Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamique de chargement'
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Thénault, François. "Validation dynamique d'une nouvelle méthode d'estimation du chargement lombaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61840.pdf.
Full textThénault, François. "Validation dynamique d'une nouvelle méthode d'estimation du chargement lombaire." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Find full textMalo, Alexandre. "Chargement dynamique par composants pour réseaux de capteurs adaptables." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6194.
Full textChatelain, Verchinine Alexia. "Sécurité du code mobile en terme de types : application au langage JAVA." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112107.
Full textType safety of a programming language means in particular that no buffer overflow attack ispossible upon software written in that language. Sun proclaimed Java to be typesafe just on it's birthday. From this day forward a lot of efforts were doneto demonstrate formally the type safety property. Various researches in thatdirection proved clearly that the Java type system can not be compromised atcompile time. Nevertheless V. Saraswat showed that (early version of) Java virtualmachine (JVM) may be corrupted at run time. A kind of constraint system wasproposed by S. Liang and G. Bracha to fix the bug, but actually their solutioncan not be taken for granted, notwithstanding the fact that it assures run-time typesafety. Two main aims of the thesis are: first, to make the above mentionedapproach applicable and, second, to generalize the equivalence relation onclasses and to obtain a new compatibility relation that is much more flexibleas far as class replacement is concerned. On the other hand, good semantic properties of Java language give still no guarantee of type safetyif the substitution of compatible but not equivalent classes is permitted. Toget it, one needs to study in depth low level virtual machine properties alongwith memory allocation problems
Michel, Gérard Jullien Jean-François. "Flambage de coques cylindriques sous un chargement de cisaillement dynamique." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 1999. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=michel.
Full textMichel, Gérard. "Flambage de coques cylindriques sous un chargement de cisaillement dynamique." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1997ISALx103/these.pdf.
Full textThin-walled structures under seismic loading could exhibit bulking, even in the case of a correct static design in relationship with the design codes. The aim of our study is to answer questions about the effect of dynamic shear loading thin shells. Two approaches, experimental tests and finite elements simulations, are used in order to lead this goal. Chapter one is dedicate to a bibliographic research; static and dynamic instability are treat in point of view theoretical. Previous studies, regarding static and dynamic shear buckling, are also describe. The second chapter describes the tools used in this study. Experimental specimens and the special static and dynamic design machine test are presented; computational technique and finite element presentation end this part. Firstly a static analysis, with a comparison between experimental and numerical results, is done in order to have data before dynamic tests. Monotonous and cyclic tests are performed in order to underline the elastic bilinear and stable post critic behavior, the initial imperfection insensitivity is also showed. Dynamic tests and finite element simulations are presented in the last. A shell finite element vibration analysis is done in order to understand the initial imperfection and shear load effects. Then, the experimental results synthesis, for distinct load level and excitation frequencies, shows the occurrence of dynamic instability in the case of cylindrical thin shell under dynamic shear loading. Experimental parametric resonance, with load level inferior to static critical load, is bearded out by finite element simulations with the softwares ABAQUS and INCA. This instability, result of the buckling and vibration modes coupling, is function of the load level and the frequency excitation in relationship with the shell eigen frequency
Czarnota, Christophe. "Endommagement ductile des matériaux métalliques sous chargement dynamique - Application à l'écaillage." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188759.
Full textLes conditions de sollicitations suggèrent la prise en compte d'une population de défauts dans le matériau. Après une étude préliminaire sur différentes approches d'homogénéisation établissant le lien entre le comportement macroscopique et l'évolution individuelle des vides, le schéma micro-macro de type « même condition en contrainte» est adopté. Il est alors montré que dans ce cas, et pour un comportement viscoplastique, l'hétérogénéité de l'endommagement est étroitement liée aux effets inertiels.
Dans un deuxième temps, le matériau est supposé initialement sain. L'étape de nucléation est prise en compte via la notion de sites potentiels de nucléation. Lorsque la pression appliquée atteint une valeur critique pour un site potentiel donné, un vide apparaît spontanément et commence à croître par déformation plastique de la matrice. Nous adoptons une approche statistique de la distribution des pressions de cavitation dans le matériau. Il est alors mis en évidence, dans la construction d'un nouveau modèle d'endommagement, la nécessité de tenir compte des effets de la porosité sur l'influence micro-inertielle et sur la chute de résistance de la matrice viscoplastique.
Le modèle de nucléation et croissance de vides est ensuite utilisé afin de construire un modèle complet élasto-viscoplastique avec endommagement. Le comportement déviatorique est géré par une loi de plasticité classique de type Prandtl-Reuss tandis que la partie sphérique est gouvernée par la croissance des cavités avec effet micro-inertiel. Ce modèle d'endommagement est implanté dans le code de calculs par éléments finis ABAQUS/EXPLICIT, via un sous-programme utilisateur VUMAT. L'essai d'impact de plaques est simulé et les résultats obtenus révèlent une bonne concordance avec les résultats expérimentaux sur le Tantale issus de la littérature.
Dagorn, Noëlig. "Caractérisation expérimentale de la rupture d'interfaces collées sous chargement dynamique multiaxial." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0011.
Full textAdhesive joints are widely developed in aeronautical applications. These bonded assemblies have to support dynamic impact sollicitations and failure has to be predicted. The material viscous failure mechanisms in the adhesive are rate sensitive. Moreover, the joint failure usually occurs under a mixed-mode combination of traction and shear loading. However, current cohesive zone models do not take into account the possible coupling between loading rate-dependency and the mode mixity. The aim of this work is consequently to characterize the fracture behaviour of adhesives under mixed mode dynamic loadings. For that purpose, a new experimental protocol is developed. With the same equipment, small variations of specimen's geometry are employed to cover the wide range from traction to shear loading. The dynamic loading is achieved using a servohydraulic testing machine. The validity of the protocol under quasi-static loading is experimentally confirmed by comparison to a reference test. The quasi-static fracture toughness and failure surfaces are found equivalent under shear mode II and mode III. Moreover, the fracture toughness is found to decrease when rising the loading rate, whatever the mode mixity. Finally, a failure criterion is defined to take into account both the rate and mixed mode in uence on the fracture toughness
Shi, Feifei. "Comportement des tôles métalliques à gradient de propriété sous chargement dynamique." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0035/document.
Full textThis Ph.D dissertation aimed at the comprehensive understanding and the constitutive modeling of the mechanical behaviours of the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet under a large range of loading rates. SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheets are multi-layered functionally graded materials (FGM). The main research results and conclusions are summarized as followed:(1) The overall rate sensitivity SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet is characterized by the double shearing test under quasi-static and dynamic loading where a large strain can be achieved without geometry instability. Impact double shear test are performed with a large diameter Hopkinson bar system and an adapted equal-impedance clamping device. Significant rate sensitivity is found. It is also observed that such a rate enhancement does not induce an important reduction of the ductility.(2) In order to extract accurate material information from the double shear tests, their testing conditions are thoroughly analyzed using numerical simulation. Numerical models including clamping devices have been built to investigate the influence of this clamping device at the early stage of loading. A limited effect was found for various imperfect testing conditions such as the clamping device stiffness, non-homogeneous stress and strain fields, non-equilibrium state, etc. On the contrary, numerical and analytical study shows that the simple small strain assumption usually used in double shear tests are not accurate enough. Eulerian cumulated strain definition should be used to get consistent numerical results. From this finding, the experimental rate sensitivity obtained for the SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet are recalculated.(3) A multi-layers elastic plastic damageable constitutive model is proposed to model SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet. The parameters are identified using tensile testing results. The elastic plastic behavior is curve fitted with a simple Ludwig hardening model. However, the damage parameters should be identified using an inverse method on the basis of numerical simulation of these tensile tests. In order to validate this multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model, indentation/piercing tests on SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet are performed. Numerical simulation of this indentation/piercing tests is also realized. It is found that the identified multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model allows for a quite accurate prediction of the experimental piercing tests.(4) In order to evaluate the impact anti-piercing capacity of the SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet, the impact perforation tests using Hopkinson bar are carried out. Numerical simulation of these impact perforation tests are realized with a similar FEM model as the quasi-static case. As the rate sensitivity of SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet is experimentally characterized with double shear test, a rate sensitive multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model is introduced. The numerical results agree well with the experimental ones, which indicates the effectiveness of the numerical model as well as the rate sensitive multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model
Berthou-Camara, Mariama. "Etude de l’influence de la dynamique de chargement sur le comportement tribologique du contact." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066401.
Full textGaro, Anais. "Modélisation du corps vertébral en chargement dynamique : intégration de l'effet de l'âge." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00615426.
Full textLauro, Franck. "Méthodologie pour la prise en compte de l'endommagement microstructural sous chargement dynamique." Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/25f4f14a-3b4f-4730-8c34-14477ea53cc3.
Full textOptasanu, Virgil. "Modélisation expérimentale et numérique de la lubrification des paliers compliants sous chargement dynamique." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00102599.
Full textAfin d'effectuer une comparaison avec les résultats numériques, un dispositif expérimental original a été réalisé. Ce dispositif respecte la cinématique du système bielle ‑ manivelle et utilise des modèles schématiques de bielle. Il fournit des résultats sur les phénomènes élastohydrodynamiques sous chargement dynamique.
Les méthodes de mesure utilisées sont la photoélasticimétrie et la corrélation d'images numériques. La première est utilisée pour visualiser l'état des contraintes généré dans la structure du modèle de bielle par la pression du film de lubrifiant et la seconde sert à mesurer l'épaisseur du film d'huile dans le palier.
La comparaison avec la modélisation numérique montre une très bonne concordance entre le réseau de franges d'isochromes visualisé expérimentalement et celui calculé numériquement. Quant à l'épaisseur de film, la concordance est bonne sur tout le cycle sauf sur 30° d'angle de vilebrequin avant et après l'explosion. Cette non-concordance est mise au compte de la viscoélasticité du matériau.
La partie numérique de ce travail consiste en l'étude des phénomènes d'écrasement du film de lubrifiant par la modification du code de calcul existant. Après une comparaison avec une étude simple analytique, qui valide la justesse de la modélisation numérique, le problème de la lubrification des paliers de pied de bielle est abordé. L'influence des divers caractéristiques telles que l'élasticité de l'arbre, la piézoviscosité du lubrifiant, la position des cuvettes d'alimentation, est également étudiée.
Optasanu, Virgil. "Modélisations expérimentale et numérique de la lubrification des paliers compliants sous chargement dynamique." Poitiers, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00102599.
Full textDeü, Jean-François. "Rupture des composites stratifiés sous chargement dynamique : apports des méso-modèles avec endommagement retardé /." Cachan : Laboratoire de mécanique et technologie, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb361953902.
Full textDeü, Jean-François. "Rupture des composites stratifiés sous chargement dynamique : apport des méso-modèles avec endommagement retardé." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0012.
Full textDali, Bachir. "Détermination de la force portante statique des pieux soumis à un chargement dynamique axial." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0047.
Full textThe C. E. B. T. P. Instructed by the French "LA FÉDÉRATION NATIONALE DES TRAVAUX PUBLICS ET DU BÂTIMENT", has carried out extensive research in the field of dynamic pile load testing. This research has resulted in the following: 1) Development of a systematic procedure to determine the equivalent static load response of a pile based on a theoretical and experimental approach. The data bank used contains more than one hundred full scale tests. 2) Development of integrated software package for signal treatment and simulation, with the following objectives: - introduction of a new soil model, - calculation of the parameters used in the simulation, - choice of calibration criteria, - dynamic-static correlation using the parameters of the dynamic simulation, - construction of an equivalent static curve. This method is now named SIMBAT
Daudonnet, Benjamin. "Etude numérique de la rupture d'éléments de structures constituant des résevoirs sous chargement dynamique." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2023.
Full textOmar, Ahmad. "Développement et validation d'un modèle aux éléments discrets de comportement du béton sous chargement dynamique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI014/document.
Full textThis work concerns the analysis of the vulnerability of sensitive concrete structures subjected to severe dynamic actions such as impacts due to natural hazards or human factors. The object is to develop a numerical tool that can describe objectively the dynamic behaviour of concrete. Then, a 3D discrete element method (DEM) was developed and used to perform the analysis. The first part of this thesis focuses on the simulation of quasi-static uniaxial compression and traction tests. A moment transfer law (MTL) was introduced to overcome the problem of brittle compressive behavior. Then, the identification procedure of the modified DEM model has been optimized in order to reproduce very well the macroscopic behaviour of concrete. Finally, the model has been validated by representing properly the real quasi-static behavior of different types of concrete. The second part of the study deals with the simulation of the dynamic Hopkinson traction bar tests of concrete. The results showed that a local rate effect has to be introduced to reproduce the strain rate dependency, which would then be a material-intrinsic effect. Then, the parameters of the model have been identified. Finally, simulations were run at high strain rates and showed consistent results with respect to experimental behaviour
Piffeteau, Stéphane. "Modélisation du comportement thermoélastohydrodynamique d'un palier de tête de bielle soumis à un chargement dynamique." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2344.
Full textBennani, Abdelkrim. "Détermination par une analyse dynamique et une méthode inverse de la fonction de chargement d'une structure." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10024.
Full textPenin, Arnaud. "Étude sous chargement dynamique biaxial d'une tôle en acier DP450 : influence sur le comportement et la formabilité." Lorient, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LORIS196.
Full textTeel sheets are subject to multi-axial and dynamic loading during automobile crashes or even stamping. However, there are few experimental techniques that are able to test the material properties for both types of loading. This study presents a new stress technique for steel sheets under biaxial and dynamical loading. The aim of the work is to compare the strain rate sensitivity of steel under uniaxial and biaxial loading. The test was conducted with different strain rates from quasi-static 10-3/s to dynamic at 103/s. The first study was to identify strain rate sensitivity under uniaxial loading so as to obtain a reference behavior. This experimental part highlighted the difficulty of studying behavior under a wide range of strain rates, thus requiring the use of various experimental techniques. Biaxial loading was obtained through an expansion test or bulge test. The bulge test was performed under quasi-static loading rate and using a digital image correlation to measure displacement and the strain field, thus enabling optimization of the test through the calculation of the stress-strain relationship. A Hopkinson apparatus was used to increase the strain rate for dynamic bulge testing. For this device, the strain rate sensitivity of the sample was studied by using an inverse approach. Finally, a punch test was used to study formability for both quasi-static and dynamic strain rates. The sample geometry was optimized to control the strain path in expansion. In the quasi-static mode, DIC ( digital image correlation) was used to detect the beginning of necking. However, in the dynamic mode, we only had the load and displacement relationship. Therefore, the beginning of necking was detected through a new method based on the decrease of load evolution due to necking as compared to the load calculated by simulation. This method is used for both quasi-static to dynamic modes and validated with the DIC results
Bouda, Pascal. "Méthode des champs virtuels pour la caractérisation du comportement dynamique de matériaux métalliques sous chargement purement inertiel." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019VALE0003/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing an innovative methodology for viscoplastic material behaviour characterization of metallic materials under purely inertial loads. Indeed, their mechanical behaviour under extreme conditions (e.g., crash, impact or explosions) is often rate-dependant. Statically determinate approaches are mainly used to characterize their behaviour. However, they require numerous tests for which testing conditions are strongly constrained, such as the strain rate which has to remain constant in time and space for instance. By contrast, statically undeterminate approaches enable test processing with a few (or without) hypotheses on experimental conditions. In this work, the Image-Based Inertial Impact test methodology has been extended to characterize the viscoplastic behaviour of metallic materials. Owing to the Virtual Fields Method, it enables the identification of constitutive material parameters with the sole knowledge of strain and acceleration fields (possibly heterogeneous in time and space). Therefore, constitutive models can be characterized over a wide range of plastic strain and strain rate, while the number of tests is limited. Tests design notably relies on the development of a synthetic images generator to determine the experimental setup (e.g., specimen geometry or testing conditions). Finally, experiments are carried out with optimized test configurations to identify Johnson-Cook parameters over a predicted range of plastic strain and strain rate for a titanium alloy widely used in aerospace industry. Identification uncertainties are also quantified and analysed in this work
Joudon, Vincent. "Caractérisation expérimentale de l'initiation et de la propagation de fissure dans une résine époxy sous chargement dynamique." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0029/document.
Full textEpoxy resins toughened with embedded thermoplastic particles are classically used in the aeronautical composites manufacturing. As matrix into laminated composites, epoxy resins determine the delamination resistance of the interlaminar field. The delamination process is a large decohesion that often occurs during impact loadings and it critically compromises the integrity of the light weight composite structures. However, most of the cohesive zone models are not intended to simulate delamination under high rate loadings. In particular, these models do not consider the expected effects of loading rate on fracture behaviour of the resin-rich interlaminar field. Therefore, this research aims at characterizing crack initiation and propagation in epoxy resins under dynamic loadings. For that purpose, we manufacture notched specimens made of pure Hexply RM21 epoxy resin which is mainly used in aeronautics. An experimental procedure is developed and validated in order to estimate initiation and propagation fracture toughness on a 3-points bending test associated to a servo-hydraulic testing machine. Experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic fracture toughness highly increases with the crack propagation speed while the initiation toughness decreases with the impact velocity. These evolutions are consistent with post-mortem micrographic observations that show intensifying fracture mechanisms. Finally, a cohesive law is defined and identified to take into account the dynamic dependency of crack initiation and propagation in the considered epoxy resin
Perron, Christian, and Christian Perron. "Étude CFD des effets du désalignement et du cisaillement sur les performances et le chargement des hydroliennes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26178.
Full textLe développement des hydroliennes se base souvent sur des conditions d'écoulement idéalisées qui ne reflètent pas entièrement le courant présent sur un site réel. Dans cette optique, ce mémoire investigue l'effet d'un écoulement non aligné ou cisaillé sur les performances et le chargement de deux types d'hydrolienne : les hydroliennes à rotor axial (HRA) et à aile oscillante (HAO). Cette étude est réalisée à l'aide de simulations numériques et les résultats démontrent que pour les deux types d'hydrolienne, le désalignement produit une réduction de la puissance et de la traînée, tandis que le cisaillement n'a qu'un effet de second ordre sur ces derniers. Le chargement additionnel sur la structure de support causé par des conditions d'écoulement non idéal est aussi similaire pour les deux technologies. Le désalignement et le cisaillement affectent cependant plus significativement le chargement en fatigue des pales de l'HRA que celui de l'aile de l'HAO.
The development of hydrokinetic turbines is often based on idealized flow conditions which do not fully refect river or tidal currents. In this regard, this thesis investigates the effect of non-aligned or sheared flows on the performances and loading of two turbine types: the axial rotor (ART) and oscillating foil (OFT) turbines. This study was conducted with unsteady numerical simulations and the obtained results show that for both turbine types, misalignment produces a reduction in power and thrust, while the shear has a limited effect on those quantities. The additional loading on the support structure caused by the non-idealized flow is also similar for both devices. However, misalignment and shear affect more severely the fatigue loading on ART blades than they do for OFT.
The development of hydrokinetic turbines is often based on idealized flow conditions which do not fully refect river or tidal currents. In this regard, this thesis investigates the effect of non-aligned or sheared flows on the performances and loading of two turbine types: the axial rotor (ART) and oscillating foil (OFT) turbines. This study was conducted with unsteady numerical simulations and the obtained results show that for both turbine types, misalignment produces a reduction in power and thrust, while the shear has a limited effect on those quantities. The additional loading on the support structure caused by the non-idealized flow is also similar for both devices. However, misalignment and shear affect more severely the fatigue loading on ART blades than they do for OFT.
Turbelin, Grégory. "Modelisation de la turbulence atmospherique en vue de l'etude du chargement aerodynamique des structures soumises aux effets du vent." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EVRYA001.
Full textLamielle, S. "Contribution à la compréhension du comportement de l'abdomen lors d'un chargement dynamique frontal par une ceinture de sécurité." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543990.
Full textL'Hôte, Gabriel. "Etude de la dynamique des dislocations de monocristaux de cuivre sous chargement cyclique : Emission acoustique et caractérisations microstructurales." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI125.
Full textDuring the plastic deformation of crystalline materials, a soft plasticity, made up of many uncorrelated dislocation movements, can coexist with a wilder plasticity, in the form of collaborative movements: dislocation avalanches. The coexistence of the two plasticities depends on the establishment of a dislocation structure, which is supposed to hinder the spread of avalanches. It is proposed to study the correlation between microstructural evolutions and dislocation arrangements under cyclic loading on the one hand, and the nature of the collective dynamics of dislocations on the other hand, in the case of pure copper single crystals. Various stress imposed fatigue tests are performed to study the influence of (i) the loading path, (ii) the loading ratio and (iii) the crystallographic orientation on the plasticity phenomena. The acoustic emission (EA) technique is used to study both types of plasticity. Continuous EA, which can be considered as background noise resulting from the cumulative effect of many sources, is associated with mild plasticity. Discrete EA, with more energetic signals than those emitted continuously, is associated with wild plasticity. Dislocation microstructures are studied using EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction) and ECCI (Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging) techniques at the end of each fatigue level. The EA-ECCI coupling provides valuable information on the dynamics of dislocations. The monitoring by ECCI, during a fatigue test at Rσ=0.1 shows that a given dislocation structure is stable only for given level of stress. The emergence of a dislocation structure act as an obstacle to avalanche movement. However, the application of a larger stress amplitude allows the rearrangement of the structure, which is largely in the form of dislocation avalanches that can travel longer distances than the dislocation mean free path. Small uncorrelated dislocation movements are confined within the dislocation structures, between dense dislocation arrangements (cells, walls, etc.). Mild plasticity is therefore increasingly restricted as the mean free path decreases. The various tests carried out show that the loading path (at Rσ=0.1) has no influence on the dislocation structure formed, but that the dynamics of the dislocations adapt to the way the material is loaded. The loading ratio (Rσ=-1) has a major influence on the formation of dislocation structures, with the emergence of veins, matrices, persistent slip bands and dense cells, but also on the dynamics of dislocations, with a gradual evolution of mild plasticity during cycles and a reduction in the number of avalanches during the hardening of the material. Concerning the influence of crystallographic orientation, a larger number of activated slip systems limit the contribution of avalanches to plasticity
Lamielle, Sophie. "Contribution à la compréhension du comportement de l'abdomen lors d'un chargement dynamique frontal par une ceinture de sécurité." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10124.
Full textAccording to accident analysis, the abdomen has moved to the first body part to protect during a frontal car crash for 3-point belted occupants. In that case, abdominal injuries can be attributed to the submarining phenomena. Besides, a lap belt out of position (OOP) can also generate abdominal injuries during the belt pretensionning. These two phenomena imply a dynamic belt loading of the abdomen. Penetration rates are between 4 and 8 m/s. The purpose of that study is to bring a deeper insight on abdominal behavior and injury mechanisms in order to build an injury predictive model useful to develop and improve safety devices. In order to investigate abdominal response to dynamic belt loading, eight experimental tests were performed on eight Post Mortem Human Surrogates (PMHS). Four were tested in a submarining configuration and four in OOP. Belt and back forces, belt displacement, 3D external deformations of the abdomen, CT scans and pressures were recorded. Based both on previous studies and experimental results obtained, a lumped parameter model was developed. This model reproduces abdominal responses and highlights the non-linear, inertial and viscous comportment of the abdomen. Injury outcomes associated to measures provide validation methods of finite element models of the human abdomen and allow the global improvement of the HUMOS2 FE abdominal model
Aubernon, Corentin. "Evolution de la perméabilité du béton : influence de la température, du chargement mécanique et du fluide percolant." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0058.
Full textThe study of sealing containment vessels of nuclear power station (1300 and 1450 MWe) is a major challenge to ensure the safety of the population. During a Accident with Loss Of Coolant, the containment is subjected to a pressure of 5 bar, 141 ° C temperature and relative humidity close to 100%. Under these extreme conditions, it should remain sealed. To ensure this protection, it is necessary to study the material that makes up these containments: concrete. Today, many studies are used to characterize the permeability of concrete using dry nitrogen as fluid percolating with mechanical loading (compression) up to 150 ° C. However, we know little about the evolution of the nitrogen permeability of concrete with different water contents coupled with mechanical loading. More, the gas used for the measurement of permeability is not steam as accident conditions described above. To be closer to accident conditions, we measure the nitrogen permeability of hollow cylindrical tubes 11 * 22 made of concrete with different percentages of water subjected to compression at ambient temperature. Then we designed an experimental bench to submit concrete cylindrical specimens coupling thermo-hydro-mechanical mixtures by injecting different nitrogen and water vapor, controlled pressure and measuring leakage rates in nitrogen and steam. These tests are performed under mechanical loading compression in pre and post-peak
Massaq, Adbellah Klepaczko J. R. "Caractérisation mécanique d'un matériau composite en tissu de verre et matrice polyamide 6 sous différents types de chargement dynamique." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Massaq.Abdellah.SMZ9919.pdf.
Full textYoussef, Michel. "Analyse de l'influence des paramètres structuraux et fonctionnels d'une cage thoracique sous chargement dynamique a l'aide d'un modèle simplifié." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10190/document.
Full textIn the European Union, 28% of road accidents are frontal impacts which provoke 49% of fatalities where the thoracic fractures are the main cause of death. The finite element models of the human body are an important tool for the simulation of real impacts and the prediction of damage. This thesis has led to develop a rib cage simplified finite element model sufficiently flexible and easily customizable. First, this model is experimentally validated and then used in a parametric study. This study allowed us to characterize the influence of different structural and geometric parameters on the behavior of the rib cage under dynamic loading. This work is divided into three parts : Modeling the rib cage using beam elements whose mechanical properties are determined by three-point bending tests on rib segments and supplemented from literature, Validating the model by simulating the anteroposterior dynamic loading tests led by Vezin and Berthet [Vez09], Performing a parametric study on the influence of the mechanical parameters (Young modulus, stiffness of costo-vertebral joints), the geometry of the rib sections and the overall geometry of the rib cage (ribs slope, shape and overall size of the rib cage). This study permitted to find that Young modulus and the thickness of the cortical have the same influence on the overall stiffness of the chest as well as on the rotation and deformation of the ribs. By increasing these parameters, the stiffness of the chest increases and the maximum compression ratio decreases. Besides, we'll find more rotation and less deformation of the ribs. The stiffness of the costoverterbal joints has a direct influence on the lateral rotation : it will decrease by increasing of the stiffness while deformation will increase. However, the overall stiffness of the chest is slightly modified by modifying the costovertebral joint stiffness. The initial inclination of the ribs accordingly to the load direction has the greatest influence on the deformation of the ribs and therefore on the damage risk. When the ribs are closer to the loading direction, the stiffness of the rib cage and the deformation of the ribs increases
Massaq, Abdellah. "Caractérisation mécanique d'un matériau composite en tissu de verre et matrice polyamide 6 sous différents types de chargement dynamique." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Massaq.Abdellah.SMZ9919.pdf.
Full textKhoshravan, Azar Ali. "Problèmes de sols saturés sous chargement dynamique : modèle cyclique pour les sols et validation sur des essais en centrifugeuse." Villeneuve d'Ascq, École centrale de Lille, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10167.
Full textMiyaura, Edson Haruo. "Modélisation de fatigue et de mécanique de la rupture d'une structure éolienne soumise au chargement dynamique et aléatoire du vent." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0005/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to demonstrate how to do theoretical analyses of fatigue and fracture mechanics in a structure for horizontal axis wind turbine. The chain of calculations required to reach this objective is particularly long for two reasons : firstly, the wind speed varies randomly with time , secondly, the vibration amplitude of the mast is amplified due to its natural frequencies of vibration. A whole chapter is dedicated to modeling the wind speed in space and time. The same chapter shows how to synthesize a random signal by employing a power spectral density function (PSD). The axial force of the rotor is the most important loading on a structure for horizontal axis wind turbine. This force has a non linear relation with the wind speed. This implies the need to determine the PSD of the axial force from its signal, by employing a spectral estimation method. The Thomson Multitaper method revealed to be the most satisfactory for this application. The PSD of displacement of the mast is determined by associating the receptance of the structural system and the PSD of the force representing all loadings. Finally, a signal of stress can be synthesized from its PSD. The fatigue cycle counting method known as rainflow is discussed and employed. The fact that the signal of stress has a variable amplitude implies the need of a more sophisticated method to simulate a crack propagation. The method chosen in this thesis is called strip-yield
Georges, David. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la réponse mécanique de la glace polycristalline sous chargement de traction dynamique : Influence de la porosité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI080.
Full textHailstone impacts are a serious threat for the aeronautic field and can cause significant damages to a structure. Developing an accurate modelling of the mechanical response of ice when subjected to an impact is required to design robust structures protecting against ice impacts. Nevertheless, most of the constitutive models describing the behavior of ice under impact loadings are based on elasto-viscoplastic approaches with a scope limited to specific impact conditions. These models usually underestimate the role played by the ice dynamic tensile behavior, while the fragmentation properties of brittle-like materials have been shown to be strongly strain-rate and microstructure dependent. Moreover, the microstructure effect is systematically neglected in these models. These approximations are mostly due to a lack of knowledge about the parameters controlling the fragmentation mechanisms induced in ice. In a hailstone, the presence of pores in the microstructure is one of the most critical defect succeptible to initiate the fragmentation. Thus, this study aims to investigate the link between the ice porosity, induce damage mecanisms and the ice mechanical response to dynamic tensile loadings.To do so, highly instrumented spalling tests were conducted on isotropic polycrystalline ice samples with different levels of porosity. The spalling tests allowed to provide the first robust and reproducible set of data for the dynamic tensile strength of ice. Tensile strength and crack density are shown to increase with strain-rate unlike the results observed in the literature for quasi-static loadings. A tensile strength decreases with increasing porosity is also observed. We assumed that the critical stress level needed to trigger a crack from a porosity is a function of the porosity size in order to take into account this porosity effect.In parallel with the experimental tests, the Denoual-Forquin-Hild anisotropic damage model was used to predict the dynamic tensile behavior of ice. The density of critical defects (an input parameter) is determined from two different approaches. In the first one, the distribution of critical defects is considered to be a power law of the applied tensile stress, by applying the so-called Weibull model on bending test results. The second approach is based on extracting from micro-computed X-rays analysis the true porosity size distributions of ice samples. The theory of the linear elastic fracture mechanics is used as a failure criterion to convert the porosity size into a critical stress of activation. The solutions of both approaches are detailed and compared with the experimental results. Numerical simulations of spalling tests are also conducted using the Denoual-Forquin-Hild model. We observe a more precise prediction on a larger strain-rate interval when the critical defect density considered is based on the true pore size distribution extracted from tomography rather than the statistical distribution provided by the Weibull model. The results of the numerical simulations are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations, thus corroborating the main effect of the pore populations on the fragmentation initiation in porous ice. These results highlight the need to consider both the ice microstructure (and especially the porosity) and its dynamic tensile behavior as essential factors to model the behavior of hailstones and properly predict their damage effect on structures upon impact
Kammarti, Ryan. "APPROCHES EVOLUTIONNISTES POUR LA RESOLUTION DU 1-PDPTW STATIQUE ET DYNAMIQUE." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143782.
Full textGunasilan, Manar. "Crack arrest capability of aluminium alloys under dynamic loading." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0027/document.
Full textAeronautical structures may be submitted to severe loading such as collisions, bird strike, etc. Under dynamic loading, involving quasi adiabatic conditions, the material may dissipate energy within zones of localised deformation wich may lead to the premature failure of the structure. The PhD work aims at defining an experimental methodology devoted to study the conditions of fracture of aeronautical, high strength materials intervening after dynamic damage. Tasks include notably: * definition of dynamic shear tests * microstructural observation of the material before and after loading * numerical simulation * Development of fracture criterion
Payeur, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation du comportement d'un remblai en sol renforcé sous chargement ferroviaire de type TGV." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1104/document.
Full textThis study focuses on the numerical modeling of the Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls behavior under High Speed Train (HST) loading. First, the state of the art in reinforced earth as well as in railway dynamics modeling is analyzed. Then we present results coming from the testing of a one-scale reinforced embankment submitted to harmonic loading. They indicate that tensile forces in reinforcements, stresses and displacements depend on loading frequency which is related to train speed. One proposes a 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) in order to numerically reproduce this experimentation. The numerical results fit reasonably well with the experimental ones, highlighting the great importance of the choice of the constitutive law for the soil, reinforcement and facing. The same model is used to locally investigate the soil/reinforcement interface behaviour during a harmonic loading in steady-state. The confining pressure presents significant variations along the reinforcement strip during the dynamic loading while tensile forces are less affected by the load. Nevertheless, the global interface stability remains acceptable compared to a static load. A second numerical model is proposed, which represents a bigger embankment. The multiphase model is used to represent the reinforced soil and moving coordinates are used to take into account the moving train. Theoretical developments of this model and its implementation into CESAR-LCPC FEM code are detailed. The results indicate that the train speed does not play a big role in the overall response of the structure, in the case of a stiff reinforcement comparable to the experimental one. If the embankment is weaker, the HST speed may be close to shear waves speed within the soil, which has significant consequences into the structure, particularly on the stability of the soil/reinforcement interface. Globally the experimental results and those coming from both numerical models present the same trends: the dynamic effect coming from the train passing leads to the in-crease of displacements and confining pressure close to the highest strips, while tensile forces are less affected by the load. This leads us to the conclusion that the train speed does not have a significant effect on the stability of MSE walls, at least for embankments having similar parameters than the experimental one. However these results strongly depend on the embankment geometry, the way to model the train and the parameters and constitutive laws chosen for the soil, the soil/reinforcement interface and the facing
Lopez-Caballero, Fernando. "Influence du comportement non linéaire du sol sur les mouvements sismiques induits dans des géo-structures." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0926.
Full textKrumenacker, Laurent. "Contribution à la prévision de l'érosion de cavitation à partir de simulations numériques : proposition d'un modèle à deux échelles pour l'estimation du chargement imposé en paroi par le fluide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI006/document.
Full textDuring the life's cycle of a hydraulic installation, the occurrence of cavitation can cause significant damages on the material's surface. The quantification of the cavitation intensity in different geometry can be useful to get better designs for new installations, but also to improve the operating and to optimize maintenance of existing equipments. The development of universal laws of similarity from experiments is difficult due to the large number of parameters governing cavitating flows. With the increase of computational performance, numerical simulations offer the opportunity to study this phenomenon in various geometries. The main difficulty of this approach is the scale's difference existing between the numerical simulations U-RANS used to calculate the cavitating flow and mechanisms of bubble's collapse held responsible for damages on the solid. The proposed method in this thesis is based on a textbf{post-treatment} of the textbf{U-RANS} simulations to characterize a distribution of bubbles and to simulate their behavior at lower spatial and temporal scales. Our first objective is to make explicit a system of equations corresponding to phenomena occurring locally in the two-phase flow. This work leads to the development of mixture variables taking into account the presence of non-condensable gases in the fluid. Assumptions are taken to make the system, after using the Reynolds averaging procedure, equivalent to those, using a homogeneous approach, implemented in the unsteady cavitating flows solvers previously developed in the laboratory. The characterization of bubbles made by this post-treatment takes into account both the surface tension and the presence of non-condensable gases. The development of a solver for the simulation of the dynamic of a bubble cloud is started. It aims to take into account both the interactions between bubbles and non-spherical deformations with a potential method. First results of these simulations are presented and small non-spherical deformations occurring during the collapse can be observed. Finally, we propose a chained method between these two systems initializing the bubble dynamic solver with results of U-RANS simulations. The energy emitted during the implosion of bubbles impacting the solid surface is calculated. So the aggressiveness of the flow on the material can be characterized. We apply this method on different flows to compare numerical and experimental results
Caraman, Nicolas. "Expérimentation modèle en écoulement gaz-solide co-courant confiné : application de la modélisation eulérienne à l'analyse de l'influence du chargement en situation monodispersée ou polydispersée." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT006H.
Full textBui, Tan Trung. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement des voiles en maçonnerie soumis à un chargement hors plan." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00963611.
Full textLion, Nicolas. "Caractérisation mécanique de la glace aéronautique sous chargement rapide et développement d'une loi de comportement pour simuler des impacts de glace." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI028.
Full textIn order to guarantee the safety of passengers and aircrafts, numerous studies have been financed in recent years by the aerospace and aeronautics industry in order to characterize experimentally and then numerically simulate the ingestion by the aircraft engines of projectiles. Ice is an example of projectile that can impact aircraft engines during the fly. In this research framework, our work objectives are the high-speed experimental characterization of aeronautical ice and the developpement of a model that will simulate ice impacts on a structure. A synthesis of the various existing research and work on ice makes possible to take stock of the current knowledge of the ice material and to point out its weaknesses, in particular the lack of experimental data on aeronautical ice. Production protocols for different types of ice, sample processing protocol, transport method, electromechanical press test bench and split Hopkinson bars were developed. They make it possible to better understand the behavior of ice at high deformation velocities (influence of microstructure, influence of temperature and influence of deformation velocity). The last part details a model of behavior and general rupture applicable to fragile materials and more particularly to the ice under impact. It is a law of behavior elasto-damagebale with Mazars damage type, associated with modifications of Chuzel for its use in fast dynamics. The method of identifying the parameters of the law from the tests is also presented. The implementation of the law in the commercial code LS-Dyna is validated on simple cases before the numerical results are compared to the experimental results. This comparison has highlighted a defect inherent in the Mazars model of damage. A correction of the model is therefore proposed
Khalil, Louay. "Influence de l’interaction sol-structure sur le comportement sismique des bâtiments : analyse dans les domaines linéaire et non linéaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10078/document.
Full textThe thesis concerns analysis of the influence of the soil-foundation-structure interaction on the seismic on the seismic response of buildings. The study is carried out using the finite differences method of the system soil, foundation and structure.The thesis is composed of three parts.The first one concerns analysis of the influence of the soil-foundation-structure interaction on the fundamental frequency of building. The soil-foundation system is modeled using translational and rotational discrete springs. Analyses conducted for various soil and structure conditions showed that the building fundamental frequency depends on the soil-structure relative rigidity (Kss). A chart is proposed for an ease consideration of the influence of the SSI in the determination of the fundamental frequency of buildings.The second part deals with the analysis of the soil-foundation-structure interaction in the elastic domain. It shows that the response of the structure depends on the complex interaction between the soil and the structure. It also shows that the elastic nonlinear behavior of soil makes induces additional difficulties because of the apparition of multiple frequencies in the soil. The third chapter analyses the influence of the soil and structure nonlinearities on the seismic response of the system soil-foundation-structure. This study shows the plasticity of the soil and structural elements have a significant influence on the seismic response of the structure
Malfait, Benjamin. "Confinement de matériaux thérapeutiques à l'échelle nanométrique : apport du chargement à l'état solide à la compréhension des mécanismes de stabilisation des états physiques confinés et aux applications pharmaceutiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R051.
Full textDuring the drug development process, scientists focus on the optimization of bioavailability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), its physical stability and release profile. Mesoporous silica-based matrices (MPSs) are recognized as promising drug delivery systems (DDSs), since APIs can be placed in long-term stable amorphous state by nano confinement. Additionally, modifying the chemical surface of pores directly impact the release profile of APIs. However, the existing loading methods are an important technological obstacle for applications in the pharmaceutical field not compatible with the use of toxic solvents (impregnation loading) or with heat treatments which can degrade certain chemical bonds (melting loading). A new method for loading APIs into MPSs by co-milling was successfully developed in the thesis. The loading conditions (milling time, loading degree) were optimized from analyzes of several organic molecules. Using this loading method made possible to explore new confined physical states (nano-micro crystalline, amorphous), inaccessible by other loading methods, as well as their transformation, using innovative spectroscopic methods. The influence of various parameters (pore size, loading degree) on the confined physical state and its stability was carefully analyzed. By combining various types of investigations performed on several confined APIs, the distribution of the crystallinity degree within pores and the influence of the surface on the molecular organization were described. The controlled loading degree revealed a close relationship between surface and finite size effects on the molecular dynamics probed by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. First release experiments showed the contribution of the loading method by selecting the nature of the confined physical state to control the release profile. These analyses have confirmed the models describing the distribution of more or less organized matter within the pores. This work is an important first step in the development of intelligent DDSs
Girault, Gregory. "Réponse d'une plaque couplée à un liquide et soumise à une pression mobile. Aspects théoriques et expérimentaux en détonique." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00091961.
Full textBonnet, Felix. "Déstabilisation gravitaire d'un matériau granulaire immergé." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767804.
Full textRapti, Ioanna. "Numerical modeling of liquefaction-induced failure of geostructures subjected to earthquakes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC025.
Full textThe increasing importance of performance-based earthquake engineering analysis points out the necessity to assess quantitatively the risk of liquefaction. In this extreme scenario of soil liquefaction, devastating consequences are observed, e.g. excessive settlements, lateral spreading and slope instability. The present PhD thesis discusses the global dynamic response and interaction of an earth structure-foundation system, so as to determine quantitatively the collapse mechanism due to foundation’s soil liquefaction. As shear band generation is a potential earthquake-induced failure mode in such structures, the FE mesh dependency of results of dynamic analyses is thoroughly investigated and an existing regularization method is evaluated. The open-source FE software developed by EDF R&D, called Code_Aster is used for the numerical simulations, while soil behavior is represented by the ECP constitutive model, developed at CentraleSupélec. Starting from a simplified model of 1D SH wave propagation in a soil column with coupled hydromechanical nonlinear behavior, the effect of seismic hazard and soil’s permeability on liquefaction is assessed. Input ground motion is a key component for soil liquefaction apparition, as long duration of mainshock can lead to important nonlinearity and extended soil liquefaction. Moreover, when a variation of permeability as function of liquefaction state is considered, changes in the dissipation phase of excess pore water pressure and material behavior are observed, which do not follow a single trend. The effect of a regularization method with enhanced kinematics approach, called first gradient of dilation model, on 1D SH wave propagation is studied through an analytical solution. Deficiencies of the use of this regularization method are observed and discussed, e.g. spurious waves apparition in the soil’s seismic response. Next, a 2D embankment-type model is simulated and its dynamic response is evaluated in dry, fully drained and coupled hydromechanical conditions. Two criteria are used to define the onset of the structure’s collapse. The second order work is used to describe the local instability at specific instants of the ground motion, while the estimation of a local safety factor is proposed by calculating soil’s residual strength. Concerning the failure mode, the effect of excess pore water pressure is of great importance, as an otherwise stable structure-foundation system in dry and fully drained conditions becomes unstable during coupled analysis. Finally, a levee- foundation system is simulated and the influence of soil’s permeability, depth of the liquefiable layer, as well as, characteristics of input ground motion on the liquefaction-induced failure is evaluated. For the current levee model, its induced damage level (i.e. settlements and deformations) is strongly related to both liquefaction apparition and dissipation of excess pore water pressure on the foundation. A circular collapse surface is generated inside the liquefied region and extends towards the crest in both sides of the levee. Even so, when the liquefied layer is situated in depth, no effect on the levee response is found. This research work can be considered as a reference case study for seismic assessment of embankment-type structures subjected to earthquake and provides a high-performance computational framework accessible to engineers
Wang, Meng. "Dynamic fracture of solar grade single crystalline silicon wafers." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI081.
Full textCrystalline silicon has attracted substantial attention for decades because of its large applications in solar cells and microelectromechanical systems. The high brittleness of silicon raises wide concerns since the failure of this semiconductor material increases the manufacturing cost and decreases the efficiency of the utilization of Si-based devices. Crack propagation of crystalline silicon is the main cause of catastrophic failure of silicon components. It has been intensively studied but is not fully understood yet due to intricate dynamic fracture behavior linked to small-scale phenomena. Therefore, the development of feasible methods to study the dynamic fracture, as well as the deeper understanding of fracture mechanism of crystalline silicon, are of paramount importance to improve the reliability and durability of Si-based systems for both industrial and scientific practitioners. In this work, dynamic fracture behavior of solar-grade single crystalline silicon wafers under mechanical loads was studied. We carried out fracture experiments on (001) silicon wafers using three-line or four-line bending apparatus under quasi-static loading. The entire fracture process was captured using a high-speed camera and was analyzed by the high-speed imaging technique. We studied the post-mortem fracture surface using a digital microscope, a laser scanning profilometer, as well as an atomic force microscope. The failure source of the silicon wafer was identified using fractographic analysis. Coupling the crack velocity measurement and fractographic analysis, we determined the crack front during dynamic crack propagation, which exhibits a velocity-dependent shape. We revealed the source of (110)-(111) cleavage plane deflection phenomena during high-speeding crack propagation under line-contact effects. Besides, jointly with the finite element simulations, we demonstrated how dynamics of the crack front is governed by the crystallographic direction-dependent dynamic fracture toughness. Finally, in comparison with the Wallner lines on the fracture surface, generated by linear perturbations of elastic waves on the crack front, we highlight the nucleation and strong nonlinear characteristics of out-of-plane corrugation waves, leaving specific markings that alter the surface roughness of asperity-free material