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1
Čirjevskis, Andrejs. "What Dynamic Managerial Capabilities Are Needed for Greater Strategic Alliance Performance?" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 2 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5020036.
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Despite the rising interest in the nature of open innovation and its implications for greater strategic alliance performance, limited attention has been paid to what the dynamic managerial capabilities underpinning those processes are. Moreover, only limited research has examined how open innovation is practiced by firms working within various network forms (ecosystems, platforms, and strategic alliances) and what dynamic managerial capabilities ensure such networks’ collaborations. We need to further develop the concept of the coupled (collaborative) type of open innovation and to show how open innovation mechanisms, such as strategic alliances, are underpinned by dynamic managerial capabilities and to understand what their “micro-foundations” are. Thus, the goal of this article is to understand the role of sub-capabilities (how managers think and decide) of dynamic managerial capabilities as drivers of successful alliance performance.
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Ogrodniczuk, John S., William E. Piper, Anthony S. Joyce, and Mary McCallum. "Different Perspectives of the Therapeutic Alliance and Therapist Technique in 2 Forms of Dynamically Oriented Psychotherapy." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 45, no. 5 (2000): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370004500505.
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Objective: This study addresses several issues concerning patients' and therapists' perceptions of key therapy process variables. This includes examining whether patients and therapists differ in their perceptions of the therapeutic alliance and therapist technique, what the relation is between perceptions of the alliance and technique, and whether these perceptions are predictive of treatment outcome. Method: Patient and therapist perceptions of the therapy process were provided in a comparative trial of 2 forms of short-term individual dynamic psychotherapy. Patients (n = 144) were randomly assigned to each condition. Treatment outcome was assessed using a large, comprehensive battery of reliable measures. Results: The findings revealed several differences in the patients' and therapists' ratings of the alliance and technique in the 2 forms of therapy. Patient ratings of the alliance and technique were predictive of treatment outcome. Conclusion: The findings contribute to understanding the extent to which therapy participants share views of therapy processes and highlight the importance of the therapist's attending to the patient's perception of therapy.
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Fang, Yiwei, Dawei Jin, Xian Sun, and Haizhi Wang. "New evidence on alliance experience and acquisition performance." Studies in Economics and Finance 32, no. 1 (2015): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-07-2014-0130.
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Purpose – This study aims to build on the organizational learning theory and propose a complex strategy by combining strategic alliance with subsequent acquisitions to penetrate new product markets. The authors empirically examined whether and to what extent preacquisition alliance experience affects the short- and long-term stock performance of acquiring firms. Design/methodology/approach – Data on acquisitions, in which the acquirers have experience from preacquisition alliance activities in their targets’ respective industry, were collected. Diversifying acquisitions were focused upon to ensure that preacquisition alliance experience is the major source of organizational learning. A standard event study to examine acquirers’ abnormal returns was used and a Fama-French calendar-time portfolio approach to gauge long-run abnormal stock performance was adopted. In addition, regression analysis was conducted to investigate the alliance–acquisition relationship, controlling a set of variables capturing firm and acquisition characteristics. Findings – It has been documented that in the short run, alliance experience may not always benefit acquirers’ stock performance surrounding the acquisition announcements. In particular, for acquiring firms experiencing negative cumulative abnormal returns, investors value alliance experience negatively. However, for up to 36 months after acquisitions, acquirers with alliance experience outperform their counterparts in almost every acquisition category regardless of the short-term announcement returns. Originality/value – The current study has used a large-scale representative sample to investigate the dynamic interaction between alliances and acquisitions as two organizational forms for firms to grow. Findings indicate that firms can deliberately learn from their alliance activities and, later on, enter new markets through acquisitions. More importantly, it was found that, at least for some acquirers, preacquisition alliance activities are associated with worse short-term stock price performance because of possible information spillover and lifted entry barriers. It was confirmed that short-term pain nets long-term gains for acquirers heading into new markets.
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Ruangpermpool, Somchai, Barbara Igel, and Sununta Siengthai. "Trust and dynamic governance mechanisms in the university-industry R&D alliances." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 11, no. 2 (2020): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-02-2019-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine how the dynamic interplay of governance mechanisms of the university-firm R&D alliance reduces obstacles and enables the successful commercialization of research collaboration output. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal case research and retrospective strategy were used to collect relevant data and information in the four university-and-firm alliance teams collaborating on R&D projects in Thailand during 2008-2014. In-depth interviews and meetings were conducted with representatives of all partners and R&D project teams. Findings The authors found that formal and informal control mechanisms act as complementary forms of governance. The informal control (trust) serves as the frame of intentions whether the formal control is interpreted as a guideline or a commitment. Both formal and informal control mechanisms must be put in place to successfully and sustainably develop collaborative research into a commercial product. Research limitations/implications This study investigated four Thai government-funded research collaboration teams from a single industry. It would be worth investigating such research collaboration in other industries and those without any government funding. Originality/value This study applied an exploratory case research method which is rarely used in research on R&D alliance teams. It generates cross-functional insights on how to build trust in such R&D context, especially in an emerging economy.
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Ouyang, Zhaoying. "Risk Control of Virtual Enterprise Based on Distributed Decision-Making Model." Complexity 2021 (March 29, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535753.
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Virtual enterprise is a dynamic alliance of businesses, in which multiple members undertake joint research, development, manufacturing, operation, etc. The complexity of the relationship between business members, coupled with many new technologies or methods applied in the alliance operation, leads to more uncertain factors and difficulties in the operation and risk management of the virtual enterprise. The distributed decision-making model is a fast and effective decision-making model, in which dispersed intellectual resources and information resources are dynamically integrated through virtual organization forms and operating mechanisms, and the dynamic reorganization, result evaluation, and synthesis of the decision-making system are realized by certain control rules. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this paper expounded the research status and significance of the risk control of virtual enterprise; elaborated the development background, current status, and future challenges of distributed decision-making model; introduced the related works of decision-making variable calculation and constraint determination; constructed a risk control model for virtual enterprise based on distributed decision-making model; analyzed the multiobjective model and interval programming model of risk control; established a risk control approach for virtual enterprise based on distributed decision-making model; performed the optimal allocation of risk control funds and the selective optimization of backup allies; and finally conducted a case analysis. The study results show that, in view of the diversity of relationships between alliance businesses and the complexity of the distribution of cooperative areas, the distributed decision-making model can more reasonably describe the relationship between alliance members and accurately control the risks of virtual enterprise from multiple angles, which can effectively manage the risks of virtual enterprise. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further research on the risk control of virtual enterprise based on distributed decision-making model.
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Ma, Xiaogang, Chunyu Bao, and Lin Su. "Analysis of Complex Dynamics in Different Bargaining Systems." Complexity 2020 (July 1, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8406749.
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This paper focuses on the bargaining behavior of supply chain members and studies the stability of the bargaining system. There are two forms of bargaining in the process of negotiation. One is separate bargaining, and the other is that the automobile manufacturers form an alliance and bargain with the supplier collectively. We explore the influence of bargaining power and adjustment speed on the stability of the dynamic system and find that both of the factors need to be small to maintain the stability of the supply chain. After comparing the two forms of bargaining in terms of profits and stable regions, we find that the collective bargaining is a pattern with the existence of risk and benefit simultaneously. In order to control chaos in collective bargaining to lower the risk, we adopt the delay feedback control method. With the introduction of the control factor, the system tends to be stable finally.
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Povey, Elaheh Rostami. "Feminist Contestations of Institutional Domains in Iran." Feminist Review 69, no. 1 (2001): 44–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177800110070111.
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Iranian Feminists outside Iran are divided on women's positions in Iran under the Islamic state. Some have argued that the process of Islamization has marginalized women. Others have argued that the dynamic nature of Shari'a interpretation and the debate among religious scholars in Iran have shaped the indigenous forms of feminist consciousness, feminisms and women's involvement in the process of change. This paper, based on field research, is challenging both views. It will be argued that the contradictions of the Islamic state and institutions led to the process of feminist consciousness. In the period 1990–2000, Muslim and secular feminists in Iran have found their own ways of coming together, making demands and pressurizing the State and institutions to reform laws and regulations in favour of women's rights. But women are divided by the nature of their diversity. As their alliance has challenged the limitation of the Islamic state, the breakdown of their alliance (2000–2001), could have a great impact not only on gender relations, but also on the process of democratization and secularization.
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Meng, Fanglin, Zengrui Tian, Beiquan Chang, Hongxin Yu, and Shuai Zhang. "Research on the Niche Evolution Game of Ecological Community Innovation of Corporate Venture Capital Based on Logistic Extended Complexity Model." Complexity 2020 (August 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6327218.
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With the gestation and development of new technologies, new products, new formats, and new models, venture capital investment, as one of the most important forms of open innovation in large companies, plays an increasingly important role in the innovation of mature large companies and entrepreneurial enterprises. To deal with the complex and dynamic environment, the niche of Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) ecological community is investigated from the perspective of the innovation ecosystem. By analyzing the innovation of CVC ecological community with the use of the logistic expansion model, this paper analyzes the stability of evolution game through the replicator dynamic equation and discusses ten parameters of niche state. In the end, we conclude that there are four optimization strategies in the coevolution of major corporations and entrepreneurial firms, namely, niche separation, niche expansion, niche K-R, and niche alliance.
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Moss, Dana. "Repression, Response, and Contained Escalation Under "Liberalized" Authoritarianism in Jordan." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 19, no. 3 (2014): 261–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.19.3.q508v72264766u92.
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Studies of repression's effects on mobilization overwhelmingly focus on how severe repression affects the volume of protest, overlooking how activists perceive and experience a range of repressive tactics and how their tactical adaptations to this repertoire produce broader patterns of contention. This study therefore identifies repression's variegated forms and movements' corresponding responses using fifty-seven interviews with reform-oriented activists in Jordan, a "liberalized" authoritarian state, obtained in 2011. The findings demonstrate that activists (1) transformed softer repression into valued opportunities for communication with officials, and (2) responded to harder forms by publicizing repression through protests and their alliance networks, which persuaded the image-conscious regime to temper its tactics and prompted both sides to return to bargaining. This dynamic exemplifies a process of contained escalation, which helps to explain why Jordan's Arab Spring remained nonrevolutionary. I conclude by discussing the implications for studies of repression and response in illiberal contexts.
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LIU, Qian. "Legal Consciousness of the Leftover Woman: Law and Qing in Chinese Family Relations." Asian Journal of Law and Society 5, no. 1 (2017): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2017.28.
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AbstractThis paper analyses how the interaction of law and qing (情) shapes ordinary Chinese people’s legal consciousness. Ordinary Chinese people rely on qing, or the normal feelings, or attitudes of the public, to judge whether a particular law is just and how they should react to the law. By investigating Chinese leftover women’s legal consciousness regarding marriage and childbearing, this article has developed a theory to discuss Chinese people’s different forms of legal consciousness either when the law is in opposition to qing or when it is in alliance with qing. I argue that these variations of legal consciousness result from the dynamic relationship between qing and different types and levels of legality, including state law.
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Peasah, Nana Asimeng, and Barnes Evans John. "Analysis of the Nexus between Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth: A Panel Study Of Brics Countries." Business and Economic Research 6, no. 2 (2017): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v6i2.10235.
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BRICS countries forms a heterogeneous alliance. Their economic and political influence differ. They are distinguished by the outstanding size of their economies; strong growth rates and demand for stronger voice in the international governance and world economies. It is evident that BRICS have opened up their economies more than any other emerging economies. What is not clear to observers, is the extent to which international trade has contributed to the economies of these countries. The study therefore, seek to analyze the causal relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth among BRICS EconomiesThe study used a balanced panel data of the five BRICS Countries, (Brazil. Russia federation, India china and South Africa). For a period spanning from 1990 to 2014.Using a static fixed effect model and a dynamic panel of the Arrelano-Bond approach to GMM we estimate the dynamic impact of trade liberalization on Economic Growth, we found that under both the static and dynamic model, trade liberalization (proxy by TO) was found to exert positive and significant impact on economic growth rate.It is suggested that developing countries that want to follow the path of BRICS economies to economic recognition should consider developing internal institutions that leads to a greater trade openness (liberalization).
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Wahyuni, Sari, and Theo J. B. M. Postma. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO FACTORS INFLUENCING INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC ALLIANCE PROCESS." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 5, no. 3 (2003): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5627.
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Empirical research indicates that strategic alliances, like other organizational forms, emerge as an adaptive mechanism to market uncertainty, and their developments over time reflect the co-evolution of distinctive firm capabilities and of industry and market activities. Interestingly, most strategic alliances go through similar revolutionary cycles in terms of their motives and capabilities toward the cooperative relationship. Studies in this areas how that alliance failure is an outcome of the co-evolutionary adjustment to changes in the market, the competitive dynamics between partners, and assessment of efficiency of the alliance as an alternative governance structure. It is thus critical to adopt a dynamics perspective and historical observations of cooperative process. This paper attempts to distil, derive and integrate theories across different perspectives into a unified framework that offers a better understanding of alliance process development. Our analysis shows that we can divide strategic alliance development into three phases of development: formation, operation and evaluation. We further endeavor to seek the important factors that should be taken into account in each stage of their life.
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Calvagna, Simona. "Landscape Sustainability of Architecture in Fernando Menis’s Work: A Sensitive Design Rooted in Volcanic Nature." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (2020): 8711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208711.
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The many declinations of the idea of sustainability in architecture concern different disciplinary areas as well as all phases of the construction process. Alongside the more established categories of the sustainability of materials used and the technical construction processes and economic investments mobilized, there are now new facets of the idea of sustainability. They affect the impact that architecture can have on communities in terms of social relations and quality of context of life. This work explores the idea of landscape sustainability of architecture, understood as the ability of man-made interventions to belong to the context and the inhabitants, while promoting forms of alliance with the ecosystems at multiple spatial and temporal scale. Starting from the analysis of some trends in contemporary architecture that deals with these problems, the research identifies the volcanic environment as a terrain for exploration, with particular interest in its natural characteristics and dynamic interactions with anthropic contexts. After choosing the region of Macaronesia as a case study, the research focuses on the work of Fernando Menis. As an architect from the Canary Islands, he has developed his own modus operandi which, while rooted in its original context, is inspired by principles of social, cultural, and landscape sustainability of architecture that are valid today everywhere. The objective of this work is therefore to draw a reflection from his architectural poetics, with the intention of outlining the features of a possible contemporary design posture based on principles of landscape sustainability.
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Novy, Andreas. "“Unequal diversity” as a knowledge alliance." Multicultural Education & Technology Journal 6, no. 3 (2012): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17504971211253985.
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PurposeThe purpose of this self‐reflective paper is to focus on practical efforts to combat inequality and foster intercultural dialogue in education. It introduces “knowledge alliances”, a type of social practice open for education technologies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is structured in a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part ledge production is divided in two sections: the first one summarizes transdisciplinarity and Paulo Freire's dialogical pedagogy as two innovative approaches to knowledge sharing, production and appropriation. In the second section knowledge alliances are presented as innovative forms of lasting learning and research partnerships. The empirical part presents a case study and discusses the potential and limits of this specific knowledge alliance.FindingsThe paper demonstrates the importance of a partnership approach to combat inequality and discrimination. Knowledge alliance is a normative as well as an analytical concept to grasp the dynamics of lasting and transdisciplinary cooperation. For multicultural education, their implementation can be supported by learning technologies.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is a self‐reflection on a lasting learning and research cooperation which offers deep insights into practical challenges. The limitations of these socially innovative practices are the lack of ex‐ante scientific rigor.Practical implicationsThe paper argues in favour of lasting cooperation.Social implicationsThe paper shows the necessity to link practice and theory in knowledge alliances which last beyond the single project.Originality/valueThe paper introduces the term knowledge alliances and the related normative and analytical implications.
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Kupchan, Charles A. "NATO and the Persian Gulf: examining intra-alliance behavior." International Organization 42, no. 2 (1988): 317–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300032835.
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This study examines the determinants of intra-alliance cooperation by focusing on a single case study: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) attempts to deal with Persian Gulf security since 1979. It chronicles the evolution of NATO policy towards Southwest Asia, identifying examples of cooperative and noncooperative behavior. The essay then develops four hypotheses about intra-alliance behavior and uses them to examine the case study. The External Threat hypothesis suggests that alliance cohesion rises and falls with external threats to collective security. The Alliance Security Dilemma hypothesis proposes that cohesion is a function of the coercive potential of the alliance leader and its ability to exact cooperative behavior from its weaker partners. The Collective Action hypothesis suggests that alliance behavior is fundamentally a public goods problem. The Domestic Politics hypothesis asserts that alliance behavior is determined primarily by political and economic factors at the domestic level.The essay points to the overriding importance of American coercion in producing political cooperation within NATO on the out-of-area problem. It shows, however, that the economic components of alliance behavior are relatively insensitive to bargaining pressure and threat perceptions, and that European defense expenditures are determined largely by domestic factors. The article therefore illuminates the need to distinguish carefully between the political and economic components of alliance management. It suggests, however, that the different dynamics driving cooperation and discord are not a function of the issue-area per se, but of the scope and locus of its decision-making arena. While some issue-areas are largely the domain of foreign policy elites and lend themselves to oligarchic forms of decision making, others have a far more immediate impact on domestic politics and are therefore more influenced by pluralist factors.
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Gayoso, Carmen A. "Russian hegemonies: historical snapshots, regional security and changing forms of Russia’s role in the post-Soviet region." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 42, no. 2 (2009): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2009.04.001.
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The broad purpose of this study is to exemplify changing forms of hierarchical rule manifested in post-Soviet Russia’s varying provision of regional security related to military conflicts. Russia’s regional role varies in form and in thickness. Although the endurance of Soviet legacy can be observed in four major areas (stabilising borders, economic interest, unification of fellow Slavs and fluctuating alliances), there is enough variance to suggest that over-deterministic theories about Russian regional foreign policy do not account for conjunctural factors that can contribute to change. Instead, we can view the Soviet and post-Soviet regional dynamic as one that is on a fluid anarchy–hierarchy spectrum.
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Chapais, Bernard. "Competing through Co-operation in Nonhuman Primates: Developmental Aspects of Matrilineal Dominance." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 1 (1996): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900102.
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This paper's major aim is to illustrate how competition and co-operation are causally interrelated in the social life of nonhuman primates. In many species, competition for resources and mates commonly leads to xenophobic alliances and to the formation of intra-group dominance orders in which coalitions and alliances play a major role. In this sense, competition fosters co-operation. After briefly reviewing the nature of alliances in primates, this paper focuses on matrilineal dominance systems, which characterise many species of the Cercopithecidae family (macaques, baboons, etc.). In these societies, females socially inherit their mother's rank above lower-ranking matrilines with the result that kin rank next to each other. This paper summarises 10 years of experimental research on the composition and dynamics of alliances in a captive group of Japanese macaques (Macacafuscata). The main experimental paradigm consisted in manipulating the composition of the group, thereby dismantling existing alliances and inducing the formation of new alliances and new rank orders. Results reveal the existence of a complex interplay of kin and nonkin alliances responsible for the acquisition of rank and, later, for the maintenance of rank relations within and between kin groups. Opportunistic, selfishly motivated interventions in conflicts, performed by juveniles sharing the same targets (common targeting principle), appear to account for the initial formation of alliances in these dominance systems and, possibly, in various other situations as well. Such relatively simple processes may have paved the way for ontogenetically and phylogenetically more sophisticated forms of co-operation, such as reciprocity involving delayed benefits to the donors.
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Matsuzawa, Setsuko. "Horizontal Dynamics in Transnational Activism: The Case of Nu River Anti-Dam Activism in China." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 16, no. 3 (2011): 369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.16.3.30242741826k05r2.
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This case study of transnational activism against the Nu River hydropower dam plan in China describes a horizontal dynamic in global-local relations, whereas the predominant literature in social movements assumes a vertical or hierarchical conception. The forms and operations of transnational activism were analyzed in order to understand the connectivity of domestic environmental NGOs in China to alliances, venues, and discourses. The case reveals that the "translocal" nature of local activism helped create linkages with global partners and establish a horizontal dynamic of transnational activism via the development of transnational solidarities and local empowerment. Local activists today should not automatically be viewed as the bottom feeders in a vertical topography, dependent upon global patronage. The study proposes a preliminary set of observable and/or measurable characteristics for assessing the degree to which any case of global-local relations expresses a horizontal dynamic.
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Moragues-Faus, Ana, and Roberta Sonnino. "Re-assembling sustainable food cities: An exploration of translocal governance and its multiple agencies." Urban Studies 56, no. 4 (2018): 778–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018763038.
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Cities have begun to develop a more ‘place-based approach’ to food policy that emphasises translocal alliances. To understand how such alliances develop distinct capacities to act, in this paper we integrate key theoretical contributions from governance networks, social movements and translocal assemblages. Our analysis focuses on the activities and tools used by the UK’s Sustainable Food Cities Network to assemble local experiences, create common imaginaries and perform collective action. Through these processes, we argue, the network creates cross-scalar, collective and distributive agencies that are modifying incumbent governance dynamics. As we conclude, this raises the need to further explore how translocal configurations can develop forms of power that contest, break or reassemble the relations in the food system that are actively preventing the emergence of more sustainable foodscapes.
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Close, Christopher W. "City-States, Princely States, and Warfare: Corporate Alliance and State Formation in the Holy Roman Empire (1540–1610)." European History Quarterly 47, no. 2 (2017): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691416687959.
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Scholars often view the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries as a period of general urban decline, when territorial rulers imposed their political agendas on smaller state actors such as city-states in ever more authoritative ways. Such a view is especially prevalent in studies based in the Holy Roman Empire. It forms part of a larger approach to studying the course of state formation that focuses too much on the building of internal bureaucratic institutions and not enough on the importance of interactions between state actors. Studies that examine the relationship between warfare and state formation in particular downplay the importance of city-states, arguing that the costs of war served as a prime vehicle for princely states to marginalize city-states during the Reformation era. This article re-evaluates this paradigm of urban decline through the comparative study of corporate alliances, formal cooperative associations between princely states and city-states. Specifically, it examines the fallout surrounding two conflicts between princes and city-states within the Schmalkaldic League and the Protestant Union. Controversies over the use of alliance military forces within these leagues reveal that rather than decline in the decades leading up to the Thirty Years War, urban influence within leagues increased over time because of the dynamics of war. This conclusion challenges the narratives of territoriality and urban decline that dominate much of the political history covering the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Ultimately, it presents a new way to understand the relationship between city-states, princely states, warfare, and the course of state formation in the Reformation-era Holy Roman Empire.
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Davis, Jason P. "The Group Dynamics of Interorganizational Relationships." Administrative Science Quarterly 61, no. 4 (2016): 621–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839216649350.
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This paper examines how organizations collaborate with multiple partners, such as when they develop innovative and complex product platforms like smartphones, servers, and MRI machines that rely on technologies developed by organizations in three or more sectors. Research on multipartner alliances often treats them as a collection of independent dyads, neglecting the possibility of third-party influence and interference in dyads that can inhibit innovation. Using a multiple-case, inductive study of six groups, each composed of three organizations engaged in technology and product development in the computer industry, I examine the collaborative forms and processes that organizations use to innovate with multiple partners in groups. Groups that used the collaborative forms of independent parallel dyads or single unified triads generated mistrust and conflict that stemmed from expectations about third-party participation and overlapping roles and thus had low innovation performance and weaker ties. Other groups avoided these problems by using a dynamic collaboration process that I call “group cycling,” in which managers viewed their triad as a small group, decomposed innovative activities into a series of interlinked dyads between different pairs of partners, and managed third-party interests across time. By temporarily restricting participation to pairs, managers chose which ideas, technologies, and resources to incorporate from third parties into single dyads and ensured that the outputs of multiple dyads were combined into a broader innovative whole.
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CHEBERAKO, Oksana, and Oksana HNATYUK. "LEASING SERVICES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES: EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(62) (2020): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2020.01.118.
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Introduction. Lack of direct investment has recently forced entrepreneurs to resort the other forms of investment, which makes it relevant to study one of these forms – leasing. The rapid development of leasing activities in foreign countries is due to the fact that it is an advanced method of logistical support of business activity. Due to its advantages, leasing gives wide access to advanced technologies and technologies to business entities. Influencing the macroeconomic dynamics in the country, it activates the process of investment and renewal of fixed assets, creates new jobs, promotes the development of the national economy. The purpose is to study the trends of leasing development in the world and to offer the basic directions of introduction of foreign experience in domestic practice. Methods. The historical, analytical, empirical, inductive-deductive, comparative research methods to implement the principle of objectivity of scientific presentation have been used. Results. The article examines foreign experience and legal support for the development of leasing services. Revealed, globalization, specialization, consolidation, the formation of strategic alliances are the modern tendencies of dynamic development of the world market of leasing services. Conclusions. Suggestions have been made on the need to introduce the foreign experience of leasing development in Ukraine through the improvement of the legislative base, its harmonization with international norms, the creation of infrastructure of the leasing services market, the development of the guarantees system and insurance. Leasing items, that increase banks’ interest through the system of long-term loans, are substantiated.
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Gigli, Alessandra, Silvia Demozzi, and María Pina Castillo. "La alianza educativa escuela/familia y los grupos de chat de padres: una mirada a la situación italiana." Revista Electrónica Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado 22, no. 3 (2019): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/reifop.389271.
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La llamada a la colaboración entre escuela y familia es una constante de muchos centros educativos, sin embargo, raramente se define su significado y no siempre las medidas de apoyo pragmático son adecuadas, registrándose desde ambas partes situaciones problemáticas de des-alianza. En esta contribución se analizan las coordenadas de la alianza educativa destacando los últimos avances y prefigurando escenarios de resolución desde un punto de vista teórico y metodológico. En particular, se aborda una temática que se presenta cada vez con más fuerza en las dinámicas entre familias y centros educativos: se trata del uso por parte de los progenitores de las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación. Estas nuevas formas de relación, aunque tienen aspectos positivos, se caracterizan por una comunicación poco filtrada, muy inmediata y, a menudo, emocional, repercutiendo a la relación educativa, generando más problemas y haciendo urgente algún tipo de proyecto-acción por parte de las instituciones educativas. The call for collaboration between the school and the family is a constant of many educational centers, however, its meaning is rarely defined and not always the measures adopted to support it at the pragmatic level are adequate, registering from both sides problematic situations of des-alliance. In this contribution, the coordinates of the educational alliance are analyzed, highlighting the latest advances and prefiguring resolution scenarios from a theoretical and methodological point of view. In particular, the most adressed topic that appears with more and more force in the dynamics between families and educational and school services: The use of the progenitors of new communication technologies. These new forms of relationship, although they have positive aspects, are characterized by a communication little filtered, very immediate and, often, emotional, having an impact on the educational relationship, generating more problems and urging the need for a type of project-action from the educational institutions.
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Semenishchenkov, Yu A., and A. V. Poluyanov. "Steppificated broad-leaved forests of the alliance Aceri tatarici–Quercion Zólyomi 1957 on the Middle-Russian Upland." Vegetation of Russia, no. 24 (2014): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2014.24.101.
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Steppificated oak forests — the unique relic natural complexes of the Eastern Europe remained in Central Russia by small fragments. These forests are important elements of forest-steppe natural complexes and the reserves of rare plant species. In the European scientific literature the questions of their syntaxonomy, features of structure and dynamics are discussed (Mucina at al., 1993; Chytrý, 1997; Chytrý, Horak, 1997; Roleček, 2005, 2007; Kevey, 2008; etc.). The data on phytocoenotic diversity of such forests in Central Russia were obtained only recently but they are fragmented and insufficient. According to the Braun-Blanquet approach these forests belong to the subcontinental forest-steppe alliance Aceri tatarici–Quercion Zólyomi 1957. Such forests are described within the areas of distribution of two important edificator species — Acer tataricum and A.campestre which the northeast areal border generally corresponds to the northeast border of the forest-steppe zone. On the basis of geobotanical data collected by the authors on the Middle-Russian Upland (Belgorod, Kursk, Tula regions) the 4 new associations within the alliance Aceri tatarici–Quercion Zólyomi 1957 are described. Floristic differentiation of new syntaxa from the Central-European syntaxa is demonstrated by the DCA-ordination. Authors propose an original combination of the diagnostic species for this alliance, for the area studied. Taking into account the floristic specificity of the forests of the region, we suggest uniting of the established associations into the new suballiance Crataego curvisepalae–Quercenion roboris. This alliance represents the East European mesoxerophyte broad-leaved (with Quercus robur) forests of forest-steppe zone of the Middle Russian subprovince of the East European forest-steppe province. The diagnostic species of the suballiance are following: Quercus robur, Acer platanoides, Chamaecytisus ruthenicus, Crataegus curvisepala, Frangula alnus, Melampyrum nemorosum, Sorbus aucuparia, Tilia cordata, Viburnum opulus. The suballiance is diagnosed by absence of thermophilous ous Quercus species, in particular, Q.petraea, Q.pubescens, Q.cerris, etc., their hybrid forms, and also some Central European and Sub-Mediterranean trees and shrubs: Acer pseudoplatanus, Carpinus betulus, Crataegus laevigata, C.monogyna, Cornus mas, Fagus sylvatica, Ligustrum vulgare, Sorbus aria, S.tomentosa, Tilia argentea, T.plathyphyllos, Viburnum lantana, Ulmus minor. Results of the research spread our knowledge on distribution of the steppificatedbroad-leaved forests in the Central Russia. and geography of the alliance Aceri tatarici–Quercion in Eastern Europe.
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Cianfaglione, Kevin. "Plant Landscape and Models of French Atlantic Estuarine Systems. Extended Summary of the Doctoral Thesis." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 23, no. 1 (2021): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2021-0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The present study proposes a theoretical common model of environmental gradients and functioning of vegetation and Plant Landscape of the French Atlantic estuarine systems. This model offers a basis to improve classification and ecological studies of estuarine systems, and to helps the monitoring and assessment of land uses, land forms transformation and human impacts, thanks to the develop of a spatio-temporal predictive model based on actual and potential vegetation following a dynamico-catenal approach. In eight selected estuaries, fieldworks was undertook for a total of 98,315 ha highlighting two vegetation series and four geopermaseries, corresponding to 131 plant associations, 60 alliances, 43 orders, and 28 classes. The vegetation of three representative estuaries was mapped, for a total of 74,433 ha. A synthetic scheme of estuary vegetation landscape is proposed, integrating geographical and ecological gradients as well as geomorphologic forms.
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Mikkonen, Enni. "Decolonial and Transnational Feminist Solidarity: Promoting Ethically Sustainable Social Change with Women in Rural Nepalese Communities." International Journal of Community and Social Development 2, no. 1 (2020): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516602620911805.
Full textAbstract:
This article addresses the complexities and dynamics of promoting social change with marginalised communities in the Global South. It builds empirically on a social work ethnographic study about the change process(es) and development of women’s social position in rural Nepalese communities. The research results suggest that the tools to promote ethically sustainable social change are based on decolonial and transnational feminist solidarity and its different, overlapping forms: solidarity through dialogue, alliance and exchange. The study argues that international social work and community development need to strengthen the approaches that recognise and deconstruct white and economic power dominance within their research, theory and practice. The research produces knowledge on a context-sensitive transnational solidarity praxis, which contributes to the discussion on social justice and ethicality in international development and social work paradigms.
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Trevizo, Dolores. "Between Zapata and Che." Social Science History 30, no. 2 (2006): 197–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013444.
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This research explains why Mexico's 1968 student movement ended in the massacre of hundreds of students, while the peasant revolts that followed won land reform from the state. I argue that because Mexico's presidents managed each movement with both repression and concessions, other factors beyond the state's political opportunity structure explain these sharply contrasting social movement outcomes. The evidence strongly suggests that while Mexico's version of authoritarianism increased the odds of repression, each movement's levels of organization, disruption, and framing strategies determined the forms and degree of state violence. The analysis shows how politically salient frames may decrease the odds of repression or increase the odds of political alliances with state elites. It follows that political opportunities are more dynamic and dialogically emergent than previously theorized.
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Martínez, José Ciro. "Topological twists in the Syrian conflict: Re-thinking space through bread." Review of International Studies 46, no. 1 (2019): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210519000330.
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AbstractThis article seeks to question the epistemological monopoly of territory and scale in analyses of the Syrian conflict. It does so to both challenge static conceptualisations of space in the study of politics and analyse how seemingly remote actors influence wartime outcomes. Since 2011, NGOs, government bodies, and merchants have worked to connect Damascus to Tehran, Idlib to Istanbul, London to Dara‘a. These connections have proven crucial to the reliable supply of food, funds, and firepower. Yet rather than reveal the importance of foreign patrons or proxies on the ground, such dynamics speak to a world in which relationships matter more than distance, practices more than geopolitical position or a priori forms of alliance. Drawing on the work of John Allen, I suggest why thinking topologically about these dynamics better equips us to understand the political outcomes they help engender. To demonstrate the promise of this approach, I hone in on the partnerships, intermediaries, and connections that shape performances of political authority in Syria by examining one object crucial to its enactment: bread.
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Gago, Verónica, Ni Una Menos, Ramsey McGlazer, Verónica Carchedi, and Liz Mason-Deese. "Critical Times / The Earth Trembles." Critical Times 1, no. 1 (2018): 158–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26410478-1.1.158.
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Abstract This text shows how the strike has been appropriated and reinvented by feminist movements to politicize the problem of violence against women and to link it to broader social, economic, and political issues. It underscores how a wide variety of unexpected alliances and coalitions have been enabled by the strike and how they have multiplied its impacts and meanings. This political process has involved efforts to forge a new internationalism, with precarity as a common concern, but one that takes singular forms in concrete conflicts. In this way, feminist struggles are producing new images of counter-power, of a popular sovereignty that challenges faith in the state, of insurgencies that have renewed the dynamics of decision and autonomy, and of self-defense and collective force.
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Korovin, Grigoriy B. "Network Structures in the Regional Industry." Economy of Region 16, no. 4 (2020): 1132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-9.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid digitalisation of the economy introduces network forms of coordination of industrial enterprises activities. A network approach to cooperation in the industrial sector requires the development of theoretical foundations and methodological approaches, considering the specificity of industrial territories. Th e stud y use s variou s methods : structura l an d dynamic analysis of regional statistics and open data of industrial enterprises and regional network structures, expert commentary, development analysis of network structures in the industrial regions. The research identified possible network changes in the traditional industrial business models. Due to such changes, partners and consumers are involved in the product creation, customisation, individualisation, and price determination based on network information services. A new typology includes four types of structures corresponding to four quadrants of a two-dimensional matrix, divided by the strategic goals of merging organisations and the network structure functions. The selected types include associations of the producers of homogeneous products; partnerships and alliances; local networks; supply and value chains. The empirical part of the paper involves the identification and analysis of four types of network structures in the Sverdlovsk region and an assessment of their significance to the economy. Finally, the study assessed the development dynamics of regional network structures using particular indicators. The results can be used for developing the concept of network economy, creating tools for managing the network industry, and establishing a new industrial policy that takes into account a network aspect of cooperation.
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Korovin, Grigoriy B. "Network Structures in the Regional Industry." Economy of Region 16, no. 4 (2020): 1132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-9.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid digitalisation of the economy introduces network forms of coordination of industrial enterprises activities. A network approach to cooperation in the industrial sector requires the development of theoretical foundations and methodological approaches, considering the specificity of industrial territories. Th e stud y use s variou s methods : structura l an d dynamic analysis of regional statistics and open data of industrial enterprises and regional network structures, expert commentary, development analysis of network structures in the industrial regions. The research identified possible network changes in the traditional industrial business models. Due to such changes, partners and consumers are involved in the product creation, customisation, individualisation, and price determination based on network information services. A new typology includes four types of structures corresponding to four quadrants of a two-dimensional matrix, divided by the strategic goals of merging organisations and the network structure functions. The selected types include associations of the producers of homogeneous products; partnerships and alliances; local networks; supply and value chains. The empirical part of the paper involves the identification and analysis of four types of network structures in the Sverdlovsk region and an assessment of their significance to the economy. Finally, the study assessed the development dynamics of regional network structures using particular indicators. The results can be used for developing the concept of network economy, creating tools for managing the network industry, and establishing a new industrial policy that takes into account a network aspect of cooperation.
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Porta, Donatella, and Dieter Rucht. "The Dynamics of Environmental Campaigns." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 7, no. 1 (2002): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.7.1.a2p473545718n577.
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Environmental movements and their activities are studied from various angles, by different methods, and at different levels. While both detailed studies on single incidents of conflict and broad overviews of movements are available, relatively little work has been done at the intermediate level between these extremes. We argue that it is fruitful to engage at this level by undertaking comparative analysis of environmental campaigns. Such studies could help deal with inconclusive observations and findings on the changes of environmental movements during the last three decades. We hypothesize that indeed environmental activism has changed remarkably. By and large, conflicts are no longer marked by a relatively simple constellation of one challenger facing one target or opponent. Instead, we find a complex web of involved actors reaching from local to international levels. These actors tend to form broad alliances, and to link on different issues. Also, their activities are not restricted to only one arena or strategy but involve all available channels, arenas, and action repertoires to have an impact. Quite often, we observe loose coalitions of groups that act in an implicit division of labor, thereby playing on their respective backgrounds, foci, and experiences. Given the variety of actors, their organizational forms and tactics on the one hand and their different contexts on the other, it is unlikely that a common pattern of conflict will emerge across various issues and geographical areas. This is all the more true when comparing environmental conflicts in the Western and Non-Western world.
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Miller, Michael K. "The Strategic Origins of Electoral Authoritarianism." British Journal of Political Science 50, no. 1 (2017): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123417000394.
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Why do autocrats hold multiparty elections? This article argues that transitions to electoral authoritarianism (EA) follow a strategic calculus in which autocrats balance international incentives to adopt elections against the costs and risks of controlling them. It tests this hypothesis with a multinomial logit model that simultaneously predicts transitions to EA and democracy, using a sample of non-electoral autocracies from 1946–2010. It finds that pro-democratic international leverage – captured by dependence on democracies through trade ties, military alliances, international governmental organizations and aid – predicts EA adoption. Socio-economic factors that make voters easier to control, such as low average income and high inequality, also predict EA transition. In contrast, since democratization entails a loss of power for autocrats, it is mainly predicted by regime weakness rather than international engagement or socio-economic factors. The results demonstrate that different forms of liberalization follow distinct logics, providing insight into autocratic regime dynamics and democracy promotion’s unintended effects.
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Maisenbacher, Julia. "Transnational capital unbound? A critical institutionalist perspective on the marketization of corporate control in Serbia and Turkey." Competition & Change 22, no. 3 (2018): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024529418756633.
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Although active markets for corporate control have proliferated beyond liberal market economies, marketization has not become universal and indeed takes different forms. Although there is a growing body of literature that analyses marketization, systemic underlying dynamics shaping the specific trajectory of marketization have been scarcely addressed. Drawing on a critical institutionalist perspective, this article analyzes the marketization of corporate control against the backdrop of the structural problem of overaccumulation and locates the variegated trajectory of marketization in the specific interplay between the state and different capital fractions. This article focuses on Serbia and Turkey. Serbia has witnessed a substantial marketization of corporate control which comprises the adoption of (foreign) investor friendly market-enabling regulations and a growing number of majority acquisitions which were often followed by efficiency-oriented restructurings. By contrast, in Turkey, state capital alliances hampered the marketization of corporate control, and advocated for regulations which still allow for the selective prioritization of certain capital fractions.
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Jaafari, Ali. "Life-Cycle Project Management: A Proposed Theoretical Model for Development and Implementation of Capital Projects." Project Management Journal 31, no. 1 (2000): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875697280003100107.
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Facility delivery has been traditionally the focus of project management in capital projects. The current body of knowledge, project administrative systems, and the associated model contracts support the delivery of physical facilities with limited focus on original business objectives, or market dynamics. There is an increasing realization that the main focus should be on the creation of a viable business entity of which the facility forms only one part. When focus is shifted from the delivery of the physical facility to the creation of a business to service project objectives, it becomes clear that the traditional project delivery approaches will have to give way to a new system in which project life-cycle objectives will be the basis for decision-making throughout the project's life. Under this method, the project participants assume partial responsibility for the viability of the project over its operational life. A simplified form of sharing risks/rewards, known as a project alliance, is already popular. Capital projects are technology based, and few projects can be competitive without significant innovation in their conceptualization, implementation, and operation. This also provides the additional argument that project life-cycle objectives should be the basis for project development and management.
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Adlung, Shari, Margreth Lünenborg, and Christoph Raetzsch. "Pitching Gender in a Racist Tune: The Affective Publics of the #120decibel Campaign." Media and Communication 9, no. 2 (2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i2.3749.
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This article analyses the changed structures, actors and modes of communication that characterise ‘dissonant public spheres.’ With the #120decibel campaign by the German Identitarian Movement in 2018, gender and migration were pitched in a racist tune, absorbing feminist concerns and positions into neo-nationalistic, misogynist and xenophobic propaganda. The article examines the case of #120decibel as an instance of ‘affective publics’ (Lünenborg, 2019a) where forms of feminist protest and emancipatory hashtag activism are absorbed by anti-migration campaigners. Employing the infrastructure and network logics of social media platforms, the campaign gained public exposure and sought political legitimacy through strategies of dissonance, in which a racial solidarity against the liberal state order was formed. Parallel structures of networking and echo-chamber amplification were established, where right-wing media articulate fringe positions in an attempt to protect the rights of white women to be safe in public spaces. #120decibel is analysed and discussed here as characteristic of the ambivalent role and dynamics of affective publics in societies challenged by an increasing number of actors forming an alliance on anti-migration issues based on questionable feminist positions.
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El Issawi, Fatima. "Media Pluralism and Democratic Consolidation: A Recipe for Success?" International Journal of Press/Politics 26, no. 4 (2021): 861–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19401612211010480.
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The Tunisian political transition has succeeded in building a working, yet fragile governance beyond ideological and political divides. Political debate across media platforms has become open and dynamic, but the media–politics nexus thrives within a complex system of clientelism forged on shifting alliances between politicians and business tycoons, including recapture by agents of the former regime. The media–politics interplay is taking competitive and antagonistic forms, effectively exacerbating polarized conflicts. This paper reflects on the notions of hybrid media systems, agonistic pluralism, and civic culture, based on data collected in a focus group conducted in Tunis in May 2019 that brought together representatives from media, politics, and civil society complemented by interviews with leading journalists and media stakeholders. This paper argues that the relationship between media and politics is interdependent and marked by confrontation and adaption; the uncertainty of the transition is leading to a complex and volatile power struggle in which neither media nor politics have the upper hand in defining the terms of the game. This ambivalent relationship, taking place within a new system of clientelism, has had a mixed outcome on the process of democratic consolidation.
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Ren, Xuefei. "Land acquisition, rural protests, and the local state in China and India." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 35, no. 1 (2016): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263774x16655802.
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As China and India urbanize, land acquisition by state and private actors has become highly contentious in both countries. This article compares two large-scale anti-land acquisition protests—the Wukan protest in China’s Guangdong province and the Singur protest in the Indian state of West Bengal—to examine how the subnational state partakes in land acquisition and how rural protesters engage with different levels of the state in their resistance. The comparative analysis finds that the different involvement of the subnational state in land speculation has produced different spatiality and dynamics of protests. In China, rural protesters target the bottom-level authority such as village councils, often taking on a cellular form of mobilization geographically confined to their particular villages. By comparison, in India rural protesters target the regional state governments and they engage in associational forms of mobilization by building ad hoc alliances with political parties and NGOs beyond the affected villages. Although the larger context of political regimes should be taken into account, this article shows that the scales at which the subnational state partakes in land acquisition have largely shaped the spatiality and strategies of rural protests.
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Pires, Antonio Ramos, and Margarida Saraiva. "CUSTOS RELACIONADOS COM A QUALIDADE: CONTRIBUTOS PARA O DESEMPENHO ORGANIZACIONAL." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2018.v4.279.
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In the 1960s, the technique of Quality-Related Costs (QRCs) arose in an attempt to prove that quality contributed to profitability, which was not a cost but an investment. However, QRCs are no longer counted, since the models have become obsolete, the benefits are unquestionable, and the use of information has been small and of little use to organizations. However, the knowledge and learning society and the entrepreneurial dynamics place the QRCs problem on another level of analysis. This article intends to raise a set of issues, such as: the dimensions and forms of management in the framework of alliances, or in other new organizational solutions; how to assess the costs of process management and the value of intangible assets; and what costs can / should be made autonomous, in a useful way to support management decisions. The quantification of the QRCs established the link between them and the operational and financial results, revealing how quality increases the performance of companies. However, approaches to QRCs need to be rethought and developed to respond to new organizational realities. Some perspectives are advanced and other challenges are proposed to quality and production researchers, because it has been concluded that there are still unexplored potentialities.
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Wang-Mlynek, Liyuan, and Kai Foerstl. "Barriers to multi-tier supply chain risk management." International Journal of Logistics Management 31, no. 3 (2020): 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-09-2019-0256.
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PurposeMulti-tier supply chain risk management (MSCRM) is an evolving and dynamic field, as any defaults or glitches in supply chains can potentially harm the efficiency and competitiveness of the entire supply chain. This study aims to investigate barriers to MSCRM in the automotive and civil aircraft industries.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts an inductive case study research design. The case analysis includes two parts. First, the within-case analysis develops case profiles and identifies critical categories. Second, the cross-case analysis compares MSCRM patterns across the cases.FindingsThis study argues that narrow information sharing and communication covering only the immediate supply chain partners obstruct the efficiency of MSCRM. Similarly, high dependency on strategic alliances with suppliers hinders efficient MSCRM. Additionally, relying on information and communication technologies (ICT) increases companies' exposure to risks and poses another barrier to efficient MSCRM.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research should be pursued to expand generalizability and test the validity of the findings using other forms of data collection and methodologies, such as large-scale surveys, experiments or secondary data across different sectors and typical supply networks.Practical implicationsThis study provides empirical evidence on the obstacles faced by companies during the process of MSCRM. These findings can guide practitioners in developing initiatives to overcome these challenges.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to investigate the barriers to MSCRM in the automotive and civil aircraft industries using in-depth case studies across three tiers of the supply chain.
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al-Hamid, Raed. "The American withdrawal from Iraq: ways and means for remaining behind*." Contemporary Arab Affairs 5, no. 2 (2012): 230–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2012.669094.
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This article examines the 2011 withdrawal of United States' regular military forces from Iraq in the context of Gen. David H. Petraeus strategy of the ‘surge’ and co-opting Sunni fighters against forces aligned with al-Qāʿidah through brokering tribal alliances and adding members of the majālis al-ṣaḥwah (‘awakening councils’) to government pay rosters. It is argued here that Petraeus's strategy of the ‘surge’ was numerically insignificant and – even if he did order US fighting units back onto the streets – was only partly effective. Various factors and internal Iraqi dynamics played a more decisive role in the outcome of events that ultimately gave the Nuri Maliki government a free hand to work in unofficial cooperation with Shiʿite militias to leave major Sunni neighbourhoods in Baghdad depopulated or abandoned and which transformed the capital into a predominantly Shiʿite city. American withdrawal from Iraq was dictated by the need to redeploy US military personnel and material in Afghanistan, which coincided with a new rhetorical framework under Barack Obama for working with the Islamic world that diverged from George W. Bush's categorizations under his ‘War on Terror’ as well as the recommendations of the new May 2010 National Security Strategy, which set down the broad outlines for withdrawal. Despite the formal military withdrawal, a palpable American presence remains in Iraq through private security firms as well as a constellation of various agreements and deals concluded with mega-corporations and other, not to mention the largest US embassy in the world with its various support apparatuses. While the troop withdrawal of regular forces has taken place and permitted redeployment in Afghanistan, the ways which the Americans have devised to remain behind are many and their de facto presence, albeit in more ‘civil’ forms, is still very much a ‘fact on the ground’.
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Harvey, David. "Organizing for the Anti-Capitalist Transition Organizándose Para la Transición Anticapitalista." Human Geography 3, no. 1 (2010): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861000300101.
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The current crisis originated in steps taken to resolve the crisis of the 1970s. The political forces that coalesced and mobilized behind these measures had a distinctive class character, and clothed themselves in the vestments of a distinctive ideology called neoliberalism. While this ideology rested upon the idea that free markets, free trade, personal initiative and entrepreneurialism were the best guarantors of individual liberty and freedom, and that the “nanny state” should be dismantled for the benefit of all, neoliberal practice meant that the state must stand behind the integrity of financial institutions, thus massively introducing “moral hazard” into the financial system. The resulting system amounts to a veritable form of communism for the capitalist class. Capitalism can survive the present trauma, and the capitalist class can reproduce its power, but the mass of the people will have to surrender their wages, many of their rights and hard-won asset values to those in power and to suffer environmental degradations, to say nothing of serial reductions in their living standards, which means starvation for many of those already struggling to survive at rock bottom. This may require more than a little political repression, police violence and militarized state control to stifle unrest. Yet crises are moments of paradox and possibilities. So how can the left negotiate the dynamics of this crisis? It has long been the dream of many in the world, that an alternative to capitalist irrationality can be defined, and rationally arrived at, through the mobilization of human passions in the collective search for a better life for all. These alternatives – historically called socialism or communism – have been tried in various times and places. But in recent times both have lost their luster. We urgently need an explicit revolutionary theory suited to our times. I propose a “co-revolutionary theory” derived from an understanding of Marx's account of how capitalism arose out of feudalism. Social change arises through the dialectical unfolding of relations among seven moments within the body politic of capitalism viewed as an ensemble or assemblage of activities and practices: a) technological and organizational forms of production, exchange and consumption; b) relations to nature; c) social relations among people; d) mental conceptions of the world, embracing knowledges and cultural understandings and beliefs; e) labor processes and production of specific goods, geographies, services or affects; f) institutional, legal and governmental arrangements; g) the conduct of daily life that underpins social reproduction. An anti-capitalist political movement can start in any of these. The trick is to keep the political movement moving from one moment to another in mutually reinforcing ways. The left has to look to build alliances between and across those working in the distinctive spheres. Yet the current knowledge structure is clearly dysfunctional and illegitimate. Revolutionary transformations cannot be accomplished without, at the very minimum, changing our ideas, abandoning cherished beliefs and prejudices, giving up various daily comforts and rights, submitting to some new daily life regimen, changing our social and political roles, reassigning our rights, duties and responsibilities and altering our behaviors to better conform to collective needs and a common will. The world around us – our geographies – must be radically re-shaped, as must our social relations, the relation to nature and all of the other moments in the co-revolutionary process. There are various broad fractious currents of thought on the left as to how to address the problems that now confront us. Much work has to be done to coalesce these various tendencies around the underlying question: can the world change materially, socially, mentally and politically in such a way as to confront, not only the dire state of social and natural relations in so many parts of the world, but also the perpetuation of endless compound growth? Communists, Marx and Engels averred, in their original conception laid out in The Communist Manifesto, have no political party. They simply constitute themselves at all times and in all places as those who understand the limits, failings and destructive tendencies of the capitalist order, as well as the innumerable ideological masks and false legitimations that capitalists and their apologists (particularly in the media) produce in order to perpetuate their singular class power. Communists are all those who work incessantly to produce a different future to that which capitalism portends. While traditional institutionalized communism is as good as dead and buried there are, by this definition, millions of de facto communists active among us, willing to act upon their understandings, ready to creatively pursue anti-capitalist imperatives. If, as the alternative globalization movement of the late 1990s declared, ‘another world is possible’ then why not also say ‘another communism is possible'?
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STAVSKA, Yulia. "THE DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN UKRAINE." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 2 (42) (February 2019): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-2-4.
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In the context of globalization, the sphere of tourism becomes more and more important, since it is one of the most profitable and dynamic branches of the world economy of the country. Tourism contributes to the growth of employment, accelerates the diversification of the economy, because this sphere covers more than 50 branches of the national economy, therefore the innovation of the tourist sphere should become its constant component. In addition, tourism not only preserves, but also develops the cultural potential of the country and the population, harmonize relations between different peoples and contributes to the friendly use of the environment. Indicators of its profitability indicate the importance of tourism for the development of economy, namely: 8% of world exports and 30% of world services sales, as well as annual growth of world tourist flows by 4-5%. However, Ukraine loses significantly in the competition, lagging behind the leading countries of the world in terms of development of tourist infrastructure and the quality of tourist services. Financial and economic crisis that has been continuing in recent years, the events associated with annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and anti-terrorist operation on the territory of Donetsk and Luhansk regions had a negative impact on the tourism flows, the tourism structure and tourist opportunities of the country both on the domestic and the external tourism market. In addition, Ukrainians have recently received the possibility of visa-free travel to the countries of the European Union, which will also lead to the increase in outbound tourism, and a reduction in the entrance. In this regard, it is necessary to introduce innovations in the development of tourism in Ukraine in order to attract visitors. Innovation in tourism "involves developing an original approach, developing new ways to use existing resources while seeking new ones";. Typization of innovation in tourism is developed by Abernathy and Clark, who distinguish 4 types of innovations: regular, niche, revolutionary and architectural. Regular innovations refer to the continuous improvement of the quality of services, the improvement of personnel skills and productivity. Niches innovations usually change the structure of cooperation, but not basic knowledge and skills; they combine existing services in a new way. Revolutionary innovations are associated with the use of new technologies in firms, the development of new methods; they have a radical impact on the key knowledge and skills of the staff up to the appearance of new occupations in the sector. Architectural innovations change the structure, business model and rules in tourism; they create new events and objects that require reorganization, chang physical or institutional infrastructure, research and training facilities. One of the main directions of innovation is the development of sustainable tourism. Destination (tourist areas) are beginning to create a management system for tourism resources and use them in the planning of territorial development. Recently, it became clear that the directions of innovation in tourism are increasingly becoming a systemic nature, when tourism turns from the industry into a "public enterprise";, which involves a variety of institutional stakeholders: government, business, local communities, science and education. At the same time, the remarkable thing is that the more the system of tourism management varies from industrial to post-industrial, the greater the innovative potential has the sphere of tourism, the greater the extent of tourism shifts from mass to individualized. This is due to the smaller segmentation of the market and the emergence of many niche, specialized services and tourist products. There is adaptation of tourism infrastructure, buildings and equipment for the needs of such new, growing groups of tourists as children, the elderly and the disabled. The innovations in the tourism industry, according to Novikov V.S., “are the result of actions aimed at creating a new or changing existing tourist product, developing new markets, using advanced information and telecommunication technologies, improving the provision of tourist, transport and hotel services, creating strategic alliances for realization of tourist business, introduction of modern forms of organizational and managerial activity of tourist enterprises”. In general, tourism is a multi-vector industry, which can create some difficulties in introducing innovations. At the same time, certain areas of tourism activity are impossible without the use of innovative technologies, in particular, information and computer technologies. Effective administrative work of tourism enterprises involves the application of various facilities, as Ukrainian travel agencies are widely using the information sector, in the form of messages, and the virtual sector of travel in global networks. Studies conducted in the field of tourism demonstrate the "consumer nature" of information innovation, while tourism is not a producer in this field. According to preliminary estimates, the cost of the initiative tour operators in Ukraine for maintaining an on-line booking system is about 2% of the cost of services sold. Sales of entertainment and recreation tours provide about 3.3 million dollars. US annually spent money on developing, maintaining and filling in the information support system. Common directions of the use of innovative technologies in tourism are: mobile Internet, catalogs of electronic offers, on-line booking not only for retail agencies, but also directly for clients. Further development of innovation activity is the development of new ideas for promotion of tourist product, development of new tourist routes, availability of information to the consumer, software, etc.
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"CAS-MI Laboratories forms alliance with Chemical Dynamics." Pigment & Resin Technology 39, no. 1 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt.2010.12939aab.015.
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Piper, Nicola, and Laura Foley. "Global partnerships in governing labour migration: the uneasy relationship between the ILO and IOM in the promotion of decent work for migrants." Global Public Policy and Governance, July 27, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43508-021-00022-x.
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AbstractThis paper examines the multi-actor and multi-sited character of global labour migration governance as a sphere in which various organisations seek influence on the direction of global policy via various methods. We focus on the relational dynamics between the two key organisations which engage in the governance of labour migration, yet which have fundamentally different mandates and modes for governing: the ILO and the IOM. This paper contributes to the existing literature on global migration governance and the role of international organisations by applying the concept of ‘global partnerships’ to our examination of the relationship between those two key international organisations in the field of migration. We characterise the evolving ILO–IOM global partnership as an uneasy alliance along a “competition/clash-cooperation spectrum” and argue that, in order to manage the competing-cooperating dynamics, a type of strategic ILO–IOM partnership has emerged, an alliance which has also been driven by the blurring of public and private realms in new global migration governing forms and formats. The ultimate question raised by these developments is whether this global partnership will promote or obstruct the advancement of the decent work policy agenda for migrant workers.
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Della Seta, Fabrizio. "«MA INFINE NELLA VITA TUTTO È MORTE!» COSA CI RACCONTA IL TROVATORE?" Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio, January 25, 2013, 57–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/incontri.2013.120.
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One of the best loved of Verdi’s operas, Il trovatore has accumulated a considerable critical literature, and yet commentators have rarely enquired into its ‘meaning’, apparently out of the conviction that, precisely because it is a pre-eminently ‘popular’ work, it has no particular ideological, social or indeed human message to convey. One received opinion concerning the opera is that it has an obscure libretto: much of the story refers to a prior event that is not presented on stage. We know that Manrico and the Conte di Luna have clashed, but we don’t know how often, or anything about the dynamic of this confrontation, while Manrico’s true identity remains elusive. However, rather than condemning the intrinsic absurdity of Il Trovatore, we would do better to view this as a structural characteristic. The evocation of facts from the past and the lack of clarity concerning their chronological order allude to a temporal structure typical of traditional narrations in which the distinction between before and after and the relationship of cause and effect are ignored. Personal identity is not a problem for the logic of the emotions, which has no knowledge of the principle of non-contradiction, according to Freud’s theory of the unconscious as developed by Ignacio Matte Blanco. In applying this principle to the theory of literature, Francesco Orlando revealed the formal procedures by which the work of art achieves the reinstatement of contents that have been repressed on account of social censorship, attenuating them and disguising them to make them acceptable. This essay argues that in Il Trovatore poet and musician have given scenic and musical form to an idea that is central in Western, and particularly Romantic, imagination, one which Freud reformulated in his maturity: the presence, in human nature, of an inextricable alliance of the urge to live and the death drive (in mythological terms, of Eros and Thanatos). These two impulses are incarnated in variable proportions in all four protagonists, with a progression that culminates in the absolute predominance of the death wish in Leonora. This thesis is verified by means of an analysis focusing on both the verbal components of the drama’s message – including a comparison with the Spanish play on which the opera is based – and the function of the musical components, in particular the virtuoso vocal writing assigned to Leonora. This interpretation requires a revision of the position usually attributed to Il Trovatore in Verdi’s creative development as a retrospective work. Precisely the systematic use of old-fashioned vocal forms and styles denotes a new phase in the composer’s parabola, as the tenacious adhesion to life and love of the heroes of the youthful operas, even when defeated, gives way to the disillusionment and quest for «peace» and «forgetfulness» that characterise Verdi’s mature and last works.
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Anner, Mark, Matthew Fischer-Daly, and Michael Maffie. "Fissured Employment and Network Bargaining: Emerging Employment Relations Dynamics in a Contingent World of Work." ILR Review, October 14, 2020, 001979392096418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793920964180.
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For decades, direct employment relationships have been increasingly displaced by indirect employment relationships through networks of firms and layers of managerial control. The firm strategies driving these changes are organizational, geographic, and technological in nature and are facilitated by state policies. The resulting weakening of traditional forms of collective bargaining and worker power have led workers to counter by organizing broader alliances and complementing structural and associational power with symbolic power and state-oriented strategies through what the authors term “network bargaining.” These dynamics point to the limitations of dominant theories and frameworks for understanding employment relations and suggest a new approach that focuses on a range of direct and indirect work relationships, evolving forms of worker power, and networked patterns of worker–employer interactions.
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Savić, Bojan, Nataša Obradović, and Ivan Milojević. "KLJUČNA PITANJA PREVOĐENJA FINANSIJSKIH IZVEŠTAJA MULTINACIONALNIH KOMPANIJA." Facta Universitatis, Series: Economics and Organization, September 27, 2019, 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fueo1902183s.
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Circumstances, which include international trade intensification, development of various forms of business cooperation outside national borders - co-production, transfer of technology, joint ventures, strategic alliances, direct foreign investments, and dynamic changes in the business environment, require the management of a company to change its focus, from a local to a global approach. Multinational companies are business leaders in a global framework. The aim of this paper is to highlight the key challenges that multinational companies face when translating foreign currency transactions and the financial statements of foreign business operations for the purpose of compiling consolidated financial statements. In addition, the paper examines whether the chosen functional currency and the exchange rate can be viewed as instruments of their financial reporting policy?
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Powell, Katie, Amy Barnes, Rachel Anderson de Cuevas, et al. "Power, control, communities and health inequalities III: participatory spaces—an English case." Health Promotion International, December 31, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daaa059.
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Summary This article—third in a series of three—uses theoretical frameworks described in Part 1, and empirical markers reported in Part 2, to present evidence on how power dynamics shifted during the early years of a major English community empowerment initiative. We demonstrate how the capabilities disadvantaged communities require to exercise collective control over decisions/actions impacting on their lives and health (conceptualized as emancipatory power) and the exercise of power over these communities (conceptualized as limiting power) were shaped by the characteristics of participatory spaces created by and/or associated with this initiative. Two main types of participatory spaces were identified: governance and sense-making. Though all forms of emancipatory power emerged in all spaces, some were more evident in particular spaces. In governance spaces, the development and enactment of ‘power to’ emerged as residents made formal decisions on action, allocated resources and managed accountability. Capabilities for alliance building—power with—were more likely to emerge in these spaces, as was residents’ resistance to the exercise of institutional power over them. In contrast, in sense-making spaces residents met informally and ‘made sense’ of local issues and their ability to influence these. These processes led to the development of power within capabilities and power to resist stigmatizing forms of productive power. The findings highlight the importance of designing community initiatives that: nurture diverse participatory spaces; attend to connectivity between spaces; and identify and act on existing power dynamics undermining capabilities for collective control in disadvantaged communities.
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Guchua, Alika. "ASYMMETRICAL THREATS AND THE IMPACT OF HYBRID WAR ON GLOBAL SECURITY AND ROLE OF NATO IN ENSURING PEACE." Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33674/2201811.
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Abstract: The article deals with new type of asymmetric warfare and hybrid war. The potential threats in international politics and global security issues, Euro-Atlantic Alliance policy of fighting against terrorism. A serious challenge to modern security creates many problems around the world. The beginning of the twenty-first century was marked by proliferation of hybrid wars, held between flexible and sophisticated adversaries engaged in asymmetric conflicts using various forms. The hybrid war is caused by a hybrid threat, a blend of military and non-military assets and operations, terrorism, guerrilla tactics, criminality and cyber attacks. The use of hybrid type tactics can ensure the achievement of the main objectives of an international actor, with a minimum of effort, usually without using the force, and can deny to the target/victim the possibility to take any defensive actions. The complexity, diversity, the nature and dynamics of contemporary conflicts represent challenges that should be widely studied. The war, be it ancient or modern, hybrid or not, is always complex and cannot be described by a single adjective. The work focuses on the role of NATO in ensuring peace worldwide in the context of new asymmetric threats. The aim of the research topic: analyzing global challenges, which pose a serious threat to international security.