the electrode-electrolyte interface is controlled by the diffusion process. The slope of the logarithm of peak current density versus the logarithm of potential scan rate was found to be 0.43 for RO16 in H2SO4 and 0.48 in NaOH these values of slop are close to the thеoretical value of 0.5 which confirms the diffusion process. The removal efficiency of the dye in acid electrolyte reached 40%, while it is 18% in the basic media after 4 hours of electrolysis by chronoamperometry.
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Mijin, Dusan, Marina Radulovic, Dragana Zlatic, and Petar Jovancic. "Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye C.I. reactive orange 16 in TiO2 water suspension by simulated solar light." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 13, no. 4 (2007): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0704179m.
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The photodegradation of C.I. Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), commonly used as a textile dye, was investigated using TiO2 as a catalyst and the sun lamp. The experiments showed that TiO2 and simulated solar light are necessary for the effective photodegradation, although a low degradation/adsorption was observed when only the simulated solar light or TiO2 was used. The effect of some parameters such as the initial concentration of the catalyst, the initial dye concentration, the initial Na2CO2 and NaCl concentrations, pH, and the presence of H2O2 on photodegradation of RO16 was examined. The photodegradation efficiency was highest at the catalyst concentration of 2.0 g/l. The degradation was faster in the acidic than in alkaline pH range. High adsorption of the dye was observed at low pH, while at high pH almost no adsorption was detected. A lower concentration of Na2CO2 decreased the photodegradation of RO16, while a higher concentration increased the photodegradation. The presence of NaCI led to the inhibition of the photodegradation process. The low concentration of H2P2 increased the RO16 photodegradation efficiency, while at higher concentration of H2O2 inhibition was observed.
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Obaid, Maytham Kadhim, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, and Intidhar Jabir Idan. "Removal of Reactive Orange 16 Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Modified Kenaf Core Fiber." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4262578.
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Evaluated removal of reactive orange 16 (RO16) dye from aqueous solution was studied in batch mode by using kenaf core fiber as low-cost adsorbents. In this attempt, kenaf core fiber with size 0.25–1 mm was treated by using (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHMAC) as quaternization agent. Then effective parameters include adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time and initial dye concentration on adsorption by modified kenaf core fiber was investigated. In addition, isotherms and kinetics adsorption studies were estimated for determination of the equilibrium adsorption capacity and reactions dynamics, respectively. Results showed that the best dose of MKCF was 0.1 g/100 mL, the maximum removal of RO16 was 97.25 at 30°C, pH = 6.5, and agitation speed was 150 rpm. The results also showed that the equilibrium data were represented by Freundlich isotherm with correlation coefficientsR2=0.9924, and the kinetic study followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with correlation coefficientsR2=0.9997forCo=100 mg/L. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity was 416.86 mg/g. Adsorption through kenaf was found to be very effective for the removal of the RO16 dye.
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Wang, Shoujuan, Fangong Kong, Pedram Fatehi, and Qingxi Hou. "Cationic High Molecular Weight Lignin Polymer: A Flocculant for the Removal of Anionic Azo-Dyes from Simulated Wastewater." Molecules 23, no. 8 (August 11, 2018): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082005.
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The presence of dyes in wastewater effluents made from the textile industry is a major environmental problem due to their complex structure and poor biodegradability. In this study, a cationic lignin polymer was synthesized via the free radical polymerization of lignin with [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC) and used to remove anionic azo-dyes (reactive black 5, RB5, and reactive orange 16, RO16) from simulated wastewater. The effects of pH, salt, and concentration of dyes, as well as the charge density and molecular weight of lignin-METAC polymer on dye removal were examined. Results demonstrated that lignin-METAC was an effective flocculant for the removal of dye via charge neutralization and bridging mechanisms. The dye removal efficiency of lignin-METAC polymer was independent of pH. The dosage of the lignin polymer required for reaching the maximum removal had a linear relationship with the dye concentration. The presence of inorganic salts including NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4 had a marginal effect on the dye removal. Under the optimized conditions, greater than 98% of RB5 and 94% of RO16 were removed at lignin-METAC concentrations of 120 mg/L and 105 mg/L in the dye solutions, respectively.
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Shah, Jehanzeb Ali, Tayyab Ashfaq Butt, Cyrus Raza Mirza, Ahson Jabbar Shaikh, Muhammad Saqib Khan, Muhammad Arshad, Nadia Riaz, et al. "Phosphoric Acid Activated Carbon from Melia azedarach Waste Sawdust for Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Orange 16: Equilibrium Modelling and Thermodynamic Analysis." Molecules 25, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092118.
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Waste wood biomass as precursor for manufacturing activated carbon (AC) can provide a solution to ever increasing global water quality concerns. In our current work, Melia azedarach derived phosphoric acid-treated AC (MA-AC400) was manufactured at a laboratory scale. This novel MA-AC400 was tested for RO16 dye removal performance as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature and initial dye concentration in a batch scale arrangement. MA-AC400 was characterized via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy. MA-AC400 is characterized as mesoporous with BET surface area of 293.13 m2 g−1 and average pore width of 20.33 Å. pHPZC and Boehm titration confirm the acidic surface charges with dominance of phenolic functional groups. The average DLS particle size of MA-AC400 was found in the narrow range of 0.12 to 0.30 µm and this polydispersity was confirmed with multiple excitation fluorescence wavelengths. MA-AC400 showed equilibrium adsorption efficiency of 97.8% for RO16 dye at its initial concentration of 30 mg L−1 and adsorbent dose of 1 g L−1. Thermodynamic study endorsed the spontaneous, favorable, irreversible and exothermic process for RO16 adsorption onto MA-AC400. Equilibrium adsorption data was better explained by Langmuir with high goodness of fit (R2, 0.9964) and this fitness was endorsed with lower error functions. The kinetics data was found well fitted to pseudo-second order (PSO), and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models. Increasing diffusion constant values confirm the intraparticle diffusion at higher RO16 initial concentration and reverse was true for PSO chemisorption kinetics. MA-AC400 exhibited low desorption with studied eluents and its cost was calculated to be $8.36/kg.
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Shah, Jehanzeb A., Tayyab Ashfaq, Muhammad S. Khan, Nadia Riaz, Khizar H. Shah, Muhammad Arshad, Sajid H. Shah, et al. "Melia azedarach Activated Carbon and its novel TiO2 Nanocomposite for Chemisorption and Photodecoloration of Reactive Orange 16: Isotherm and Kinetic Modeling." Current Analytical Chemistry 17, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411016999200715162006.
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Background: Bulk generated textile wastewater loaded with dyes is posing a stern threat to aquatic health, especially when dumped without prior treatment. Lignocellulosic waste based activated carbon (AC) and Titania (TiO2) suspension can constitute the emerging technological solution. Objectives: Best lignocellulosic precursor biomass, Melia azedarach (Darek sawdust - DSD), was selected for ortho-phosphoric acid impregnated AC production and novel AC-DSD-TiO2 nanocomposite was developed. AC-DSD and AC-DSD-TiO2 nanocomposites were employed for reactive orange 16 (RO16) dye adsorption in batch and decoloration in photocatalytic reactors, respectively. Methods: Materials were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For AC-DSD production, the raw powdered biomass of DSD impregnated (value = 2) with H3PO4 at room temperature and after shaking, was placed in a muffle furnace at 100°C for 12 h in glass tubes and subsequently carbonized at a high temperature of 400°C for 30 min. Batch reactor parameters for the ACDSD- RO16 system were optimized as a function of contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature, initial dye concentration and pH. For AC-DSD-TiO2 nanocomposite synthesis, AC-DSD and TiO2 paste was dried in the furnace at 90°C and calcined at 300°C and stored in a desiccator. Results: AC-DSD exhibited RO16 adsorption capacity of 92.84 mg/g. The experimental data were best described by Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms with high R2 of 0.9995 and 0.9895 and closeness of predicted adsorption capacities of 94.15 and 88.58 mg/g respectively. This determines the chemisorption nature for RO16 adsorption onto AC-DSD. The experimental data was well explained by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters also suggest the endothermic, chemisorption and spontaneous adsorption reaction. Photocatalytic studies of novel AC-DSD-TiO2 revealed the higher Kc = 0.1833 value over Kad= 0.0572. Conclusions: Melia azedarach AC-DSD and its novel AC-DSD-TiO2 nanocomposite prove that these materials could provide an optimal solution for treating textile dye solutions effectively as the good adsorbent and photocatalyst.
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Puasa, S. W., M. S. Ruzitah, and A. S. A. K. Sharifah. "Simplified Colorimetric Method Using Reactive Orange 16 for Analysis of Cationic Surfactant." Advanced Materials Research 701 (May 2013): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.342.
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The concentration of surfactant is usually determined by a colorimetric method. A simplified colorimetric method for determining cationic surfactant was proposed which has advantages over the existing colorimetric method where less chemical is used and the overall time to perform the analysis per sample is reduced by half. These methods were tested based on analyzing the ionic interaction of cationic surfactant-reactive orange 16 (PBE-RO16) mixtures. A linear correlation was observed between the absorbance ratio of PBE-RO16 mixture/dye and PBE concentration. Results obtained from this study shows that the error between the two methods is only about ±20% except for PBE concentration less than 20 mg/L. Therefore, the proposed simplified colorimetric method can be considered as an alternative method for determination of cationic surfactant in aqueous solution in the future.
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Gunasegaran, Manassvinee, Suganthi Ravi, and Noor Fazliani Shoparwe. "Kinetic Studies of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution using PIMs." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1529 (May 2020): 052003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1529/5/052003.
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Mitrovic, Jelena, Miljana Radovic, Danijela Bojic, Tatjana Andjelkovic, Milovan Purenovic, and Aleksandar Bojic. "Decolorization of textile azo dye reactive orange 16 with UV/H2O2 process." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 4 (2012): 465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110216187m.
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The photochemical decolorization of C.I. Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), a reactive textile azo dye by the UV/H2O2 process using a batch photoreactor with UV lamps emitting at 253.7 nm, was studied. Complete decolorization of 50.0 mg dm-3 initial dye concentration was achieved in less than 6 min under optimal conditions (25 mM initial peroxide concentration, at pH 7.0 and with UV light intensity 1950 ?W cm-2). The effect of experimental variables, such as initial pH, initial concentration of H2O2, initial dye concentration, and the intensity of UV light was studied. The highest decolorization rates were performed at peroxide concentration in range from 20 mM up to 40 mM, above which decolorization was inhibited by a scavenging effect of peroxide. The decolorization was more efficient in neutral pHs. The efficiency of the process was improved in lower initial dye concentration and at higher intensity of UV light.
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Simovic, Bojana, Dejan Poleti, Aleksandar Golubovic, Aleksandar Matkovic, Maja Scepanovic, Biljana Babic, and Goran Brankovic. "Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of RO16 dye using Ag modified ZnO nanopowders prepared by the solvothermal method." Processing and Application of Ceramics 11, no. 1 (2017): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1701027s.
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In this work, Zn(CH3COO)2 ? 2H2O with AgNO3 content from 0 to 6mol% was solvothermally treated at 120?C for 18 h in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), ethylene glycol and sodium hydroxide. The structural, microstructural and photocatalytic properties of the unmodified and Ag modified ZnO powders have been investigated by the XRPD, FESEM, TEM, UV-vis, Raman and BET techniques. The Ag modified samples consist of ZnO nanocrystals and metallic Ag on the surface. The average crystallite size of all samples was about 20 nm. The FESEM revealed the uniformity in size and approximately spherical shape of ZnO nanoparticles. The BET data suggest that all prepared samples are mesoporous. All prepared samples showed higher photocatalytic efficiency in the degradation of the Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) azo dye than the commercial ZnO. In addition, Ag modified ZnO powders, especially those with 1.5 and 0.75mol%of Ag, were more efficient than the unmodified one.
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Simovic, Bojana, Aleksandar Golubovic, Ivana Veljkovic, Dejan Poleti, Jelena Zdravkovic, Dusan Mijin, and Andjelika Bjelajac. "Hydro- and solvothermally-prepared ZnO and its catalytic effect on photodegradation of reactive orange 16 dye." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, no. 11 (2014): 1433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc140520077s.
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In this work, zinc oxide powders were obtained by two different techniques: hydro- and solvothermal synthesis starting from Zn(NO3)2 and Zn(CH3COO)2, respectively. The influence of synthetic procedure on the structural, microstructural, thermal and photocatalytic properties of the prepared ZnO powders was investigated. Both ZnO samples were further annealed at moderate conditions (300?C) to avoid grain growth and to remove traces of impurities. In all four cases a single-phase hexagonal ZnO was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction. The morphology of prepared ZnO powders was different and it varied from rounded nanograins to microrods. All prepared samples showed higher photocatalytic efficiency in degradation of textile azo-dye Reactive Orange 16(RO16) than the commercial ZnO. In addition, the non-annealed samples had better photocatalytic properties than the commercial Degussa P25 TiO2 powder.
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Migliorini, Fernanda Lanzoni, Marcela Alegre, Suellen Alves, Maurício Baldan, Marcos Lanza, and Neidenei Ferreira. "Optimization of a promising technology to degrade the persistent azo-dye (RO16) using boron doped diamond electrodes." Revista Brasileira de Aplicações de Vácuo 33, no. 1-2 (October 23, 2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17563/rbav.v33i1-2.977.
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Yildiz, Tuba, H. Cengiz Yatmaz, and Koray Öztürk. "Anatase TiO2 powder immobilized on reticulated Al2O3 ceramics as a photocatalyst for degradation of RO16 azo dye." Ceramics International 46, no. 7 (May 2020): 8651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.12.098.
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Bedekar, Priyanka A., Rijuta G. Saratale, Ganesh D. Saratale, and Sanjay P. Govindwar. "Oxidative stress response in dye degrading bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. RGS exposed to Reactive Orange 16, degradation of RO16 and evaluation of toxicity." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21, no. 18 (June 4, 2014): 11075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3041-2.
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Denpetnong, Suchada, Uraiwan Sirimahachai, Pongsaton Amornpitoksuk, and Sumpun Wongnawa. "One-pot synthesis of magnetically separable Bi/Fe oxide-based composites for effective photocatalytic removal of BPA and RO16 dye under 35W Xe-lamp." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 98, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-021-05505-1.
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Castillo-Cervantes, Jazmin N., Diana R. Gómora-Herrera, J. Navarrete-Bolaños, Natalya V. Likhanova, Octavio Olivares-Xometl, and Irina V. Lijanova. "A complete in-situ analysis of UV–vis and 2D-FTIR spectra of the molecular interaction between RO16 (azo dye) and synthesized ammonium-based ionic liquids." Separation and Purification Technology 254 (January 2021): 117652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117652.
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Cervantes, F. J., J. E. Enriquez, M. R. Mendoza-Hernandez, E. Razo-Flores, and J. A. Field. "The role of sulphate reduction on the reductive decolorization of the azo dye reactive orange 14." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 2 (July 1, 2006): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.501.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a broad range of sulphate concentrations (0–10 g SO4−2 L−1) on the reduction of an azo dye (reactive orange 14 (RO14)) by an anaerobic sludge. An increase in the sulphate concentration generally stimulated the reduction of RO14 by sludge incubations supplemented with glucose, acetate or propionate as electron donor. Sulphate and azo dye reductions took place simultaneously in all incubations. However, there was a decrease on the rate of decolorization when sulphate was supplied at 10 g SO4−2 L−1. Abiotic incubations at different sulphide concentrations (0–2.5 g sulphide L−1) promoted very poor reduction of RO14. However, addition of riboflavin (20 μM), as a redox mediator, accelerated the reduction of RO14 up to 44-fold compared to a control lacking the catalyst. Our results indicate that sulphate-reduction may significantly contribute to the reduction of azo dyes both by biological mechanisms and by abiotic reductions implicating sulphide as an electron donor. The contribution of abiotic decolorization by sulphide, however, was only significant when a proper redox mediator was included. Our results also revealed that sulphate-reduction can out-compete with azo reduction at high sulphate concentrations leading to a poor decolorising performance when no sufficient reducing capacity is available.
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McCloskey, Diana T., Sally Turcato, Guan-Ying Wang, Lynne Turnbull, Bo-Qing Zhu, Thomas Bambino, Anita P. Nguyen, et al. "Expression of a Gi-coupled receptor in the heart causes impaired Ca2+ handling, myofilament injury, and dilated cardiomyopathy." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294, no. 1 (January 2008): H205—H212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00829.2007.
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Increased signaling by Gi-coupled receptors has been implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy. To investigate the mechanisms, we used transgenic mice that develop dilated cardiomyopathy after conditional expression of a cardiac-targeted Gi-coupled receptor (Ro1). Activation of Gi signaling by the Ro1 agonist spiradoline caused decreased cellular cAMP levels and bradycardia in Langendorff-perfused hearts. However, acute termination of Ro1 signaling with the antagonist nor-binaltorphimine did not reverse the Ro1-induced contractile dysfunction, indicating that Ro1 cardiomyopathy was not due to acute effects of receptor signaling. Early after initiation of Ro1 expression, there was a 40% reduction in the abundance of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase ( P < 0.05); thereafter, there was progressive impairment of both Ca2+ handling and force development assessed with ventricular trabeculae. Six weeks after initiation of Ro1 expression, systolic Ca2+ concentration was reduced to 0.61 ± 0.08 vs. 0.91 ± 0.07 μM for control ( n = 6–8; P < 0.05), diastolic Ca2+ concentration was elevated to 0.41 ± 0.07 vs. 0.23 ± 0.06 μM for control ( n = 6–8; P < 0.01), and the decline phase of the Ca2+ transient (time from peak to 50% decline) was slowed to 0.25 ± 0.02 s vs. 0.13 ± 0.02 s for control ( n = 6–8; P < 0.01). Early after initiation of Ro1 expression, there was a ninefold elevation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( P < 0.01), which is known to cause myofilament injury. Consistent with this, 6 wk after initiation of Ro1 expression, Ca2+-saturated myofilament force in skinned trabeculae was reduced to 21 ± 2 vs. 38 ± 0.1 mN/mm2 for controls ( n = 3; P < 0.01). Furthermore, electron micrographs revealed extensive myofilament damage. These findings may have implications for some forms of human heart failure in which increased activity of Gi-coupled receptors leads to impaired Ca2+ handling and myofilament injury, contributing to impaired ventricular pump function and heart failure.
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Peng, J., M. Bencsik, A. Louie, W. Lu, S. Millard, P. Nguyen, A. Burghardt, et al. "Conditional Expression of a Gi-Coupled Receptor in Osteoblasts Results in Trabecular Osteopenia." Endocrinology 149, no. 3 (November 29, 2007): 1329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0235.
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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) coupled to activation of Gs, such as the PTH1 receptor (PTH1R), have long been known to regulate skeletal function and homeostasis. However, the role of GPCRs coupled to other G proteins such as Gi is not well established. We used the tet-off system to regulate the expression of an activated Gi-coupled GPCR (Ro1) in osteoblasts in vivo. Skeletal phenotypes were assessed in mice expressing Ro1 from conception, from late stages of embryogenesis, and after weaning. Long bones were assessed histologically and by microcomputed tomography. Expression of Ro1 from conception resulted in neonatal lethality that was associated with reduced bone mineralization. Expression of Ro1 starting at late embryogenesis resulted in a severe trabecular bone deficit at 12 wk of age (>51% reduction in trabecular bone volume fraction in the proximal tibia compared with sex-matched control littermates; n = 11; P < 0.01). Ro1 expression for 8 wk beginning at 4 wk of age resulted in a more than 20% reduction in trabecular bone volume fraction compared with sex-matched control littermates (n = 16; P < 0.01). Bone histomorphometry revealed that Ro1 expression is associated with reduced rates of bone formation and mineral apposition without a significant change in osteoblast or osteoclast surface. Our results indicate that signaling by a Gi-coupled GPCR in osteoblasts leads to osteopenia resulting from a reduction in trabecular bone formation. The severity of the phenotype is related to the timing and duration of Ro1 expression during growth and development. The skeletal phenotype in Ro1 mice bears some similarity to that produced by knockout of Gs-α expression in osteoblasts and thus may be due at least in part to Gi-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.
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Badiozamani, Kas Ray, Kent Wallner, Steven Sutlief, William Ellis, John Blasko, and Kenneth Russell. "Anticipating prostatic volume changes due to prostate brachytherapy." Radiation Oncology Investigations 7, no. 6 (1999): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6823(1999)7:6<360::aid-roi6>3.0.co;2-d.
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Steinbach, P. "Sämlingsselektion auf Virus- und Nematodenresistenz beiSolanum tuberosum L. 3. Selektion von Kartoffelsämlingen auf die Merkmalskombination ‘extreme Y-Virus- und Pathotyp Ro1-Resistenz des Gelben Kartoffelnematoden’." Potato Research 38, no. 4 (December 1995): 419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02357748.
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Shesteperov and Volodin. "EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE OF POTATO VARIETIES OF FOREIGN SELECTION TO GLOBODERA." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.509-513.
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Under the vegetation experiment, two susceptible potato varieties (Sineglazka, Udacha) and 11 varieties of foreign selection were grown in the soil infected with golden potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) (more than 4 thousand eggs and larvae of Globodera rostochiensis per a 800 cubic cm vessel). On the 70th day after the emergence of seed potatoes on the surface of the ball of soil, 53 white and yellow Globodera rostochiensis females were found on the roots of the susceptible Sineglazka variety, and 17 females were found on the ball of soil of the standard Udacha variety, which may be explained by weak development of the root system due to rotten tubers. As a result of foreign potato varieties evaluated for resistance to Globodera rostochiensis, it was found that all tested potato varieties Riviera, Excellence, Bellarosa, Rocco, Arizona, Evolution, Impala, Picasso, Arrow, Veneta and Coletta were resistant to the Vladimir population of the golden potato nematode Globodera rostochiensis of the pathotype Ro1. One to three Globodera rostochiensis females were found on the roots of varieties Excellence, Bellarosa, Rocco, Arizona, Impala, Veneta and Coletta. Six females of Globodera rostochiensis were identified in the Arrow variety. Females were not found on the roots of varieties Riviera, Evolution and Picasso.
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Pomponi, F., R. Cariati, P. Zancai, P. De Paoli, S. Rizzo, RM Tedeschi, B. Pivetta, S. De Vita, M. Boiocchi, and R. Dolcetti. "Retinoids irreversibly inhibit in vitro growth of Epstein-Barr virus- immortalized B lymphocytes." Blood 88, no. 8 (October 15, 1996): 3147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.8.3147.bloodjournal8883147.
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Natural and synthetic retinoids have proved to be effective in the treatment and prevention of various human cancers. In the present study, we investigated the effect of retinoids on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), since these cells closely resemble those that give rise to EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders in the immunosuppressed host. All six compounds tested inhibited LCL proliferation with no significant direct cytotoxicity, but 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA), 13-cis-RA, and all-trans-RA (ATRA) were markedly more efficacious than Ro40–8757, Ro13–6298, and etretinate. The antiproliferative action of the three most effective compounds was confirmed in a large panel of LCLs, thus appearing as a generalized phenomenon in these cells. LCL growth was irreversibly inhibited even after 2 days of treatment at drug concentrations corresponding to therapeutically achievable plasma levels. Retinoid-treated cells showed a marked downregulation of CD71 and a decreased S-phase compartment with a parallel accumulation in Gzero/ G1 phases. These cell cycle perturbations were associated with the upregulation of p27 Kip1, a nuclear protein that controls entrance and progression through the cell cycle by inhibiting several cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. Unlike what is observed in other systems, the antiproliferative effect exerted by retinoids on LCLs was not due to the acquisition of a terminally differentiated status. In fact, retinoid-induced modifications of cell morphology, phenotype (downregulation of CD19, HLA-DR, and s-Ig, and increased expression of CD38 and c-Ig), and IgM production were late events, highly heterogeneous, and often slightly relevant, being therefore only partially indicative of a drug-related differentiative process. Moreover, EBV-encoded EBV nuclear antigen-2 and latent membrane protein-1 proteins were inconstantly downregulated by retinoids, indicating that their growth-inhibitory effect is not mediated by a direct modulation of viral latent antigen expression. The strong antiproliferative activity exerted by retinoids in our experimental model indicates that these compounds may represent a useful tool in the medical management of EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders of immunosuppressed patients.
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Pal, A., M. A. Akey, R. Chatterjee, A. P. Aguila, F. Martinez, R. Aysola, and P. M. Macey. "0556 Sex-Specific Relationship Between Anxiety and Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.553.
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Abstract Introduction Cardiovascular co-morbidities in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are hard to treat, perhaps due to autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. In OSA, intermittent hypoxia and poor tissue oxygen perfusion damage endothelial and nervous tissue, potentially underlying the dysfunction. Moreover, OSA is strongly associated with anxiety, which is independently associated with ANS dysfunction. We assessed sex-specific relationships between anxiety and cardiovascular markers of ANS dysfunction in OSA. Methods We studied people diagnosed with OSA and healthy controls. We collected 5 minutes of wakeful resting ECG, continuous non-invasive blood pressure, and respiration data. We calculated heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV; sympathetic-vagal balance related to brainstem ANS output), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), beat-to-beat MAP variability (BPV; related to peripheral autonomic function) and breathing rate (BR). We analyzed these measures with a multivariate regression model of anxiety symptoms (generalized anxiety disorder; GAD-7 scores), sex, and group (OSA vs. control), age/BMI/AHI covariates, and Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc comparisons (p≤0.05). Results We analyzed 64 subjects (32 OSA: AHI [mean±SEM] 24±4events/hour, 12 female, age 52±21years, BMI 33±2kg/m2; 32 control: 19 female, age 46±2; BMI 26±1). We observed significant main effects of anxiety, BMI, AHI, sex on HRV, but only group on BPV; post-hoc comparisons revealed high BPV only in OSA females. Secondary analyses included classifying by anxiety symptoms (GAD-7≥5), showing only OSA females with anxiety had higher BPV. Males showed higher HRV. AHI and anxiety were positively correlated with HRV in OSA males. AHI was negatively correlated with BR in OSA females. Conclusion We observed higher anxiety associated with higher BPV in OSA, especially in females. Unexpectedly, BR was lower in OSA females; longer breaths may have led to the greater BPV. Higher HRV in males complicated by OSA severity and anxiety could be related to higher sympathetic tone. The slightly older control group may have influenced the findings. Overall, our findings suggest anxiety in OSA is associated with peripheral and centrally-mediated autonomic dysfunction, but in a sex-specific manner. Support National Institutes of Health R56-NR-017435 and RO1-HL-135562.
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Harmon, Caroline, Daiyong Deng, and Paul Breslin. "The Bidirectional Modulatory Effects of Ribonucleotides on Glutamate Detection Thresholds." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab041_013.
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Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the effect of 5’-ribonucleotides on the absolute detection threshold of L-glutamate. We hypothesized that the addition of these and other ribonucleotides would decrease the absolute detection threshold of L-glutamic acid potassium salt (MPG) when in admixture; thus, sensitivity to glutamate would be increased in their presence. Methods The absolute detection thresholds of MPG were measured in 17 healthy volunteers and compared to the detection threshold for MPG in the presence of a background level of 5’ ribonucleotide guanosine-, inosine-, adenosine-, uridine-, or cytosine-monophosphate disodium salt (3 mM). Results The average detection threshold of MPG was 1.90 × 10−03 M. We found the additions of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP), and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), lowered the MPG detection threshold for every subject and were statistically significant (p < 0.001), suggesting they are positive modulators of glutamate taste. IMP was the most robust enhancer of MPG detection and decreased the detection threshold by a factor of 41.4 to a concentration 4.60 × 10−05 M. GMP and AMP decreased the detection threshold of glutamate by a factor of 27.3 and 8.2, respectively. UMP and CMP, however, yielded different results. Interestingly, CMP raised glutamate detection thresholds in 60% of subjects, suggesting it is an inhibitor or negative modulator of glutamate taste in humans. The addition of UMP to the MPG solution produced mixed results and did not significantly modulate the detection of MPG. The rank order of effects on increasing sensitivity to glutamate was IMP > GMP > AMP, whereas CMP appeared to decrease sensitivity to glutamate. Conclusions Ribonucleotides are modulators of the detection threshold of glutamate.Some, such as IMP, are enhancers of glutamate taste, and others, such as CMP, appear to be suppressors of glutamate taste. This may be due to positive and negative allosteric modulation, respectively, of the T1R1/T1R3 glutamate receptor in the oral cavity. Funding Sources P.A.S.B. was funded by by NIH NIDCD RO1 014286 as Co-PI and NJ Hatch Project No.NJ14120.
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Shi, Jumei, Jun Hou, Yi Tao, Xiuqin Meng, Ying Han, Maurizio Zangari, Guido J. Tricot, and Fenghuang Zhan. "TRAIL as the ATO-Target Gene Uniquely Activated In the Hyperdiploid Subtype of Myeloma with Prognostic Relevance, Resulting In Better Prognosis." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1904.1904.
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Abstract Abstract 1904 Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a well-known inhibitor of cell proliferation in certain forms of malignancy and has been successfully used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Preclinical and clinical studies showed that ATO has anti-myeloma effects both as a single agent and in the combination therapy; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of ATO-induced myeloma apoptosis were explored on four myeloma cell lines OPM2, U266, RPMI8226, and KMS28PE of wild type or mutant p53 status and six primary myeloma cells. Gene expression profiling (GEP) of CD138+ bone marrow plasma cells from 22 healthy individuals (NPC), 44 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 351 newly diagnosed MM patients were published previously (Zhan et al. Blood. 2006;108:2020-8. Shaughnessy et al. Blood. 2007;109:2276-84.); and GEP from 9 myeloma cell lines were used in this study from the unpublished data of the University of Utah. Cell growth and viability were assayed by trypan blue dye exclusion. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry using CellQuest software and Vybrant Apoptosis Assay Kit. Alterations of the signaling pathways induced by ATO were tested by real-time PCR and western blot. GEP was performed by using the Affymetrix U133Plus2.0 microarray. ATO induced potent inhibition of myeloma cell growth and myeloma cell apoptosis, compared with controls. Further investigation showed that ATO down-regulated c-Myc and phosphorylated (p)-Rb while up-regulating p53, p21Cip1, and p27Kip1 proteins, resulting in G0/G1 or G2/M cell cycle arrest. ATO treatment increased mRNA levels of interferon regulatory factor-1 and TRAIL, as well as protein levels of caspase 8 and cleaved caspase 3, indicating involvement of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in the mutated p53 myeloma cells. ATO also activated caspases 3 and 9, indicating involvement of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the wild type p53 myeloma cells. The usage of ATO and TRAIL agonist together has a synergistic effect, indicated by a combination index of less than 1. More importantly, these molecular changes induced by ATO-treated myeloma cells are very similar to the baseline expression pattern of hyperdiploid myeloma, which has a relative good prognosis with high expression of TRAIL and interferon related genes. Together, our data suggest that ATO induces apoptosis in MM through either extrinsic or intrinsic signaling pathway depending on the p53 genetic background. These observations may be employed as prognostic tools and lead to novel therapies in primary myelomas. Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (30973450 to JS), start-up funds from Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital (JS), institutional start-up funds from the University of Utah School of Medicine and the Huntsman Cancer Institute (FZ), the National Institutes of Health grant RO1 (CA115399 to GT, FZ) and Senior Award from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (FZ). Disclosures: Zhan: University of Utah: Employment, patent Submission.
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Macleod, Kay F. "Apoptosis and the DNA Damage Response: The Role of the RB Tumor Suppressor Pathway in Oxidative Stress Responses in the Hematopoietic System." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): SCI—15—SCI—15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.sci-15.sci-15.
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Abstract Abstract SCI-15 Exposure to pro-oxidants and defects in repair of oxidative base damage is associated with disease and aging and also contributes to the development of anemia, bone marrow failure and hematopoietic malignancies. Our work examines the role of the RB tumor suppressor pathway in the response of the hematopoietic system to oxidative stress and DNA damage. Evidence from mouse models has identified a role for the Rb protein (pRb) in the regulation of hematopoiesis through cell intrinsic functions in blood cell types but also through effects on the bone marrow microenvironment (Spike et al, 2004; Walkley et al, 2007; Daria et al, 2008). Such models have also demonstrated that pRb is required under stress conditions but not under conditions of steady state hematopoiesis (Spike et al, 2004; Spike et al, 2007; Daria et al, 2008). In particular, pRb was required to modulate the response of the hematopoietic system to replicative stress and hypoxia (Spike et al, 2007; Daria et al, 2008). To explain the mechanisms underlying these unique properties of pRb in hematopoiesis, we hypothesized that pRb protein levels are regulated by oxidative stress, including hypoxia and ROS generated as a consequence of stem cell location in the bone marrow niche or in response to replicative stress induced by agents such as 5-fluorouracil. Notably, hypoxia within the bone marrow niche has been reported to promote stem cell expansion and we postulated that this may be due to reduced pRb protein levels in response to hypoxia. We present evidence that pRb protein levels are regulated in wild-type bone marrow in response to replicative stress and that this in turn modulates expansion of stem cells and myeloid progenitors and also impacts end-stage differentiation in the erythroid lineage. Acetylation of pRb stabilized the protein in an active conformation while de-acetylation de-stabilized the protein and promoted pRb protein turnover and increased progenitor cell proliferation. We will present on-going studies that examine how hypoxia and/or ROS affects hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation in vivo as a function of pRb protein levels using conditional mouse models. The significance of our findings for bone marrow failure in human patients will be discussed. References Spike, B.T. et al. The Rb tumor suppressor is required for stress erythropoiesis. The EMBO J. 2004: 23, 4319-29. Spike, B.T., Dibling, B.C. & Macleod, K.F. Hypoxic stress underlies defects in erythroblast island formation in the Rb null mouse. Blood 2007; 110, 2173-81. Walkley, C.R., Shea, J.M., Sims, N.A., Purton, L.E. & Orkin, S.H. Rb regulates interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and their bone marrow microenvironment. Cell 2007; 129, 1081-95. Daria, D. et al. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor is a critical intrinsic regulator for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells under stress. Blood 2008; 111, 1894-902. Funding: The author is grateful to the J.P. McCarthy Foundation, the Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation and the National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (RO1 HL080262) for funding of work in her laboratory relating to oxidative stress, erythropoiesis and hematopoietic diseases. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Yalçinkaya, Y., B. Artim-Esen, S. Amikishiyev, N. Aliyeva, A. Gul, L. Ocal, and M. Inanc. "SAT0346 THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RITUXIMAB IN 27 CASES OF TREATMENT RESISTANT SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS WITH SEVERE DISEASE ASSESSED BY ACTIVITY SCORES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1119.2–1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6053.
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Background:Treatment options for systemic sclerosis (SSc) remain limited especially in severe skin, lung and musculoskeletal involvements. B-cell targeted therapy with anti-CD20 Rituximab (RTX), is widely available, reports from case series are encouraging as a a rescue therapy and might have an improving effect on organ involvement in SSc.Objectives:We aimed to retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) courses in patients with severe systemic sclerosis who were refractory to standard immunosuppressive treatment.Methods:Twenty-seven SSc patients fulfilling ACR/EULAR classification criteria (2013) who received RTX treatment due to acive disease despite treatment with immunosuppresives were analyzed. Disease activity was evaluated by using EScSG/EUSTAR activity scores prior to and after RTX treatment. Disease severity was also assessed at baseline by Medsger’s index.Results:The demographics and characteristics of SSc patients were as follows: the median age of 50 (30-70), duration of Raynaud’s 10 (3-26) and non-Raynaud symptom 8.5 (3-18) years and summarised in table 1. RTX was given as a single cycle (2 infusions of 1000 mg) in 12 cases, 2 cyles in 5 cases, ≥3 cyles in 10 cases. DMARDs were prescribed in 19 (73%) patients (14 MMF, 5 MTX) concomitantly with RTX. The main RTX indications were skin and lung involvement (n=9), skin and arthritis (n=6), skin(n=5), lung (n=3), myositis (n=2), cardiac involvement (n=1) and digital vasculopathy (n=1). Medsger severity score was 7.39±3.091(3-13) at baseline.Table 1.Prevelance of Characteristics of SSc Patientsn(%)female/male25 /2diffuse/limited cutaneous SSc22 (81.5) / 5 (19,2)Clinical Characteristicssynovitis / flexion contractures12(44,4) / 10 (37,1)tendon friction rubs / myositis7 (26,9) / 4 (15,4)renal crisis1 (3,8)GI involvement19 (69,2)lung involvement16 (61,5)SerologyANA23 (85,2)Anti-Scl70 / Anti-sentromer16(61,5) / 1(3,8)Anti-Ro6 (22,2)Previous ImmunosuppressivesCYC / MMFAZA / MTX Low dose steroids19 (73,1) / 19 (73,1) 12 (46,2) / 16 (61,5) 27 (100)Disease activity and severity scores prior to and after RTX were summarised table 2. Disease activity scores were improved after RTX in patients who had a median follow-up period of 1 year (0,5-5 years). After RTX treatment, according to EscSG /EUSTAR scores 13 (%46.2) and 10 (%34.6) patients out of 26 were assessed as inactive.Table 2.Disease activity scores prior to and after RTX treatmentPrior to RTX (n=26)After RTX (n=18)median Δ Change (n=18)EscSG activity score4,89±1,82 (2,0-9,0)2,37±1,10 (0,50-4,50)-2,00 (P<0,001)EUSTAR activity score4,57±2,68(1,0-10,0)2,30±2,15 (0,0-7,25)-2,00 (P=0,002)There were severe infecions in 4 patients (Pneumonia in 2, infected digital ulcers in 2) and an episode of sinusitis in one during treatment period. One patient was deceased because of pneumonia and sepsis after the first cycle of RTX.Conclusion:In our SSc cohort, RTX treatment was used in severe patients, who had predominantly diffuse cutaneous disease with lung and joint involvements, severe vasculopathy and anti-Scl-70 positivity. Concomitant DMARDs were used in three-forth of the patients in addition to RTX cycles. Disease activity scores that assessed retrospectively were shown to be improved after RTX and 37-48% of the cases were assessed as inactive by using activity scores. Serious infections like pneumonia and infected digital ulcers were observed in 14,8% of cases during the follow-up. The addition of RTX treatment can be effective in selected patients with active disease despite immunosuppressive therapy.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Schecter, Jordan M., Kristen Kipps, Amy O'Sullivan, Kent A. Griffith, Daniel Normolle, Markus Mapara, Robert Redner, and Suzanne Lentzsch. "Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone Alone Is Equivalent To Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone With Autologous Stem Cell Transplant In Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Interim Study Results Of a Randomized Trial." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3180.3180.
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Abstract The current standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) aged less than 65 years is high-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) based on improved progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with conventional chemotherapy. The introduction of novel agents, for example lenalidomide and bortezomib over the last decade, has substantially improved MM outcomes providing similar response rates to ASCT. As a consequence, the role of upfront ASCT has become more controversial. Therefore, this randomized clinical trial aims to determine the role of upfront ASCT in patients with newly diagnosed MM patients receiving lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone as induction therapy. Patients enrolled into the study were aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed MM, transplant eligible, and meeting CRAB criteria. Patients were randomized to receive 4 cycles of lenalidomide (25 mg days 1–21) plus low-dose dexamethasone (40 mg days 1, 8, 15, 22) followed by ASCT conditioned with 200 mg/m2 melphalan (Arm A; LD+ASCT) or 8 cycles of lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone (Arm B; LD alone). Both groups received lenalidomide maintenance therapy 10-15 mg for up to 2 years. Patients in both treatment arms received stem cell collection after 4 cycles of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone if at least a partial response was achieved. Patients with stable disease or progressive disease (PD) went off study. The primary objective was to compare the best response between patients treated with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone followed by ASCT and patients treated with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone alone. Secondary objectives were to compare the duration of response (DOR), PFS, and OS between the two treatment arms and to evaluate the secondary malignancies in both arms. Fifty patients with newly diagnosed MM were randomized between February 2008 and May 2013, and 47 patients were eligible for evaluation in this interim analysis; 25 patients randomized to Arm A (LD+ASCT) and 22 patients randomized to Arm B (LD alone). Overall, patients had a median age of 61.6 years (range 48–75), 60% were male, 34% ISS Stage I, 49% ISS Stage II, 17% ISS Stage III. The data were analyzed according to the IMWG response criteria (Blood. 2011 May 5;117(18):4691-5). In an intention-to-treat analysis, there was a trend towards improved overall response rate (ORR) in patients receiving LD+ASCT (96%) compared with patients receiving LD alone (77%; p=0.08) (Table 1). After a median follow-up of 36.8 months (range 1.1–62.7), the median DOR was 13.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.0–34.1) in the LD+ASCT group compared with 21.2 months (95% CI 11.0–22.9) in the LD group. Overall, 18 patients have PD (10 patients in the LD+ASCT arm and 8 patients in LD arm), and 8 patients have died (4 patents in the LD+ASCT arm and 4 patients in the LD arm). Median PFS for LD+ASCT versus LD was 17.0 months (95% CI 15.5–not estimable) versus 25.2 months (95% CI 9.0–not estimable; p=0.94). Median OS for LD+ASCT versus LD was 57.6 months (95% CI 48.0–not estimable) versus not reached (p=0.94). Two patients in the LD alone arm developed a secondary malignancy, including 1 patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) 13 months after the start of therapy. This interim analysis of an ongoing randomized clinical study comparing lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone induction with and without upfront ASCT in patients with newly diagnosed MM suggests that addition of ASCT resulted in a trend towards improved ORR. This did not result in a significant difference in terms of PFS or OS between the two treatment arms. In contrast there was a trend of better DOR in the LD alone arm. The data show that LD alone can achieve similar results as LD+ASCT, however careful interpretation is required due to the low patient number and relatively short follow-up. The incidence of secondary malignancy was low, including the development of 1 MDS. Disclosures: Schecter: Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Mapara:Celgene: Research Funding, RO1 Other. Lentzsch:Celgene: Research Funding.
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Porpiglia, Ermelinda, Daniel Hidalgo, and Merav Socolovsky. "Digital and Analog Modes of Stat5 Signaling Regulate Basal and Stress Erythropoiesis." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 4766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4766.4766.
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Abstract Abstract 4766 Erythropoietin concentration in serum spans three orders of magnitude as it regulates erythropoietic rates in basal and stress erythropoiesis. It is not clear how Epo concentration is encoded intracellularly to generate the required erythropoietic rate. Stat5 activation by the Epo receptor (EpoR) is required for both basal and stress erythropoiesis. We asked whether dynamic properties of Stat5 signaling, namely the manner in which the Stat5 signal intensity varies with time or with Epo concentration, might somehow encode downstream responses. To this end, we studied the Stat5 signaling response quantitatively in freshly-isolated single cells in mouse erythropoietic tissue, by flow cytometry. Using wild type mice, as well as mutant EpoR-HM mice expressing a truncated EpoR that lacks cytoplasmic domain tyrosines, we identified two modes of Stat5 signaling, digital and analog, which are specifically required for basal and stress erythropoiesis, respectively. We found that expression levels of the Stat5 protein are key in shaping the Stat5 signal. Early erythroblasts, ‘S1’ (Subset 1) cells, express high levels of of Stat5, and are able to respond to high Epo with a high intensity graded, or analog, signal. By contrast, mature erythroblasts, labeled ‘S3’ (Subset 3), express lower Stat5 levels, and their response to Epo is limited to a low intensity signal. We found that this low –intensity response is nevertheless decisive, responding to an Epo stimulus with a binary (or digital) ‘on’ or ‘off’ signal. The digital character of this low-intensity signal can be measured quantitatively: we found that its reposnse to increasing levels of Epo may be fitted by a Hill curve with a high Hill coefficient, similar in magnitude to that found for the cooperative binding of oxygen to hemoglobin. Mechanistically, the digital, low-intensity Stat5 signal is due to bistable Stat5 activation, in turn a result of a positive feedback interaction whereby phosphorylated Stat5 promotes further Stat5 phosphorylation. Following bistable activation, however, and in the presence of high Stat5 expression, Stat5 activation can increase further in a graded fashion, in response to increasing Epo levels. In mature S3 erythroblasts, however, in the absence of high Stat5 levels, no further increase in the signal occurs, giving rise to a digital behavior. Stat5 activation is therefore analogous to that of a dimmer light switch: a toggle-mechanism controls an initial bistable activation, giving rise to a low-level light signal; further graded rotation of a dial lower the circuit's resistance and gives rise to a graded increase in light intensity (Figure 1). We found that the EpoR-HM erythroblasts lost the ability to signal via the analog Stat5 signaling mode, but retained digital signaling. By comparing genetic models that either completely lack Stat5 function (the Stat5-/- mouse), or that specifically lack the graded, high intensity signal (the EpoR-HM mouse), we found that the digital, low-intensity signal was both necessary and sufficient for erythroblast survival and for maintenance of basal erythropoiesis. By contrast, the high intensity analog p-Stat5 signal was required for the response to erythropoietic stress, as seen from the inability of EpoR-HM mice to respond to stress. Further, we identified a specific gene target of analog Stat5 signaling during stress. We found that the stress-dependent upregulation of CD71 in early erythroblasts was absent in EpoR-HM. By exogenously expressing high levels of Stat5 in EpoR-HM erythroblasts in vitro, we were able to rescue both the analog high-intensity Stat5 signal in these cells, as well as their ability to express high CD71 in response to stress levels of Epo. We propose that the combined bistable and graded Stat5 signaling responses in early erythroblasts has evolved in order to generate a high fidelity response to Epo over its broad concentration range in basal and stress erythropoiesis. Digital low-intensity signaling transduces a clear signal in response to low-levels of Epo; whereas the ability to respond to higher levels of Epo with a graded, high intensity signal, is retained. This work was funded by NIH/NHLBI RO1 HL084168 and by American Cancer SocietyFigure 1:Stat5 activation in response to low, basal Epo is through a bistable switch that generates a low intensity signal. A further increase in Epo results in a graded increase in signal, but only in cells that express high Stat5.Figure 1:. Stat5 activation in response to low, basal Epo is through a bistable switch that generates a low intensity signal. A further increase in Epo results in a graded increase in signal, but only in cells that express high Stat5. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Bilici, Zeynep, Raouf Bouchareb, Tuba Sacak, H. Cengiz Yatmaz, and Nadir Dizge. "Recycling of TiO2 containing waste and utilization by photocatalytic degradation of a reactive dye solution." Water Science and Technology, December 29, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.606.
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Abstract Recently, the utilization of wastes, recovery of high value-added products from waste, and their use as raw materials in other industries with the logic of industrial symbiosis has an important issue day by day. In this study, removal efficiency of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye from aqueous solution was studied using TiO2 catalyst recycled from an industrial waste effluent. The recycling of TiO2 waste was acquired from a paints manufacturing industry by sintering the TiO2 containing waste. The catalyst usability of TiO2 containing powder was then investigated in the removal of RO16 dye by photocatalytic oxidation process. In photocatalytic oxidation studies, TiO2/UV and TiO2/UV/H2O2 processes were investigated, where the effect of annealing temperature, the effect of H2O2 concentration, the adsorption and photocatalytic effects on RO16 dye removal were studied. The results showed that 100% RO16 removal was obtained for the 10 mg/L initial RO16 concentration using TiO2 (1 g/L)/UV. At high initial RO16 concentration (50 mg/L), 100% RO16 removal was achieved by adding 10 mM H2O2.
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Teng Ong, Siew, Chnoong Kheng Lee, Zulkarnain Zainal, Pei Sin Keng, and Sie Tiong Ha. "Photocatalytic degradation of basic and reactive dyes in both single and binary systems using immobilized TiO2." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 5, no. 2 (August 6, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v5n2.291.
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In order to avoid the separation process of fine titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst at the end of the treatment, a simple and effective method was explored to immobilize TiO2 nanoparticles on a support material. In this paper, the effectiveness of using immobilized TiO2 supported on glass plates to remove Basic Blue 3 (BB3) and Reactive Orange (RO16) from single and binary dye solutions was investigated. The photocatalytic degradation of both dyes was investigated under the illumination of either UV or sunlight. The percentage of dye removal increased with increasing irradiation time and the maximum number of dip coatings that can be applied was ten. For all the dye solutions studied, the percentage of dye removal decreased with increasing number of usage of immobilized TiO2. Due to the ease of usage and good photocatalytic efficiency, the findings showed the potential application in decolouring organic dyes for pollution prevention.
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Das, Payel, and Animesh Debnath. "Reactive orange 12 dye adsorption onto magnetically separable CaFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized by simple chemical route: kinetic, isotherm and neural network modeling." Water Practice and Technology, July 8, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2021.064.
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Abstract Industrial wastewaters laden with toxic dyes are required to be treated prior to their disposal in view of their adverse effect on human health and aquatic ecosystem. Thus in this research, CaFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared and used as adsorbent for elimination of reactive orange 12 dye (RO12) from aqueous medium. The CaFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibit specific surface area of ∼230 m2/g and average pore diameter of ∼2.5 nm. Maximum RO12 removal of 77% was observed at solution pH 2.0 with uptake capacity of 276.92 mg/g. The electrostatic interaction between CaFe2O4 nanoparticles and RO12 was the main driving force behind this adsorption. The kinetic modeling reveal that this adsorption process obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately (R2: 0.988–0.994) indicating the chemisorption behavior. The adsorption experimental data firmly followed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2: 0.997), confirming the monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic study suggests that the adsorption process is spontaneous (ΔG0 = −8.76 to −3.19 kJ/mol) and exothermic in nature (ΔH0 = –71.86 kJ). A neural network model (optimum topology of 4–7–1) was developed for precise forecasting of RO12 removal (%). The developed model with very high correlation coefficient (0.986) and very low mean squared error (0.00185) was successful for accurate prediction of experimental data.
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Raz, Limor, Kiran Bhaskar, and Gary A. Rosenberg. "Abstract W P385: Hypertension-Induced Hypoxia Leads to Neurodegeneration in a Novel Model of Accelerated Cerebrovascular Disease." Stroke 46, suppl_1 (February 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.46.suppl_1.wp385.
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Hypertension is a major risk factor contributing to cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Elevated blood pressure leads to cerebral small vessel disease, resulting neuronal cell death and cognitive dysfunction. We developed a unique animal model of clinical VCI in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone (SHR-SP) rat, characterized by significant white matter disease, neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits induced by a Japanese Permissive Diet (JPD) and unilateral carotid artery occlusion (UCAO). We hypothesized that the SHR-SP rat has neuropathological changes in the cortex and hippocampus due to effects of hypertension on neurodegeneration. To test the hypothesis, we performed permanent right side UCAO (hypoxia) at 12 weeks (12W) of age in male SHR-SP rats (n=5). Following surgery, rats were placed on a JPD and received 1% NaCl in drinking water (hypertension). Control rats were fed a normal diet and underwent right carotid artery isolation (n=4). A preliminary time course of NeuN and Cresyl Violet staining, from hypoxia onset (12W) to sacrifice (16W), showed decreased neuronal survival and elevated neuroinflammatory response (astro- and micro-gliosis by GFAP and Iba1 staining, respectively) in the experimental group as compared to controls. Microbleeds and endothelial cell damage were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin histology. Immunohistochemistry showed an up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), implicating a hypoxia-mediated mechanism in neurodegeneration. We observed disruption of the blood brain barrier beginning at 13W, with progressive changes by 16W. MRI-T2 imaging showed significantly larger infarct sizes on the left as compared to the right side hippocampus of experimental rats versus controls (1409656.67±262032 and 1174952.89±145886 (mean±SE), respectively; p<0.009). Our results indicate that chronic hypertension may effect neurodegenerative changes, not only in the white matter, but also in the cortex and hippocampus. Supported by NIH/NINDS RO1 NS045847-07A1.