Academic literature on the topic 'Dynamic thermal behavior'

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Journal articles on the topic "Dynamic thermal behavior"

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Ourdia, Benabdellaziz, Kamla Youcef, Ahmed Mouissi, Karas Abdelkader, and Happy Sinkala. "Investigation of the dynamic and thermal performance of kinetic-static mixers: a numerical simulation study." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2024): e6544. http://dx.doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n2-085.

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In this paper, a numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the dynamic and thermal behaviors of various shapes of a kinetic static mixer. Three-dimensional model of the static mixer was designed using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, CFX 18.2. To examine the mixer's performance, five parameters have been considered including Re, Shear stress rate, Nu, fluid temperature and pressure drop. The fluid velocity was characterized by Reynolds numbers varying from 10 to 100, pressure drop, and shear rate has been considered for evaluating dynamic performance. Furthermore, fluid temperature and the Nusselt number was examinate to gain insights into thermal characteristics. In this study, the effectiveness of four different mixer shapes was evaluated. The outcomes underlined the significant impact changes in mixing geometry can have on the fluid's dynamic behavior, which in turn affects thermal performance. Notably, among the suggested mixer shapes, case three shows best mixing performance. This study offers significant knowledge about the dynamic and thermal behavior of kinetic static mixers, emphasizing the critical function of shape in raising overall performance.
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Boehman, A. L., J. W. Simons, S. J. Niksa, and J. G. McCarty. "Dynamic Stress Behavior in Catalytic Combustors." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 119, no. 3 (1997): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794985.

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Dynamic stress behavior during catalytic combustion of methane has been simulated under transient warm-up, cool-down, and cyclic conditions. The numerical model combines a two-dimensional solution to the transport equations, solution of an energy balance on the monolith wall, and the NIKE3D structural analysis code to predict thermal stresses. The model also includes a detailed heterogeneous kinetics model for a proprietary palladium oxide (PdO) catalyst, but the model ignores gas-phase reactions. Results illustrate that thermal stresses as high as 630 MPa can form during transient operating modes, which risks structural failure of the ceramic monolith. The maximum computed thermal stress concentrations occur near the inlet of the monolith. Peak transverse stresses (which act to form axial cracks) typically form near the inlet and centerline of the monolith structure, while peak axial stresses form near the edges of the flat plate that represents the monolith structure. Increasing the preheat temperature of the incoming fuel and air mixture lessens the peak thermal stress. To a first approximation, the magnitude of the peak transverse stress during any transient cycle considered with our model can be estimated from the maximum value of the gradient in the computed temperature profiles.
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Naji, Malak, and M. Al-Nimr. "Dynamic thermal behavior of a brake system." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 28, no. 6 (2001): 835–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1933(01)00287-1.

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Wang, Yu, Wenjun Duan, Junqing Li, Dongdong Shen, and Peiyong Duan. "Thermal-Adaptation-Behavior-Based Thermal Sensation Evaluation Model with Surveillance Cameras." Sensors 24, no. 4 (2024): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24041219.

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The construction sector is responsible for almost 30% of the world’s total energy consumption, with a significant portion of this energy being used by heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to ensure people’s thermal comfort. In practical applications, the conventional approach to HVAC management in buildings typically involves the manual control of temperature setpoints by facility operators. Nevertheless, the implementation of real-time alterations that are based on the thermal comfort levels of humans inside a building has the potential to dramatically improve the energy efficiency of the structure. Therefore, we propose a model for non-intrusive, dynamic inference of occupant thermal comfort based on building indoor surveillance camera data. It is based on a two-stream transformer-augmented adaptive graph convolutional network to identify people’s heat-related adaptive behaviors. The transformer specifically strengthens the original adaptive graph convolution network module, resulting in further improvement to the accuracy of the detection of thermal adaptation behavior. The experiment is conducted on a dataset including 16 distinct temperature adaption behaviors. The findings indicate that the suggested strategy significantly improves the behavior recognition accuracy of the proposed model to 96.56%. The proposed model provides the possibility to realize energy savings and emission reductions in intelligent buildings and dynamic decision making in energy management systems.
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Zhang, Xin, Yi Xiong, Rong Hui He, Zhi Qiang Li, and Ya Wei Lin. "Study on Thermal Deformation and Recrystallization Behavior of Cu-P Weathering Steel." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1228.

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Under different deformation temperatures and strain rates, the thermal deformation process of Cu-P weathering steel was studied using Gleeble1500D-type thermal simulator. After the high temperature rheopectic curves at different conditions and thermal deformation equation was got, the dynamic recrystallization diagram of the steel was plotted. The results show that the thermal deformation activation energy of the steel is 345kJ/mol, and the dynamic recrystallization diagram of the steel consisits of three parts as completely dynamic recrystallization zone, partially dynamic recrystallization zone and non-dynamic recrystallization zone.
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Al-Abadi, A., and A. Gamil. "Dynamic Thermal Behavior of Natural Ester Liquid-Filled Transformer for Offshore Wind Turbine in Cold Climate." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, no. 6 (2024): 062037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/6/062037.

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Abstract The current study presents a dynamic thermal model (DTM) which accounts for variation of liquid properties with temperature to predict the development of temperature pattern of the entire transformer for offshore wind application during energizing process. The DTM is benchmarked against dynamic heat run test which is applied on a natural ester filled transformer designed for offshore wind application. The transformer is equipped with fiber-optic sensors (FOS) to observe the temperature distribution of the winding and the liquid during heating up and cooling down processes. The investigations involve in-depth analysis of the thermal behavior of the winding and liquid at different locations to give physical interpretation of the dynamic thermal response of different transformer components during dynamic loading. The results are further validated with transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Eventually, the study gives guidelines and recommendations of dynamic loading of transformer filled with natural ester in cold climate.
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Moussa, Dieng, Touty Traore Papa, Dione Babou, and Fadiamé Thiam Mame. "Effect of Density on the Thermal Impedance of the Kapok Material in Frequential Dynamic Regime." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 8, no. 10 (2021): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10618168.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> In this article, we have proposed a study of the behavior of the thermal impedance of the Kapok material. From the electrical-thermal equivalence, we establish the expression of thermal impedance. We can vary the density to highlight their influences on the behavior of thermal impedance. We focus this work on the lateral x axis and the depth z of the material.
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Guerrero Vela, Pedro Pablo, James E. Polk, Matthias H. Richter, and Alejandro Lopez Ortega. "Dynamic thermal behavior of polycrystalline LaB6 hollow cathodes." Journal of Applied Physics 130, no. 8 (2021): 083303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0058607.

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Jie, Chen, Luo Zhixing, and Yang Liu. "Influence of Thermal Design performance of Envelope structure on Indoor Thermal Environment in Dry-Hot and Dry-Cold areas." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913605009.

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Thermal performance is considered to be a key measure in building sustainability. One of the technologies used in the current building sustainable design is the high thermal mass techniques. The application of this type of technology is widely used in traditional architecture. The paper aims at studying the effect of both high thermal insulation and high thermal mass techniques in buildings dynamic behaviour in Dry-Hot and Dry-Cold Climate. The two techniques can lead to conflicting requirements when considering winter and summer conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to identify insulation measures that conserve the mass dynamic behavior. Experimental investigations were carried out on a single - family house to characterize the behavior of one room with high thermal mass in different seasons. Thermal simulations made it possible to explore different retrofit configurations. Different thermal mass and thermal insulation were compared on internal surface temperature. The analysis shows that the most suitable intervention is both high thermal insulation and high thermal mass techniques, and the decrease of the absorption coefficient of the outer surface is beneficial to improve the overall level of solar radiation.
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Harnane, Y., S. Bouzid, and A. Brima. "Air Flow Thermal and Dynamic Behavior Inside Ventilated Cavities." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 3 (2018): 5652–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.15.3.2018.19.0434.

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This work presents a numerical study of the dynamic and thermal behavior of the air flow circulating in the vertical rectangular cavity of height H and width W. The geometry consists of a vertical wall of low thermal conductivity and an opposite wall which acts as a ventilated facade with five openings subjected to a heat flow. The methods of analyzing the flow input and output behavior through the openings throughout the ventilated facade, make the use of CFD tools "Fluent 14.0" mandatory for a detailed description. The flow is considered to be turbulent, steady, incompressible and bi-dimensional and computations are performed using the standard k-ε and RNG k-ε models for Rayleigh number ≈ 1011. The results included mean velocity profiles; flow structure and thermal field which were presented and discussed. A comparative study with conventional cavity (closed) and classical cavity with two openings (input-output) under the same thermal conditions was conducted to quantify energy savings by the use of such configuration. The increase of the number of the openings enhances the wall cooling. Moreover, above a certain heat flux absorbed by the ventilated wall, natural cooling is obsolete, it is necessary to use forced devices.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dynamic thermal behavior"

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Al, Samarrai Omar Hashim. "Static and Dynamic Thermal Behavior of Carbon Based Nanofluids." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1366734142.

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Anisetti, Anusha. "On the Thermal and Contact Fatigue Behavior of Gear Contacts under Tribo-dynamic Condition." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright149363918488722.

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Sharifani, Pooya. "Quantification of Human Thermal Comfort for Residential Building's Energy Saving." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862744/.

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Providing conditioned and fully controlled room is the final goal for having a comfortable building. But on the other hand making smart controllers to provide the required cooling or heating load depending on occupants' real time feeling is necessary. This study has emphasized on finding a meaningful and steady state parameter in human body that can be interpreted as comfort criterion which can be expressed as the general occupants' sensation through their ambient temperature. There are lots of researches on human physiological behavior in different situations and also different body parts reaction to the same ambient situation. Body parts which have the biggest reliable linear fluctuation to the changes are the best subject for this research. For these tests, wrist and palm have been selected and their temperatures on different people have been measured accurately with thermal camera to follow the temperature trend on various comfort levels. It is found that each person reaches to his own unique temperature on these two spots, when he/ she feels comfortable, or in other word each person's body temperature is a precise nominate for comfort feeling of that individual. So in future by having this unique comfort parameter and applying them to the HVAC system temperature control, controlling the dynamic temperature and correlating the indoor condition depending on the occupants instant thermal comfort level, would be a rational choice to bring convenience while energy has been saved more.
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Kaymakci, Orkun. "Photo-Curing Behavior and Thermal Properties of Silicone Semi Interpenetrating Polymer Network (Semi-IPN) Organogels." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49577.

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Silicone hydrogels are receiving considerable interest due to their important biomedical application areas such as contact lenses and wound dressings. The applications of such materials are usually in the hydrated state, as hydrogels. However, manufacturing and molding processes are mostly carried out in the organically solvated state, as organogels. This thesis investigates the effects of some of the manufacturing parameters such as curing time and thermal processing on thermal, mechanical, viscoelastic and adhesive/cohesive fracture properties of silicone semi-interpenetrating polymer network organogels.<br />Curing time may affect the extent of reaction and the crosslink density of a gel network. In order to investigate the effect of this parameter, materials were photo-cured for different times within the range of 150s to 1800s. Gel content, uniaxial tensile, dynamic mechanical, adhesive fracture and cohesive fracture properties were obtained as a function of photo-curing time and results were correlated with each other in order to have a better understanding of the effects on the material properties. Additionally, thermal properties of the gels were studied in detail. Crystallization and melting behavior of one of the solvents in the organogel were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal optical microscopy. Correlation between the thermal properties of the solvent and the gel network structure was shown. Dynamic mechanical analysis experiments were performed to investigate the effect of solvent crystallization on the mechanical properties. Finally, the effect of thermal processing parameters such as the heating  <br />rate and the minimum cooling temperatures on the crystallization and the thermo-mechanical properties were studied.<br /><br>Master of Science
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D'ANTUONO, ANTONIO. "A new hybrid soft-sensing approach (based on IR Sensor data) for the assessment of the properties characterizing the dynamic thermal behaviour of a building component." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245543.

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Uno degli aspetti principali in termini di risparmio energetico è legato alle performance energetiche dei component da edilizia. Per questa ragione, in letteratura è possibile trovare sempre più lavori riguardanti la valutazione delle proprietà termiche dei component da edilizia (conducibilità termica, trasmittanza termica, sfasamento). Molti lavori e standard descrivono la valutazione delle proprietà termiche in condizioni di regime stazionario ma in molti casi, ad esempio in applicazioni in opera, queste condizioni sono estramamente complicate da riprodurre. Per questa ragione, la ricerca si è focalizzata sul comportamento termico dinamico dei materiali che consente di caratterizzare le proprietà termiche dinamiche in condizioni più facilmente riproducibili. Le metodologie attuali per la valutazione del comportamento termico dinamico di un material presentano diversi problemi e difficoltà:  Sensori a contatto: gli standard attuali prevedono una valutazione puntuale che non è spesso rappresentativa del comportamento termico dinamico dell’intero muro;  Condizioni ambientali: uno degli aspetti più importati in termini di incertezza di misura è rappresenato dale condizioni ambientali che condizionano i dati misurati. Infatti, l’elevatà sensibilità dei sensori (termoflussimetro e termocoppie) rende quest’aspetto critic durante una campagna di test.  Durata del test: gli standard attuali richiedono almeno 72h di monnitoraggio per test sul campo. In molte condizioni non è possibile avere durate così eccessive. Per accrescere lo stato dell’arte è presentata una tecnica innovativa, basata su un approccio Soft-Sensing che combina dati misurati con un modello predittivo, con lo scopo di implementare le attuali metodologie di misura in termini di accuratezza, consume di tempo e valutazione del reale comportamento dinamico di un componente. Inoltre, la tecnica proposta è basata sull’uso di un sensore ad infrarossi che porta I seguenti vantaggi:  Sensori non a contatto rispetto agli attuali standard basati sull’uso di termocoppie e termoflussimetro;  Valurtazione “full-field” dell’intera scena inquadrata rispetto ad una valutazione puntuale ottenuta con dei sensori a contatto. I risultati ottenuti mostrano una differenza tra il valore dichiarato di trasmittanza termica e quello misurato che raggiunge al massimo il 5% nell condizioni di prova più sfavorevoli (cambiamenti di velocità dell’aria e sorgenti irradianti durante il test) ed una riduzione dei tempi nell’ordine dello sfasamento termico del materiale. Questo risultato accresce lo stato dell’arte che invece dichiarano un valore di incertezza di almeno l’8% per il test termoflussimetrico con una durata di almeno 72h.<br>One of the main aspects in terms of energy-saving is related to the thermal performances of the building component. For this reason, more and more works can be found in the literature concerning the thermal properties assessment of the building components (conductivity, thermal transmittance, phase shift). Many works and standards describes the steady-state condition for the thermal properties evaluation but in more condition, like in-situ application, these conditions are very difficult to reproduce. For this reason, the research has been focused on the dynamic thermal behavior of a material that allows to characterize the dynamical thermal properties in more reproducible conditions. The actual methodologies for the dynamic thermal behavior assessment present many problems and difficulties:  Contact sensors: the actual standards provide a single point evaluation which is not representative of the wall thermal dynamic behavior;  Environmental conditions: one of the main aspect in terms of measurement uncertainty is represented by the environmental conditions which affect the measured data. In fact, the high sensitivity of the sensors (heat flow meter and thermocouples) makes this aspect critical in a test campaign;  Time consuming: the actual standards require at least 72h of monitoring for in-situ test. In many conditions there is not the possibility to have a so long time monitoring. In order to enhance the state-of-the-art an innovative approach is presented, based on Soft-Sensing approach that combines the measured data with a predictive model, with the ambition to improve the actual measurement methodologies in terms of accuracy, time-consuming and evaluation of the real building component behavior. Furthermore, the data are acquired with an IR sensor that gives the following advantages:  Non-contact sensor in respect to the actual standards based on the use of thermocouples and heat flow meters;  Full-field evaluation in respect to a single point evaluation obtained with a contact sensor; The results obtained show a deviation between the declared value of thermal transmittance of the building component analyzed up to 5% in more unfavorable conditions (air velocity changes and radiative external source) and a time-consuming reduction related to the thermal phase shift of the material. This result enhances the actual standard procedures that have a declared uncertainty value at least of ±8 % for the heat flow meter method with a time required for the test at least of 72h.
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Mousa, A., G. Heinrich, and U. Wagenknecht. "Thermal properties of carboxylated nitrile rubber/nylon-12 composites-filled lignocellulose materials." Sage, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35546.

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Organic hybrid composites based on carboxylated nitrile rubber and nylon-12 reinforced with mercerized and diisocyanated lignocellulose residue (LCR) was prepared. The influence of the LCR on the viscoelastic properties of these organic hybrids was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)). It is found that either the position of the damping peak was shifted to higher values or the intensity of the damping peak was significantly increased with LCR. These results could imply that the LCR enhanced the damping properties of the composites. The thermal stability of the composites was evaluated with the mean values obtained using thermogravimetrical analysis. The decomposition rate was investigated using differential thermal gravimetry. The crystallization behavior of the prepared composites was checked by DSC.
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Silva, Adeildo Cabral da. "Estudos climáticos e ambiente construído no município de Descalvado - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-16052016-104341/.

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O presente trabalho analisou o ritmo climático da cidade de Descalvado - SP, por meio de dois episódios representativos do fato climático (de inverno e de primavera), bem como o comportamento térmico no interior de duas casas populares ocupadas, situadas na área urbana do município. Utilizou-se estação automática (CR10X - Campbell Scientific Inc.) que possibilitou a aquisição e o armazenamento dos dados meteorológicos, vinculando estes dados climáticos ao sistema de circulação atmosférica secundária. Dentro da abordagem Dinâmica do Clima, utilizou-se os conceitos de tipos de tempo afeito ao comportamento térmico das casas ocupadas. Os limites da zona de conforto propostos por GIVONI (1992) foram utilizados como referencial na análise do comportamento térmico das casas ocupadas. Os resultados demonstraram que as duas residências apresentaram comportamento térmico semelhante durante as possíveis situações de estresse de calor e frio. Conclui-se que, apesar de se tratar, do ponto de vista econômico, de moradias de baixo custo de construção, são casas que apresentaram adequado desempenho térmico.<br>The present work analyze the climatic rhythm Descalvado - SP, by using representative episodes of the climatic (winter and spring), as well as the thermal behavior of two occupied popular houses indoor, located in urban area of municipal district. Automatic station used (CR10X - Campbell Scientific Inc.) made possible acquisition and storage of meteorological data, correlating climatic data to the secondary atmospheric circulation system. Dynamic approach of Climate was used the concepts of Types of Time for obtaining thermal behavior of the occupied houses. Givoni\'s limits of comfort zone (1992) was used a reference in analysis of house\'s thermal performance. Results demonstrated that the two occupied houses presented similar thermal behavior during possible situation of heat and cold stresses. For conclusion, under economical point of view, although treating of low cost construction homes, they are houses that presented appropriate thermal performance.
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Najjari, Hamza. "Power Amplifier Design Based on Electro-Thermal Considerations." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0422.

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L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de concevoir un amplificateur de puissance sur la base de considérations électrothermiques. Il décrit la question du dynamique EVM et du « paquet long » lors de la conception de l’amplificateur avec des transistors bipolaires à hétérojonctions. Basé sur le comportement électrothermique du circuit, une méthode d’optimisation de l’EVM statique et dynamique est proposée. Un frontend RF complet (amplificateur de puissance + coupleur + interrupteur + amplificateur faible bruit) est conçu pour le dernier standard WLAN : le Wi-Fi 6. La distribution de temperature dynamique dans le circuit est analysée. Son effet sur les performances de la puce est quantifié. Enfin, une polarisation adaptative programmable a été conçue pour garder des performances optimales sur toute la plage de température. Les mesures du circuit montre tout l’effet bénéfique de cette compensation, permettant de garder le dynamique EVM en dessous de -47 dB sur la plage de température ambiante de -40 à 85°C<br>The aim of this work is to design a power amplifier based on electrothermal considerations. It describes the Dynamic Error Vector Magnitude challenge and long packet issue when designing a power amplifier with hetero-junction bipolar transistors. Based on the circuit electrothermal behavior, an optimization method of both the static and dynamic linearity is proposed. A complete RF front-end (PA + coupler + switch + LNA) is designed for the latest WLAN standard: the Wi-Fi 6. The dynamic temperature distribution in the circuit is analyzed. It’s impact on the performances is quantified. Finally, a programmable temperature dependent bias is designed to compensate for performance degradation. The measurements show a significant linearity improvement with this compensation, allowing the PA to maintain the DEVM lower than -47dB at 14.5 dBm output power, over a large ambient temperature range from -40°C to 85°C
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Lefebvre, Gilles. "Analyse et reduction modales d'un modele de comportement thermique de batiment." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066477.

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Comportement dynamique des batiments. La forme modale et les techniques de reduction du modele. Transformation de cette forme lorsque le modele du batiment est simplifie, en une expression analytique simple; cette propriete est utilisee pour rechercher une correlation entre un nombre restreint de parametres descriptifs d'un batiment dont un parametre continu d'inertie et ses besoins de chauffage
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Semendary, Ali A. "Behavior of Adjacent Prestressed Concrete Box Beam Bridges Containing Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Longitudinal Joints." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1518181442348314.

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Books on the topic "Dynamic thermal behavior"

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Yun, Chan-Su. Static and dynamic thermal behavior of IGBT power modules. Hartung-Gorre, 2001.

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1932-, Simitses George J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Non-isothermal buckling behavior of viscoplastic shell structures. Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989.

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1932-, Simitses George J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Non-isothermal buckling behavior of viscoplastic shell structures. Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989.

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Morgan, Vincent T. Thermal behaviour of electrical conductors: Steady, dynamic, and fault-current ratings. Research Studies Press, 1991.

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Furbish, David Jon. Fluid Physics in Geology. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195077018.001.0001.

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Fluid Physics in Geology is aimed at geology students who are interested in understanding fluid behavior and motion in the context of a wide variety of geological problems, and who wish to pursue related work in fluid physics. The book provides an introductory treatment of the physical and dynamical behaviors of fluids by focusing first on how fluids behave in a general way, then looking more specifically at how they are involved in certain geological processes. The text is written so students may concentrate on the sections that are most relevant to their own needs. Helpful problems following each chapter illustrate applications of the material to realistic problems involving groundwater flows, magma dynamics, open-channel flows, and thermal convection. Fluid Physics in Geology is ideal for graduate courses in all areas of geology, including hydrology, geomorphology, sedimentology, and petrology.
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Aarts, D. G. A. L. Soft interfaces: the case of colloid–polymer mixtures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0013.

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In this chapter we discuss the interface of a phase separated colloid-polymer mixture. We start by highlighting a number of experimental studies, illustrating the richness of colloidal interface phenomena. This is followed by a derivation of the bulk phase behaviour within free volume theory. We subsequently calculate the interfacial tension using a squared gradient approach. The interfacial tension turns out to be ultralow, easily a million times smaller than a molecular interfacial tension. From the bulk and interface calculations we obtain the capillary length and compare to experiments, where good overall agreement is found. Finally, we focus on the thermal capillary waves of the interface and derive the static and dynamic height–height correlation functions, which describe the experimental data very well. We end with an outlook, where we address some outstanding questions concerning the behaviour of interfaces, to which colloids may provide unique insights.
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Clarke, Andrew. Water. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0005.

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Liquid water is essential for life, and a metabolically active cell is ~70% water. The physical properties of liquid water, and their temperature dependence, are dictated to a significant extent by the properties of hydrogen bonds. From an ecological perspective, the important properties of liquid water include its high latent heats of fusion and vapourisation, its high specific heat, the ionisation, low dynamic viscosity and high surface tension. The solubility in water of oxygen, carbon dioxide and the calcium carbonate used to build skeletons in many invertebrates groups all increase with decreasing temperature. The hydrophobic interaction is important in the formation of cellular membranes and the folding of proteins; its strength increases with temperature, which may be a factor in the cold-denaturation of cellular macromolecules. The cell is extremely crowded with macromolecules. Coupled with the highly structured water close to membranes or protein surfaces and the hydration shells around ions, this means that the behaviour of water in cells is different from that of bulk water. The thermal behaviour of isolated cellular components studied in dilute aqueous buffers many not reflect accurately their behaviour in the intact cell or tissue.
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Book chapters on the topic "Dynamic thermal behavior"

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Stoecker, W. F., and P. A. Stoecker. "Dynamic Behavior of Systems Under Computer Control." In Microcomputer Control of Thermal and Mechanical Systems. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6560-0_16.

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Harr, Michael, Paul Moy, Timothy Walter, and Kevin Masser. "Investigating the Mechanical and Thermal Relationship for Epoxy Blends." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95089-1_37.

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Yang, Wen-Jei. "Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Their Dynamic Behavior." In Energy Storage Systems. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2350-8_2.

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Rout, Anil Kumar, Niranjan Sahoo, Pankaj Kalita, and Vinayak Kulkarni. "Response Behavior of a Coaxial Thermal Probe Towards Dynamic Thermal Loading." In Nonlinear Dynamics and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99792-2_35.

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Smith, Brian, Amos Gilat, and Jeremy Seidt. "Full-Field Mechanical and Thermal Strain-Rate Dependence of CFRP Laminates." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30021-0_14.

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Wang, Po-Wen, and Chang-Sheng Lin. "Modal Verification and Thermal-Fluid-Structure Coupled Analysis of Centrifugal Impeller." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50646-8_11.

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Yin, T. B., X. B. Li, K. W. Xia, and S. Huang. "Effects of thermal treated on the dynamic facture properties using a semi-circular bend technique." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0216-9_15.

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Mates, Steven, Mark Stoudt, Gregor Jacob, Wilfredo Moscoso, and Vis Madhavan. "Dynamic Thermal Softening Behavior of Additive Materials for Hybrid Manufacturing." In Mechanics of Additive and Advanced Manufacturing, Volume 8. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95083-9_7.

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Bekenev, V. L., V. V. Kartuzov, and Y. Gogotsi. "Single-Crystal SiC Nanotubes: Molecular-Dynamic Modeling of Structure and Thermal Behavior." In Characterization, Design, and Processing of Nanosize Powders and Nanostructured Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118144077.ch22.

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Flohr, Alexander, Catharina Rohde, Savitha Devarajamohalla Narayana, and Andrea Osburg. "Evaluation of Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Polymer-Modified Cement Concrete (PCC) Under Thermal Impact Within a Defined Service Temperature Range." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72955-3_52.

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AbstractPolymer-modified cement mortars (PCM) and concretes (PCC) are mainly used in concrete repair and restoration exhibiting improved durability, suitable chemical resistance, and beneficial adhesion strength compared to unmodified cementitious materials. Due to these favorable properties, the material is increasingly implemented in construction. Commonly, the modifiers applied to cementitious binders consist of thermoplastic polymers, which feature a change in the deformation behavior under the influence of different temperatures. Despite the distinct temperature-dependent properties of the polymers, the load-dependent deformation behavior of PCM and PCC was barely investigated within a service temperature range. To make statements about the effect of polymers on the load bearing and elastic deformation behavior of PCM and PCC, the engineering properties of the material have to be experimentally assessed under thermal conditioning. Accordingly, the compressive and flexural strength as well as dynamic and static modulus of elasticity of seven different PCM mixtures were characterized while the specimens were exposed to service temperatures of −20 ℃, 20 ℃, and 60 ℃. After the specimens were thermally conditioned in a climate chamber, the samples were transferred to the equally conditioned test machine and tested in the proposed temperature scope. The experimental results reveal influential changes in all tested mechanical attributes for the modified system within the applied service temperature range compared to an unmodified reference. This knowledge is essential to further investigate the temperature impact on the material and develop appropriate prediction models for the application of polymer-modified cementitious materials in construction and the integration in design guidelines.
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Conference papers on the topic "Dynamic thermal behavior"

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Wang, Qiuying, Xiaotong Xing, and Jiandong Wang. "Nonlinearity Identification of Main Steam Control Valves in Thermal Power Plants Subject to Dynamic Behavior Variations." In 2024 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac63892.2024.10864809.

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Bastos Oliveira, Lucas Henrique, Vinicius Germanos Cleante, Thiago de Paula Sales, and Domingos Rade. "Investigation of the dynamic behavior of reinforced beams." In 27th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2023.cob2023-1439.

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Kim, Jung-Kyun, Wataru Nakayama, and Sun-Kyu Lee. "Estimation of Thermal Parameters of the Compact Electronic Enclosure Using Dynamic Thermal Response." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89033.

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A methodology for modeling and simulating the electrothermal behavior of an enclosed electronic package is presented and validated. The electro-thermal model is constructed using system dynamics. The system model, in which the electrical and the thermal domain are combined, is presented. The developed model describes the dynamic thermal behavior system that was an electronic device in the test enclosure. An effective way to identify the thermal parameters of the system, especially the thermal contact resistance, is suggested. Based on the proposed model, either the variation of the heat source or the ambient temperature can be estimated. Simulated results were in good agreement with the measured temperature in the transient state accompanying with the variation of the environment.
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Marin, Manuel A. "Rotor Dynamics of Overhung Rotors: Hysteretic Dynamic Behavior." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68285.

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Overhung-configuration rotors are commonly used in the oil, gas and process industries. Examples of this type of equipment include power turbines, Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) expanders, turbochargers and pipeline boosters. Generally, in overhung-configuration rotors, the mass concentration is near the bearing on the overhung end, so the rotor dynamics behavior of these overhung-configuration rotors is different than other equipments that have their mass concentrations between the bearing spans, such as multistage compressors. Among the more important characteristics that directly affect the rotor dynamics of the overhung rotors are gyroscopic effects on the higher modes and the fluid-film journal bearings. Gyroscopic effects are more significant in overhung configurations because of the relatively large overhung mass. These rotors also have a short bearing span and a relatively stiff shaft, so the first two modes are characterized by rigid body motion, as long as the bearing supports are rigid, as in most pipeline boosters. For pipeline boosters it would be typical to describe them as subcritical machines. If the bearing supports are not rigid, as at the disc end of power turbines and FCC expanders, then the first mode can be amplified, and it would not be unusual to describe them as supercritical machines. This paper will assume that the bearing supports are rigid, as in most pipeline boosters. A phenomenon observed in overhung rotors is known as the synchronous thermal instability or “Morton Effect”. The Morton Effect occurs when synchronous vibration produces non-uniform heating of the shaft under the bearing, leading the shaft end to develop a thermal bow. It is typical for this to happen on the overhung end of the rotor, where there is more unbalance to react with any thermal bow. The paper examines the hysteretic dynamic behavior observed in an overhung rotor mounted on tilting pad journal bearings, presenting a series of analysis using state-of-the-art rotor dynamics programs, and comparing analytical results with measurements, handling possible variables associated with synchronous “hysteresis” vibration.
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Boehman, André L., Jeffrey W. Simons, Stephen J. Niksa, and Jon G. McCarty. "Dynamic Stress Behavior in Catalytic Combustors." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0193.

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Abstract Dynamic stress behavior during catalytic combustion of methane has been simulated under transient warm-up, cool-down and cyclic conditions. The numerical model combines a two-dimensional solution to the transport equations, solution of an energy balance on the monolith wall, and the NIKE3D structural analysis code to predict thermal stresses. The model also includes a detailed heterogeneous kinetics model for a proprietary palladium oxide (PdO) catalyst, but the model ignores gas phase reactions. Results illustrate that thermal stresses as high as 630 MPa can form during transient operating modes, which risks structural failure of the ceramic monolith. The maximum computed thermal stress concentrations occur near the inlet of the monolith. Peak transverse stresses (which act to form axial cracks) typically form near the inlet and centerline of the monolith structure, while peak axial stresses form near the edges of the flat plate that represents the monolith structure. Increasing the preheat temperature of the incoming fuel and air mixture lessens the peak thermal stress. To a first approximation, the magnitude of the peak transverse stress during any transient cycle considered with our model can be estimated from the maximum value of the gradient in the computed temperature profiles.
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Nayfeh, Ali, and Waleed Faris. "Dynamic Behavior of Circular Structural Elements Under Thermal Loads." In 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1618.

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Lange, Tobias, Fang Qi, Johannes Dehn, and Rik W. De Doncker. "Synchronous machine model considering dynamic losses and thermal behavior." In 2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemdc.2015.7409110.

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"Chapter 15, Prediction on dynamic behavior." In EuroSimE 2005. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanial and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Micro-Electronics and Micro-Systems, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esime.2005.1502856.

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Yan, Shutian, Jie Deng, Chulheung Bae, and Xinran Xiao. "Thermal Shrinkage Behavior of Battery Separator." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86621.

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Battery separators are thin, porous membrane of 20∼30 microns thickness. Polymer separators display a significant amount of shrinkage at elevated temperatures. It is difficult to quantitatively characterize the large shrinkage behavior with a free standing separator sample. This paper examines the use of a dynamic mechanical analyzer under tensile mode in measuring the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of three commonly used separators.
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Shukla, Ankit, Paulson Parayil, Arun Kumar Goel, and Kamal Sharma. "Dynamic Behavior of In-Cylinder Pressure Causing Fatigue Failure of Reed Valves." In Thermal Management Systems Conference 2020. SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0031.

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Reports on the topic "Dynamic thermal behavior"

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Small, IV, W., and T. Wilson. Crystallization Behavior of Virgin TR-55 Silicone Rubber Measured Using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis with Liquid Nitrogen Cooling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/975213.

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Moncada, Oscar, Zainab Imran, Connor Vickers, et al. Full-Scale Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer and Pilot Project Implementation. Purdue University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317744.

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Considering the challenges hindering the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and heavy-duty electric vehicles(HDEVs), the integration of dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) technology into roadways has gained interest. By embedding DWPT components into pavement, electrical power can be delivered to an EV or HDEV as they are in motion. Yet, large-scale implementation depends on further in-depth research, both to explore optimal construction methods and to understand the impact of embedment on the pavement’s resultant behavior. The objective of this project was trifold: (1) design and evaluate a transmitter-receiver topology for DWPT, (2) enhance the understanding of the interaction between the pavement and the embedded DWPT system, and (3) support the design and installation of a 230 kW DWPT system pilot for HDEVs on an existing INDOT roadway. A three-phase transmitter-receiver topology for DWPT was developed and validated, enabling the transmission of power across a wide range of vehicle classes while reducing the power oscillation that has been encountered in existing single-phase designs. To empirically evaluate the impact of DWPT on pavement, two pavement sections—one flexible and one rigid, were designed and constructed at an Accelerated Pavement Test (APT) facility. Following validation of the DWPT design through structural, thermal, and electromagnetic testing, Purdue University developed plans to establish a Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Testbed (DWPTT) along ¼-mile of US-231 near West Lafayette. This testbed will serve as a critical platform for the transition of DWPT technology from APT sections to a practical roadway environment.
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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Emily Jeng, Emma Ambrogi, Garrett Hoch, and Jason Olivier. Investigations into the ice crystallization and freezing properties of the antifreeze protein ApAFP752. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45620.

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Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) allow biological organisms, including insects, fish, and plants, to survive in freezing temperatures. While in solution, AFPs impart cryoprotection by creating a thermal hysteresis (TH), imparting ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), and providing dynamic ice shaping (DIS). To leverage these ice-modulating effects of AFPs in other scenarios, a range of icing assays were performed with AFPs to investigate how AFPs interact with ice formation when tethered to a surface. In this work, we studied ApAFP752, an AFP from the beetle Anatolica polita, and first investigated whether removing the fusion protein attached during protein expression would result in a difference in freezing behavior. We performed optical microscopy to examine ice-crystal shape, micro-structure, and the recrystallization behavior of frozen droplets of AFP solutions. We developed a surface chemistry approach to tether these proteins to glass surfaces and conducted droplet-freezing experiments to probe the interactions of these proteins with ice formed on those surfaces. In solution, ApAFP752 did not show any DIS or TH, but it did show IRI capabilities. In surface studies, the freezing of AFP droplets on clean glass surfaces showed no dependence on concentration, and the results from freezing water droplets on AFP-decorated surfaces were inconclusive.
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Witzig, Andreas, Camilo Tello, Franziska Schranz, Johannes Bruderer, and Matthias Haase. Quantifying energy-saving measures in office buildings by simulation in 2D cross sections. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541623658.

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A methodology is presented to analyse the thermal behaviour of buildings with the goal to quantify energy saving measures. The solid structure of the building is modelled with finite elements to fully account for its ability to store energy and to accurately predict heat loss through thermal bridges. Air flow in the rooms is approximated by a lumped element model with three dynamical nodes per room. The dynamic model also contains the control algorithm for the HVAC system and predicts the net primary energy consumption for heating and cooling of the building for any time period. The new simulation scheme has the advantage to avoid U-values and thermal bridge coefficients and instead use well-known physical material parameters. It has the potential to use 2D and 3D geometries with appropriate automatic processing from BIM models. Simulations are validated by comparison to IDA ICE and temperature measurement. This work aims to discuss novel approaches to disseminating building simulation more widely.
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Tuniki, Himanshu Patel, Gabriel Bekö, and Andrius Jurelionis. Using Adaptive Behaviour Patterns of Open Plan Office Occupants in Energy Consumption Predictions. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541563857.

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One of the factors that affects energy consumption in buildings is the level of control that occupants have over their environment, as well as their adaptive behaviour. The aim of this study was to focus on the adaptive clothing behaviour pattern, and to analyse its impact on energy consumption when integrated into a dynamic energy prediction tool. A questionnaire survey was conducted in an office building to collect the occupant behaviour data. The occupant clothing levels and the window opening behaviour were integrated into the dynamic energy performance prediction software, IDA ICE. The results of the simulations showed that the impact of adaptive clothing behaviour on energy consumption is relatively small, but it can meaningfully improve thermal comfort. Including adaptive behaviour in energy simulations can help in improving the accuracy of the energy performance and comfort predictions.
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Weinschenk, Craig, Keith Stakes та Robin Zevotek. Impact of Fire Attack Utilizing Interior and Exterior Streams on Firefighter Safety and Occupant Survival: Air Entrainment. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/gmax3657.

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As research continues into how fire department interventions affect fire dynamics in the modern fire environment, questions continue to arise on the impact and implications of interior versus exterior fire attack on both firefighter safety and occupant survivability. Previous research into various types of fire ground ventilation, flow paths, and exterior fire streams has provided the fire service with an increased understanding of fire dynamics. However, in some instances, the information from the studies did not support current, experience-based practices. This gap between the research to date and the fire ground suppression experience has driven the need for further study. This study will build upon the fire research conducted to date by analyzing how firefighting tactics, specifically different fire suppression tools and tactics, affect the thermal exposure and survivability of both firefighters and building occupants and affect fire behavior in structures. The purpose of this study is to improve firefighter safety, fire ground tactics, and the knowledge of fire dynamics by providing the fire service with scientific information, developed from water flow and full-scale fire testing, in representative single-family homes. This study will build and expand upon the fire research conducted to date by analyzing how firefighting tactics, specifically suppression methods, affect the thermal exposure and survivability of both firefighters and building occupants in addition to impacting fire behavior in structures. The purpose of this study is to improve firefighter safety, fireground tactics, and the knowledge of fire dynamics by providing the fire service with credible scientific information, developed from both water flow and full-scale fire testing, in representative single family homes. The project is comprised of 3 parts: • Part I: Water Distribution • Part II: Air Entrainment • Part III: Full-Scale Residential Fire Experiments This report details the results and analysis from the air entrainment testing. These tests were conducted without the presence of fire to gain a fundamental understanding of how hose streams entrain air. Each set of experiments was intended to add to the understanding of air entrainment and pressure from fire service hose streams by evaluating the differences caused by various application methods, hose stream types, nozzle movements, pressures/flow rates, manufacturers, and ventilation configurations.
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Rice, J., R. C. Paulen, M. Ross, M. B. McClenaghan, and H. E. Campbell. Quaternary geology of the southern Core Zone area, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331426.

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The complex glacial geomorphology of east-central Quebec and western Labrador has resulted in conflicting ice-sheet reconstructions, leaving many questions regarding the behaviour of large ice sheets within their inner regions. Specifically, the ice-flow chronology and subglacial conditions remainpoorly constrained. To address this, surficial geology investigations were conducted across the border of Quebec and Labrador. A complex glacial history consisting of five ice-flow phases influenced by regional ice-stream dynamics was identified, including a near-complete ice-flow reversal. During each ice-flow phase, the subglacial thermal conditions fluctuated both spatially and temporally, resulting in palimpsest glacial dispersal patterns. Deglacial ages from samples collected as part of this research confirm deglaciation occurred relatively rapidly around 8 ka. The results of this work lead to a better understanding of the glacial history of an inner region of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and have important implications for mineral exploration in the southern Core Zone area.
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Rice, J. M., R. C. Paulen, M. Ross, M. B. McClenaghan, and H E Campbell. Quaternary geology of the south Core Zone area, Quebec and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330903.

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The complex glacial geomorphology of east-central Quebec and western Labrador has resulted in conflicting ice sheet reconstructions leaving many questions regarding the behaviour of large ice sheets within their inner regions. Specifically, the ice-flow chronology and subglacial conditions remain poorly constrained. To address this, surficial geology investigations were conducted across the border of Quebec and Labrador. A complex glacial history consisting of five ice-flow phases influenced by regional ice stream dynamics was identified, including a near-complete ice-flow reversal. During each ice-flow phase, the subglacial thermal conditions fluctuated both spatially and temporally, resulting in palimpsest glacial dispersal patterns. Deglacial ages from samples collected as part of this research confirm deglaciation occurred relatively rapidly around 8 ka. The results of this work improve our understanding of the glacial history of an inner region of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and have important implications for mineral exploration in the southern Core Zone area.
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Willi, Joseph, Keith Stakes, Jack Regan, and Robin Zevotek. Evaluation of Ventilation-Controlled Fires in L-Shaped Training Props. UL's Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mijj9867.

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Investigations of recent firefighter line of duty deaths caused by rapid fire progression have highlighted a deficiency in firefighters’ understanding of how certain tactics affect the fire dynamics of ventilation-controlled fires. Many fires are in a ventilation-limited, decay state by the time firefighters arrive at the scene, meaning that introducing additional ventilation to the environment has the potential to cause rapid and intense fire growth. To more effectively teach firefighters about the potential effects of ventilation on a compartment fire, ventilation-controlled fires should be gener- ated during training. Safely creating such fires while maintaining compliance with NFPA 1403: Standard on Live-Fire Training Evolutions allows instructors to educate students on this important principle of fire dynamics in the training environment. Structures utilized for live-fire training have evolved from typical concrete burn buildings to now include smaller purpose-built props, like those constructed from steel shipping containers or wood and gypsum board. Such props have been embraced by organizations due to their cost-effectiveness and potential to improve fire behavior training. Obtaining a thorough understanding of the capa- bilities and limitations of such props is critical for instructors to convey accurate messages during training and properly prepare firefighters for scenarios they’ll encounter in the field. Experiments were conducted to quantify the fire environment in L-shaped props with different wall constructions. One prop had an interior wall lining of gypsum board over wood studs and fiberglass insulation. The two other props were constructed from metal shipping containers with corrugated steel walls; one had ceilings and walls comprised solely of the corrugated steel, while the other had ceilings and walls comprised of rolled steel sheeting over mineral wool insulation with the corrugated steel wall as its backing. Three fuel packages were compared between the props: one contained furnishings mainly composed of synthetic materials and foam plastics; another contained wooden pallets and straw; and the third contained wooden pallets, straw, and oriented strand board (OSB). A stochastic approach was used to compare data between replicate tests and quantify the repeatability of the different props and fuel packages, all of which were deemed sufficiently repeatable. Comparisons of data between the three props revealed that thermal conditions between experiments in the two metal props were indistinguishable, suggesting that the additional layer of insulation did not significantly alter the fire environment. Additionally, thermal conditions in the gypsum-lined prop were more severe than those in the metal props. The effects of ventilation changes on fire conditions were also analyzed across various prop and fuel load combinations. Lastly, the response of the thermal environment in each prop during interior suppression was evaluated, and the results implied that the thermal exposure to the firefighter was more severe in the metal props than the gypsum prop for a brief period following the start of suppression.
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Weinschenk, Craig, Keith Stakes та Robin Zevotek. Impact of Fire Attack Utilizing Interior and Exterior Streams on Firefighter Safety and Occupant Survival: Water Mapping. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/nevx1787.

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As research continues into how fire department interventions affect fire dynamics in the modern fire environment; questions continue to arise on the impact and implications of interior versus exterior fire attack on both firefighter safety and occupant survivability. Previous research into various types of fire ground ventilation, flow paths, and exterior fire streams has provided the fire service with an increased understanding of fire dynamics. However, in some instances, the information from the studies may not support current, experienced-based practices. This gap between the research to date and the fire ground suppression experience has driven the need for further study. Therefore, research into the various methods of fire attack will allow a broader understanding of how firefighter interventions on the fire ground can impact the outcome of both life safety and property protection. This study will build upon the fire research conducted to date by analyzing how firefighting tactics, specifically different fire suppression tools and tactics, affect the thermal exposure and survivability of both firefighters and building occupants and affect fire behavior in structures. The purpose of this study is to improve firefighter safety, fireground tactics, and the knowledge of fire dynamics by providing the fire service with scientific information, developed from water flow and full-scale fire testing, in representative single-family homes. The project will be comprised of 3 parts: • Part I: Water Distribution • Part II: Air Entrainment • Part III: Full-Scale Residential Fire Experiments This report details the results and analysis from the water distribution experiments. These tests were conducted without the presence of fire to gain a fundamental understanding of water flows into compartments. Each test was designed to quantify water distribution within a compartment by evaluating the differences caused by various application methods, hose stream types, nozzle movements, pressures/flow rates, stream locations and elevation angles.
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