Journal articles: 'Dynamic and structural geology'

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Li, Chun Feng, and Qing Yin Zhao. "Analysis of Dynamic Setting about Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano Future Eruption." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 3934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.3934.

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Dynamic setting analysis of Tianchi Volcano future eruption is discussed by combining the analysis result of focal mechanism with that of structural geology. Analyzing anatectic earthquake focal mechanism shows that subduction of West Pacific Plate to the northeast of China makes the Tianchi Volcano region appear to press west-eastward. And analyzing focal mechanism of near-surface foci earthquake tells us that in the region, direction of the axis of the largest principal compression stress is NEE. The research result of structural geology displays that NWW faults around Tianchi is very active since Epipleistocene. Tianchi Volcano future eruption can be controlled by subduction of West Pacific Plate and strike-slip faulting along the NWW. In the end, the dynamic setting of Tianchi Volcano future eruption is put forward.

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Meng, Ning Ning, Guang Xue Zhang, Gao Qun Wei, and Xin Lv. "Study on Three-Dimensional Geological Modeling of Reservoir in Hei46 Block." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2349.

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Three dimensional (3D) geologic modeling is used to study the reservoir quantitatively from a three-dimensional angle, and its core is the prediction to reservoir of multi-disciplinary integration, quantitative and visualization. Compared with traditional reservoir research, it has a significant advantage. This paper makes geological modeling research and builds structural models sedimentary micro-facies models and phased property model for Hei46 block of Daqingzi oilfield by utilizing 3D geologic modeling technique and petrel software on the basis of integrated using of geology, logging, oil production test, production of dynamic information, thus it provide a reliable basis for reservoir's development and adjustment.

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Yu, Jiang Tao, Jin Liang Zhang, and Shuang Yan Chen. "Application of Three-Dimensional Fine Geological Modeling in Complex Fault-Block Reservoir with Low Permeability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.779.

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Three dimensional geologic modeling is a powerful tool for reservoir development stages of geological study, it can solves many traditional problems existing in geological research through the establishment of precise three dimensional geologic modeling and represents an important direction for the further development of oilfield geological research. Low permeability and thin interbed reservoir of complex fault block have the characteristics of severe heterogeneity, complex relations of oil-water distribution, poor development effect, it is necessary to built high precision three dimensional geologic modeling in the process of oilfield exploration and to fine reservoir description and prediction on this basis, finally reach the purpose of reduce the risk of development and improve the economic benefit. This paper makes geological modeling research and builds structural models sedimentary micro-facies models and phased property model for Zhuzhuang block of Jiangsu oilfield by utilizing three dimensional geologic modeling technique and petrel geology modeling software on the basis of integrated using of geology, logging, oil production test, production of dynamic information, thus it provide a solid basis for reservoir's development and adjustment.

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Wang, H., K. Tian, B. Ma, H. Zhang, R. Zhang, and D. Li. "Study on the Dynamic Structural Parameters and Dynamic Structural Constitutive Relation of Intact Loess." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 58, no. 2 (May 2021): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11204-021-09713-3.

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Kalimbetov, G., A. Toigozhinovа, and W. Wojcik. "DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURAL SCHEMES AND OPERATION ALGORITHMS FOR THE AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENERGY COMPLEX." Series of Geology and Technical Sciences 445, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-170x.12.

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Among the promising automatic control systems, logical-dynamic control systems that change both the structure and parameters of the control device using switches formed on the basis of a certain logical algorithm have proven themselves well. The use of logical algorithms as part of MACS subsystems for complex technical objects makes it possible to increase the static and dynamic accuracy of control due to purposeful qualitative and quantitative changes in the control signal. This approach will give the control system fundamentally new properties that allow to fully take into account the nature and dynamics of the movement of the control object. When developing existing logical control algorithms, the issues of their application for multi-connected and multifunctional objects control were not considered. Common to existing logical algorithms is that when switching the structure and/or changing parameters, only the dynamics of its own subsystem is taken into account, which is unacceptable in the case of multi-connected dynamic object control, since cross-links have a significant impact on the quality of control. Thus, the problem of synthesis of logical algorithms for multi-connected objects control is an actual theoretical and applied problem. Despite the considerable amount of research conducted in this area, the application of logical algorithms for complex multidimensional objects control is not sufficiently considered, and there is no unified design concept for this type of MACS, taking into account the required quality of functioning in various operating modes. In this regard, there is a need to synthesize algorithms for logical multi-connected control that form control signals in order to coordinate the actions of all separate MACS subsystems in accordance with new external conditions and operating modes. The problem under consideration determined the purpose of this work and the research objectives.

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Leger, P., and E. L. Wilson. "Modal summation methods for structural dynamic computations." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 16, no. 1 (January 1988): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290160103.

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Baker, Jack W. "Efficient Analytical Fragility Function Fitting Using Dynamic Structural Analysis." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 1 (February 2015): 579–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/021113eqs025m.

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Estimation of fragility functions using dynamic structural analysis is an important step in a number of seismic assessment procedures. This paper discusses the applicability of statistical inference concepts for fragility function estimation, describes appropriate fitting approaches for use with various structural analysis strategies, and studies how to fit fragility functions while minimizing the required number of structural analyses. Illustrative results show that multiple stripe analysis produces more efficient fragility estimates than incremental dynamic analysis for a given number of structural analyses, provided that some knowledge of the building's capacity is available prior to analysis so that relevant portions of the fragility curve can be approximately identified. This finding has other benefits, given that the multiple stripe analysis approach allows for different ground motions to be used for analyses at varying intensity levels, to represent the differing characteristics of low-intensity and high-intensity shaking. The proposed assessment approach also provides a framework for evaluating alternate analysis procedures that may arise in the future.

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Savoia, Marco, and Loris Vincenzi. "Differential Evolution Algorithm for Dynamic Structural Identification." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 12, no. 5 (June 6, 2008): 800–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460701574738.

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Dai, Yuting, Linpeng Wang, Chao Yang, and Xintan Zhang. "Dynamic Gust Load Analysis for Rotors." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5727028.

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Dynamic load of helicopter rotors due to gust directly affects the structural stress and flight performance for helicopters. Based on a large deflection beam theory, an aeroelastic model for isolated helicopter rotors in the time domain is constructed. The dynamic response and structural load for a rotor under the impulse gust and slope-shape gust are calculated, respectively. First, a nonlinear Euler beam model with 36 degrees-of-freedoms per element is applied to depict the structural dynamics for an isolated rotor. The generalized dynamic wake model and Leishman-Beddoes dynamic stall model are applied to calculate the nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic forces on rotors. Then, we transformed the differential aeroelastic governing equation to an algebraic one. Hence, the widely used Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm is employed to simulate the dynamic gust load. An isolated helicopter rotor with four blades is studied to validate the structural model and the aeroelastic model. The modal frequencies based on the Euler beam model agree well with published ones by CAMRAD. The flap deflection due to impulse gust with the speed of 2m/s increases twice to the one without gust. In this numerical example, results indicate that the bending moment at the blade root is alleviated due to elastic effect.

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Vamvatsikos, Dimitrios, and C. Allin Cornell. "Applied Incremental Dynamic Analysis." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 2 (May 2004): 523–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1737737.

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We are presenting a practical and detailed example of how to perform incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), interpret the results and apply them to performance-based earthquake engineering. IDA is an emerging analysis method that offers thorough seismic demand and capacity prediction capability by using a series of nonlinear dynamic analyses under a multiply scaled suite of ground motion records. Realization of its opportunities requires several steps and the use of innovative techniques at each one of them. Using a nine-story steel moment-resisting frame with fracturing connections as a test bed, the reader is guided through each step of IDA: (1) choosing suitable ground motion intensity measures and representative damage measures, (2) using appropriate algorithms to select the record scaling, (3) employing proper interpolation and (4) summarization techniques for multiple records to estimate the probability distribution of the structural demand given the seismic intensity, and (5) defining limit-states, such as the dynamic global system instability, to calculate the corresponding capacities. Finally, (6) the results can be used to gain intuition for the structural behavior, highlighting the connection between the static pushover (SPO) and the dynamic response, or (7) they can be integrated with conventional probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) to estimate mean annual frequencies of limit-state exceedance. Building upon this detailed example based on the nine-story structure, a complete commentary is provided, discussing the choices that are available to the user, and showing their implications for each step of the IDA.

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Le Nard, H., and P. Bailly. "Dynamic behaviour of concrete: the structural effects on compressive strength increase." Mechanics of Cohesive-frictional Materials 5, no. 6 (2000): 491–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1484(200008)5:6<491::aid-cfm106>3.0.co;2-r.

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Araki, Y., and K. D. Hjelmstad. "Criteria for assessing dynamic collapse of elastoplastic structural systems." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 29, no. 8 (2000): 1177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-9845(200008)29:8<1177::aid-eqe963>3.0.co;2-e.

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Kalliontzis, Dimitrios, Arturo E. Schultz, and Sri Sritharan. "Generalized dynamic analysis of structural single rocking walls (SRWs)." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 49, no. 7 (February 5, 2020): 633–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3257.

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Nour-Omid, B., and M. E. Regelbrugge. "Lanczos method for dynamic analysis of damped structural systems." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 18, no. 8 (November 1989): 1091–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290180802.

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Talbot, Kenneth C., Lawrence D. Reaveley, and Chris P. Pantelides. "Structural Performance of Stapled Wood Shear Walls Under Dynamic Cyclic Loads." Earthquake Spectra 25, no. 1 (February 2009): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3050104.

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Wood shear walls are the most common element in the lateral force-resisting system of residential construction. Recent developments have made the use of staples, as a sheathing-to-stud connection, much more feasible and practical. Dynamic cyclic tests of wood shear walls using staples as connectors of sheathing to the studs were performed to determine load and displacement capacities. Enhanced details from standard construction were used to improve the performance of the global system including a double sill plate, a new refined panel corner detail, double staples along blocked edges, and backup bolts for hold-downs. At the strength level, the stapled wood shear walls with enhanced details performed above the International Building Code-IBC (ICC 2006) regarding peak load capacity; however, peak drift capacity was 88% of the specified capacity. The test results were used to determine acceptance criteria, which were compared to the ASCE 41-06 Standard for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings (ASCE 2007).

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Du, Xiuli, and di Zeng. "Structural physical parameter identification based on evolutionary-simplex algorithm and structural dynamic response." Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2, no. 2 (December 2003): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11803-003-0006-8.

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Wang, Chenlong, Changsuo Zhang, Xiaodong Zhao, Lin Liao, and Shengli Zhang. "Dynamic structural evolution of overlying strata during shallow coal seam longwall mining." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 103 (March 2018): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.01.014.

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Tondut, Jeanne, J. Geoffrey Chase, and Cong Zhou. "Automated structural dynamic modelling using model-free health monitoring results." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.53.4.189-202.

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) methods provide damage metrics and localisation, but not a means of answering subsequent questions concerning immediate or long-term damage mitigation, risk, or safety in re-occupancy. Models based on the SHM results would provide a means to test these issues, but typically require extensive human input, which is not available immediately after an event to enhance and optimise immediate decision-making. This work presents a simple, readily automated modelling approach to translate SHM results from the proven hysteresis loop analysis (HLA) method into foundation models for immediate use. Experimental data from a 3-storey structure tested at the E-Defense facility in Japan are used to assess model performance. The model’s ability to capture the essential dynamics is assessed by comparing peak dynamic displacement and cross correlation coefficient (Rcoeff). For all 6 events, 3 storeys, and 2 directions, median (5-95% Range) of peak displacement error was 0.82 (0.17, 4.09) mm, and average Rcoeff = 0.82, all of which were significantly improved if the worst event was excluded. Overall, accurate nonlinear, time-varying baseline models were created using data from SHM damage identification and localisation methods using relatively quite simple model structures. The method is readily automated via algorithm, and the models were suitable for initial investigation and analysis on safety, damage mitigation, and thus re-occupancy. Such models could take SHM from being a tool for damage identification and extend it into further decision-making, creating far greater utility for engineers and owners, which could further spur impetus for investment in monitoring.

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Rodgers, Geoffrey W., Oliver Mesnil, Jose Chanchi, Gregory A. MacRae, Charles Clifton, and J. Geoffrey Chase. "Generalised nonlinear modeling of unstable stick-slip force reduction effects in friction energy dissipation devices." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.47.3.217-223.

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The Sliding Hinge Joint (SHJ) is an Asymmetric Friction Connection (AFC) developed to create a repeatable, efficient means of dissipating seismic response energy and reducing structural damage without yielding of the structural frame elements. Testing has demonstrated stable efficient hysteretic behaviour. However, it is necessary to fully characterise their dynamic behaviour including any less stable aspects observed in the response of these devices for selected materials. This observed behaviour may reduce device force and energy dissipation, creating an influence on the overall structure that should be fully understood and accounted for in design. This research models the hysteretic behaviour of a SHJ with a zinc anti-corrosion coating that demonstrates less than fully stable experimental dynamic behaviour in contrast to many other SHJ material choices. The model developed uses a stick-slip mechanism based on a variable friction coefficient to capture the observed dynamics with an overall Menegotto-Pinto dynamic hysteretic model. The overall results show how the model may be realistically extended to a more general model that captures observed non-linear dynamics in these and similar friction devices, and yield new insight and design tools for use with these devices.

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Lemaire, Emilie, Anne-Sophie Mreyen, Anja Dufresne, and Hans-Balder Havenith. "Analysis of the Influence of Structural Geology on the Massive Seismic Slope Failure Potential Supported by Numerical Modelling." Geosciences 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080323.

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The stability of rock slopes is often guided significantly by the structural geology of the rocks composing the slope. In this work, we analysed the influences of structural characteristics, and of their seismic responses, on large and deep-seated rock slope failure development. The study was focused on the Tamins and Fernpass rockslides in the European Alps and on the Balta and Eagle’s Lake rockslides in the southeastern Carpathians. These case studies were compared with catastrophic rock slope failures with ascertained or very likely seismic origin in the Tien Shan Mountains. The main goals was to identify indicators for seismically-induced rock slope failures based on the source zone rock structures and failure scar geometry. We present examples of failures in anti-dip slopes and along-strike rock structures that were potentially (or partially) caused by seismic triggering, and we also considered a series of mixed structural types, which are more difficult to interpret conclusively. Our morpho-structural study was supported by distinct element numerical modelling that showed that seismic shaking typically induces deep-seated deformation in initially “stable” rock slopes. In addition, for failures partially triggered by dynamic shaking, these studies can help identify the contribution of the seismic factor to slope instability. The identification of the partial seismic origin on the basis of the dynamic response of rock structures can be particularly interesting for case histories in less seismically active mountain regions (in comparison with the Andes, Tien Shan, Pamirs), such as in the European Alps and the Carpathian Mountains.

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Patton, Regan L., and A. John Watkinson. "Structural interpretation of gravity, topography and seismicity." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 487, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 315–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp487.13.

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AbstractGlobal geophysical observations constrain all theories of terrestrial dynamics. We jointly interpret EGM2008 gravity, RET2014 topography and the Global Centroid Moment Tensor database from a structural point of view. We hypothesize that lateral variations of gravity and topography reflect the scale-dependent competence of rocks. We compare the spectral and spatial characteristics of the observed fields with structural predictions from the mechanics of differential grade-2 (DG-2) materials. The results indicate that these viscoelastic materials are a powerful tool for exploring dynamic processes in the Earth. We demonstrate that the known spectral range of Earth's gravity and topography can be explained by the folding, shear banding, faulting and differentiation of the crust, lithosphere and mantle. We show that the low-amplitude long-wavelength bias apparent in the disturbance field can be explained by perturbations to Earth's overall ellipsoidal shape, induced by internal slab loading of the mantle. We find by examining the directional isotropy of the data that the zonal energy in Earth's gravity disturbance is maximized about an axis coincident with the shape-perturbation minimum. The symmetry of tectonic features about this axis, extending from eastern Borneo to Brazil, and its coincidence with the equator suggest the coupling of current plate motions to true polar wander.

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Veeger, Anne I., Daniel P. Murray, O. Don Hermes, Jon C. Boothroyd, and Nasir Hamidzada. "Geographic Information System-Based Digital Catalog for Managing Subsurface Geotechnical and Geologic Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1821, no. 1 (January 2003): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1821-11.

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Knowledge of surface and subsurface geology and geotechnical properties is fundamental to planning, developing, and modernizing transportation systems. Through dynamic coupling of readily available areal geographic information system coverages and subsurface borehole data stored in a relational database, a spatially referenced digital catalog of borehole data was created for two pilot areas in Rhode Island. The borehole database was populated with data derived from Rhode Island Department of Transportation geotechnical reports and supplemental data from the U.S. Geological Survey groundwater site inventory system and local storm water and sewer projects. Most of these data were previously maintained in paper format, making historical or interproject data comparisons virtually impossible. Unification of these data in a single relational database yields two primary benefits: ( a) historical data are readily accessible for review and therefore can be incorporated easily into the planning stages of new projects and ( b) sophisticated analysis of the region becomes possible with access to data from multiple projects with both spatial and temporal coverage. Geologic data include bedrock geology, surface outcrops, unconsolidated materials, soil type, topographic and orthophotographic base maps, and location of boreholes and wells. Subsurface data include land surface elevation, depth to water table, depth to bedrock, presence of fill, high and low blow-count zones, and organic sediment. The digital catalog is distributed on a CD-ROM that includes ArcView project files and an Access relational database. The borehole data are also accessible through the Internet, with retrieval access for all users and data entry privileges for registered users.

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Celik, Ozan Cem, Haluk Sucuoğlu, and Ugurhan Akyuz. "Forced Vibration Testing and Finite Element Modeling of a Nine-Story Reinforced Concrete Flat Plate-Wall Building." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 2 (May 2015): 1069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/091212eqs287m.

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Tunnel form buildings, owing to their higher construction speed and quality, lower cost, and superior earthquake resistance over that of conventional reinforced concrete buildings, have been widely used for mass housing, urban renewal, and post-earthquake reconstruction projects all over the world as well as in Turkey. However, there have been few dynamic tests performed on existing buildings with this structural system. This study investigates the dynamic structural properties of a typical nine-story reinforced concrete flat plate-wall building by forced vibration testing and develops its three-dimensional (3-D) linear elastic finite element structural model. The finite element model that uses the modulus of elasticity for concrete in ACI 318 predicts the natural vibration periods well. Mode shapes are also in good agreement with the test results. Door and window openings in the shear walls, and the basement with peripheral wall emerge as modeling considerations that have the most significant impact on structural system dynamic properties.

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Çakmak, A. Ş. "Structural dynamics." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 14, no. 2 (January 1995): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-7261(95)90000-4.

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Fernandez-Barranco, Cristina, Anna E. Kozioł, Marek Drewniak, and Africa Yebra-Rodriguez. "Structural characterization of sepiolite/polyamide6,6 nanocomposites by means of static and dynamic thermal methods." Applied Clay Science 153 (March 2018): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.12.025.

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Tung, Albert T. Y., and Anne S. Kiremidjian. "Application of System Reliability Theory in the Seismic Analysis of Structures." Earthquake Spectra 8, no. 3 (August 1992): 471–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585691.

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This paper presents a system reliability based analysis method for evaluating the seismic safety/reliability of structures. The seismic analysis procedure developed represents a practical approach in quantifying the risk of structural failure due to seismic hazard. The procedure developed is for framed structures consisting of discrete-state elements. The probabilistic modeling of the seismic load utilizes the hazard curve of the region and the dynamic amplification factor spectrum matching the local geologic condition. The loadings in the structural components are obtained based on a quasi-dynamic analysis and the identification and computation of the component and system failure probabilities are implemented in the software package FAILSF. For illustrative purposes, an elevated liquid storage vessel was used for the application of the seismic analysis procedure.

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Corbi, Ileana, Ottavia Corbi, and Haitao Li. "Convolutive PD controller for hybrid improvement of dynamic structural systems." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 137 (October 2020): 106255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106255.

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Çelebi, Mehmet, and Ahmet Sanli. "GPS in Pioneering Dynamic Monitoring of Long-Period Structures." Earthquake Spectra 18, no. 1 (February 2002): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1461375.

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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with 10–20-Hz sampling rates allows scientifically justified dynamic measurements of relative displacements of long-period structures. The displacement response of a simulated tall building in real time and permanent deployment of GPS units at the roof of a building are described. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first permanent deployment of GPS units (in the world) for continuous dynamic monitoring of a tall building. Data recorded from the building during a windy day is analyzed to determine the structural characteristics. When recorded during extreme motions caused by earthquakes and strong winds, such measurements can be used to compute average drift ratios and changes in dynamic characteristics, and therefore can be used by engineers and building owners or managers to assess the structural integrity and performance by establishing pre-established thresholds. Such information can be used to secure public safety and/or take steps to improve the performance of the building.

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Naggar, M. Hesham El, and Kevin J. Bentley. "Dynamic analysis for laterally loaded piles and dynamic p-y curves." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 1166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-058.

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Pile foundations are often subjected to lateral dynamic loading due to forces on the supported structure. In this study, a simple two-dimensional analysis was developed to accurately model the pile response to dynamic loads. The proposed model incorporates the static p-y curve approach (where p is the static soil reaction and y is the pile deflection) and the plane strain assumptions to represent the soil reactions within the frame of a Winkler model. The p-y curves are used to relate pile deflections to the nonlinear soil reactions. Wave propagation and energy dissipation are also accounted for along with discontinuity conditions at the pile-soil interface. The inclusion of damping with the static unit transfer curves results in increased soil resistance, thus producing "dynamic p-y curves." The dynamic p-y curves are a function of the static p-y curve and velocity of the soil particles at a given depth and frequency of loading. The proposed model was used to analyze the pile response to the lateral Statnamic load test, and the predicted response compared well with the measured response. Closed-form solutions for dynamic p-y curves were established by curve fitting the dynamic soil reactions for a range of soil types and loading frequencies. These solutions can be used to model soil reactions for pile vibration problems in readily available finite element analysis (FEA) and dynamic structural analysis packages. A simple spring and dashpot model was also proposed to be used in equivalent linear analyses of transient pile response. The proposed models were incorporated into an FEA program (ANSYS) which was used to compute the response of a laterally loaded pile. The computed responses compared well with the predictions of the two-dimensional analysis.Key words: dynamic, transient, lateral, piles, p-y curves, inertial interaction.

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Wilson, E. L., and A. Habibullah. "Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Story Buildings, Including P-Delta Effects." Earthquake Spectra 3, no. 2 (May 1987): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585429.

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The P-Delta phenomenon is an area of concern to structural engineers. Traditional methods for incorporating P-Delta effects in analysis are based on iterative techniques. These techniques are time-consuming and are in general used for static analysis only. For building structures, the mass, which causes the P-Delta effect, is constant irrespective of the lateral loads and displacements. This information is used to linearize the P-Delta effect for buildings and solve the problem “exactly”, satisfying equilibrium in the deformed position, without iterations. An algorithm is developed that incorporates the P-Delta effects into the basic formulation of the structural stiffness matrix as a geometric stiffness correction. This procedure can be used for both static and dynamic analysis and will account for the lengthening of the structural time periods and changes in mode shapes due to P-Delta effects. The algorithm can be directly incorporated into building analysis programs.

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Ismael, G., M. López-Aenlle, F. Pelayo, and A. Fernández-Canteli. "Dynamic Behavior of Supported Structures from Free-Free Modal Tests Using Structural Dynamic Modification." Shock and Vibration 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3130292.

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Several structures are completely or partially manufactured in a factory and then transported to the final situation where they are going to be located. An accurate methodology to check the serviceability of the structure in the factory, previously to the transportation and final assembly, will diminish significantly the costs of validation of its dynamic behavior. The structural dynamic modification (SDM) can be used to predict the modal parameters of a supported structure from the experimental modal parameters corresponding to the same structure but tested in a configuration easy to reproduce in a factory, such as the free-free condition. However, the accuracy obtained with this technique depends on how well the boundary conditions modelled with the SDM replicate the real support conditions. In this paper the SDM theory is used to predict the modal parameters of a pinned-free beam, a cantilever beam, and a 3D steel beam structure from the experimental natural frequencies and mode shapes of the same structures tested in free-free configuration. The predictions provided by the SDM theory are validated by operational modal testing on the supported structures. It is shown how the aforementioned boundary conditions can be modelled with the SDM, and the accuracy provided by the technique is investigated.

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Carr, Athol J. "Dynamic analysis of structures." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 27, no. 2 (June 30, 1994): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.27.2.129-146.

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This paper is the result of discussions of the study group on Dynamic Analysis established by the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering and whose brief was to provide some guidance to design engineers on the usage of the dynamic analysis methods that are becoming more common in structural design with the stricter requirements of the seismic loadings requirements of NZS 4203:1992. The paper first of all discusses the concepts of dynamic analyses of single mass systems and then extends this to the modal analysis methods for the analyses of multi-mass systems. The paper then covers a variety of aspects that may be of concern in performing the dynamic analyses and in the modelling of structures.

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Ouyang, Yan, Kaichun Zeng, Xiping Kou, Yingsong Gu, and Zhichun Yang. "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Static Aeroelastic Behaviours of a Forward-Swept Wing Model." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 10, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535192.

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The static aeroelastic behaviours of a flat-plate forward-swept wing model in the vicinity of static divergence are investigated by numerical simulations and wind tunnel tests. A medium fidelity model based on the vortex lattice method (VLM) and nonlinear structural analysis is proposed to calculate the displacements of the wing structure with large deformation. Follower forces effect and geometric nonlinearity are considered to calculate the deformation of the wing by finite element method (FEM). In the wind tunnel tests, the divergence dynamic pressure is predicted by the Southwell method, and the static aeroelastic displacement is measured by a photogrammetric method. The results obtained by the medium fidelity model calculations show reasonable agreement with wind tunnel test results. A high fidelity model based on coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational structural dynamics (CSD) predicts better results of the wing tip displacement when the freestream dynamic pressure is approaching the divergence dynamic pressure.

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Shi, Dongping, Chengyu Xie, and Lichun Xiong. "Changes in the Structures and Directions of Rock Excavation Research from 1999 to 2020: A Bibliometric Study." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (September 11, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9274918.

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Rock excavation has been the hot spot and frontier of scientific research. Rock excavation research is in a period of rapid development. The bibliographies included in ISI Web of Knowledge database from 1999–2020 were used as data samples, and the collected data were analyzed by literature co-citation and cluster analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer information visualization techniques and dynamic network analysis tools. A knowledge map of the evolution of bibliometric research development is drawn to reveal the representative literature in the field of bibliometrics. The hot areas of bibliometric research are introduced. The development trend of bibliometrics is proposed. The results of the study show that the amount of the literature on rock excavation is growing rapidly. A large amount of the foreign literature is available in China, the United States, Australia, Canada, France, and other countries. The main included journals are Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, “Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,” “Engineering Geology,” and “Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment.” Keyword co-occurrence analysis includes the following contents: rock damage constitutive model, excavation damage area, numerical simulation, stability analysis support, and prediction technology of rock.

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Zlobina, T. M., V. A. Petrov, V. Yu Prokofiev, S. S. Abramov, A. A. Kotov, A. A. Wolfson, and A. B. Leksin. "Seismogenic Nature of Fluid-Dynamic Structural Parageneses of the Uryakh Gold Ore Field (Northeastern Transbaikalia)." Geology of Ore Deposits 62, no. 4 (July 2020): 261–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1075701520040066.

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Sung, Yu-Chi, and Chieh-Cheng Chen. "Z-Transferred Discrete-Time Infinite Impulse Response Filter as Foundation–Soil Impedance Function for SDOF Dynamic Structural Response Considering Soil–Structure Interaction." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 2 (May 2019): 1003–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/110117eqs225ep.

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This paper proposed a novel dynamic structural analysis of a single-degree-of-freedom system considering soil–structure interaction (SSI). The z-transferred discrete-time infinite impulse response filter serving as a foundation–soil impedance function to get a transfer function between the ground displacement and foundation shear was proposed first. The corresponding time history of the foundation shear caused by a specific input of ground displacement can be determined through the filter obtained, and the succeeding structural responses are then able to be found by the base force propagating function. Case studies comparing the structural dynamic response with and without SSI were carried out. Without consideration of SSI, there was an overestimation of structural displacement for the structure with a shorter period, but in contrast to that, an underestimation for the structure with a longer period was concluded based on the results obtained.

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Wang, Mengfu, and Xiyuan Zhou. "Modified precise time step integration method of structural dynamic analysis." Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 4, no. 2 (December 2005): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11803-005-0011-1.

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Fang, Pan, Liming Dai, Yongjun Hou, Mingjun Du, and Wang Luyou. "The Study of Identification Method for Dynamic Behavior of High-Dimensional Nonlinear System." Shock and Vibration 2019 (March 7, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3497410.

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The dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems can be concluded as chaos, periodicity, and the motion between chaos and periodicity; therefore, the key to study the nonlinear system is identifying dynamic behavior considering the different values of the system parameters. For the uncertainty of high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems, the methods for identifying the dynamics of nonlinear nonautonomous and autonomous systems are treated. In addition, the numerical methods are employed to determine the dynamic behavior and periodicity ratio of a typical hull system and Rössler dynamic system, respectively. The research findings will develop the evaluation method of dynamic characteristics for the high-dimensional nonlinear system.

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Sadashiva, Vinod K., Gregory A. MacRae, and Bruce L. Deam. "Determination of structural irregularity limits." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 42, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.42.4.288-301.

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Structures may be irregular due to non-uniform distributions of mass, stiffness, strength or due to their structural form. For regular structures, simple analysis techniques such as the Equivalent Static Method, have been calibrated against advanced analysis methods, such as the Inelastic Dynamic Time-History Analysis. Most worldwide codes allow simple analysis techniques to be used only for structures which satisfy regularity limits. Currently, such limits are based on engineering judgement and lack proper calibration. This paper describes a simple and efficient method for quantifying irregularity limits. The method is illustrated on 3, 5, 9 and 15 storey models of shear-type structures, assumed to be located in Wellington, Christchurch and Auckland. They were designed in accordance with the Equivalent Static Method of NZS 1170.5. Regular structures were defined to have constant mass at every floor level and were either designed to produce constant interstorey drift ratio at all the floors simultaneously or to have a uniform stiffness distribution over their height. Design structural ductility factors of 1, 2, 4 and 6, and target (design) interstorey drift ratios ranging between 0.5% and 3% were used in this study. Inelastic dynamic time-history analysis was carried out by subjecting these structures to a suite of code design level earthquake records. Irregular structures were created with floor masses of magnitude 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5 times the regular floor mass. These increased masses were considered separately at the first floor level, mid-height and at the roof. The irregular structures were designed for the same drifts as the regular structures. The effect of increased mass at the top or bottom of the structure tended to increase the median peak drift demands compared to regular structures for the record suite considered. When the increased mass was present at the mid-height, the structures generally tended to produce lesser drift demands than the corresponding regular structures. A simple equation was developed to estimate the increase in interstorey drift due to mass irregularity. This can be used to set irregularity limits.

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Habtour, Ed, William (Skip) Connon, Michael F. Pohland, Samuel C. Stanton, Mark Paulus, and Abhijit Dasgupta. "Review of Response and Damage of Linear and Nonlinear Systems under Multiaxial Vibration." Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/294271.

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A review of past and recent developments in multiaxial excitation of linear and nonlinear structures is presented. The objective is to review some of the basic approaches used in the analytical and experimental methods for kinematic and dynamic analysis of flexible mechanical systems, and to identify future directions in this research area. In addition, comparison between uniaxial and multiaxial excitations and their impact on a structure’s life-cycles is provided. The importance of understanding failure mechanisms in complex structures has led to the development of a vast range of theoretical, numerical, and experimental techniques to address complex dynamical effects. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the failure mechanisms of structures through experimental and virtual failure assessment based on correctly identified dynamic loads. For that reason, techniques for mapping the dynamic loads to fatigue were provided. Future research areas in structural dynamics due to multiaxial excitation are identified as (i) effect of dynamic couplings, (ii) modal interaction, (iii) modal identification and experimental methods for flexible structures, and (iv) computational models for large deformation in response to multiaxial excitation.

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Schellart, W. P., and N. Rawlinson. "Convergent plate margin dynamics: New perspectives from structural geology, geophysics and geodynamic modelling." Tectonophysics 483, no. 1-2 (March 2010): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.030.

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Terekhov, Evgenii, Aleksandr Makeev, Aleksandr Baluev, Aleksandr Konilov, and Konstantin Van. "Unusual metasomatites (phyolithites) in the Kolvitskiy gabbro-anorthosite rock mass: composition and structural position." Journal of Mining Institute 248 (May 25, 2021): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.2.7.

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Complex mineralogical, geochemical, and geological-structural characteristics of a rare collection stone of violet color, phyolithite, in the southwestern part of the Kola Peninsula. This is a metasomatic rock formed under the conditions of brittle deformations on gabbro-anorthosites of the Paleoproterozoic Kolvitskiy rock mass. As a result of potassium metasomatosis, the plagioclase of the initial rocks was replaced by a fine-grained mica aggregate of muscovite-phengite composition with inclusions of Va-aluminoseladonite (up to 20-30 microns). Ba-aluminoseladonite contains 6.6-10.5 % by weight of BaO. Manganese is the only chromophore that accumulates in the rock during metasomatosis. It is manganese that provides the purple-violet color of pseudomorphs of mica according to anorthite. The phyolithites is depleted by REE and has a positive Eu-anomaly. The phyolithites are confined to the areas of fracturing of the north-eastern strike, located in the zone of dynamic influence of the north-western closure of the Onega-Kandalaksha rift of the Riphean age. Other formations (injection conglomerates and lamproites) are also associated with the formation of this structure, which owe their origin to an intense fluid flow.

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Gehl, Pierre, John Douglas, and Darius M. Seyedi. "Influence of the Number of Dynamic Analyses on the Accuracy of Structural Response Estimates." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 1 (February 2015): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/102912eqs320m.

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Nonlinear dynamic analysis is often used to develop fragility curves within the framework of seismic risk assessment and performance-based earthquake engineering. In the present article, fragility curves are derived from randomly generated clouds of structural response results by using least squares and sum-of-squares regression, and maximum likelihood estimation. Different statistical measures are used to estimate the quality of fragility functions derived by considering varying numbers of ground motions. Graphs are proposed that can be used as guidance regarding the number of calculations required for these three approaches. The effectiveness of the results is demonstrated by their application to a structural model. The results show that the least-squares method for deriving fragility functions converges much faster than the maximum likelihood and sum-of-squares approaches. With the least-squares approach, a few dozen records might be sufficient to obtain satisfactory estimates, whereas using the maximum likelihood approach may require several times more calculations to attain the same accuracy.

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WU, ZHISHEN, ADEKUNLE PHILIPS ADEWUYI, and SONGTAO XUE. "IDENTIFICATION OF DAMAGE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS UNDER PROGRESSIVE SEISMIC EXCITATION STAGES." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 05, no. 02 (June 2011): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431111001030.

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Prompt and accurate detection of realistic damage in constructed facilities is critical for effective condition assessment and structural health monitoring. This paper reports the experimental investigations of eccentric reinforced concrete columns mounted onto a shaking table and subject to progressively increasing seismic excitations. The investigation was aimed at studying the changes in the dynamic parameters in order to assess the structural conditions of the concrete columns after each post-seismic stage. The dynamic response of the structure was measured using accelerometers, traditional foil-strain gauges, and long-gauge fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The post-seismic conditions of the columns were evaluated via vibration-based damage identification methods. Results from this study demonstrate the applicability of specially packaged surface-mounted long-gauge FBG sensors for detecting the initiation and the progression of cracks due to reverse dynamic loads. The concept of modal macrostrain analysis was also introduced to identify and localize mild damage due to the applied seismic excitations of increasing intensities. The performance of the sensors for structural identification is also discussed.

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Belzyt, Joanna Iza, and Jarosław Badera. "‘Cylinder of conflict’ as an extended model of environmental conflicts in the context of mining activity." Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 472, no. 472 (November 20, 2018): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6910.

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Based on the discussion on the sources and mechanisms of environmental conflicts (especially those related to mining activities), it was pointed out that the structural model of conflict (the so-called ‘circle of conflict’, introduced by Ch. Moore in 1986) can, and even should be, supplemented with additional, new items. As a result, it forms a spatial solid, i.e. ‘cylinder of conflict’. The authors believe that the addition of supplementary elements will form a solid, with emotions and language codes as the ends, which may be both the cause and the result of the conflict. The authors decided to supplement the ‘circle of conflict’ based on the analysis of the literature and their own experiences. The authors paid attention to the change in the dynamics of the system, in which the remaining causes of the conflict ‘mix’ and collide constantly, overlapping and growing, which may lead to escalation and final disruption of relations between stakeholders. Thus, the discussed model itself takes on an even more dynamic character than the ‘circle of conflict’. According to the authors, it is a good metaphor for the issues discussed, and probably also for any other conflicts.

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Kalliontzis, Dimitrios, and Sri Sritharan. "Characterizing Dynamic Decay of Motion of Free-Standing Rocking Members." Earthquake Spectra 34, no. 2 (May 2018): 843–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/011217eqs013m.

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Rocking is likely the primary dynamic mode of vibration during the earthquake response of free-standing structural members. Previous research has routinely described the dynamic behavior of these members using a coefficient of restitution ( r) modeling approach, which is shown in this paper to be insufficient for accurately capturing their decaying motion characteristics. Utilizing experimental testing and analytical investigation of concrete members, this study concludes that free-standing members dissipate energy in both a continuous manner and instantaneously at impacts at the rocking interface. Accounting for these two energy dissipation components is necessary to accurately produce rocking dynamic responses of free-standing blocks.

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Liang, Qigang, Luyu Li, and Yu Zhang. "Structural optimal hybrid control strategies employing dynamic dual units: inerter and spring." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 50, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 2961–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3496.

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Malkawi, Abdallah I. Husein, Karim S. Numayr, and Samer A. Barakat. "The Aqaba Earthquake of November 22, 1995." Earthquake Spectra 15, no. 3 (August 1999): 397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586050.

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This study concentrates on the assessment of the structural damages caused by the Aqaba earthquake and attempts to give a better understanding of the geological, geotechnical and structural response following an earthquake event, through focusing on the understanding of the dynamic response of local site conditions to strong shaking and assessing structural performance. Furthermore, this paper calls for future efforts toward enforcing the seismic code provisions for all structures and improving the construction practices in a seismic prone region.

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Calderoni, Bruno, Antonino D'Aveni, Aurelio Ghersi, and Zila Rinaldi. "Static vs. Modal Analysis of Asymmetric Buildings: Effectiveness of Dynamic Eccentricity Formulations." Earthquake Spectra 18, no. 2 (May 2002): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1494085.

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The use of modal analysis appears necessary in order to reduce both displacement demand under weak seismic events and ductility demand under strong earthquakes. Static analysis can be effective only if used with proper values of additional eccentricities. To overcome the inaccuracy of the code formulations, the authors propose a simple procedure that gives the exact values of these eccentricities and discuss the influence of the main parameters that govern the structural behavior. They also point out the difficulty in evaluating some parameters (stiffness radius of gyration, structural eccentricity) in the case of multistory buildings and discuss the validity of simplified formulations proposed to overcome this problem. The effectiveness of static analysis, applied to three-dimensional multistory structures with properly evaluated corrective eccentricities, is analyzed with reference both to regularly asymmetric multistory schemes and to an actual irregularly asymmetric structure (the main building of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Catania, Italy).

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Odabasi, Omer, Mohsen Kohrangi, and Paolo Bazzurro. "Tall buildings in Turkey, their characteristic structural features and dynamic behaviour." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 5 (March 2021): 2105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01067-3.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dynamic and structural geology'

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