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1

Ma, Ma Gyi, San Naing San, and Ei San Pann. "Performance of Best Route Selection using RIP and OSPF Routing Protocols." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 1979–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591743.

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Routing protocols determine the best routes to transfer data from one node to another and specify how routers communicate between each other in order to complete this task. There are different classes of routing protocols, two of which are Exterior Gateway Protocol EGP and Interior Gateway Routing IGR . A routing protocol can be dynamic or static, as well as distance vector or link state. This paper presents the performance of best route selection using dynamic routing protocols such as Routing Information Protocol RIP and Open Shortest Path First OSPF . The network is designed to connect the
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K.Thamizhmaran. "Optimization Link Sate Routing Analysis with Destination Sequenced Distance Vector for MANET." Journal of Research in Electrical Power System 1, no. 1 (2025): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15210274.

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<em>Every node functions as a router, finding and maintaining routes to other nodes in the network to let them know about their benefits. However, security, energy, and transmission are still disadvantages.&nbsp; In a mobile setting, routing is handled via a variety of protocols.&nbsp; Routing protocol performance is a critical issue due to its extremely dynamic nature.&nbsp; The two well-known protocols that will be the subject of this study are the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) protocols. When the routing protocols are built using NS2.34
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Khanchandani, Shailesh Kumar. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS (DSDV, OLSR) & REACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS (AODV, DSR) IN MANET USING NS-3." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30773.

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The abstract outlines a comprehensive analysis focusing on routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Ad-hoc networks are dynamic wireless networks without a central infrastructure. This analysis compares two types of routing protocols—proactive (table-driven) and reactive (on-demand)—using simulation analysis. The protocols DSDV, OLSR, AODV, and DSR are evaluated using NS-3, considering various performance metrics under different scenarios. The research aims to provide insights into protocol strengths and weaknesses, aiding network protocol selection and potential enhancements. Thi
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Dulal, Chakraborty, Jugal Krishna Das Dr., and Md. Imdadul Islam Dr. "Performance Evaluation of Dynamic Source Routing Protocol." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 7 (2022): 1808–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6965440.

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Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure less network where the nodes doesn&rsquo;t required any fixed infrastructure or base station to transmit data. Nodes are self-organizing and selfconfiguring. The routing protocol is used in such a network to find a proper link through which packets will be transmitting from its source to destination. An ad-hoc network routing protocol aims to meet the challenges of dynamically changing topologies in a network and handle a lot of nodes with limited resources. It is a challenging task to design routing protocols for these types of networks due t
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Kyaw, Zay Oo. "Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in University Network." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 1240–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3590646.

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In an enterprise network, multiple dynamic routing protocols are used for forwarding packets with the best routes. Therefore, performance of the network is based on routing protocols and the route redistribution is an important issue in an enterprise network that has been configured by multiple different routing protocols in its routers. So, aim of the system is to analyze the performance and comparison of different Interior Gateway routing protocols. Routing is depended on many parameters critical such as network convergence time, Ethernet delay, throughput, end to end delay, jitter, packet d
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Jeyaprakash, Thangakumar, and Rajeswari Mukesh. "An Optimized Node Selection Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks – A Hybrid Model." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 11, no. 2 (2015): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v11i2.106.

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Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are a subset of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks made by vehicles communicating among themselves on roadways. The Routing protocols implemented for MANETs such as Ad-hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequence Distance Vector Routing Protocol (DSDV) are not suitable for VANET due to high Mobility. Trusted routing in VANET is a challenging task due to highly dynamic network topology and openness of wireless architecture. To avoid a frequent communication link failure, to reduce the communication overhead
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Yusuf, Muhammad, and Radityo Anggoro. "Analisis perbandingan wireless network standard 802.11a dan 802.11p berdasarkan protokol dynamic source routing di lingkungan vehicular ad hoc networks." Register: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem Informasi 3, no. 2 (2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/register.v3i2.1040.

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Routing pada Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) merupakan kasus yang unik karena tingginya perubahan jaringannya. VANET sendiri juga digolongkan dalam Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), sehingga protokol-protokol routing yang ada pada MANET dapat juga dipakai pada VANET. Pemilihan protokol routing menjadi salah satu aspek yang cukup penting. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan melakukan evaluasi seberapa kuatnya protokol Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) dalam menghadapi berbagai skenario VANET yang memiliki kepadatan bervariasi di dalam lalu lintas perkotaan. Digunakan protokol 802.11p dalam ruang ling
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8

Kadhim, Dheyaa Jasim, and Ali Abdulwahhab Mohammed. "Proposed emerged and enhanced routing protocols for wireless networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (2021): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp871-879.

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The problem motivation of this work deals with how to control the network overhead and reduce the network latency that may cause many unwanted loops resulting from using standard routing. This work proposes three different wireless routing protocols which they are originally using some advantages for famous wireless ad-hoc routing protocols such as dynamic source routing (DSR), optimized link state routing (OLSR), destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV) and zone routing protocol (ZRP). The first proposed routing protocol is presented an enhanced destination sequenced distance vector (E-DS
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Kadhim, Dheyaa Jasim, and Ali Abdulwahhab Mohammed. "Proposed emerged and enhanced routing protocols for wireless networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 1 (2021): 871–79. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp871-879.

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The problem motivation of this work deals with how to control the network overhead and reduce the network latency that may cause many unwanted loops resulting from using standard routing. This work proposes three different wireless routing protocols which they are originally using some advantages for famous wireless ad-hoc routing protocols such as dynamic source routing (DSR), optimized link state routing (OLSR), destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV) and zone routing protocol (ZRP). The first proposed routing protocol is presented an enhanced destination sequenced distance vector (E-DS
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10

Ameen, Nabeena, Najumnissa Jamal, and L. Arun Raj. "Comparative analysis of energy based optimized dynamic source multipath routing protocol in WSNs." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 1 (2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i1.pp441-455.

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&lt;p&gt;Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been considered to be a formula for overcoming various requirements like surveillance, health care, traffic surveillance and defense systems. As an aid to the demands for Wireless sensor network, research has been going on the efficient consumption of energy and secure communication areas for WSN. Here introducing Ant colony optimization based Optimized dynamic Secure multipath routing protocol (ODMRP) have improvised WSN in terms of energy efficiency, performance, strength and scalability. This paper proposed mechanism of Ant Colony Optimization base
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11

Praba. R, Sedhuvignesh. M, Vishal, and Sedhu. "Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol for Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing in Manets." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10, no. 3 (2024): 691–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/cseit24103212.

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Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) pose challenges in managing dynamic energy consumption and optimizing network lifetime. This study proposes an improved hybrid routing protocol by integrating situation-adaptive routing and energy-efficient multipath routing strategies. We identified two promising routing protocols, FF-AOMDV and STFDR. While FF-AOMDV minimizes energy consumption, it ignores loss of power, resulting in link failures and reduced MANET lifetime. To address this, we introduce PLA-AOMDV, which efficiently manages power loss and outperforms FF-AOMDV in experimental results. However, P
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Hu, Xing, Linhua Ma, Yongqiang Ding, Jin Xu, Yan Li, and Shiping Ma. "Fuzzy Logic-Based Geographic Routing Protocol for Dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 19, no. 1 (2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010196.

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The geographic routing protocol only requires the location information of local nodes for routing decisions, and is considered very efficient in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. However, in dynamic wireless sensor networks, it increases the routing overhead while obtaining the location information of destination nodes by using a location server algorithm. In addition, the routing void problem and location inaccuracy problem also occur in geographic routing. To solve these problems, a novel fuzzy logic-based geographic routing protocol (FLGR) is proposed. The selection criteria and parameter
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Abul, Hassan Muhammad, Syed Irfan Ullah, Abdus Salam, Arbab Wajid Ullah, Muhammad Imad, and Farhat Ullah. "Energy efficient hierarchical based fish eye state routing protocol for flying Ad-hoc networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 1 (2021): 465–71. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp465-471.

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Flying Ad-hoc networks are emergent area in Ad-hoc networks evolved from MANETs and VANETs. Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used in FANETs applications and these small UAVs have limited resources while efficiently utilization of these resources is most critical task in real time monitoring of FANETs application. Network consumes its resources in path selection process and data routing from source to destination. Selecting of efficient routing protocol to utilize all available resources played vital role in extending network life time. In this article fisheye state routing (FSR) proto
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Nampally, Venkatamangarao, and M. Raghavender Sharma. "Reliable and Efficient Routing Mechanisms for Vehicular ad-hoc Network." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2018.7.2.1879.

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In order to provide stable connections among nodes, a routing protocol is necessary in VANET system. Dynamic topology and frequent disconnection makes difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for VANET to route information among nodes. The survey of routing protocols in VANET system helps in understanding the concepts of smart intelligent transport system (ITS). It is observed that carry-and-forward is the key consideration and main function of an efficient routing protocol in VANET system. This paper explains various routing protocols for VANET system.
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15

Anuj, K. Gupta1 Harsh Sadawarti2 and Anil K. Verma3. "IMPLEMENTATION OF DYMO ROUTING PROTOCOL." International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) 1, May (2018): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1435299.

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Mobile ad hoc networks communicate without any fixed infrastructure or ant centralized domain. All the nodes are free to move randomly within the network and share information dynamically. To achieve an efficient routing various protocols have been developed so far which vary in their nature and have their own salient properties. In this paper, we have discussed one of the latest protocols i.e. Dynamic Manet on demand (DYMO) routing Protocol, implemented and analysed its performance with other similar protocols against different parameters. Finally a comparison has been presented between all o
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V., J. Chakravarthy. "Comparative Analysis of SRAAA, SDSR, SAODV Routing Protocol for Video Streaming in MANET." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (2018): 1075–82. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp1075-1082.

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The most challenging concern in MANET is video streaming and it essentially exaggerated by these important factors such as fading, node mobility, interference, topology on change in dynamic, collusion, shadowing in multi-path etc. One of the very attractive and considered for many applications is Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET).Routing Protocol is most significant element which is considered as the MANET. Though, the quite demanding task is video streaming over MANET. This paper have been investigated the analysis of routing protocols over MANET for video streaming. The comparison of the three
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17

Al-Shehri, Salman, and Pavel Loskot. "Enhancing Reliability of Tactical MANETs by Improving Routing Decisions." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 8, no. 4 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea8040049.

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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) have been primarily designed to enhance tactical communications in a battlefield. They provide dynamic connectivity without requiring any pre-existing infrastructure. Their multi-hop capabilities can improve radio coverage significantly. The nature of tactical MANET operations requires more specialized routing protocols compared to the ones which are used in commercial MANET. Routing decisions in MANETs are usually conditioned on signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurements. In order to improve routing decisions for use in highly dynamic tactical
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18

Mahmood, Tuhfa Sabry, and Manar Younis Ahmed. "Analyzing the Impact of Node Mobility Patterns on Fisheye State Routing with SDN-Enabled MANETs." International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology 09, no. 05 (2025): 104–20. https://doi.org/10.47001/irjiet/2025.905014.

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Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are decentralized networks characterized by dynamic topologies resulting from continuous node mobility, which poses significant challenges to routing and maintaining seamless communication. Routing protocols in such networks are designed to adapt to constant topological changes. The Fisheye State Routing (FSR) protocol is a proactive routing protocol which aims to minimize routing overhead while maintaining path accuracy by adjusting the frequency of routing updates based on node proximity. However, its distributed nature limits its responsiveness in highly mobi
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Inderpreet, Kaur* Er.Manasvi Mannan. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR DETECTION OF MALICIOUS NODES USING SVM IN MANET." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 8 (2016): 82–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59957.

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Mobile ad-hoc network has been used in various areas for data transmission over long distances. These nodes have been configured with different movable equipments. There are two types of routing protocols for data communication that are Proactive and Reactive protocol. Proactive protocols are table driven protocol that selects the route from the routing table defined by the user. Reactive protocols are on-demand routing protocols that defines the routing table on time for data transmission. This protocol selects the shortest path for data transmission. Two prevalent on-demand routing protocols
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Mishra, Salonee, and Binod Kumar Pattanayak. "Power Efficient Dynamic Source Routing Protocol." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 9, no. 7 (2014): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2014.9.7.16.

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Omer, Khaled Ahmed Abood. "Impact of Jellyfish attack on routing protocols in TCP-based MANETs." University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 27, no. 1 (2023): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2023.n1.a09.

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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self-organized infrastructure-less network of mobile wireless devices that could be deployed for communication. Due to the insecure wireless communication medium, multi-hop routing communication process, and dynamic behavior of the nodes in MANETs, routing protocols are vulnerable to various security attacks, such as Jellyfish attacks. A Jellyfish node targets TCP-based MANET and exploits its working mechanism to degrade the communication performance. This attack is hard to detect since it is a TCP protocol compliant methodology.In this paper, we evaluate th
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Tarafdar, Sk Sahil, Divyanshu Dwivedi, Ashish Dhiman, Er Narinder Yadav, and Er Sanjay Singla. "A Comparative Study Enhancing Dynamic Routing in Computer Networks: Strategies for Optimal Performance using EIGRP." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 10 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem38318.

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Computer networks have been stagnant for a long time since earlier computers could not connect and communicate with each other. Nowadays, computer networks have evolved so much that computers can easily process and share data through a network. But while the systems are now communicating, it doesn’t mean the information is travelling flawlessly and there are no packet loss, meaning the loss of data. This brings us to different ways as how we can send and receive data, Internet protocols have been in place and are getting better with time. This research highlights the nuanced protocols incorpor
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K., Thamizhmaran. "Dynamic Source Reactive Routing Protocol for MANET." Journal of Research in Electrical Power System 1, no. 1 (2025): 25–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15210161.

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<em>As the nodes are mobile so topology changes frequently that leads to link failure and lack of infrastructure support and resource constraint is the key issue that causes dishonest and non co-operative nodes. As the nodes&nbsp;square measure&nbsp;mobile&nbsp;thus&nbsp;topology changes&nbsp;oft&nbsp;that&nbsp;ends up in&nbsp;link failure and lack of infrastructure support and resource constraint&nbsp;is that the&nbsp;key issue that causes dishonest and non co-operative nodes. There&nbsp;square measure&nbsp;finding a route to destination, new route discovery is initiated. The frequent discove
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Saad, Elsayed, and Ibrahim Youssef Mohamed. "Performance evaluation of dynamic source routing protocol with variation in transmission power and speed." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 2 (2023): 1795–802. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp1795-1802.

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Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a set of mobile wireless nodes (devices) which is not rely on a fixed infrastructure. In MANETs, each device is responsible for routing its data according to a specific routing protocol. The three most common MANET routing protocols are: dynamic source routing protocol (DSR), optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR), and ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV). This paper proposes an efficient evaluation of DSR protocol by testing the MANETs routing protocol with variation in transmission power at different speeds. The performance analysis has been given us
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Rahul, Desai, P. Patil B, and Pal Sharma Davinder. "Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Network: A Survey and Analysis." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 1 (2017): 795–801. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp795-801.

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Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks where each node is acting as a router. The existing routing protocols such as Destination sequences distance vector, Optimized list state routing protocols, Ad hoc on demand routing protocol, Ad hoc on demand multipath routing protocol, Dynamic source routing are optimized versions of distance vector or link state routing protocols. In this paper, existing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, AOMDV, OLSR and DSR are analyzed on 50 nodes Mobile Ad Hoc network with random mobility. Packet delivery ratio, delay, control overhead and throughput parameters are
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Waleed Iftikhar. "Performance Evaluation of Dynamic Routing Protocols." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 4, no. 1 (2020): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2020.0401141.

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Routing protocols are an essential component while performing routing. Majority of the researches put stress on the analysis of the security of IPv6 routing protocols as a future research work. In case of DB query response time, EIGRPv6 did not perform well as compare to other two routing protocols. While for voice and video, jitter, packet end-to-end delay, EIGRPv6 performed best among other routing protocols. Their evaluation involved four pairs of scenarios and each pair dedicated to respective routing protocols to be analyzed. Finally, their results also predicted that communication betwee
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Saad, Saad Elsayed, and Mohammed Ibrahim Youssef. "Performance evaluation of dynamic source routing protocol with variation in transmission power and speed." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 2 (2023): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp1795-1802.

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&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a set of mobile wireless nodes (devices) which is not rely on a fixed infrastructure. In MANETs, each device is responsible for routing its data according to a specific routing protocol. The three most common MANET routing protocols are: dynamic source routing protocol (DSR), optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR), and ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV). This paper proposes an efficient evaluation of DSR protocol by testing the MANETs routing protocol with variation in transmission power at different speeds. The performance a
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Mukmin, Chairul, and Edi Surya Negara. "ANALISIS KINERJA REDISTRIBUSI ROUTING PROTOKOL DINAMIK (Studi Kasus : RIP, EIGRP, IS-IS)." KLIK - KUMPULAN JURNAL ILMU KOMPUTER 6, no. 3 (2019): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/klik.v6i3.262.

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&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Each routing protocol has different algorithms and metrics in determining the best path on a network. Differences 1) Applications that only run on routing protocols 2) hardware from various vendors 3) Networks with different routing areas or domains. Some aspects that become a reference for some routing protocols that are issued from data sent and lost in the process of sending data (packet loss), speed in sending data (delay), as well as the ability of some routing protocols in choosing the closest distance when sending data transmission packets. Routing protocol characteri
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K., Thamizhmaran. "Secure Reactive Routing Protocol using On-Demand Dynamic Mobile Networks." Research and Applications: Emerging Technologies 5, no. 3 (2023): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10082647.

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<i>There square measure finding a route to destination, new route discovery is initiated. The frequent discoveries result in a lot of network congestion. To avoid this multipath routing protocols are planned to seek out multiple routes to destination and put on to alternate secondary path just in case of route broken and its offer higher routing performance and security. In this developed research paper attempt to compare simulation performance of two on demand protocols Secure Dynamic Source Routing (SDSR) and traditional Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) with different topology and malicious node
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Selim, Ibrahim Mohsen, Naglaa Sayed Abdelrehem, Walaa M. Alayed, Hesham M. Elbadawy, and Rowayda A. Sadek. "MANET Routing Protocols’ Performance Assessment Under Dynamic Network Conditions." Applied Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 2891. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15062891.

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Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are decentralized wireless networks characterized by dynamic topologies and the absence of fixed infrastructure. These unique features make MANETs critical for applications such as disaster recovery, military operations, and IoT systems. However, they also pose significant challenges for efficient and effective routing. This study evaluates the performance of eight MANET routing protocols: Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Mult
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S, Nithyanandh, and Jaiganesh V. "Quality of service enabled intelligent water drop algorithm based routing protocol for dynamic link failure detection in wireless sensor network." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 16 (2020): 1641–47. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i16.19.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong>&nbsp;To propose a better routing protocol method to increase the lifespan of the network and to make the sensed data to reach from source to destination without any data loss.&nbsp;<strong>Methods:</strong>&nbsp;This study proposes a routing protocol inspired by nature namely, Quality of Service enabled Intelligent Water Drop Algorithm based Routing Protocol to detect link failures and provide efficient routing.<strong>&nbsp;Findings:</strong>&nbsp;Comparison has been made with baseline protocols to check its effectiveness and found that the proposed proto
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Huang, Jinke, Xiaoguang Fan, Xin Xiang, Min Wan, Zhenfu Zhuo, and Yongjian Yang. "A Clustering Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5395894.

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The dynamic topology of a mobile ad hoc network poses a real challenge in the design of hierarchical routing protocol, which combines proactive with reactive routing protocols and takes advantages of both. And as an essential technique of hierarchical routing protocol, clustering of nodes provides an efficient method of establishing a hierarchical structure in mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we designed a novel clustering algorithm and a corresponding hierarchical routing protocol for large-scale mobile ad hoc networks. Each cluster is composed of a cluster head, several cluster gateway
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Desai, Rahul M., B. P. Patil, and Davinder Pal Sharma. "Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Network - A Survey and Analysis." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 7, no. 3 (2017): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp795-801.

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&lt;p class="Default"&gt;Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks where each node is acting as a router. The existing routing protocols such as Destination sequences distance vector, Optimized list state routing protocols, Ad hoc on demand routing protocol, Ad hoc on demand multipath routing protocol, Dynamic source routing are optimized versions of distance vector or link state routing protocols. In this paper, existing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, AOMDV, OLSR and DSR are analyzed on 50 nodes Mobile Ad Hoc network with random mobility. Packet delivery ratio, delay, control overhead and t
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Барбарук, Л. В., A. O. Михайлова, and Д. Е. Бакитько. "Analysis and modeling of dynamic routing network protocols." ВІСНИК СХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ імені Володимира Даля, no. 5(253) (September 5, 2019): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2019-253-5-12-16.

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This article analyzes the work of the OSPF routing protocol. Considered and justified the need for its use, identified the advantages and disadvantages. Analyzed the main features.A comparative analysis of the protocols OSPF and RIP. Based on the work done, conclusions formulated.
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P Jadhav Manoj, Priyanka. "A Dynamic Time Scalable Hybrid Location based Ad hoc Routing Protocol." International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research 2, no. 5 (2014): 50–54. https://doi.org/10.70729/j2013291.

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Rathee, Geetanjali, and Hemraj Saini. "Secure Buffer-Based Routing Protocol for WMN." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 13, no. 1 (2017): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2017010103.

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Secure routing is considered as one of a key challenge in mesh networks because of its dynamic and broadcasting nature. The broadcasting nature of mesh environment invites number of security vulnerabilities to come and affect the network metrics drastically. Further, any node/link failure of a routed path may reduce the performance of the entire network. A number of secure routing protocols have been proposed by different researchers but enhancement of a single network parameter (i.e. security) may affect another performance metrics significantly i.e. throughput, end to end delay, packet deliv
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Chakravarthy, V. J. "Comparative Analysis of SRAAA, SDSR, SAODV Routing Protocol for Video Streaming in MANET." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (2018): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp1075-1082.

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&lt;p&gt;The most challenging concern in MANET is video streaming and it essentially exaggerated by these important factors such as fading, node mobility, interference, topology on change in dynamic, collusion, shadowing in multi-path etc. One of the very attractive and considered for many applications is Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET).Routing Protocol is most significant element which is considered as the MANET. Though, the quite demanding task is video streaming over MANET. This paper have been investigated the analysis of routing protocols over MANET for video streaming. The comparison of t
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K., Thamizhmaran. "Design Secure Routing Protocol for MANET." Journal of Research and Advancement in Electrical Engineering 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4008889.

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<em>Current research developing year&rsquo;s lot of young research&rsquo;s interested in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET&rsquo;s) a collection of independent mobile nodes dynamically form a network connection temporarily without any base station of static infrastructure. &nbsp;The self-configuring ability of nodes in MANETs made it popular among critical applications like military use or natural emergency recovery. Many of the suggested protocols assume that all nodes in the network are supportive, and do not address any safety problem. To adjust to such trend, it is vital to address its potenti
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Thuneibat, Saed, and Buthayna Al Sharaa. "Dynamic source routing protocol with transmission control and user datagram protocols." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 30, no. 1 (2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp137-143.

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Dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) is a common routing protocol in wireless network without infrastructure, called ad-hoc network, DSR used just above internet protocol (IP) at the network layer. The upper transport layer provides reliability by transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP). The choice between DSR/TCP and DSR/UDP is an actual issue for network designers and engineers. The question arises: which one provides better quality of service (QoS) parameters, less delay and jitter, greater throughput, and data rates. This paper focuses on the study and analysi
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Saed, Thuneibat, and Al Sharaa Buthayna. "Dynamic source routing protocol with transmission control and user datagram protocols." Dynamic source routing protocol with transmission control and user datagram protocols 30, no. 1 (2023): 137–43. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp137-143.

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Dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) is a common routing protocol in wireless network without infrastructure, called ad-hoc network, DSR used just above internet protocol (IP) at the network layer. The upper transport layer provides reliability by transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP). The choice between DSR/TCP and DSR/UDP is an actual issue for network designers and engineers. The question arises: which one provides better quality of service (QoS) parameters, less delay and jitter, greater throughput, and data rates. This paper focuses on the study and analysi
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Abdul Aziz, Siti Rahayu, Nor Adora Endut, Shapina Abdullah, and Mior Norazman Mior Daud. "Performance Evaluation of AODV, DSR and DYMO Routing Protocol in MANET." Scientific Research Journal 5, no. 2 (2008): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v5i2.5645.

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A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a kind of wireless ad-hoc network, and is a self-configuring network of mobile routers connected wirelessly. MANET may operate in a standalone fashion, or may be connected to the larger Internet. Many routing protocols have been developed for MANETs over the past few years. This project evaluated three specific MANET routing protocols which are Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand routing protocol (DYMO) to better understand the major characteristics of these routing protocols. Different performance
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SOLANKI, JAGRUT, PIYUSH PATEL, and ANAND CHAUHAN. "Experimental study of Network based Novel Adaptive Routing Algorithm for Wireless Ad-Hoc Network." COMPUSOFT: An International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology 04, no. 06 (2015): 1845–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14786268.

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Ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes which dynamically form a temporary network without any infrastructure or centralize entity. There are number of routing protocol exists in ad hoc network and this protocols have been compared. These protocols are like DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), AODV (Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing Algorithm), and TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm) like more. AODV is Reactive routing protocol. We modify the existing AODV protocol. All Routing Protocol have different Strategies of routing like End to End delay, Packet delivery ratio, Traffic ov
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Phonekhamma, Chitnavanh. "Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols for Urban VANET Based on SUMO and NS2.35." Souphanouvong University Journal Multidisciplinary Research and Development 8, no. 2 (2024): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.69692/sujmrd0802303.

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To make the dream of intelligent transportation systems come true, the development of the autonomous cars is considered as a tremendous disruptive innovation in the coming years. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are being used as a tool for improving road safety by alarming the drivers about accidents occurred ahead of them or for providing internet access via gateways along the road. Due to highly dynamic nature of nodes in VANETs, designing a routing protocol for VANET is quite challenging compared to other networks environment. Researchers have suggested several routing algorithms for VAN
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Putra, Emansa Hasri, Muhammad Haikal Satria, Hamid Azwar, Rendy Rianda, Muhammad Saputra, and Rizadi Sasmita Darwis. "A novel energy-efficient dynamic programming routing protocol in wireless multimedia sensor networks." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 2 (2024): 938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i2.5855.

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Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) have characteristics that may influence the routing decisions, such as limited energy resources, storage and computing capacity. Therefore, a routing optimization needs to be done to match the characteristics of the WMSNs. Existing routing protocols only consider energy efficiency regardless of energy threshold, maximum energy, and link cost collectively as the primary basis of routing. In this work, the energy-efficient dynamic programming (EEDP) protocol is proposed to optimize routing decisions that take into account the energy threshold, the maxi
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Emilselvan, G. s. r., N. Gayathri, Ankush Rai, and Jagadish Kannan R. "ENERGY AWARE ZONE ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR MANET." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 13 (2017): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s1.19985.

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Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a dynamic network consisting of a collection of wireless mobile nodes that communicate with each other without the need of centralized authority. Each node can send and receive data, and it should also forward routing information unrelated to its own use. Routing protocols in MANET establish path between source and destination based on number of hops. Establishment of shortest path alone is not sufficient to prolong the network lifetime. Energy consumption reduction methods are necessary as the nodes in MANET are restricted by battery supply. Energy is drained
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Djohar, Fahrizal, Hafid Syaifuddin, and Dharmawan Dharmawan. "Comparative Performance Analysis of VANET Routing Protocols under Dynamic Node Mobility." International Journal Of Electrical Engineering And Intelligent Computing 2, no. 2 (2025): 48–52. https://doi.org/10.33387/ijeeic.v2i2.10058.

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Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) face significant challenges in maintaining reliable communication due to high node mobility and frequent topology changes. This study evaluates the throughput performance of two routing protocols—one proactive and one reactive—under varying speed scenarios using the NS-3 simulator. Simulations were conducted in an area with node speeds set at 10 m/s (36 km/h) and 20 m/s (72 km/h). NetAnim was used to visualize node movement and routing behavior. The results show that the reactive protocol outperforms the proactive protocol in high-mobility scenarios by mainta
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Saini, Trilok Kumar, and Subhash C. Sharma. "Context aware Routing to Assist Routing Decisions for Quality Improvement in Multi Hop Ad hoc Networks." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 1 (2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.16067.

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The context information is an intriguing aspect of decision making. The context-awareness can be useful in the ad hoc networks in which nodes are mobile, and the conditions are dynamic. In ad hoc networks, routing protocols are intended to discover the route over multi-hop wireless links under varying conditions. The context-awareness can assist the routing protocols in determining the appropriate path. This paper investigates into choosing the appropriate route by applying the context information and presents the approach to improve the decision making and the quality of the route. We conside
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Mohammed, Tarique, and Islam Rumana. "Performances of Ad Hoc Networks Under Deterministic and Probabilistic Channel Conditions : Cases for Single Path and Multipath Routing Protocols." International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) 10, no. 4 (2018): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1327358.

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ABSTRACT Deterministic channel models have been widely used in simulation and modeling of ad hoc network for a long time. But, deterministic channel models are too simple to represent a real-world ad hoc network scenario. Recently, random channel models have drawn considerable attention of the researchers in this field. The results presented in the literature show that random channel models have a grave impact on the performance of an ad hoc network. A comprehensive investigation on this issue is yet to be available in the literature. In this investigation, we consider both deterministic and r
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Mohammed, Tarique, and Islam Rumana. "Performances of Ad Hoc Networks Under Deterministic and Probabilistic Channel Conditions : Cases for Single Path and Multipath Routing Protocols." International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) 10, no. 4 (2018): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2018.10401.

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Deterministic channel models have been widely used in simulation and modeling of ad hoc network for a long time. But, deterministic channel models are too simple to represent a real-world ad hoc network scenario. Recently, random channel models have drawn considerable attention of the researchers in this field. The results presented in the literature show that random channel models have a grave impact on the performance of an ad hoc network. A comprehensive investigation on this issue is yet to be available in the literature. In this investigation, we consider both deterministic and random cha
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Paszkowska, Agnieszka, and Konrad Iwanicki. "Modeling and proving dynamic behaviors of a routing protocol: A tutorial." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 17, no. 12 (2021): 155014772110586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501477211058667.

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With the increasing adoption of Internet of Things technologies for controlling physical processes, their dependability becomes important. One of the fundamental functionalities on which such technologies rely for transferring information between devices is packet routing. However, while the performance of Internet of Things–oriented routing protocols has been widely studied experimentally, little work has been done on provable guarantees on their correctness in various scenarios. To stimulate this type of work, in this article, we give a tutorial on how such guarantees can be derived formally
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