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Journal articles on the topic 'Dynamic coacervates'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 October 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gruber, Dominik, Cristina Ruiz-Agudo, Ashit Rao, Simon Pasler, Helmut Cölfen, and Elena V. Sturm. "Complex Coacervates: From Polyelectrolyte Solutions to Multifunctional Hydrogels for Bioinspired Crystallization." Crystals 14, no. 11 (2024): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14110959.

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Hydrogels represent multifarious functional materials due to their diverse ranges of applicability and physicochemical properties. The complex coacervation of polyacrylate and calcium ions or polyamines with phosphates has been uncovered to be a fascinating approach to synthesizing of multifunctional physically crosslinked hydrogels. To obtain this wide range of properties, the synthesis pathway is of great importance. For this purpose, we investigated the entire mechanism of calcium/polyacrylate, as well as phosphate/polyamine coacervation, starting from early dynamic ion complexation by the

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2

Furlani, Franco, Pietro Parisse, and Pasquale Sacco. "On the Formation and Stability of Chitosan/Hyaluronan-Based Complex Coacervates." Molecules 25, no. 5 (2020): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051071.

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This contribution is aimed at extending our previous findings on the formation and stability of chitosan/hyaluronan-based complex coacervates. Colloids are herewith formed by harnessing electrostatic interactions between the two polyelectrolytes. The presence of tiny amounts of the multivalent anion tripolyphosphate (TPP) in the protocol synthesis serves as an adjuvant “point-like” cross-linker for chitosan. Hydrochloride chitosans at different viscosity average molar mass, M v ¯ , in the range 10,000–400,000 g/mol, and fraction of acetylated units, FA, (0.16, 0.46 and 0.63) were selected to f

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3

Zeng, Yuqi, Long Zhao, Yihao Liu, Tianhuan Peng, Yifan Lyu, and Quan Yuan. "Biomimetic and Biological Applications of DNA Coacervates." Chinese Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 12 (2025): 1442–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.202401276.

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Comprehensive SummaryRecent progress in nanotechnology and synthetic biology has demonstrated the potential of DNA coacervates for biomimetic and biological applications. DNA coacervates are micron‐scale, membrane‐free, spherical structures formed by liquid‐liquid phase separation of DNA materials. They uniquely combine the programmability of DNA with the fluidic properties of coacervates, allowing for controlled modulation of their structures, biomimetic and biological functions, and dynamic behaviors through rational sequence design. This review summarizes methods for the formation of differ

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4

Zheng, Jiabao, Qing Gao, Ge Ge та ін. "Dynamic equilibrium of β-conglycinin/lysozyme heteroprotein complex coacervates". Food Hydrocolloids 124 (березень 2022): 107339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107339.

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5

Vecchies, Federica, Pasquale Sacco, Eleonora Marsich, Giuseppe Cinelli, Francesco Lopez, and Ivan Donati. "Binary Solutions of Hyaluronan and Lactose-Modified Chitosan: The Influence of Experimental Variables in Assembling Complex Coacervates." Polymers 12, no. 4 (2020): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040897.

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A miscibility study between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, namely hyaluronic acid and a lactose-modified chitosan, is here reported. Experimental variables such as polymers’ weight ratios, pH values, ionic strengths and hyaluronic acid molecular weights were considered. Transmittance analyses demonstrated the mutual solubility of the two biopolymers at a neutral pH. The onset of the liquid-liquid phase separation due to electrostatic interactions between the two polymers was detected at pH 4.5, and it was found to be affected by the overall ionic strength, the modality of mixing and the

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6

Aponte-Rivera, Christian, and Michael Rubinstein. "Dynamic Coupling in Unentangled Liquid Coacervates Formed by Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes." Macromolecules 54, no. 4 (2021): 1783–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01393.

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7

Mohanty, B., V. K. Aswal, P. S. Goyal, and H. B. Bohidar. "Small-angle neutron and dynamic light scattering study of gelatin coacervates." Pramana 63, no. 2 (2004): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02704984.

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8

Lin, Ya’nan, Hairong Jing, Zhijun Liu, Jiaxin Chen, and Dehai Liang. "Dynamic Behavior of Complex Coacervates with Internal Lipid Vesicles under Nonequilibrium Conditions." Langmuir 36, no. 7 (2020): 1709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03561.

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9

Wang, Lechuan, Mengzhuo Liu, Panpan Guo, et al. "Understanding the structure, interfacial properties, and digestion fate of high internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilized by food-grade coacervates: Tracing the dynamic transition from coacervates to complexes." Food Chemistry 414 (July 2023): 135718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135718.

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10

Furlani, Franco, Ivan Donati, Eleonora Marsich, and Pasquale Sacco. "Characterization of Chitosan/Hyaluronan Complex Coacervates Assembled by Varying Polymers Weight Ratio and Chitosan Physical-Chemical Composition." Colloids and Interfaces 4, no. 1 (2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids4010012.

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Herein, we synthetized and characterized polysaccharide-based complex coacervates starting from two water-soluble biopolymers, i.e., hydrochloride chitosans and sodium hyaluronan. We used chitosans encompassing a range of molecular weights from 30,000 to 400,000 and showing different fraction of acetylated units (i.e., FA = 0.16, 0.46, and 0.63). This set of chitosans was mixed with a low molecular weight hyaluronan to promote electrostatic interactions. Resulting colloids were analyzed in terms of size, polydispersity and surface charge by Dynamic Light Scattering. The weight ratio between th

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11

Bohidar, H., P. L. Dubin, P. R. Majhi, C. Tribet, and W. Jaeger. "Effects of Protein−Polyelectrolyte Affinity and Polyelectrolyte Molecular Weight on Dynamic Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin−Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Coacervates." Biomacromolecules 6, no. 3 (2005): 1573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm049174p.

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12

Danielsen, Scott P. O., James McCarty, Joan-Emma Shea, Kris T. Delaney, and Glenn H. Fredrickson. "Molecular design of self-coacervation phenomena in block polyampholytes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 17 (2019): 8224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900435116.

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Coacervation is a common phenomenon in natural polymers and has been applied to synthetic materials systems for coatings, adhesives, and encapsulants. Single-component coacervates are formed when block polyampholytes exhibit self-coacervation, phase separating into a dense liquid coacervate phase rich in the polyampholyte coexisting with a dilute supernatant phase, a process implicated in the liquid–liquid phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins. Using fully fluctuating field-theoretic simulations using complex Langevin sampling and complementary molecular-dynamics simulations, w

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13

Bos, Inge, Eline Brink, Lucile Michels, and Joris Sprakel. "DNA dynamics in complex coacervate droplets and micelles." Soft Matter 18, no. 10 (2022): 2012–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01787j.

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DNA can be mixed with oppositely charged homopolymers or diblock copolymers to form respectively complex coacervate droplets or complex coacervate core micelles. We study the chain length effect on the dynamics of these complex coacervate structures.

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14

Tom, Jenna K. A., and Ashok A. Deniz. "Complex dynamics of multicomponent biological coacervates." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 56 (December 2021): 101488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101488.

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15

Peixoto, Paulo D. S., Guilherme M. Tavares, Thomas Croguennec, et al. "Structure and Dynamics of Heteroprotein Coacervates." Langmuir 32, no. 31 (2016): 7821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01015.

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16

Wang, Shengbo, Changlong Chen, Bor-Jier Shiau, and Jeffrey H. Harwell. "Counterion binding on coacervation of dioctyl sulfosuccinate in aqueous sodium chloride." Soft Matter 15, no. 18 (2019): 3771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02531b.

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A simple coacervate-forming system consisting of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) in aqueous NaCl solution was investigated by turbidity measurement, electromotive force measurement (EMF), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) to reveal the role of counterion binding in the microstructural changes behind the evolution of the coacervate phase.

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17

Kausik, Ravinath, Aasheesh Srivastava, Peter A. Korevaar, Galen Stucky, J. Herbert Waite, and Songi Han. "Local Water Dynamics in Coacervated Polyelectrolytes Monitored through Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced1H NMR." Macromolecules 42, no. 19 (2009): 7404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma901137g.

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18

Kausik, Ravinath, Aasheesh Srivastava, Peter A. Korevaar, Galen Stucky, J. Herbert Waite, and Songi Han. "Local Water Dynamics in Coacervated Polyelectrolytes Monitored through Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced1H NMR." Macromolecules 43, no. 6 (2010): 3122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma902825f.

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19

Armstrong, James P. K., Sam N. Olof, Monika D. Jakimowicz, et al. "Cell paintballing using optically targeted coacervate microdroplets." Chemical Science 6, no. 11 (2015): 6106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc02266e.

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20

Karoui, Hedi, Marianne J. Seck, and Nicolas Martin. "Self-programmed enzyme phase separation and multiphase coacervate droplet organization." Chemical Science 12, no. 8 (2021): 2794–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc06418a.

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21

Lambden, Edward, and Martin B. Ulmschneider. "Coarse grained antimicrobial coacervated nanoparticle dynamics." Biophysical Journal 122, no. 3 (2023): 371a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.2044.

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22

Liu, Yang, Rongrong Zou, Yiwei Wang, et al. "Investigating coacervates as drug carriers using molecular dynamics." Precision Medicine and Engineering 1, no. 2 (2024): 100012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.preme.2024.100012.

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23

Kayitmazer, A. Basak, Himadri B. Bohidar, Kevin W. Mattison, et al. "Mesophase separation and probe dynamics in protein–polyelectrolyte coacervates." Soft Matter 3, no. 8 (2007): 1064–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b701334e.

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24

Yu, Boyuan, Phillip M. Rauscher, Nicholas E. Jackson, Artem M. Rumyantsev, and Juan J. de Pablo. "Crossover from Rouse to Reptation Dynamics in Salt-Free Polyelectrolyte Complex Coacervates." ACS Macro Letters 9, no. 9 (2020): 1318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00522.

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25

Ortony, Julia H., Dong Soo Hwang, John M. Franck, J. Herbert Waite, and Songi Han. "Asymmetric Collapse in Biomimetic Complex Coacervates Revealed by Local Polymer and Water Dynamics." Biomacromolecules 14, no. 5 (2013): 1395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm4000579.

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26

Liu, Wei, Jie Deng, Siyu Song, Soumya Sethi, and Andreas Walther. "A facile DNA coacervate platform for engineering wetting, engulfment, fusion and transient behavior." Communications Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42004-024-01185-4.

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AbstractBiomolecular coacervates are emerging models to understand biological systems and important building blocks for designer applications. DNA can be used to build up programmable coacervates, but often the processes and building blocks to make those are only available to specialists. Here, we report a simple approach for the formation of dynamic, multivalency-driven coacervates using long single-stranded DNA homopolymer in combination with a series of palindromic binders to serve as a synthetic coacervate droplet. We reveal details on how the length and sequence of the multivalent binders

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27

Appelhans, Dietmar, Yang Zhou, Kehu Zhang, Silvia Moreno, Achim Temme, and Brigitte Voit. "Continuous Transformation from Membrane‐less Coacervates to Membranized Coacervates and Giant Vesicles: toward Multicompartmental Protocells with Complex (Membrane) Architectures." Angewandte Chemie, June 7, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202407472.

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The membranization of membrane‐less coacervates paves the way for the exploitation of complex protocells with regard to structural and cell‐like functional behaviors. However, the controlled transformation from membranized coacervates to vesicles remains a challenge. This can provide stable (multi)phase and (multi)compartmental architectures through the reconfiguration of coacervate droplets in the presence of (bioactive) polymers, bio(macro)molecules and/or nanoobjects. Herein, we present a continuous protocell transformation from membrane‐less coacervates to membranized coacervates and, ulti

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28

Appelhans, Dietmar, Yang Zhou, Kehu Zhang, Silvia Moreno, Achim Temme, and Brigitte Voit. "Continuous Transformation from Membrane‐less Coacervates to Membranized Coacervates and Giant Vesicles: toward Multicompartmental Protocells with Complex (Membrane) Architectures." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, June 7, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202407472.

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The membranization of membrane‐less coacervates paves the way for the exploitation of complex protocells with regard to structural and cell‐like functional behaviors. However, the controlled transformation from membranized coacervates to vesicles remains a challenge. This can provide stable (multi)phase and (multi)compartmental architectures through the reconfiguration of coacervate droplets in the presence of (bioactive) polymers, bio(macro)molecules and/or nanoobjects. Herein, we present a continuous protocell transformation from membrane‐less coacervates to membranized coacervates and, ulti

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29

Cao, Shoupeng, Peng Zhou, Guizhi Shen, et al. "Binary peptide coacervates as an active model for biomolecular condensates." Nature Communications 16, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57772-z.

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Abstract Biomolecular condensates formed by proteins and nucleic acids are critical for cellular processes. Macromolecule-based coacervate droplets formed by liquid-liquid phase separation serve as synthetic analogues, but are limited by complex compositions and high molecular weights. Recently, short peptides have emerged as an alternative component of coacervates, but tend to form metastable microdroplets that evolve into rigid nanostructures. Here we present programmable coacervates using binary mixtures of diphenylalanine-based short peptides. We show that the presence of different short p

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30

Nair, Karthika S., Sreelakshmi Radhakrishnan, and Harsha Bajaj. "Dynamic Duos: Coacervate‐Lipid Membrane Interactions in Regulating Membrane Transformation and Condensate Size." Small, March 30, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202501470.

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AbstractBiomolecular condensates interfacing with lipid membranes is crucial for several key cellular functions. However, the role of lipid membranes in regulating condensates in cells remains obscure. Here, in‐depth interactions between condensates and lipid membranes are probed and unraveled by employing cell‐mimetic systems like Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). An unprecedented influence of the coacervate size and their electrostatic interaction with lipid membranes is revealed on the membrane properties and deformation. Importantly, these findings demonstrate that the large relative size

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31

Kluczka, Eugénie, Valentin Rinaldo, Angélique Coutable-Pennarun, Claire Stines-Chaumeil, J. L. Ross Anderson, and Nicolas Martin. "Enhanced Catalytic Activity of a de novo Enzyme in a Coacervate Phase." ChemCatChem, May 8, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202400558.

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Biomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles that orchestrate various metabolic pathways in living cells. Understanding how these crowded structures regulate enzyme reactions remains yet challenging due to their dynamic and intricate nature. Coacervate microdroplets formed by associative liquid‐liquid phase separation of oppositely charged polyions have emerged as relevant condensate models to study enzyme catalysis. Enzyme reactions within these droplets show altered kinetics, influenced by factors such as enzyme and substrate partitioning, crowding, and interactions with coacervate c

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32

Cao, Shoupeng, Siyu Song, Tsvetomir Ivanov, et al. "Synthetic Biomolecular Condensates: Phase‐Separation Control, Cytomimetic Modelling and Emerging Biomedical Potential." Angewandte Chemie, November 22, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202418431.

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Liquid‐liquid phase separation towards the formation of synthetic coacervate droplets represents a rapidly advancing frontier in the fields of synthetic biology, material science, and biomedicine. These artificial constructures mimic the biophysical principles and dynamic features of natural biomolecular condensates that are pivotal for cellular regulation and organization. Via adapting biological concepts, synthetic condensates with dynamic phase‐separation control provide crucial insights into the fundamental cell processes and regulation of complex biological pathways. They are increasingly

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33

Cao, Shoupeng, Siyu Song, Tsvetomir Ivanov, et al. "Synthetic Biomolecular Condensates: Phase‐Separation Control, Cytomimetic Modelling and Emerging Biomedical Potential." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, November 22, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202418431.

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Liquid‐liquid phase separation towards the formation of synthetic coacervate droplets represents a rapidly advancing frontier in the fields of synthetic biology, material science, and biomedicine. These artificial constructures mimic the biophysical principles and dynamic features of natural biomolecular condensates that are pivotal for cellular regulation and organization. Via adapting biological concepts, synthetic condensates with dynamic phase‐separation control provide crucial insights into the fundamental cell processes and regulation of complex biological pathways. They are increasingly

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34

Wang, Jiahua, Manzar Abbas, Yu Huang, Junyou Wang, and Yuehua Li. "Redox-responsive peptide-based complex coacervates as delivery vehicles with controlled release of proteinous drugs." Communications Chemistry 6, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42004-023-01044-8.

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AbstractProteinous drugs are highly promising therapeutics to treat various diseases. However, they suffer from limited circulation times and severe off-target side effects. Inspired by active membraneless organelles capable of dynamic recruitment and releasing of specific proteins, here, we present the design of coacervates as therapeutic protocells, made from small metabolites (anionic molecules) and simple arginine-rich peptides (cationic motif) through liquid-liquid phase separation. These complex coacervates demonstrate that their assembly and disassembly can be regulated by redox chemist

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35

Bal, Subhajit, Saurabh Gupta, Chiranjit Mahato, and Dibyendu Das. "Catalytically Active Coacervates Sustained under Out‐of‐Equilibrium Conditions." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, April 14, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202505296.

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Metabolically active membraneless organelles of extant biology have the capability to maintain their structure under non‐equilibrium conditions by leveraging chemical reactions. Herein, we report active coacervates accessed via a mixture of minimal building blocks that featured π‐electron rich short peptide, positively charged aldehyde, and a cyclic ketone under non‐equilibrium conditions. Peptide bound with the aldehyde by a dynamic covalent bond and demixed to form coacervates through hydrophobic interactions. Importantly, the short‐peptide could utilize its free amine (β‐alanine) to catalyz

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36

Bal, Subhajit, Saurabh Gupta, Chiranjit Mahato, and Dibyendu Das. "Catalytically Active Coacervates Sustained under Out‐of‐Equilibrium Conditions." Angewandte Chemie, April 14, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202505296.

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Metabolically active membraneless organelles of extant biology have the capability to maintain their structure under non‐equilibrium conditions by leveraging chemical reactions. Herein, we report active coacervates accessed via a mixture of minimal building blocks that featured π‐electron rich short peptide, positively charged aldehyde, and a cyclic ketone under non‐equilibrium conditions. Peptide bound with the aldehyde by a dynamic covalent bond and demixed to form coacervates through hydrophobic interactions. Importantly, the short‐peptide could utilize its free amine (β‐alanine) to catalyz

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37

Sugawara-Narutaki, Ayae. "Self-assembled nanofibers and hydrogels of double-hydrophobic elastin-like polypeptides formed via coacervation." Polymer Journal, March 21, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-025-01028-6.

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Abstract The soluble precursors of elastin protein and elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are polymers that typically undergo liquid‒liquid phase separation to form coacervates. In addition to their fundamental importance in biology, the dynamic nature of coacervates makes them attractive platforms as innovative materials in bioengineering and nanomedicine. This focus review presents the latest research on the requirements of elastin-like polypeptide sequences for phase separation and the dynamics of coacervates. Research attempting to control the phase-transition behavior of ELPs in living cell

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38

Chen, Hongfei, Yishu Bao, Xiaojing Li, et al. "Cell Surface Engineering by Phase‐Separated Coacervates for Antibody Display and Targeted Cancer Cell Therapy." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, August 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202410566.

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Cell therapies such as CAR‐T have demonstrated significant clinical successes, driving the investigation of immune cell surface engineering using natural and synthetic materials to enhance their therapeutic performance. However, many of these materials do not fully replicate the dynamic nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study presents a cell surface engineering strategy that utilizes phase‐separated peptide coacervates to decorate the surface of immune cells. We meticulously designed a tripeptide, Fmoc‐Lys‐Gly‐Dopa‐OH (KGdelta; Fmoc = fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl; delta = Dopa, dihy

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Chen, Hongfei, Yishu Bao, Xiaojing Li, et al. "Cell Surface Engineering by Phase‐Separated Coacervates for Antibody Display and Targeted Cancer Cell Therapy." Angewandte Chemie, August 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202410566.

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Cell therapies such as CAR‐T have demonstrated significant clinical successes, driving the investigation of immune cell surface engineering using natural and synthetic materials to enhance their therapeutic performance. However, many of these materials do not fully replicate the dynamic nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study presents a cell surface engineering strategy that utilizes phase‐separated peptide coacervates to decorate the surface of immune cells. We meticulously designed a tripeptide, Fmoc‐Lys‐Gly‐Dopa‐OH (KGdelta; Fmoc = fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl; delta = Dopa, dihy

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40

Jimenez Granda, Edison Rafael, Hedi Karoui, Xavier Brilland, Jean-Christophe Baret, and Nicolas Martin. "Light‐responsive mononucleotide coacervates." Chemistry – A European Journal, April 17, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202501109.

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Liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) is central to the formation of biomolecular condensates in modern cells and is also explored as a mechanism for assembling protocells. Phase‐separated droplets provide dynamic micro‐environments that concentrate reactants, enhance reactions, and allow molecular exchange, essential for both cellular regulation and adaptive compartmentalization. While modern cells achieve dynamic LLPS through enzymatic and metabolic pathways, protocells may be designed to harness external stimuli such as pH, temperature, redox potential, or light. However, existing studies o

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41

Blanco‐López, Marcos, Alejandro Marcos‐García, Álvaro González‐Garcinuño, Antonio Tabernero, and Eva M. Martín del Valle. "Exploring the effect of experimental conditions on the synthesis and stability of alginate–gelatin coacervates." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 35, no. 8 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.6554.

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AbstractAlginate–gelatin coacervation has been studied by considering different experimental parameters, such as gelatin preheating, pH, alginate–gelatin ratio and their respective concentrations, and salt effect. Results were assessed in terms of size and polydispersion via dynamic light scattering, electrostatic charge in the surface by zeta potential measurements, electrostatic interaction forces by static light scattering, stability by turbidimetry and viscoelastic and pseudoplastic behavior by rheology (oscillatory and statistical analysis). According to the results, gelatin structure has

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42

Ivanov, Tsvetomir, Thao P. Doan‐Nguyen, Mohammed Amin Belahouane, et al. "Coacervate Droplets as Biomimetic Models for Designing Cell‐Like Microreactors." Macromolecular Rapid Communications, November 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.202400626.

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AbstractCoacervates are versatile compartments formed by liquid–liquid phase separation. Their dynamic behavior and molecularly crowded microenvironment make them ideal materials for creating cell‐like systems such as synthetic cells and microreactors. Recently, combinations of synthetic and natural molecules have been exploited via simple or complex coacervation to create compartments that can be used to build hierarchical chemical systems with life‐like properties. This review highlights recent advances in the design of coacervate compartments and their application as biomimetic compartments

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43

Choi, Hyunsuk, Yuri Hong, Saeed Najafi, et al. "Spontaneous Transition of Spherical Coacervate to Vesicle‐Like Compartment." Advanced Science, December 8, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202305978.

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AbstractNumerous biological systems contain vesicle‐like biomolecular compartments without membranes, which contribute to diverse functions including gene regulation, stress response, signaling, and skin barrier formation. Coacervation, as a form of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), is recognized as a representative precursor to the formation and assembly of membrane‐less vesicle‐like structures, although their formation mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a coacervation‐driven membrane‐less vesicle‐like structure is constructed using two proteins, GG1234 (an anionic intrinsically d

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44

Nair, Karthika S., Sreelakshmi Radhakrishnan, and Harsha Bajaj. "Dynamic Control of Functional Coacervates in Synthetic Cells." ACS Synthetic Biology, June 19, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.3c00249.

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45

Späth, Fabian, Anton S. Maier, Michele Stasi, et al. "The Role of Chemically Innocent Polyanions in Active, Chemically Fueled Complex Coacervates." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, August 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202309318.

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Complex coacervation describes the liquid‐liquid phase separation of oppositely charged polymers. Active coacervates are droplets in which one of the electrolyte´s affinity is regulated by chemical reactions. These droplets are particularly interesting because they are tightly regulated by reaction kinetics. For example, they serve as a model for membraneless organelles that are also often regulated by biochemical transformations such as posttranslational modifications. They are also a great protocell model or could be used to synthesize life—they spontaneously emerge in response to reagents,

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46

Späth, Fabian, Anton S. Maier, Michele Stasi, et al. "The Role of Chemically Innocent Polyanions in Active, Chemically Fueled Complex Coacervates." Angewandte Chemie, August 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202309318.

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Abstract:

Complex coacervation describes the liquid‐liquid phase separation of oppositely charged polymers. Active coacervates are droplets in which one of the electrolyte´s affinity is regulated by chemical reactions. These droplets are particularly interesting because they are tightly regulated by reaction kinetics. For example, they serve as a model for membraneless organelles that are also often regulated by biochemical transformations such as posttranslational modifications. They are also a great protocell model or could be used to synthesize life—they spontaneously emerge in response to reagents,

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47

Kishimura, Akihiro, Biplab K C, Teruki Nii, Takeshi Mori, and Yoshiki Katayama. "Dynamic frustrated charge hotspots created by charge density modulation sequester globular proteins into complex coacervates." Chemical Science, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3sc00993a.

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This study presents a simple strategy for the sequestration of globular proteins as clients into synthetic polypeptide-based complex coacervates as a scaffold, thereby recapitulating the scaffold-client interaction found in biological...

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48

Ardestani, Faezeh, Ali Haghighi Asl, and Ali Rafe. "Characterization of caseinate-pectin complex coacervates as a carrier for delivery and controlled-release of saffron extract." Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 11, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40538-024-00647-0.

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AbstractIn this work, microcapsules were developed by the complex coacervation of sodium caseinate and pectin as a carrier for saffron extract. Parameters such as Zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, and microscopic techniques were investigated for their influence on the formation of these complexes. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the reaction mechanism between the protein and tannic acid or saffron extract. The study revealed that core/shell and protein/polysaccharide (Pr/Ps) ratios play a role in the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (

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Gordon-Kim, Christella, Allisandra Rha, George A. Poppitz, et al. "Polyanion order controls liquid-to-solid phase transition in peptide/nucleic acid co-assembly." Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 9 (November 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.991728.

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The Central Dogma highlights the mutualistic functions of protein and nucleic acid biopolymers, and this synergy appears prominently in the membraneless organelles widely distributed throughout prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms alike. Ribonucleoprotein granules (RNPs), which are complex coacervates of RNA with proteins, are a prime example of these membranelles organelles and underly multiple essential cellular functions. Inspired by the highly dynamic character of these organelles and the recent studies that ATP both inhibits and templates phase separation of the fused in sarcoma (FUS) pro

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Cai, Jiyang, Shumin Zhang, Shuqin Zheng, Yunyi Yang, Zhili Wan, and Xiaoquan Yang. "Multistep dynamic wetting of soy protein coacervates at hydrophobic interfaces." Food Hydrocolloids, September 2024, 110616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.110616.

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