Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamique d'adsorption et de désorption'
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Guesmi, Hazar. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des mécanismes d'adsorption/désorption de l'antimoine sur une surface de silicium (111)." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010751.
Full textDu point de vue expérimental, l'utilisation combinée de la spectrométrie de masse, de la diffraction des électrons et de la microscopie à effet tunnel nous a permis de décrire les propriétés structurales, cinétiques et thermodynamiques du système. Du point de vue théorique, l'utilisation des méthodes ab-initio nous a permis d'étudier l'évolution de la nature des sites d'adsorption avec le recouvrement de surface.
Ce travail permet de dégager un scénario cohérent de l'adsorption, dans lequel la nature du site préférentiel change depuis un site ternaire (à faible recouvrement) vers un site apical (à complétion de la couche), permettant de passer d'un système à interactions répulsives (théorie) ou nulles (expérience) à un système à interactions attractives (théorie et expérience). Ce changement de site permet de réconcilier nos résultats expérimentaux cinétiques et thermodynamiques, qui semblaient contradictoires.
Vreme, Alexandru. "Dynamique d'ingestion et de désorption du gaz carbonique en solution aqueuse." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS038/document.
Full textThis work is about dynamical phenomena of water-carbon dioxide solutions, either pure binary mixtures or carbonated beverages. We address the general problem of how such solutions, initially at Henry's equilibrium, respond to a perturbation. The latter may be a sudden change in pressure, or mechanical shaking. These problems are investigated with the help of especially designed experimental hardware that allows us to visualize the velocity field and the concentration front inside solutions, in diverse conditions of pressure, system size and shape. An important part of the work is dedicated to chemi-convection, i.e. the fluid motion induced by destabilisation of the diffuse layer of dissolved CO2. Both experimental characterization and interpretation through a theory of the corresponding Rayleigh-Taylor instability are presented. The other part of the work is related to closed systems, representative of a bottle of champagne and of sodas in general. A key observation is that shaking produces a small transient drop of the internal pressure, which we explain through a dedicated modelbuilt on Epstein-Plesset's theory of bubble dynamics
Berez, Amor. "Dépollution par l'argile naturelle d'effluents teinturiers : étude expérimentale et modélisation du processus d'adsorption / désorption en réacteur fermé et colonne de percolation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH007/document.
Full textThe aim of the work is to study the adsorption-desorption process of an azo dye on natural clay from two Tunisian deposits. The laboratory experiment was conducted in a closed reactor (batch) and percolation column. In the first step, two types of clay were used. The kinetic study shows that the adsorption and desorption follow the pattern of a pseudo first order phenomenon. A Langmuir isotherm is fitted to the adsorption process, while the desorption isotherm is characterised by hysteresis. The adsorption capacity of the Gafsa clay is more pronounced than that of the Borj Chekir clay. The percolation column studies were conducted on a mixture of of Borj Chekir clay and medium sand H2F. Hydrodynamic parameters were determined using an inert tracer (fluorescein). The reactive transport study showed that an increase in clay percentage will increase retention, but, on the other hand when using a constant percentage of the clay-sand mixture, increasing the injection rate will decrease the retention capacity of the mixture. The output curves were then compared with the numerical results of a 1D reactive transport model incorporating two reversible and irreversible adsorption sites
Mercury, Maud Chloé. "Etude de méthodes et moyens d'adsorption/désorption pour l'analyse en ligne de traces de dioxines/furannes à l'émission de sources fixes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX11049.
Full textWaste management is a major problem of our society where the amount of waste is still increasing. In 2008, in France, 868 million tons of waste were produced. Today, incineration is considered to be an effective method for disposing of waste. However, since the discovery dioxins generated in all waste plants, this technique becomes a topic of great concern. The authorities require a regulation of dioxin emissions lower than 0. 1 ng ITEQ. M-3 in Europe. Consequently it appears very important to measure and control in “real time” dioxin emission levels from waste incinerators. The major focus of this dissertation work centers on the development of an on-line, real time and direct monitoring technique to study stationary emission sources of dioxins/furans. It concerns the study of new classes of selective adsorbents; in relation to the complexity of the gas mixture in the incinerator’s emissions and to the possible existence of the gas phase dioxin congeners. In a first time, these works focus on study, synthesis and characterization of new selective adsorbent materials as zeolites. These materials have been used as supports for adsorption of solutions of dioxins (2,3- DCDD and 1,2,3,4-TCDD in isooctane) and they have been compared to adsorbents used in NF EN 1948 standard during emission sampling. This study shows that NaX zeolite was the best adsorbent for selective trapping on dioxins. In a second time, an analytical method for on line monitoring of gas phase dioxin at the emission of waste incinerators is designed and developed. This method is based on an adsorption/ thermal desorption device coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The device allows the on-line analysis of the standard gas flue of dioxins and the analysis of dioxins trapped in an adsorbent tube. To conclude, these works shows the interest of use zeolites for selective trapping of gas phase dioxins in an on-line field device of adsorption/ thermal desorption of dioxins from stationary sources
Danatoiu, Cristina. "Étude des phénomènes d'adsorption et désorption de composes organiques volatils sur charbon actif : Application to the improvement of industrial atmospheres." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0118.
Full textA study of the adsorption and desorption processes of organic volatile compounds on active charcoal vas performed, in order to improve the quality of the atmosphere in car painting places. This work was done with solvents that already exist in these atmospheres, particularly toluene, butanol, n-butyl-acetate, xylene and cyclohexanone, onto four active charcoals, two Romanian: RCAFS and AD3 commercialised by ROMCARBON and two french ones, AC35 and AC40, commercialised by CECA. Several analysis techniques were used: gas-chromatography, thermal analysis and mass spectrometry. The study takes into account the theoretical aspects of the retention processes of the solvents onto porous solids, at microscopical level, with the help of adsorption isotherms of the toluene on the charcoals. The breakthrough of the charcoals by the pure solvents was obtained, in order to determine the optimal conditions and the values of the constants that intervene in the modelisation of an adsorber. The desorption with hot air was also studied, aiming to the regeneration of the charcoals and in the same time the recuperation of the sol vents. The adsorption-desorption cycles permitted also the verification of the behaviour of the charcoals intime. Coupling thermogravimetrical analysis with mass spectrometry (DTG-DTP/SM) allowed to perform a programmed temperature study who retrieved the fabrication tar (naphthenic compound) in greater or smaller quantities, depending on the charcoal used. The desorption energies were also evaluated. The association of all the results made possible the calculation of the working of an adsorber provided with these active charcoals
Roques-Carmes, Thibault. "Potentialité de la réflectométrie laser à angle fixe pour l'étude des propriétés d'adsorption/désorption du polyvinylimidazole sur des substrats diélectriques et métalliques." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2020.
Full textHamdaoui, Oualid. "Contribution à l'étude et à la modélisation des phénomènes d'adsorption-désorption de composés organiques sur charbon actif en grain en l'absence et en présence d'ultrasons." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS047.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study and model the adsorption of phenol and chlorophenols onto granular activated carbon and to specify the feasibility of using ultrasound to enhance the desorption of these organic compounds from the adsorbent. The study and modeling of the adsorption kinetics of phenolic compounds on activated carbon show that the two limiting stages of adsorption are the transport through the boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion. Isotherm modeling reveals that adsorption is in monolayer and it is carried out in definite and localised sites, the already occupied sites do not authorize the fixation of other molecules of adsorbate, the adsorbed phenolic molecules are pushed back and thus there is no association between them and the adsorption is carried out on energitecly different sites. The effects of ultrasound of various frequencies and intensities on adsorption-desorption processes of 4-chlorophenol on granular activated carbon were studied and discussed. Adsorption capacities obtained in the presence of ultrasound are lower than that observed in the absence of the ultrasonic field and they are inversely proportional to ultrasound intensity. Comparison of kinetic curves shows that the adsorption rate of 4-chlorophenol is higher in the presence of ultrasound. The desorption of 4-chlorophenol from the granular activated carbon surface was studied in the absence and presence of ultrasound of various frequencies and powers. The desorption rates obtained in the presence of ultrasonic field are largely higher than those observed in the absence of ultrasound. The amount of 4-chlorophenol desorbed increases with the intensity of ultrasound. Addition of naoh and/or ethanol to the system involves an increase of the amount of 4-chlorophenol desorbed, especially in the presence of ultrasound. The influence of ultrasound on desorption consists of their thermal and non-thermal effects. Sonochemical and sonophotochemical methods of regeneration of the activated carbon saturated with phenolic compound are very promising techniques which simultaneously lead to mineralize the organic compound and to regenerate the activated carbon. These techniques do not modify the specific surface and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon after several cycles of adsorption-regeneration
Papalazarou, Evangelos. "Applications des harmoniques élevées en physique des solides : dynamique de phonons cohérents résolue en temps et endommagement de surface." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0024.
Full textAyoub, Shahid. "Simulation et optimisation de procédés d'adsorption modulée en pression : formulation et résolution à l'aide de l'optimisation dynamique hybride." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL010N/document.
Full textThe objective of the work was to develop a hybrid dynamic optimisation approach for simulation and optimisation of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes. It is mainly based on the hybrid formulation of the process model and on the use of adjoint system method. The simulation problem which consists in determining the cyclic steady state (CSS) is formulated as an optimisation problem where the CSS condition is considered as the performance index, initial values of state variables as decision variables and process model along with associated conditions as constraints. In optimisation, the decision vector consists of design and operation parameters in addition to the initials values of state variables whereas the CSS condition is considered in this case as a constraint to be satisfied for each optimal solution. Several process models with a varied degree of complexity have been studied. These models are isothermal and non isothermal with and without frozen states. The performance index considered are purity, recovery and energy. The results obtained are interesting vis-a-vis the performance of the processes considered as well as the robustness of the optimisation algorithm and show the great potential of the approach developed for the optimal design and operation of PSA processes
Perrier, Aurélie. "Approche statistico-dynamique des réactions de désorption moléculaire : application aux systèmes H2/Pt(111) et H2/Cu(111)." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13070.
Full textAbidi, Nejib. "Interactions argiles naturelles-effluents teinturiers : influence des propriétés de surface des argiles et mécanismes d'adsorption des colorants." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH005/document.
Full textIndustrial effluents from textile activities often have a high pollution load readily biodegradable. Previous work has shown the potential of natural untreated clays to clean up these dyers effluents although anionic dyes are not easily absorbable on these media. The effluents also contain other chemical compounds used in the different stages of the dyeing process, and which are of various natures (salts, acids, bases, detergents, enzyme derivatives, etc ...). It appears that these auxiliary products play a role in the adsorption of anionic dyes on untreated clay. However, no currently known study has examined the effect of the additives from the dyeing process on the adsorption of dye onto clay. This is the first study to focus on the dye-clay-additive system. Adsorption / desorption batch tests were conducted considering different dye additive-clay systems. The tests’ results show that the enzyme like additives enhance the adsorption of anionic dye on the clay by neutralizing the negative charges and reinforcing clay-dye links. Other additives have the opposite effect, but do not offset the positive effect of enzyme like additives when mixed in the effluent. Assumptions of interactions involved in dye adsorption were made with the help of the results of infrared and mass spectrometry, zetametry and the modeling of adsorption isotherms
Beaumont, Fabien. "Analyses expérimentale et numérique de la dynamique des mécanismes convectifs de brassage du fluide et de désorption du CO2 appliquées à l’œnologie du champagne." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS015.
Full textWhen a glass releases too quickly his dissolved gas, the loss of the aromas carried by the bubbles is sudden and irreversible. So, the knowledge of the physical mechanisms at the origin of CO2 release in a glass of champagne should lead to a glass shape conducive to aromas development and at a sustainable effervescence.The contribution of mechanisms of admixture of the wine on the CO2 desorption in a glass of champagne remains still unknown. To deepen our understanding of these aspects, we analyze the carbon dioxide release processes in tasting conditions. The approach adopted in this thesis consists in studying the mass transfer mechanisms (nucleation, diffusion, evaporation) between the liquid and gaseous phase. By experimental (laser tomography, PIV, IR thermography) and numerical ways (CFD), we follow the unsteady evolution of the two phase flow in a champagne glass. We highlight a complex flow, composed of multiple hydrodynamic instabilities. The results show also that the CO2 release strongly depends on the glass shape and on the wine temperature.By highlighting the glass shape on the carbon dioxide release, these works allowed to improve the parameters knowledge which affect or favor the effervescence process in tasting conditions. These conclusions must be confirmed by a tasting panel to show that the aromas release is closely related to the glass shape
Denneulin, Eric. "Etude par réflexion diffuse infrarouge et diffusion Raman de la dynamique d'adsorption de métaux carbonyles dans des zéolithes de type faujasite." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613043k.
Full textDenneulin, Eric. "Étude par réflexion diffuse infrarouge et diffusion Raman de la dynamique d'adsorption de métaux carbonyles dans des zéolithes de type faujasite." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10058.
Full textTlili, Sabrine. "Etude des cinétiques et des équilibres d'adsorption des composés organiques volatils et semi-volatils présents dans l'atmosphère des salles blanches sur les composants microélectroniques en cours de fabrication." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4806.
Full textAs semiconductor devices become smaller, it is increasingly important to reduce the degree of organic contamination in the areas where such devices are produced. It has been shown that cleanrooms are indispensable to provide a suitable environment for processing semiconductor devices. However, at present time there is no technology for controlling the contamination with volatile organic compounds (VOC), and even in such an environment, the wafers are exposed to VOC. A new experimental approach has been developed in our laboratory in order to follow the adsorption and desorption processes of volatile and semi volatiles organic compounds on silicon wafer surfaces. This unique setup is based on three principal components: a stable gas-phase generator, a flow tube reactor, and a proton-transfer-reaction–mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) analytical device to monitor the VOC. The adsorption behavior of five the most abundant VOCs in the cleanroom environment (isopropanol, acetone, xylene, ethyl acetate and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate) and three semi volatile organic compounds (diethylphtalate, tri-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate and tri-(2-cloropropyl)-phosphate) on silicon wafer surface was studied. The kinetic parameters were determined and correlations between the gas phase concentrations and the surface densities of the organic contaminants were established. By comparing the adsorption properties of the studied compounds, it has been demonstrated that time dependant changes in the surface concentration of the organic species are governed by desorption constants, kdes. Moreover, kdes was found to be dependent on the molecular weight of the studied organics
Bisson, Regis. "Interaction de l'hydrogène atomique avec les surfaces de silicium : réalisation du système expérimental, caractérisation et premiers résultats." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0032.
Full textAlnot, Patrick. "Étude des mécanismes d'adsorption, de désorption et de décomposition de molécules simples (N : :(2), H::(2), D::(2), NH::(3), ND::(3), CO, NO, O::(2)) sur W(100) par la technique des faisceaux moléculaires et par photoémission." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10063.
Full textDecrette, Armelle. "Etude par simulation numérique de la dynamique moléculaire de l'adsorption de l'éthylène et du n-butane dans la silicate-1 : modélisation des spectres d'absorption infrarouge et de la cinétique d'adsorption." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS076.
Full textThe objective of this work is to develop a tool for molecular dynamics simulation for the study of the adsorption of gases in the porous solids. Two sets of themes of research currently under development are particularly aimed: hydrocarbon diffusion linear and connected in C6 on a silicalite by manometry out of equilibrium, and the adsorption of trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene on a silicalite by infrared spectroscopy. The implementation of this new set of themes of modelling being difficult with such molecules, we decided to work on less complex molecules: butane for the study of the diffusion, and ethylene for the infrared spectroscopy. The tool for numerical simulation set up rests on the principle of molecular dynamics except transient equilibrium. It makes it possible to study equilibria and the kinetics of adsorption according to protocols inspired by those used in experiments. Data of adsorption to equilibrium as well as dynamic properties and vibrational can be determined
Elm', Chaouri Abdellah. "Isothermes et isobares d'adsorption-désorption de la vapeur d'eau de zéolithes désaluminées et de minéraux argileux : apport de la théorie de Polanyi-Dubinin à la caractérisation de la texture poreuse de zéolithes HY désaluminées et aux calculs des grandeurs thermodynamiques de l'hectorite et de la nontronite." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS021.
Full textSefrioui, Chaibainou Nisrine. "Etude numérique de l’adsorption et de la désorption de particules colloïdales en milieu poreux : Influence de la topographie de surface et des interactions physico-chimiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14491/document.
Full textThis study deals with the transport of colloidal particles in porous media. Colloids (particles with a characteristic size smaller than one micron) are found in daily life (ink, cosmetics ...) and in many fields of science and technology such as biology (bacteria, viruses, protozoa ...) and engineering (filtration, hydrology, civil engineering, petroleum engineering ...). Because of their size and nature, the study of these systems needs to focus on interactions that may exist between the particles themselves but also with the surrounding environment. This is particularly true in the case of transport of colloids in porous media where the particles characteristic dimension size is close to that of the porous medium. We mention especially the case of flow in aquifers that may affect the transport of contaminants of a biological origin (bacteria, viruses), chemical origin (hydrocarbons, pollutants) or minerals (clay, metals ...). In each case cited above, it is necessary to consider particles transport in porous media and their deposition/release to better understand and model the involved mechanisms. The first part of this work is devoted to the development and resolution of a macroscopic model of particle deposition. Comparison of numerical results with experimental data in the literature has established the existing relationships between a delay factor and both ionic strength and the Peclet number. The second part of the study deals with the study, at the microscopic level, of a colloidal particle transport taking into account DLVO forces for smooth and rough pore surfaces. Our results highlight the role played by surface roughness on the adsorption and desorption of particles under the influence of ionic strength and flow rate
De, Grazia Marco. "Applications du rayonnement harmonique à l'interaction UVX-solide : dynamique de relaxation à haute densité d'excitation et endommagement de surface." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112321.
Full textKaragiorgas, Michaelis. "Etude du comportement dynamique d'une pompe a chaleur a adsorption solide couplée a des sources extérieures de chaleur de capacité finie via des conductances finies : modélisation et expériences." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077131.
Full textDEMIRDJIAN, Benjamin. "STRUCTURE ET DYNAMIQUE DE FILMS DE GLACE SUPPORTÉS. INFLUENCE DE L'ADSORPTION DE HCl, IMPLICATIONS POUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003590.
Full textGhalgaoui, Ahmed. "Adsorption et dynamique femtoseconde de molécules de CO adsorbées sur des nanoparticules épitaxiées : sonde optique non linéaire, effet de taille et de support." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692450.
Full textStafford, Luc. "Étude fondamentale des mécanismes de gravure par plasma de matériaux de pointe : application à la fabrication de dispositifs photoniques." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17365.
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