Academic literature on the topic 'Dynamic behavior of power grids'

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Journal articles on the topic "Dynamic behavior of power grids"

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Mr., Ashish Gupta. "The Dynamic Behavior of POWER Systems with Two Distinct EMS Control Techniques." Journal of Electrical and Power System Engineering 4, no. 3 (2018): 34–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2052083.

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<em>The non-stop growth of the energy generated from renewable sources, capillary disbursed in vast areas, is converting the traditional power grids into a network of flexible smart small-sized energy structures, denoted as Microgrids(MGs). </em>
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Zhang, Yingbin, Xiaowei Zhao, Guoshi Wang, Qing Yan, Siming Li, and Ying Liu. "Researching a Simulation of Real-Time Nonlinear Dynamical Systems for Digital Power Grids in Massive IoT." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 24, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7153456.

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“Digital real-time simulation” refers to the replication of output waveforms with the required accuracy, which duplicates the behavior of a real power system that is being simulated. A variety of problems relating to the functioning of power systems can be effectively solved using real-time simulators. Fortunately, modern state-of-the-art technological advancements have solved the energy problems. When used as a real-time application of electromagnetic transient-type simulation, the real-time digital simulator takes advantage of the traveling wave properties of cables and transmission lines in conjunction with a parallel processing platform. Power Control (PC), Hardware Under Test (HUT), Time Scale of Events (TSE), and Control Action (CA) are used as independent variables and the Real-Time Dynamic Simulation (RTDS) has been used as dependent variables. The objective of study improves the energy production in Digital Power Grids using Real-time Dynamic Nonlinear System Simulation System. The data was collected by using questionnaires based on 5-Likert Scale. The data has been analyzed using smart PLS 3. The questionnaire were filled from 50 technicians of power grids. The results are that Real-Time Dynamic Simulation improves the energy production in Digital Power Grids.
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Li, Siming, Wei Guo, Qing Yan, et al. "Digital Modeling System for Dynamic Nonlinear Systems of Power Equipment in Digital Grids and 5G." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 27, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2835677.

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The digital power grid system is used to maintain stability and to provide a continuous supply of electrical energy to consumers in the event of a power outage or other interruption of service. This is due to their ability to respond quickly in the event of an interruption. However, unpredictable failures and cascading accidents occur regularly, resulting in a blackout that can cause significant disruption to modern life. Furthermore, the rotor angle behavior can indicate the overall synchronism and stability of the complete digital power grid system. The digital dynamic nonlinear system operators can profit economically and technically from implementing protection measures that are appropriately designed and implemented. This study has utilized data transitions over digital power grids, connectivity used in digital power grids, power quality, network congestion, and stability issues as independent variables. However, the digital dynamic nonlinear system has been used as the dependent variable. The data was collected using questionnaires, and the data was collected from various digital power grids and solar system users. The collected data was analyzed by using SEM PLS 3. The reliability of the collected data was tested by Cronbach’s alpha and the values above 0.7. The results indicated that there are significant values between the variables.
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Omelianenko, Halyna Viktorivna, Veronika Viktorivna Cherkashyna, and Anton Smatov. "Study of foreign experience in dealing with ice and frost deposits on the wires of overhead power lines." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (6) (July 9, 2023): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2023.01.03.

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The means and technologies for predicting and preventing frost and ice deposits on the wires of overhead power lines in the power grids of foreign countries are presented. The focus is on such systems as Meteo, dynamic thermal rating, online monitoring of China Southern Power Grid, Variable resistance cable de-icing system and mobile ice melting units. The advantages and disadvantages of these systems are analyzed and it is found that such approaches require energy consumption and are relevant only for the relevant region of the power grid, depending on weather conditions and the distance of electricity transmission. The mechanical, electromechanical, electrothermal, and physicochemical methods of predicting frost and ice deposits on the wires of overhead power lines are considered. It was found that the consideration of dynamic processes is essential and effective in the study of power grids in extreme weather conditions, and the data on frost and ice deposits on overhead line wires are characterized by high dimensionality, nonlinearity, multimodality, and heterogeneity, which makes it impossible to create an accurate forecasting model using traditional methods of evaluation and decision-making. The method of time series analysis and the method of Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition are proposed to solve this problem. The basis of these methods is to maximize the use of inherent regularities represented by frequency and time characteristics for effective data analysis and to create the basis for subsequent models and improve their forecasting accuracy. On the basis of the research, the author proposes ways to adapt and integrate the experience of foreign countries into the power grids of Ukraine. The necessity of creating integrated information systems for monitoring meteorological parameters and operating modes of power grids using specialized forecasting models and IT systems is substantiated, which will automate the process of assessing the current state of overhead power lines based on meteorological data in order to timely prevent emergencies in power grids provoked by frost and ice deposits.
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Tapia-Olvera, Ruben, Francisco Beltran-Carbajal, Antonio Valderrabano-Gonzalez, and Omar Aguilar-Mejia. "A Novel Methodology for Adaptive Coordination of Multiple Controllers in Electrical Grids." Mathematics 9, no. 13 (2021): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9131474.

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This proposal is aimed to overcome the problem that arises when diverse regulation devices and controlling strategies are involved in electric power systems regulation design. When new devices are included in electric power system after the topology and regulation goals were defined, a new design stage is generally needed to obtain the desired outputs. Moreover, if the initial design is based on a linearized model around an equilibrium point, the new conditions might degrade the whole performance of the system. Our proposal demonstrates that the power system performance can be guaranteed with one design stage when an adequate adaptive scheme is updating some critic controllers’ gains. For large-scale power systems, this feature is illustrated with the use of time domain simulations, showing the dynamic behavior of the significant variables. The transient response is enhanced in terms of maximum overshoot and settling time. This is demonstrated using the deviation between the behavior of some important variables with StatCom, but without or with PSS. A B-Spline neural networks algorithm is used to define the best controllers’ gains to efficiently attenuate low frequency oscillations when a short circuit event is presented. This strategy avoids the parameters and power system model dependency; only a dataset of typical variable measurements is required to achieve the expected behavior. The inclusion of PSS and StatCom with positive interaction, enhances the dynamic performance of the system while illustrating the ability of the strategy in adding different controllers in only one design stage.
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Rohten, Jaime, Felipe Villarroel, Esteban Pulido, Javier Muñoz, José Silva, and Marcelo Perez. "Stability Analysis of Two Power Converters Control Algorithms Connected to Micro-Grids with Wide Frequency Variation." Sensors 22, no. 18 (2022): 7078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187078.

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Distributed power generation, micro-grids, and networks working in islanding mode have strong deviations in voltage quantities. These deviations can be divided into amplitude and frequency. Amplitude deviations are well-known and studied, as they are common in small and big grids. However, deviations on the ac mains frequency have not been widely studied. The literature shows control schemes capable of bearing these variations, but no systematic analysis has been performed to ensure stability. As the majority of power converters are designed for big grids, their analysis and design neglect frequency disturbances, therefore those devices allow a very small frequency operating window. For instance, in power converters that need to be synchronized to the grid, the standard deviation does not go beyond 0.5 Hz, and for grid-tied inverters it does not go beyond 1 Hz, whereas variations of around 8 Hz can be expected in micro-grids. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the control system’s stability, where two different control schemes for a back-to-back static converter topology are implemented and studied under a wide variable grid frequency. Because the behavior of power converters is nonlinear and coupled, dynamic and static decouplers are usually introduced in the controller, being a key element on the scheme according to the findings. The results show that using just a static decoupler does not guarantee stability under frequency variations; meanwhile, when a dynamic decoupler is used, the operating window can be greatly extended. The procedure shown in this paper can also be extended to other control algorithms, making it possible to carefully choose the control system for a variable frequency condition. Simulated and experimental results confirm the theoretical approach.
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Kim, Minchang, Mahdi Daghmehchi Firoozjaei, Hyoungshick Kim, and Mohamad El-Hajj. "Power Profiling of Smart Grid Users Using Dynamic Time Warping." Electronics 14, no. 10 (2025): 2015. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14102015.

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Power consumption data play a crucial role in demand management and abnormality detection in smart grids. Despite its management benefits, analyzing power consumption data leads to profiling consumers and opens privacy issues. To demonstrate this, we present a power profiling model for smart grid consumers based on real-time load data acquired from smart meters. It profiles consumers’ power consumption behavior by applying the daily load factor and the dynamic time warping (DTW) clustering algorithm. Due to the invariability of signal warping of this algorithm, time-disordered load data can be profiled and consumption features can be extracted. By this model, two load types are defined and the related load patterns are extracted for classifying consumption behavior by DTW. The classification methodology is discussed in detail. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model for profiling, we analyze the time-series load data measured by a smart meter in a real case. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed profiling method, achieving an F-score of 0.8372 for load type clustering in the best case and an overall accuracy of 77.17% for power profiling.
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Tan, Kuan Tak, Sivaneasan Bala Krishnan, and Andy Yi Zhuang Chua. "Modelling and Simulation of Pico- and Nano-Grids for Renewable Energy Integration in a Campus Microgrid." Energies 18, no. 1 (2024): 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010067.

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Research in renewable energy sources and microgrid systems is critical for the evolving power industry. This paper examines the operational behavior of both pico- and nano-grids during transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes. Simulation results demonstrate that both grids effectively balance the power flow, regulate the state of charge (SOC), and stabilize the voltage during dynamic operational changes. Specific scenarios, including grid disconnection, load sharing, and weather-based energy fluctuations, were tested and validated. This paper models both pico-grids and nano-grids at the Singapore Institute of Technology Punggol Campus, incorporating solar PVs, energy storage systems (ESSs), power electronic converters, and both DC and AC loads, along with utility grid connections. The pico-grid includes a battery storage system, a single-phase inverter linked to a single-phase grid, and DC and AC loads. The nano-grid comprises solar PV panels, a boost converter, a battery storage system, a three-phase inverter connected to a three-phase grid, and AC loads. Both the pico-grid and nano-grid are configurable in standalone or grid-connected modes. This configuration flexibility allows for a detailed operational analysis under various conditions. This study conducted subsystem-level modelling before integrating all components into a simulation environment. MATLAB/Simulink version R2024b was utilized to model, simulate, and analyze the power flow in both the pico-grid and nano-grid under different operating conditions.
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Om Ingole, Udayraj Chavan, Janmenjay Chandrawanshi, Soham Kathane, Ujwal Kale, and Jitendra Sawant. "Optimizing Load Balancing through Simulation of Renewable Energy Integration." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 12, no. 3 (2025): 960–65. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset2512211.

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As the global energy landscape shifts toward renewable sources, integrating variable energy inputs such as solar and wind into existing power grids presents significant challenges for maintaining load balance and grid stability. This study explores the optimization of load balancing through advanced simulation techniques that model the dynamic behavior of renewable energy systems within electrical grids. We develop and evaluate a range of algorithms including predictive scheduling, demand-side management, and battery storage coordination using real-world energy consumption and generation datasets. The simulations assess the impact of renewable penetration levels, storage capacity, and demand response strategies on grid performance. Results demonstrate that intelligent control mechanisms can significantly mitigate the intermittency of renewables, reduce reliance on fossil fuel-based peaking power, and enhance overall grid efficiency. This research provides valuable insights for utility operators and policymakers aiming to optimize energy distribution in increasingly decarbonized power systems.
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Deese, Anthony S., and Chika O. Nwankpa. "Utilization of FPAA Technology for Emulation of Multiscale Power System Dynamics in Smart Grids." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2, no. 2 (2011): 606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2011.2161782.

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In this paper, the authors address computational issues associated with implementation of VLSI technologies-specifically, the utilization of field programmable analog array (FPAA) technology to analyze the steady-state as well dynamic behavior of nonlinear, multiscale power systems. Emphasis is placed on the following issues: adaptation of FPAA hardware for power flow analyses, design and construction of physical prototype, optimal hardware scaling, and application of emulation to transient fault analyses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dynamic behavior of power grids"

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Hu, Liang. "Dynamic state estimation for power grids with unconventional measurements." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12692.

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State estimation problem for power systems has long been a fundamental issue that demands a variety of methodologies dependent on the system settings. With recent introduction of advanced devices of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and dedicated communication networks, the infrastructure of power grids has been greatly improved. Coupled with the infrastructure improvements are three emerging issues for the state estimation problems, namely, the coexistence of both traditional and PMU measurements, the incomplete information resulting from delayed, missing and quantized measurements due to communication constraints, and the cyber-attacks on the communication channels. Three challenging problems are faced when dealing with the three issues in the state estimation program of power grids: 1) how to include the PMU measurements in the state estimator design, 2) how to account for the phenomena of incomplete information occurring in the measurements and design effective state estimators resilient to such phenomena, and 3) how to identify the system vulnerability in state estimation scheme and protect the estimation system against cyber-attacks. In this thesis, with the aim to solve the above problems, we develop several state estimation algorithms which tackle the issues of mixed measurements and incomplete information, and examine the cyber-security of the dynamic state estimation scheme. • To improve the estimation performance of power grids including PMU measurements, a hybrid extended Kalman filter and particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed, which has the advantages of being scalable to the numbers of the installed PMUs and being compatible with existing dynamic state estimation software as well. • Two kinds of network-induced phenomena, which leads to incomplete information of measurements, are considered. Specifically, the phenomenon of missing measurements is assumed to occur randomly and the missing probability is governed by a random variable, and the quantized nonlinear measurement model of power systems is presented where the quantization is assumed to be of logarithmic type. Then, the impact of the incomplete information on the overall estimation performance is taken into account when designing the estimator. Specifically, a modified extended Kalman filter is developed which is insensitive to the missing measurements in terms of acceptable probability, and a recursive filter is designed for the system with quantized measurements such that an upper bound of the estimation error is guaranteed and also minimized by appropriately designing the filter gain. • With the aim to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of the above-mentioned network-induced phenomena, we propose an event-based state estimation scheme with which communication transmission from the meters to the control centre can be greatly reduced. To ensure the estimation performance, we design the estimator gains by solving constrained optimization problems such that the estimation error covariances are guaranteed to be always less than a finite upper bound. • We examine the cyber-security of the dynamic state estimation system in power grids where the adversary is able to inject false data into the communication channels between PMUs and the control centre. The condition under which the attacks cause unbounded estimation errors is found. Furthermore, for system that is vulnerable to cyber-attacks, we propose a system protection scheme through which only a few (rather than all) communication channels require protection against false data injection attacks.
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Das, Debrup. "Dynamic control of grid power flow using controllable network transformers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43739.

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The objective of the research is to develop a cost-effective, dynamic grid controller called the controllable network transformer (CNT) that can be implemented by augmenting existing load tap changing (LTC) transformers with an AC-AC converter. The concept is based on using a fractionally rated direct AC-AC converter to control the power through an existing passive LTC. By using a modulation strategy based on virtual quadrature sources (VQS), it is possible to control both the magnitude and the phase angle of the output voltage of the CNT without having any inter-phase connections. The CNT architecture has many advantages over existing power flow controllers, like absence of low frequency storage, fractional converter rating, retro-fitting existing assets and independent per-phase operation making it potentially attractive for utility applications. The independent control of the magnitude and the phase angle of the output voltage allow independent real and reactive power flow control through the CNT-controlled line. In a meshed network with asymmetric network stresses this functionality can be used to redirect power from critically loaded assets to other relatively under-utilized parallel paths. The power flow controllability of CNT can thus be used to lower the overall cost of generation of power. The solid state switches in the CNT with fast response capability enable incorporation of various additional critical functionalities like grid fault ride through, bypassing internal faults and dynamic damping. This bouquet of features makes the CNT useful under both steady state and transient conditions without compromising the grid reliability.
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Wu, Qiang. "Tap changing dynamic modeling and its effects on power system voltage behavior." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27640.

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This thesis presents research results on the effects of tap changing dynamic modeling on power system mid-to-long term voltage behavior. The modeling of tap changing dynamics in voltage stability studies is first addressed. The dynamic operation of an on-load-tap—changing transformer is represented by a highly nonlinear, discrete and time—delay embedded model, which is suitable to mid-to—long term voltage stability studies. Different discrete tap models and their continuous approximations with respect to time and tap position are introduced. The initial emphasis is on studying the influences of different discrete and continuous tap models on voltage stability properties. Combining the tap changer dynamics with the detailed load dynamics, the impacts of different tap models on system voltage behavior are illustrated via theoretical analysis and simulation. It is shown that different stability regions are associated with different continuous tap models and significantly influence the system/voltage behavior, especially under heavily loaded system conditions. The Lyapunov stability method is used to predict the stability region. Limit cycle phenomena are observed in systems with discrete tap models due to the inherent nonlinearities present in these models, the tap dynamics and its interaction with the load dynamics. Conditions for existence of limit cycles are derived via the describing function method. Cases when discrete tap models and their corresponding continuous approximations result in different and / or similar system behavior are also illustrated. Further, a detailed study is given on. the voltage oscillation phenomenon in power systems with on-load—tap—changers. Two kinds of oscillations are considered, namely the well-known voltage oscillations due to tap hunting and oscillations due to tap— load interactions. The focus is on the limit cycle caused by the tap-load interaction. The effects of tap deadband and other parameters such as tap delay time and load recovery time on the existence of system cyclic behavior are carefully investigated. It. is shown that whether or not the limit cycle can be avoided by adjusting the tap deadband depends mainly on the load characteristics. Trajectory sensitivity analysis offers useful information on the influence of parameters on system cyclic behavior. Next, consideration is given to the coordination of a tap changer, as a voltage control device, with other controls, such as a switching capacitor. Using the results of voltage stability analysis as a framework, a new approach for the coordination of dissimilar control actions is derived for arresting voltage collapse. The benefits of coordination of tap locking and capacitor switching are demonstrated foi two possible situations. Firstly, prior capacitor switching at some buses is shown to expand the stability regioh and provide sufficient time for successful tap locking. Secondly, locking taps at some buses can slow the system deterioration and provides time for capacitor switching. The results obtained not only highlight the importance of tap dynamics modeling in voltage behavior studies, but also give an insight into system voltage stability evaluatiofi and control involving on—load-tap—changer dynamics.
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Ricci, E. C. "THE ECONOMIC AND CO2 MITIGATION POTENTIAL OF THE INNOVATION OF THE POWER NETWORK.A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF SUPER-GRIDS AND SMART-GRIDS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/171115.

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Current power systems have remained qualitatively similar to how the were in the last century, especially with respect to the interaction with the end-users. Though present global challenges are putting pressure and questioning their architecture. The increasing demand for electricity - that has become an essential commodity, fundamental for all activities of today's lifestyle - coupled with the concerns about climate change and the need to improve the quality and reliability of the provision urge a modernization of the network. A modernization that needs: to be low carbon, to be reliability and security improving, and to develop new models of customer relationship. Indeed, the thesis deals with important issues that are today in the limelight, such as: i) the importance of the electricity sector in the implementation of climate change mitigation strategies, ii) the innovation of the electricity network as a strategy for reducing emissions, iii) the design of new policies of management of renewable energies and of the new services available, iv) the need to actively involve the users of the network into new styles of consumption / production of energy. All of this is evaluated in a context of evolving energy policies, where the relative long-term importance of the different power generating technologies is changing, especially after the recent events in Japan. The thesis aims at demonstrating the need to promote a qualitative transformation in the system architecture of the “grid” to make it suitable for managing the complexity of the economic scenarios and advanced services that characterize the emerging “knowledge society”, in compliance with the objectives of environmental sustainability and in response to concerns about global climate change. Indeed, because of these concerns and of social and political acceptability issues of nuclear power, as we know it today, the energy scenarios for the next few decades see the emergence of an increasingly important role for renewable energy sources. The general assumption of the thesis is that such a change in the sources of production is likely to cause a major qualitative leap in the power grid. This transformation may induce the evolution of the electricity grid from a classical architecture, top-down and hierarchical, to a more innovative architecture, that will configure the grid (more and more) as a “social ecosystem”, able to include the empowerment of all its stakeholders and to enhance, in particular, the more active role of all users of the new network services. To demonstrate and operationalize the complex nature of this change and the emerging trends, the thesis is organized into three integrated papers that develop and disentangle the system effects of the two technologies that today seem to be at the basis of the possible evolution: Super-Grids and Smart-Grids. The analysis will be conducted using a qualitative-quantitative methodological approach through simulations for both technologies and their integration. The first paper - New electricity generation networks and climate change: the economic potential of national and trans-national super-grids powered by Concentrated Solar Power - develops the analysis of Super-Grids. More in detail, it analyses the system effects and the technological and economic opportunities of transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances, for the stabilization of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, with particular attention to the resulting geopolitical dynamics. The analysis is conducted using the simulation platform WITCH, an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM), able to compare this option with other mitigation opportunities, in a framework of intertemporal optimization of resources. In particular, the focus is on the production of electricity from concentrated solar power (CSP) in areas of high solar intensity in places located far from demand centres and, until now, not economically advantageous. The quantitative analysis focuses on the electricity supply made available by the Super-Grid - both domestically and for export/import - evaluating their economic, technological and CO2 mitigation potentials. We have analyzed, in particular, the EU-MENA trade case, though, the results can be expanded qualitatively to consider also the North-South European energy axis, extending the analysis of the geopolitical implications. The second paper - Smart-Grids and Climate Change. Consumer adoption of smart energy behaviour: a system dynamics approach to evaluate the mitigation potential - develops the analysis of Smart-Grids. More in detail, it analyses the system effects of engaging with consumers. More specifically, it looks at the impacts of allowing consumers to: (i) manage more actively and consciously their consumption patterns; (ii) participate to innovative contracting; (iii) generate electricity for own consumption and /or to inject into the grid. Particular interest is directed to the increase in variety of user behaviour (shift, demand response, home automation, generation), caused by the implementation of Smart-Grids, which allows: (i) to form new relationships among actors of the network, (ii) to trigger new processes of “micro production” for energy self-sufficiency to be integrated into the network; and to (iii) improve the management and optimization of the power network. In short, to transform the network into a “sensitive network” capable of opening new organizational spaces/times of action. The analysis is conducted by means of simulations of the adoption dynamics of “smart energy behaviours” by citizens, using the methodology of System Dynamics (J. Forrester) to address the complexity of the dynamics involved. The quantitative analysis focuses on the power supply made available by the change in consumption patterns and by domestic generation, in a “energy self-sufficiency” perspective and on the impacts in terms of demand, system costs and opportunities for mitigation. The qualitative analysis studies the organizational transformations, and the social and cultural evolutions induced by the new interactivity with the end-user The concept of Smart Grid connects the power system to the emerging qualitative transformations and scenarios of the “Knowledge Society” and its newly empowered “Smart Prosumer”. In the third paper - Super & Smart Grid integrated investment scenarios: Green Sustainable Energy Management Strategies & Scenarios - the complex effects of Super and Smart Grid are analysed together. The paper is divided in two parts: the first one where Super and Smart Grids are integrated in one simulation environment to conduct an in-depth economic analysis, and the second part where they are jointly evaluated and compared considering the effects of the innovation of the electricity grid on different levels: environmental, technological, economic, organizational, social and geopolitical, by means of the GEMS (Green Energy Management Strategies foe sustainable scenarios) multi-level evaluation function: GEMS = (Env, Tech, Ec, Org, Soc, GeoP). The proposal is to identify an approach for the analysis and management of the various strategies of green energy generation, that is able to grasp the complexities and interactions of the multiple effects induced by the different options. The quantitative analysis focuses on the integration of the power supply made available jointly by Super and Smart Grids. The qualitative analysis has investigated the new dynamics of empowerment among all the stakeholders involved and the possible impacts on various levels. The synergies of system integration, related to the potential mix of Super and Smart Grids, to manage the evolution of green electricity are also analysed. Concluding, the thesis started with a substantial economic and computational approach, and then was expanded to take into account qualitative aspects that govern the dynamics of the complex “social ecosystem” in play. In synthesis, we analyze the quali-quantitative system effects induced by the impact of the innovation processes in the power network, in an energy market that is not able, alone and in a classical economic perspective, to jointly optimize aspects concerning the environment, technology, organizational structures, economics, society and geopolitics, that are put into play by the introduction of these technological options. These tools are also needed to manage the inevitable conflicts of interest that will arise with the change. We propose an approach “beyond grid parity”, in the sense that we aim at analyzing a broader concept of “costs”, to: (i) identify the paths of evolution of the electrical system in the scenarios of the knowledge society, (ii) the nature and extent of the processes involved, and (iii) to assess the feasibility of accepting the challenge of a low-carbon economy based on renewable energy.
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Davis, Adam Todd. "DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF MULTIPATH INTERFERENCE IN ARTM CHANNEL SOUNDING DATA." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606500.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California<br>Data collected during July 1999 at Edwards EAFB by the Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) program is examined to characterize the dynamic behavior of multipath interference in an aeronautical telemetry channel. Multipath fade events are analyzed in the frequency domain to show how these fades appear, evolve, and disappear from the channel. A channel model and examples from the channel sounding data are used to show the dynamic nature of these fade events. The Doppler power spectrum is used to quantify the exact time-varying nature of the multipath fade events. The coherence time, or the amount of time the channel can be viewed as unchanging, is obtained from the Doppler power spectrum and is calculated to be 100 ms in the data sets examined in this paper. This implies that adaptive multipath mitigation techniques must have an adaptation bandwidth of 10 Hz.
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El, Ghouli Salim. "UTBB FDSOI mosfet dynamic behavior study and modeling for ultra-low power RF and mm-Wave IC Design." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD015/document.

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Ce travail de recherche a été principalement motivé par les avantages importants apportés par la technologie UTBB FDSOI aux applications analogiques et RF de faible puissance. L'objectif principal est d'étudier le comportement dynamique du transistor MOSFET du type UTBB FDSOI et de proposer des modèles prédictifs et des recommandations pour la conception de circuits intégrés RF, en mettant un accent particulier sur le régime d'inversion modérée. Après une brève analyse des progrès réalisés au niveau des architectures du transistor MOSFET, un état de l’art de la modélisation du transistor MOSFET UTBB FDSOI est établi. Les principaux effets physiques impliqués dans le transistor à double grille avec une épaisseur du film de 7 nm sont passés en revue, en particulier l’impact de la grille arrière, à l’aide de mesures et de simulations TCAD. La caractéristique gm/ID en basse fréquence et la caractéristique ym/ID proposée pour la haute fréquence sont étudiées et utilisées dans une conception analogique efficace. Enfin, le modèle NQS haute fréquence proposé reproduit les mesures dans toutes les conditions de polarisation y compris l’inversion modérée jusqu’à 110 GHz<br>This research work has been motivated primarily by the significant advantages brought about by the UTBB FDSOI technology to the Low power Analog and RF applications. The main goal is to study the dynamic behavior of the UTBB FDSOI MOSFET in light of the recent technology advances and to propose predictive models and useful recommendations for RF IC design with particular emphasis on Moderate Inversion regime. After a brief review of progress in MOSFET architectures introduced in the semiconductor industry, a state-of-the-art UTBB FDSOI MOSFET modeling status is compiled. The main physical effects involved in the double gate transistor with a 7 nm thick film are reviewed, particularly the back gate impact, using measurements and TCAD. For better insight into the Weak Inversion and Moderate Inversion operations, both the low frequency gm/ID FoM and the proposed high frequency ym/ID FoM are studied and also used in an efficient first-cut analog design. Finally, a high frequency NQS model is developed and compared to DC and S-parameters measurements. The results show excellent agreement across all modes of operation including very low bias conditions and up to 110 GHz
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Hölz, Peter [Verfasser], and T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Böhlke. "A dynamic and statistical analysis of the temperature- and fatigue behavior of a race power unit – The effect of different thermodynamic states / Peter Hölz ; Betreuer: T. Böhlke." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121344781X/34.

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Najjari, Hamza. "Power Amplifier Design Based on Electro-Thermal Considerations." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0422.

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L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de concevoir un amplificateur de puissance sur la base de considérations électrothermiques. Il décrit la question du dynamique EVM et du « paquet long » lors de la conception de l’amplificateur avec des transistors bipolaires à hétérojonctions. Basé sur le comportement électrothermique du circuit, une méthode d’optimisation de l’EVM statique et dynamique est proposée. Un frontend RF complet (amplificateur de puissance + coupleur + interrupteur + amplificateur faible bruit) est conçu pour le dernier standard WLAN : le Wi-Fi 6. La distribution de temperature dynamique dans le circuit est analysée. Son effet sur les performances de la puce est quantifié. Enfin, une polarisation adaptative programmable a été conçue pour garder des performances optimales sur toute la plage de température. Les mesures du circuit montre tout l’effet bénéfique de cette compensation, permettant de garder le dynamique EVM en dessous de -47 dB sur la plage de température ambiante de -40 à 85°C<br>The aim of this work is to design a power amplifier based on electrothermal considerations. It describes the Dynamic Error Vector Magnitude challenge and long packet issue when designing a power amplifier with hetero-junction bipolar transistors. Based on the circuit electrothermal behavior, an optimization method of both the static and dynamic linearity is proposed. A complete RF front-end (PA + coupler + switch + LNA) is designed for the latest WLAN standard: the Wi-Fi 6. The dynamic temperature distribution in the circuit is analyzed. It’s impact on the performances is quantified. Finally, a programmable temperature dependent bias is designed to compensate for performance degradation. The measurements show a significant linearity improvement with this compensation, allowing the PA to maintain the DEVM lower than -47dB at 14.5 dBm output power, over a large ambient temperature range from -40°C to 85°C
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Willey, Landon Clark. "A Systems-Level Approach to the Design, Evaluation, and Optimization of Electrified Transportation Networks Using Agent-Based Modeling." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8532.

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Rising concerns related to the effects of traffic congestion have led to the search for alternative transportation solutions. Advances in battery technology have resulted in an increase of electric vehicles (EVs), which serve to reduce the impact of many of the negative consequences of congestion, including pollution and the cost of wasted fuel. Furthermore, the energy-efficiency and quiet operation of electric motors have made feasible concepts such as Urban Air Mobility (UAM), in which electric aircraft transport passengers in dense urban areas prone to severe traffic slowdowns. Electrified transportation may be the solution needed to combat urban gridlock, but many logistical questions related to the design and operation of the resultant transportation networks remain to be answered. This research begins by examining the near-term effects of EV charging networks. Stationary plug-in methods have been the traditional approach to recharge electric ground vehicles; however, dynamic charging technologies that can charge vehicles while they are in motion have recently been introduced that have the potential to eliminate the inconvenience of long charging wait times and the high cost of large batteries. Using an agent-based model verified with traffic data, different network designs incorporating these dynamic chargers are evaluated based on the predicted benefit to EV drivers. A genetic optimization is designed to optimally locate the chargers. Heavily-used highways are found to be much more effective than arterial roads as locations for these chargers, even when installation cost is taken into consideration. This work also explores the potential long-term effects of electrified transportation on urban congestion by examining the implementation of a UAM system. Interdependencies between potential electric air vehicle ranges and speeds are explored in conjunction with desired network structure and size in three different regions of the United States. A method is developed to take all these considerations into account, thus allowing for the creation of a network optimized for UAM operations when vehicle or topological constraints are present. Because the optimization problem is NP-hard, five heuristic algorithms are developed to find potential solutions with acceptable computation times, and are found to be within 10% of the optimal value for the test cases explored. The results from this exploration are used in a second agent-based transportation model that analyzes operational parameters associated with UAM networks, such as service strategy and dispatch frequency, in addition to the considerations associated with network design. General trends between the effectiveness of UAM networks and the various factors explored are identified and presented.
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Delille, Gauthier Marc Aimé. "Contribution du Stockage à la Gestion Avancée des Systèmes Électriques : approches Organisationnelles et Technico-économiques dans les Réseaux de Distribution." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586088.

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Des solutions innovantes doivent être développées pour envisager l'avenir des systèmes électriques face à un nombre grandissant de contraintes. En particulier, le stockage d'énergie est pressenti comme un soutien indispensable à l'essor massif dans les réseaux de distribution de sources de production exploitant les énergies renouvelables. Les présents travaux visent à apporter des éléments de réflexion sur cette option technique qui arrive à maturité et suscite l'intérêt. Dans un premier temps, des méthodes d'étude sont proposées pour cerner le potentiel et les opportunités du stockage distribué. Une grille de caractérisation des technologies est introduite et sa mise en œuvre souligne des performances intéressantes à des coûts qui, cependant, demeurent élevés. Pour rendre leur utilisation réaliste, la valeur de ces dispositifs pour les systèmes électriques est donc critique. Nous l'analysons en deux étapes : une classification de leurs services pour les différents acteurs en présence est définie avant d'aborder la mutualisation de fonctions, requise pour favoriser l'atteinte d'une rentabilité, via une approche originale. Cette démarche aboutit à l'identification de configurations porteuses qui méritent des études plus poussées. Pour ce faire, un modèle général de comportement des unités de stockage est développé dans un second temps. Interfacé à un logiciel de simulation dynamique des réseaux, il permet d'évaluer l'utilisation de telles installations pour diverses offres de services. Ces outils sont appliqués et validés expérimentalement sur la caractérisation d'une réserve impulsionnelle fournie par le stockage pour réduire les délestages dans les systèmes insulaires
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Books on the topic "Dynamic behavior of power grids"

1

Yun, Chan-Su. Static and dynamic thermal behavior of IGBT power modules. Hartung-Gorre, 2001.

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Buyal'skiy, Vladimir. Wind turbines with optimal control of electricity generation. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1946200.

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In the monograph, based on the analysis of modern methods of automatic control of wind power installations, a solution is proposed for the correct connection (in theoretical terms) of related problems of dynamic behavior of power units with optimal control of electricity generation. In this direction, principles, structures and algorithms have been obtained to reduce the dynamic loads of the components of modern wind turbines based on timely preparation of the system for external disturbing influences and taking into account the vibration load of the drive under different operating modes of the power unit.&#x0D; It is intended for researchers and specialists in the field of wind energy, automation of technological processes, system analysis, as well as graduate students and students of relevant training areas and specialties of technical universities.
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Buyal'skiy, Vladimir. Efficiency of wind turbines in the Arctic and the Far North. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2163331.

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Based on the analysis of modern methods of automatic control of a wind farm, the monograph suggests a solution for the correct connection (in theoretical terms) of the problems of dynamic behavior of power units with optimal control of electricity generation and distribution to consumers in the Arctic and the Far North. In this direction, the principles, structures, mathematical models and algorithms have been obtained to reduce the dynamic loads of the components of modern wind turbines based on timely preparation of the system for external disturbances, consideration of the vibration load of the drive and the conditions of ice formation on the blades of the wind turbine, as well as improving the reliability of power supply based on the choice of an optimal management strategy, the status of the wind turbine process and the determination of the amount of electricity generated for each consumer. Theoretical methods and approaches can be useful for researchers and specialists in the field of wind energy, automation of technological processes, system analysis, as well as graduate students and students of relevant specialties of technical universities.
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Structural Integrity, Dynamic Behavior, and Seismic Design: Next Generation Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000.

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Entrepreneur power plays: How the world's most dynamic thinkers reach the top of their game. McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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Gray, Colin S. Fighting Talk. Praeger, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400650956.

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Gray presents an inventive treatise on the nature of strategy, war, and peace, organized around forty maxims. This collection of mini-essays will forearm politicians, soldiers, and the attentive general public against many—probably most—fallacies that abound in contemporary debates about war, peace, and security. While one can never guarantee strategic success, which depends on policy, military prowess, and the quality of the dialogue between the two, a strategic education led by the judgments in these maxims increases the chances that one's errors will be small rather than catastrophic. The maxims are grouped according to five clusters. War and Peace tackles the larger issues of strategic history that drive the demand for the services of strategic thought and practice. Strategy presses further, into the realm of strategic behavior, and serves as a bridge between the political focus of part one and the military concerns that follow. In Military Power and Warfare turns to the pragmatic business of military performance: operations, tactics, and logistics. Part four, Security and Insecurity examines why strategy is important, including a discussion of the nature, dynamic character, and functioning of world politics. Finally, History and the Future is meant to help strategists better understand the processes of historical change.
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Dwyer, Daisy Hilse, ed. Law and Islam in the Middle East. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400677373.

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Islamic law is the epitome of Islamic thought, the most typical manifestation of the Islamic way of life, the core and kernel of Islam itself, asserts Joseph Schacht the internationally renowed Islamic law scholar. Indeed, the primary place of law in Islam as well as the preponderance of the legal over the theological in Muslim thinking has long been recognized by both Muslim jurisprudents and by Western legal scholars. At a time when Islamic fundamentalism is flourishing, the relation of religion in and to law-related behavior needs to be scrutinized. In its eight chapters, contributed by various experts in the field and with a cogent introduction by editor Daisy Hilse Dwyer that focuses on the sources of law, the reasons for its centrality in the Middle East, and personal status law, this volume considers Middle Eastern law as practiced by Muslims in a diversity of Middle Eastern nations. The dynamics of dispute settlement, the interaction of court personnel with litigants, the content of legislation, and the promulgation of public policies about law are detailed here as well as the power dynamics of law's interpersonal, intergroup, and international sides. Focusing on the specifics of contemporary politics and social life, the volume provides a baseline for understanding how, and the degree to which, the legal principles and the legal ethos elaborated in Islam centuries ago continue to provide a vital dynamic in legal behavior and thinking today. The first five chapters deal with the on-the-ground intricacies of personal status law. They detail the complex blend of options and constraints that Middle Easterners experience in confronting personal status issues and examine the different approaches to these issues by contrasting regional evironments and differentially empowered social groups. The last three chapters assess law in the public domain-an area in which the most striking recent applications of Islamic law have occurred. Law and Islam in the Middle East will be of particular value to international law experts, students of Islam, comparative law, and the Middle East, as well as practicing social scientists and others who seek a practical and philosophical understanding of how the spirit and letter of Islamic law constitute and reconstitute themselves with a fine-tuned responsiveness to a continuously changing nation and world.
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Book chapters on the topic "Dynamic behavior of power grids"

1

Purvee, Ariunbolor, and Ankhbayar Vandandorj. "Analysis of harmonic behavior in power grids with induction melting furnaces." In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Resources and Technology (RESAT 2023). Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-318-4_12.

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Wang, Zhe, Yubo Zheng, Xinhang Li, et al. "DP-YOLOv5: Computer Vision-Based Risk Behavior Detection in Power Grids." In Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88004-0_26.

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Mei, Shengwei, Xuemin Zhang, and Ming Cao. "Simplification, Equivalence, and Synchronization Control of Dynamic Power Grids." In Power Grid Complexity. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16211-4_8.

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Safari, Ashkan, Hamed Kheirandish Gharehbagh, Morteza Nazari-Heris, and Kazem Zare. "Design of a Dynamic Feedback LSTM Electricity Price Forecast of Smart Grids." In Power Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69358-8_14.

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Mishra, Pankaj, and T. Ghose. "Valuation of Dynamic VAR Support in Deregulated Power System." In Deregulated Electricity Structures and Smart Grids. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003278030-12.

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Zhang, Yu-ying, Chen Yang, and Li-peng Wan. "A Time-Space Multi-Scale Parallel Method for Dynamic Behavior Analysis of Complex Power System." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_175.

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Ueda, Tadanobu, Nobuyuki Takenaka, Hitoshi Asano, et al. "Visualization and Measurement of Dynamic Water Behavior in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell by Neutron Radiography." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_180.

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Kumar, Sourabh, Dheeraj Tripathi, Ankit Gupta, and J. Venkatramani. "Effect of Damping on Bifurcation and Synchronization Behavior of an Aeroelastic System Under Dynamic Stall." In Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, Volume 6. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5755-2_12.

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Alwesabi, Yaseen, and Nabil Mohammed. "Systems Optimization of Public Transportation Electrification Using Dynamic Wireless Charging Technology." In Electric Transportation Systems in Smart Power Grids. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003293989-12.

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Hadji, Lazreg, Vagelis Plevris, and Royal Madan. "Dynamic Behavior of Imperfect FGM Beams with Various Porosity Distribution Rates: Analysis and Modeling." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_126.

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AbstractThis study delves into the ramifications of manufacturing-induced defects, particularly porosities, on the dynamic behavior of functionally graded material (FGM) beams. These defects possess considerable potential to alter the structural integrity and performance of such elements. The principal objective of this investigation is to examine the free vibration properties of FGM beams incorporating porosities. A power-law formulation is employed to delineate the distribution of Young’s modulus across the beam thickness, while Poisson’s ratio is held constant. Diverse configurations of porosity distribution are thoroughly explored, and the fidelity of the proposed model is rigorously evaluated through comparative assessments. Additionally, this research endeavors to elucidate the effects of variations in porosity distribution rate, power-law index, and thickness ratio on the fundamental frequency of the beams.
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Conference papers on the topic "Dynamic behavior of power grids"

1

Grcev, L. "Dynamic Behavior of Grounding Grids." In 15th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exposition on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 2003. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.2003.10806234.

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Marthi, Phani R. V., Sayan Samanta, Suman Debnath, and Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri. "Behavior of Multiple PV Plants in Future Power Grids During Events." In IECON 2024 - 50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905125.

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Wu, Guanglu, Jianyun Liu, Shanshan Wang, Lin Yu, Rui Yin, and Quan Ma. "Analysis on the Non-minimum Phase Behavior of the Weak Grids Connected VSC." In 2024 3rd Asian Conference on Frontiers of Power and Energy (ACFPE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/acfpe63443.2024.10801077.

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Domoto, Koichi, Keiji Wada, and Shin-Ichiro Hayashi. "A Dynamic Visualization Simulator for Power Device Behavior in Power Converter Circuits." In 2024 13th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icrera62673.2024.10815514.

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Dai, Shuang, and Fanlin Meng. "Dynamic Load Usage Behavior Simulation in Smart Grids: A Data-Driven Approach in Urban Buildings." In 2024 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc63780.2024.10838950.

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Aman, Yaheya Al, and N. C. Sahoo. "Chaotic Behavior Assessment of Switched Reluctance Motor in Dynamic Conditions." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/pedes61459.2024.10961458.

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Peralta, Jaime, Victor Velar, Eugenio Quintana, Jean Mahseredjian, Henry Gras, and Hossein Ashourian. "Dynamic Behavior of Grid-forming Inverters in Large-scale Low-strength Power Grids." In 2024 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/td47997.2024.10555965.

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Maercks, Moritz, Patrick Larscheid, and Albert Moser. "Considering Dynamic Interdependencies in Modeling Reactive Power Behavior of Distribution Grids." In 2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccep.2019.8890069.

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Oskouei, Morteza Zare, Fatma Gülşen Erdinç, and Ozan Erdinç. "Analysis of Power-to-Heat Units Penetration Effect on Dynamic Behavior of Power Distribution Grids." In 2024 6th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gpecom61896.2024.10582678.

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Erlich, I., H. Wrede, and C. Feltes. "Dynamic Behavior of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines during Grid Faults." In 2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pccon.2007.373117.

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Reports on the topic "Dynamic behavior of power grids"

1

Wan, Y. H. Synchronized Phasor Data for Analyzing Wind Power Plant Dynamic Behavior and Model Validation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1067916.

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Flueck, Alex. High Fidelity, “Faster than Real-Time” Simulator for Predicting Power System Dynamic Behavior - Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1369569.

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Smith, O. L. Dynamic behavior and control requirements of an atmospheric fluidized-bed coal combustion power plant: A conceptual study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6434393.

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Moncada, Oscar, Zainab Imran, Connor Vickers, et al. Full-Scale Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer and Pilot Project Implementation. Purdue University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317744.

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Considering the challenges hindering the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and heavy-duty electric vehicles(HDEVs), the integration of dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) technology into roadways has gained interest. By embedding DWPT components into pavement, electrical power can be delivered to an EV or HDEV as they are in motion. Yet, large-scale implementation depends on further in-depth research, both to explore optimal construction methods and to understand the impact of embedment on the pavement’s resultant behavior. The objective of this project was trifold: (1) design and evaluate a transmitter-receiver topology for DWPT, (2) enhance the understanding of the interaction between the pavement and the embedded DWPT system, and (3) support the design and installation of a 230 kW DWPT system pilot for HDEVs on an existing INDOT roadway. A three-phase transmitter-receiver topology for DWPT was developed and validated, enabling the transmission of power across a wide range of vehicle classes while reducing the power oscillation that has been encountered in existing single-phase designs. To empirically evaluate the impact of DWPT on pavement, two pavement sections—one flexible and one rigid, were designed and constructed at an Accelerated Pavement Test (APT) facility. Following validation of the DWPT design through structural, thermal, and electromagnetic testing, Purdue University developed plans to establish a Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Testbed (DWPTT) along ¼-mile of US-231 near West Lafayette. This testbed will serve as a critical platform for the transition of DWPT technology from APT sections to a practical roadway environment.
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Ramakrishnan, Aravind, Fangyu Liu, Angeli Jayme, and Imad Al-Qadi. Prediction of Pavement Damage under Truck Platoons Utilizing a Combined Finite Element and Artificial Intelligence Model. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-030.

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For robust pavement design, accurate damage computation is essential, especially for loading scenarios such as truck platoons. Studies have developed a framework to compute pavement distresses as function of lateral position, spacing, and market-penetration level of truck platoons. The established framework uses a robust 3D pavement model, along with the AASHTOWare Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guidelines (MEPDG) transfer functions to compute pavement distresses. However, transfer functions include high variability and lack physical significance. Therefore, as an improvement to effectively predict permanent deformation, this study utilized a conventional Burger’s model, incorporating a nonlinear power-law dashpot, in lieu of a transfer function. Key components, including stress increments and the Jacobian, were derived for implementation in ABAQUS as a user subroutine. Model parameters were determined through asphalt concrete (AC) flow number and dynamic modulus tests. Using a nonlinear power-law dashpot, the model accurately characterized rutting under varying conditions. The Burger’s model was both verified and validated to check the accuracy of implementation and representative of the actual behavior, respectively. Initially developed in 1D domain, the validated Burger’s model was integrated into the robust 3D finite element (FE) pavement model to predict permanent deformation. A new load-pass approach (LPA) enabled reduction in computational domain and cost, along with implementing transient loads more efficiently. The combined integration of the LPA and the Burger’s model into the pavement model effectively captured the rutting progression per loading cycle. Moreover, a graph neural network (GNN) was established to extend the prediction power of the framework, while strategically limiting the FE numerical matrix. The FE model data was transformed into a graph structure, converting FE model components into corresponding graph nodes and edges. The GNN-based pavement simulator (GPS) was developed to model 3D pavement responses, integrating three key components: encoder, processor, and decoder. The GPS model employed two-layer multilayer perceptrons (MLP) for the encoder and decoder, while utilizing graph network (GN) technology for the processor. Validation occurred through two case studies—OneStep and Rollout—with results compared against FE model data as ground truth. Results demonstrated that the GPS model provides an accurate and computationally efficient alternative to traditional 3D pavement FE simulations.
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Bailey Bond, Robert, Pu Ren, James Fong, Hao Sun, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Physics-informed Machine Learning Framework for Seismic Fragility Analysis of Steel Structures. Northeastern University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20680141.

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The seismic assessment of structures is a critical step to increase community resilience under earthquake hazards. This research aims to develop a Physics-reinforced Machine Learning (PrML) paradigm for metamodeling of nonlinear structures under seismic hazards using artificial intelligence. Structural metamodeling, a reduced-fidelity surrogate model to a more complex structural model, enables more efficient performance-based design and analysis, optimizing structural designs and ease the computational effort for reliability fragility analysis, leading to globally efficient designs while maintaining required levels of accuracy. The growing availability of high-performance computing has improved this analysis by providing the ability to evaluate higher order numerical models. However, more complex models of the seismic response of various civil structures demand increasing amounts of computing power. In addition, computational cost greatly increases with numerous iterations to account for optimization and stochastic loading (e.g., Monte Carlo simulations or Incremental Dynamic Analysis). To address the large computational burden, simpler models are desired for seismic assessment with fragility analysis. Physics reinforced Machine Learning integrates physics knowledge (e.g., scientific principles, laws of physics) into the traditional machine learning architectures, offering physically bounded, interpretable models that require less data than traditional methods. This research introduces a PrML framework to develop fragility curves using the combination of neural networks of domain knowledge. The first aim involves clustering and selecting ground motions for nonlinear response analysis of archetype buildings, ensuring that selected ground motions will include as few ground motions as possible while still expressing all the key representative events the structure will probabilistically experience in its lifetime. The second aim constructs structural PrML metamodels to capture the nonlinear behavior of these buildings utilizing the nonlinear Equation of Motion (EOM). Embedding physical principles, like the general form of the EOM, into the learning process will inform the system to stay within known physical bounds, resulting in interpretable results, robust inferencing, and the capability of dealing with incomplete and scarce data. The third and final aim applies the metamodels to probabilistic seismic response prediction, fragility analysis, and seismic performance factor development. The efficiency and accuracy of this approach are evaluated against existing physics-based fragility analysis methods.
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Comparative Analysis on Fuel Consumption Between Two Online Strategies for P2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) vs Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0740.

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Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) represent one of the main technological options for reducing vehicle CO2 emissions, helping car manufacturers (OEMs) to meet the stricter targets which are set by the European Green Deal for new passenger cars at 80 g CO2/km by 2025. The optimal power-split between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electric motor is a challenge since it depends on many unpredictable variables. In fact, HEV improvements in fuel economy and emissions strongly depend on the energy management strategy (EMS) on-board of the vehicle. Dynamic Programming approach (DP), direct methods and Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) are some of the most used methodologies to optimize the HEV power-split. In this paper two online strategies are evaluated: an Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) and an Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). At first, a description of the P2 HEV model is made. Second, the two sub-optimal strategies are described in detail and then implemented on the HEV model to derive the fuel-optimal control strategy managing the power split between the thermal and electric engine to satisfy the driver's power request, including the engine on/off operating mode and the best gear selection. Finally, the two proposed strategies are tested on different driving cycles and then compared to other commercial strategies available in literature, such as the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and a RuleBased (RB) strategy. The results show that the A-ECMS is more conservative in terms of state of charge (SoC) compared to the A-RB. In fact, in the A-ECMS the SoC is always within the admissible range with considerable margin from the upper and lower limits for tested cycles, while in the A-RB a deep discharge of the battery is allowed. This behavior leads to a better fuel consumption of the A-RB compared to the A-ECMS, both in the WLTC and in the FTP-75 cycle.
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