Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamique de polymère'
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Masnada, Elian. "Mélange de polymère ou polymère-solvant : thermodynamique et dynamique à l’approche de la transition vitreuse." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10263.
Full textThe aim of this work is to describe the diffusion dynamics in polymers close to the glass transition (relaxation processes at non equilibrium states). A thermodynamic model for polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent blends is developed. It is able to compute the thermodynamic forces existing at non equilibrium for the mentioned blends (Onsagers formalism). The correspondent dynamic are based upon the existence of thermodynamic heterogeneities close to Tg due to concentration's fluctuations (Long-Lequeux model). Two methods were developed. The first is based on a Fokker-Planck equation which describes, at the heterogeneity scale (i.e. nanometric scale), the distribution of fluctuations of polymer and solvent. Following the study on the relaxation mechanism in the nanometric scale, a microscopic scale was then considered, in order to take in account either the solvent penetration within a glassy material or the drying of a polymer-solvent blend close to Tg. The second method consists in the simulation of the mentionned relaxation mechanisms using a spatial approach. This approach is based on a special discretization, each site being able to exchange solvent molecules or monomers according to the dynamics described by coupled non-linear Langevin equations. This second method is a more general approach. However the calculations related to it are more time-consuming. The results obtained by both methods are in good agreement. This is the very first method able to describe microscopically and quantitatively the solvents diffusion close to or below Tg
Conrad, Guillaume. "Friction statique et dynamique sous cisaillement oscillatoire ultrasonore." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1069/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to bring new insights to the understanding of the interaction between high frequency tangential vibrations and the macroscopic triggering of sliding, as well as the subsequent frictional dynamics. This experimental work is based on a method that allows studying, at ultrasonic frequencies, the elastic and dissipative characteristics of sphere-plane contacts, in linear and non-linear regimes. The method relies on the measurement of the resonance frequency and the quality factor of a quartz, which are modified by the mechanical contact with a probe. The sliding threshold is adjusted by the control of the molecular nature of the frictional interface, which can be either grafted or spin-coated onto the quartz. We first characterize the physical and mechanical properties of the various interfaces in the linear regime. Then, we study the effects of the oscillation amplitude on the angle of repose of the probe in contact with the quartz which is grafted with monolayers of high and low adhesion energy. When the oscillation amplitude increases, the angle of repose decreases whatever the polarisation of the vibrations. The vibrations shall decrease the effective surface area on which the static stress applies, which decreases the static force at the threshold. We discuss the results within the framework of the Mindlin model, which suggests that the oscillatory energy could play the role of an effective temperature in a jamming diagram. In the last part of the work, we study the response of the mechanical contact at very high amplitudes. We observe a micro-slip regime beyond the Mindlin limit, where the behaviour of the contact oscillates between partial and full microslip, leading eventually to interfacial fracture. When the probe is sliding on the incline at constant velocity, the high frequency vibrations increase the sliding velocity. In the case of a macromolecular interfacial film, we propose a possible explanation for this effect, based on a mechanism at the local scale
Chennevière, Alexis. "Dynamique de chaînes de polymère greffés et glissement aux interfaces." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112404/document.
Full textIn many cases, the development of surfaces with specific adhesive properties involves the use of "decorated interfaces." These interfaces consist of a solid substrate on which polymer chains are more or less well anchored. These chains are mechanically coupled to the surrounding material and control the transmission of friction and adhesion stresses at the interfaces. This coupling depends particularly on the penetration of the surface chains within the matrix and on their own dynamics. In this thesis, the systems we investigated are composed of a layer of polymer chains whose end is covalently linked to a solid substrate. These, so called, polymer brushes, provide a model system for decorated interfaces. Our objective was to study the conformation and dynamics of these grafted chains when they are subjected to different types of stress in order to understand the molecular mechanisms governing the adhesion and friction properties of this type of interface.In the first part, we investigated the healing kinetics of an interface composed initially of grafted chains collapsed on a substrate and in contact with a molten by using neutron reflectivity. When the system is brought above the glass transition temperature, the polymer chains mobility is high enough to allow the penetration of the grafted chains within the polymer melt. Neutrons reflectivity allowed us to probe at the molecular scale and to quantify the healing kinetics of this type of interface. The influence of molecular parameters on this healing kinetics was observed, which allowed us to propose a scaling law model to give a physical interpretation to the phenomenon studied.The second part of this thesis consisted in the development of an experimental setup which is able to shear a brush / melt interface above the glass transition temperature and to freeze the conformation of chains grafted in their sheared conformation. The inversion of the associated neutron reflectivity spectra made it possible to demonstrate the influence of shear on the degree of interpenetration between the brush and the melt which governs the transmission of stresses. In addition, we measured the kinetics of relaxation of grafted chains previously sheared and we compared it to the interdigitation experiments. This comparison highlighted the influence of the kind of solicitation on the relaxation kinetics of a brush/melt interface.We also observed that the relaxation kinetics and the conformation of the grafted chains may be altered when they are confined in a film which thickness is comparable to the radius of gyration of the chains. A systematic study using neutron reflectivity was conducted and highlighted an acceleration of the relaxation kinetics of the system below a critical thickness which could be interpreted in terms of a shift in the glass transition temperature.Secondly, we studied the slip of polymer solutions onto a grafted surface. The volume fraction of free chains in solution is an additional parameter which controls the degree of interpenetration between free chains and grafted chains. A first theoretical approach showed that different slip regimes can occur as a function of volume fraction. We have undertaken a first series of experiments using laser velocimetry after photobleaching to measure the surface velocity of flowing polymer solutions and to compare the experimental results to our theoretical approach
Sorichetti, Valerio. "Nanoparticle dynamics in polymer solutions and gels : a simulation approach." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS113.
Full textPolymer nanocomposites, systems of polymers containing nanoparticles (NPs), are fascinating systems that have many applications in material science, biology and medicine, but also pose challenges to theoretical physics. One of the fundamental problems in the physics of nanocomposites is to understand how the structure and dynamics of the system depends on key parameters, such as NP size and volume fraction and the typical size of the polymeric mesh. In this thesis we use molecular dynamics simulations to study the structural and dynamic properties of NPs embedded in liquid and solid polymer-nanocomposites. We observe that when weakly attractive, well dispersed NPs are added to a dense polymer solution, both the polymers and the NPs experience a dynamical slowing down. We find that, in qualitative agreement with experiments, this dynamical slowing down is captured by a confinement parameter in the form h/λ, where h is the average distance between the surfaces of neighboring NPs (interparticle distance). We are able to show that for the NPs, λ can be interpreted as the hydrodynamic radius of the NP, whereas for the polymers it behaves as a cooperativity length scale. Simulating disordered, polydisperse polymer networks containing purely repulsive NPs, we find that small NPs can freely diffuse through the entanglement mesh, while large NPs are transiently trapped and can only move through a sequence of ``jumps'' (hopping motion). We find that the parameter controlling NP localization is the ratio between the NP diameter and the localization length of the crosslinks. Finally, we propose a new method to characterize the geometrical mesh size in polymer liquids, a quantity that is important to describe the diffusion of NP in a disordered medium
Lagrene, Karine. "ÉTUDE DYNAMIQUE DE POLYMÈRES SOUS CONFINEMENT QUASI-UNIAXIAL." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00622540.
Full textLewandowski, Fan Yan. "Etude de solutions de polymère de masse élevée : rhéologie et dynamique de mouillage." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0321.
Full textBertsch, Arnaud. "Microstéréophotolithographie par masquage dynamique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_BERTSCH_A.pdf.
Full textShahsavari, Bedoustani Ashkan. "Dynamique des polymères à grande densité d'interactions fortes." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1133/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the dynamic properties of polymers with high densities of strong intermolecular interactions, depending on the energy and the density of these interactions. This study is carried out by the molecular dynamics method
Meziane, Rachid. "Structure, dynamique et transition de phases d'un cristal liquide smectique en milieu polymère." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10141/document.
Full textThe understanding of the behavior of a low molecular weight liquid crystal within a rigid matrix is of great importance in order to make powerful composite materials of this type which can be interesting for many applications in particular in the display devices. The understanding of their response to an electric signal or a heating effect is of primary importance. The volume, in which the liquid crystal is located, strongly contributes to these effects. This work is a study relating to the structural evolution of the 4-cyano-4'-n-octyl-biphenyl (8CB)/polystyrene system from the homogeneous phase to the crystal line phase of the 8CB. The morphological analysis reveals that a formation of the objects according to the model of Ostwald-Ripening is at the origin of morphology, one also notes a strong dependence of the mesogene concentration on the segregated size domains. Thus, the study undertaken by calorimetry indicates that the smallest domains observed have a sufficient size to generate metastable phases of the 8CB. One shows by infra-red spectroscopy that the molecules of mesogene do not form aromatic p connections with the phenyl group of polystyrene, however various chemical groups of the two components are in interaction. The smectic order of the liquid crystal is studied by small angle neutron scattering. The smectic structure undergoes many perturbations according to the confinement.he influence of the liquid crystal in a radical polymerization process will be discussed as weIl. The kinetics of polymerization is strongly disturbed by the presence of mesogen underlining the significant character of the behavior of the growing radicals on the final polydispersity of polymer
Yonger, Marc. "Dynamique du mouillage pseudo-partiel de la silice par des fondus de polymère." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066274/document.
Full textPrecipitated silica, which is porous at the 10 nm scale, has various industrial uses where it is mixed with polymer melts, with characteristic molecular sizes in the nanometer range. Having a high surface energy, silica tends to be covered by most liquids. As a consequence, when a liquid droplet is deposited on silica surfaces, a thin “precursor” film spreads in front of the droplet, with a thickness of a few nanometers. By combining macroscopic observations and ellipsometry imaging, we found that polybutadiene and polystyrene melts on silica are in pseudo-partial wetting conditions, for which a droplet coexists with a precursor film at equilibrium, due to attractive long range forces at the film length scale. The precursor film is composed of quasi-isolated molecules diffusing in two dimensions with a diffusion coefficient equal to the bulk self-diffusion coefficient. This provides valuable information on the polymer/silica interactions. Furthermore, we occasionally observe the growth of an instability, as a “secondary” film which is thicker than the precursor film. In contrast, polydimethylsiloxane melts are in total wetting conditions on silica: at equilibrium, a polymer film covers the silica surface and no droplets coexist with the film, due to repulsive long range forces. Our observations of the imbibition of porous silica by polymer melts were related to these results. Eventually, for low molar mass polymers, we find that the precursor film has no significant impacts on porous silica pellets imbibition
Lopez-Esparza, Ricardo. "Interaction polymère - membranes de tensioactifs." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066060.
Full textGirard, Séverine. "Simulations moléculaires dynamiques de surfaces de polymère amorphe : cas de la cellulose." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS003.
Full textSurface properties of polymeric materials have many industrial applications, such as in the field of adhesives and composites. A better understanding of the chain conformations at interfaces could lead to improved properties. However, it is still difficult to characterise polymer surfaces at the molecular level. Numerical simulations are, therfore, a useful complement to experiments as they allow a detailed examination of polymer structure at the atomistic scale. Nevertheless, such simulations remain for the moment computationally very demanding and the time and length scales associated with the relaxation of polymers are difficult to access. We propose here, thus, a dual-scale approach. A treatmant at the mesocopic level, where the elementary particle corresponds to an entire repeat unit, is necessary in order to relax the chains. Then, back-mappingallows for a finer analysis of the chain structure. This dual-scale method was tested for amorphous cellulose on periodic systmes and films of up to 300 Å width. At the mesoscopic level, the surface tension and the pesistence length calculated for amorphous cellulose are in agreement with the available experimental data. After back-mapping the atomistic model predicts a subtle change in the hydrogen bonding pattern near the surface
Dantras, Eric. "Analyse de la mobilité moléculaire dans les dendrimères phosphorés par les spectroscopies diélectriques dynamique et thermostimulée." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30100.
Full textFlorès, Fabrice. "Etude de l'électrification d'un polymère en écoulement : application au procédé d'extrusion." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3026.
Full textExtrusion is the most used process in the plastic industry. However, processability is limited by occurrence of flow defects. Another limitation arises from the generation of electrical charges trapped within the extrudate. These charges could induce a premature ageing of the material or electrical discharges. This work is focused on the extrusion process and its two limitations: extrusion defects and electrical charging. To modelise polymer flow electrification, we use the double layer theory: the electrification arises from the formation of an electrical double layer that is then convected by the flow. In this classical model, two main components are used for the calculation of the generated electric charge: the ionic charge density and the fluid velocity profiles in the pipe. We first show that the usual approximations used in the resolution of the charge transport equations are not valid in the polymer case due to their intrinsic electrical properties. For the fluid velocity profile, we demonstrate the importance of taking into account the non Newtonian behaviour of the polymer flow and the introduction of a slip boundary condition at the die wall. This new approach allows us to calculate the slip velocity at the wall thanks to electrical measurements. The crucial effect of slip boundary conditions on the extrusion defects was putted in evidence. We conclude about the importance of the slip velocity to understand defect mechanisms. This work proposes a simple new way to measure slip velocities of polymer melt at the die wall
Julien, Grégoire. "Dynamics in polymer blends and polymer-solvent blends close to the glass transition." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10187/document.
Full textIn this work, we propose a model for describing the dynamics in polymer blends or polymer-solvent blends close to and below Tg. The model is solved on a 2D lattice corresponding to spatial scales from 10 nm up to a few micrometers and incorporate the heterogeneous nature of the dynamics at the scale of a dynamic heterogeneity (3-5 nm). In case of polymer blends, we apply this model to study phase separation close to and below Tg upon cooling, and rejuvenation in miscible range upon heating. In the course of phase separation, we observe slow structures forming in coexistence with faster ones. In the same time, the global dynamics of the system slows down and domains grow like the logarithm of the time. During rejuvenation, we observe that morphologies melt much faster the elapsed time required to build them during aging. In the case of polymer-solvent blends, the system is put in contact with a solvent reservoir and is at temperatures far below the pure polymer glass transition. We consider situations where the activity of the solvent reservoir is varied in order to describe either films drying or swelling. Our model allows for explaining case-II diffusion in the context of the plasticisation of a glassy polymer by penetrating solvent during swelling. Regarding the process of film drying, we show that films up to 1 micrometer thick can be completely dried. When drying a thicker film, we show that a glassy crust may appear on the free surface, as shown experimentally
Swaels, Philippe. "Modélisation et simulation dynamique de réacteurs chimiques discontinus : application à la synthèse des polyesters insaturés." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES036.
Full textTay, Astrid. "Dynamique du mouillage et du séchage d'une goutte d'eau sur un film de polymère hydrosoluble." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00575960.
Full textKoenig, Anne. "Etude de la dynamique d'un polymère semiflexible à l'aide de colloïdes magnétiques : exemple de l'ADN." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066176.
Full textJavierre, Isabelle. "Polymère confiné en phases de membranes : influences sur la stabilité, la structure et la dynamique." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10622.
Full textThe addition of a hydrosoluble polymer to the different structures obtained with mixtures of water/surfactant/alcohol/oil alters the thermodynamic stability of microemulsion and lamellar phases. The reverse sponge phase disappears while one can observe the occurrence of a new phase, labelled L₅, at intermediate polymer concentration. In polymer-"doped" solvent lamellar phase, the polymer induces an attractive contribution to the interaction between bilayers while in polymer-"doped" bilayers lamellar phase, the polymer increases the flexibility. The L₅ phase exhibits symmetric sponge properties and furthermore presents very strong symmetry fluctuations. The relaxation of these fluctuations was experimentally evidenced for the first time. This unusual dynamic behaviour was confronted to the one of other sponge phases, in a large range of concentrations
Kempfer, Kévin. "Simulation multi-échelle de l'interaction polymère-charge." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC051.
Full textIn the tire industry, the addition of nanosized silica fillers into rubber is a commonly used process due to the outstanding mechanical properties of the resulting composite material. However, the link between the underlying chemistry and the mechanical behavior of this material remains unsolved. The aim of this thesis is to investigate this system using molecular simulation. In order to cover wide length and time scales, inherent to this type of material, we took the route of applying a multiscale simulation strategy. Starting from coarse-grained reference trajectories obtained from higher resolution molecular dynamics trajectories, we build realistic coarse-grained dissipative dynamics models by using the bayesian optimization method. Our models quantitatively predict the characteristic behavior of entangled polymer chains. This multiscale approach, extended to the polymer-silica interaction, allows us to successfully model the thermodynamic, the structural, and the dynamic properties of a system made up of one silica nanoparticle, grafted or not, dispersed in an amorphous polymer matrix. This work opens the way towards the quantitative prediction of the viscoelastic properties of reinforced rubbers on time scales up to the microsecond. These time scales, inaccessible by mean of an atomistic description, are now reachable thanks to our coarse potentials
Franceschini, Alexandre. "Elaboration de nanocomposites ciment-polymère, basés sur des interactions covalentes entre des polymères greffés silanes et les hydrates C-S-H." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066045.
Full textChassaigne, Adrien. "Contribution à la conception des assemblages mécaniques utilisant des matériaux fortement dissipatifs." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC020.
Full textDynamics of complex structures with dissipative materials is an high stake for mechanical design and optimization. Polymeric materials are commonly used in this way. These materials are effective in various industry, but mastering their use comes up against technological limitations. One of these limitation is the characterization of mechanical properties as a function of frequency and this thesis deals with it. Two contributions are provided in this experimental research work. The first one concerns the time–temperature superposition principle. This principle makes it possible to extend the mechanical properties measured over a restricted frequency range from data obtained at different temperatures. This widespread method is unfortunately not valid for many polymeric materials. It is the reason why innovative structural adhesives are studied in order to characterize the limits of the principle of time-temperature equivalence. The approach is carried out using data from a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) conducted on a commercial test bench. The second contribution are part of the first one and represents the main objective of this thesis. An innovative DMA bench is developed for the characterization of polymers over wide frequency ranges without requirements of the principle of time-temperature equivalence. The bench performances are precisely assessed through a characterization campaign conducted on polymer adhesives
Dupres, Stéphane. "Dynamique, déformations locales et irréversibilités dans des élastomères renforcés par du noir de carbone." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112276.
Full textReinforced elastomers are nanocomposite materials made of an elastomer matrix filled with nanometric inorganic particles or aggregates. Great interest is focussed at the moment on their remarkable mechanical properties, on both the industrial and fundamental sides: reinforcement, non-linear behaviour, irreversibility, outstanding resistance to tear and abrasion. Filled rubbers of practical interest are most often reinforced with carbon black aggregates, which exhibit fractal structures with various morphologies. We shall present some experimental results which give some insight into the microscopic processes which are responsible for the mechanical behaviour of these systems. By correlating deuterium NMR and stress measurements at large draw ratio, we show that the elastic energy stored in the system at the scale of polymer chains depends essentially on the carbon black morphology. Plasticity is an important aspect of the behaviour of reinforced elastomers. This is a challenge in industrial applications as well. It may be related to two phenomena that can lead to microscopic irreversibility : the presence of a rigid polymer layer in the vicinity of filler particles, and/or non-affine deformation of the network of solid particles/aggregates, at a scale that remains to be defined. SAXS allowed us to prove the existence of non affine deformations at the scale of the CB aggregates under large draw ratios
Schune, Claire. "Fondus de polymère en mouillage pseudo-partiel sur la silice : morphologie, structure et dynamique des films précurseurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS017.
Full textOxidized silicon wafers are high energy surfaces : most liquids spontaneously spread on the entire surface. When a dropletis deposited, a nanometric film called a precursor film first spreads ahead of the droplet. The liquids that we considerin this study are polymer melts (polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polystyrene) in pseudo-partial wetting condition on these surfaces : a sessile droplet coexists with a film. By taking advantage of ellipsometric microscopy, we study the morphologyand dynamics of such films, and quantitatively probe the interactions at stake between the polymer segments and thesurface. Two different parts can be distinguished in the precursor films : the primary film of subnanometric thickness, and the secondary film, which is dense. In the primary film, polymer chains are in a 2D semi-dilute state : they do not cover theentire substrate and do not interact with each other. From the spatio-temporal thickness profiles, we measure the diffusion coefficient of the chains on the surface. We show that they diffuse with a thermally activated Rouse motion, that can be described by the sole friction of the chains on the surface, with an activation energy that reveals the interactions at stake.We measure that the polymer/surface interactions largely dominate the polymer/polymer interactions. We generalize thismodel for polymers with specific terminal groups, and to the case of chains with monomer conformational mobility that depends on the monomer position along the chain. The secondary film connects the primary film to the droplet, and is comprised of chains in a dense state. At long times, its thickness profile is a step of uniform thickness, which is proportionalto the square root of the chain length. Remarkably, this equilibrium thickness does not depend on the polymer chemistrynor on the surface state – temperature, water adsorbed, oxide layer thickness, etc. The evolution toward this equilibriumstate can be modeled by taking into account both the polymer/surface friction and the polymer/polymer friction. In the literature, only few studies deal with precursor films when the liquid is in pseudo-partial wetting condition. In addition tothe robust measurement of the interactions at stake at the scale of the polymer chains, our work highlights the necessityto re-think the theoretical existing framework for precursor films, and opens many perspectives
Bader, Yves, and Arian Greva. "Analyse dynamique des sangles de ceinture de sécurité." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0425.
Full textVangrevelinghe, Eric. "Etude par modélisation moléculaire d'un polymère à usage thérapeutique : le poly(méthylidène malonate 2.1.2), structure tridimensionnelle, propriétés moléculaires et influence de la solvatation." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2062.
Full textLi, Yidan. "Filtrations statiques et dynamiques de différents systèmes argile, électrolytes, polymère." Orléans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ORLE2014.
Full textSouche, Mireille. "Hétérogénéités de la dynamique dans les mélanges polymère-solvant à l'approche de la transition vitreuse : Diffusion de type II et séchage de films polymère-solvant un modèle à l'échelle mésoscopique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112008.
Full textA model describing the equilibrium and out equilibrium dynamics of a polymer solution near the glass transition is proposed. The equilibrium description relies on the existence of concentration fluctuations, which are assumed to account for the heterogeneity of the dynamics. The fast evolving regions control the evaporation of the solvent, while the slow evolving regions control the contraction of the mixture. Out of equilibrium, the dynamics is described by a system of coupled differential equations: one for the distribution of the polymer concentration and one for the evaporation of the solvent. The drying of a few micrometer thick polymer films, as well as the inverse process, namely the penetration of solvent in a glassy polymer matrix, are then discussed. In the first case, we show that, reducing the solvent activity down to zero, the solvent can be almost completely evaporated from the film in a reasonable experimental time, even at temperatures well below the glass transition temperature. For thicker films, we show the appearance of a glassy layer at the interface. When applied to the inverse process, our model allows for a description of type II diffusion in glassy polymers and gives an interpretation of the phenomenological parameters appearing in the model of Thomas and Windle
Mckie, Simon. "Double-dynamic elastomers : combining dynamic chemistries in a repairable and recyclable material." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF063.
Full textBy the introduction of two distinct dynamic chemical groups into an elastomeric polymer network, a self-healing and soluble material was synthesised and characterised. The polycondensation of a polyamine polybutadiene with a novel dialdehyde-functionalised ureidopyrimidinone, resulted in a strong and stretchable elastic material, composed of imine cross-links as well as ureidopyrimidinone dimers and aggregates. Physical characterisation demonstrated that this double-dynamic material displays rubbery behaviour at ambient temperatures, while at elevated temperatures both supramolecular and reversible covalent chemistries are activated resulting in vitrimeric properties. To more closely investigate the role of both dynamic moieties, the behaviour of materials solely cross-linked by supramolecular interactions were studied. In these materials, rubbery behaviour at service temperatures is again observed, while viscous flow is observed at elevated temperatures. In all cases, the dynamic materials were self-healing on exposure to heat, and soluble by acid-catalysed hydrolysis
Mathlouthi, Chourouk. "Étude des propriétés thermodynamiques et dynamiques des polymères confinés en géométrie nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI035/document.
Full textThe impact of confinement on the physical properties of polymers is an important topic for both fundamental and academic aspects and has gathered an intensive interest within the polymer physics community. In particular the relationship between the glass transition (Tg) and the dynamic of confined polymers has remained the center of a controversial debate over the past two decades. While the glass transition measured by thermal expansion is remarkably decreased in thin films, the alpha dynamic of polymers was found to be invariant, which can be seen as incoherence with the time-temperature superposition. To search the origin of these controversies and answer the questions posed in this debate, we focus the study on the thermal properties of confined polystyrene in the compact structure with a high surface area such as nanoparticles. Even though the particles geometry exhibit several advantages such as higher free surface and mild processing method, only few studies have been carried out on it compared to that on the thin films.The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of Tg and the dynamics of confined polystyrene in particles in the close packed structure, where the spherical particles are separated by voids, and to compare them to their corresponding bulk. We investigate the kinetic of void closure to quantify the α-dynamic of confined polystyrene in particles. We extract information about the heat capacity (Cp) from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. We show that the Cp of confined polystyrene is similar to that of bulk in the glassy regime and deviates from it between Tg -30 ° C and Tg. The magnitude of this deviation increases with increasing the free surface area. This was interpreted by the existence and the propagation of a mobile layer on the free surface or the existence of a zone with higher expansion coefficient. On the other hand, the α-dynamic probed via the void closure in the area where Cp increases was found to exhibit a bulk behavior.A second objective of this thesis is to investigate the physical aging of confined polystyrene in particles in the glassy regime. We quantify the enthalpy recovery during aging of both confined polystyrene and their corresponding bulk at various temperatures and aging times. We show that the physical aging process depends on the processing history of the polymer and is highly affected by the confinement
Saiddine, Mohamed. "Simulation numérique de mouvements moléculaires photo-induits par la photo-isomérisation de molécules chromophores diluées dans un polymère." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555555.
Full textManzanarez, Hervé. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de la dynamique de séparation de phase d’une solution polymère dans le cadre de la formation de membranes poreuses." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT159.
Full textThe thesis aimed at modeling and simulating the phase separation dynamics of a polymeric system (polymer/solvent or polymer/solvent/non-solvent) for better understanding and controlling the formation mechanisms of porous polymeric membranes. The equation of Cahn and Hilliard (1956)[1] was used and coupled to a hydrodynamic model (H model in the classification of Hohenberg et Halperin (1977)[2]) to simulate the phase inversion in closed system.In a first stage, hydrodynamics was not coupled to Cahn-Hilliard equation and the work focused on the mobility term in the Cahn-Hilliard equation and its influence on the phase separation dynamics (pattern evolution, growth law of the characteristic structures). The patterns were analyzed by Fourier transform and an original analysis was also performed using the Minkowski descriptors.In a second part of the thesis, we coupled the Cahn-Hilliard equations with Navier-Stokes equations and the influence of this coupling on the membrane formation dynamics was investigated.Then, in order to simulate the membrane formation in a context closer to reality, transfer phenomena were simulated at the upper interface of the domain to describe solvent evaporation during demixing process.Finally, the simulations were extended to ternary systems (polymer/solvent/non-solvent) systems since most of industrial polymer membranes involve are prepared from ternary system, with NIPS process (Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation) or dry casting process (differential evaporation between solvent and non-solvent)
Lu, Xiaoxin. "Modélisation électro-mécanique multi-échelle des nanocomposites graphène/polymère." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC058/document.
Full textThis work contributes to developing numerical methodologies for predicting the electrical and mechanical properties of graphene/polymer nanocomposites, which can provide a better view for the design of new materials.First, a nonlinear electrical conduction model taking into account the tunneling effect is introduced to determine the effective conductivity of the graphene/polymer nanocomposites through a numerical homogenization procedure. The influences of barrier height and microstructural parameters on the conductivity were demonstrated.Then, to characterize the properties of interphases and interfaces, we employed the Murdoch-Hardy procedure combined with the molecular dynamics method to study the mechanical properties of the graphene/polymer nanocomposites. The stiffness tensor components of the interphase, interface andnbulk polymer region are identified. Based on these fields, a continuous elastic model with imperfect interface has been identified and compared with the results of molecular dynamics simulations.Finally, the atomistic model was used to identify a nonlinear cohesive zone model to simulate the decohesion at the interface of polymer and graphene. A numerical homogenization procedure by finite element method was introduced to estimate the effective mechanical properties in the framework of the finite strains. The proposed mechanical modeling is finally extended to the finite strain problem to predict the evolution of percolation threshold under tension within the proposed electrical model
Gavrielides, Andreas. "Modélisation du poly-époxy DGEBA-EDA et de sa réactivité vis-à-vis du cuivre : approche expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30300/document.
Full textMetallization of polymer surfaces can lead to the substitution of metallic components. Polymers have lower densities and limited chemical reactivity, making them ideal candidates for the space applications. Through experiments and calculations, we studied the fundamental mechanisms of surface metallization of a poly-epoxy polymer (DGEBA/EDA). The objective of our study was to develop a non-empirical model that could take into account the mechanisms governing the nucleation and growth of thin metal films. Our group has a long experience in chemical vapor deposition, CVD, and metallization of polymer composites. But we did not applied CVD at first because of the high temperatures required in the reactor. We alternatively used ultrahigh vacuum evaporation of Cu at ambient temperature. Therefore, we make sure that atoms diffuse in the gas phase without kinetic energy. Adsorption and diffusion processes are thus closer to thermodynamic conditions that prevails in calculations. An experimental protocol was refined in order to create a chemically homogeneous polymer surface with a low roughness (Ra<1nm). The bulk and the surface of the pristine polymer were characterized (i) by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, to determine the polymerization rate (above 90%), (ii) by differential scanning calorimetry in order to obtain the glass transition temperature (Tg) (118.1 °C), (iii) by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to calculate surface roughness (Ra ˜ 1 nm), and (iv) by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to characterize surface chemical bonding. The surface was then metallized. Through AFM, the thickness of the thin film was estimated at 6 nm. We then used XPS to characterize the Cu/Poly-epoxy interfacial bonding. We deduced that Cu adsorbed preferentially on a specific oxygen atom of the polymer. To clearly identify this Cu adsorption site, we further simulated the XPS spectra of our clean or metallized polymer by quantum calculations, using a dimer model (1 molecule of DGEBA connected to 1 molecule of EDA). In the Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) framework, we first simulated the XPS spectra for the pristine surface taking into account initial and final state effects. Thanks to these results, we were able to analyze the experimental spectrum with 8 contributions, leading to much more accurate results than the usual results obtained by the exclusive use of experiments and literature. We then performed classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to move from a dimer model to an amorphous polymer model. We used the general Amber force field (GAFF) and we developed a code to mimic the reticulation of monomers molecules. We started from a stoichiometric mixture of DGEBA and EDA molecules. When equilibration was reached, structural properties at 700K (e.g. distribution of bonds) were extracted from the results of the NPT simulations. From this melt of monomers, the homemade reticulation code identified and connected reactive atoms (at a pre-defined inter-atomic distance < 3Å). After each step of polymerization, the system was equilibrated at 700K (NPT simulations). After multiple reticulation/MD cycles we could achieve a polymerization rate of 93% and the Radial Distribution Function (RDF), the density and the glass transition temperature Tg were calculated. The value of the computed density was 1.115 at 300K and the calculated Tg (115.5 °C) was in good agreement with the experimental Tg of 118.1 °C, validating our numerical approach to develop a model for poly-epoxies
Forey, Natacha. "Mousses renforcées en polymère ou particules : application à la remédiation des sols pollués." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0311.
Full textGiven the possible environmental and health issues occurring when facing a hydrocarbon polluted site, soil remediation is necessary. One of the in-situ technique to remediate a Light Non Aqueous Phase Liquid pollution is the use of foam. Because of its blocking effect, foam is able to create a water blocking barrier, to confine water beneath the floating pollutant. However, the main issue with this technique is the stability of foam facing the oily pollutant. Several options are currently under review to reinforce foam against oil, which includes polymer or particles addition.The present study thus describes the work performed to obtain an oil-resistant foam in porous media, with the use of polymer or solid colloidal particles.In the first part of the study, foamability and stability tests were performed in bulk to select a broad range of products used to formulate such foams. Then, sandpacks experiments were realized in 1D columns in order to optimize the foam injection parameters and finalize the choice of surfactant and additives. Column experiments showed how additives impacted foam strength. Polymer addition led to an increased flow resistance without improving foam strength while particles addition proved to reinforce foam resistance against oil. Those results were then applied to carry out 2D-tank experiments to study foam displacement in a vertical two dimensions’ porous medium. The 2D tank also helped to simulate a foam injection below an oily layer and observe foam behaviour. Finally, the methodology and constrains to take into account to perform a pumping test in a 3D-pilot, were presented in the outlook section
Lecavelier, des Etangs-Levallois Hervé. "Etude par résonance magnétique nucléaire des mouvements ioniques et électroniques dans un polymère conducteur : le polypyrrole." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10125.
Full textPapoular, Robert. "La spectrométrie par échos de spins de neutrons. Application à l'étude de la dynamique des polymères en solution." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112092.
Full textThis work focuses on Neutron Spin Echo (NSE) spectroscopy and, particularly, on the NSE spectrometer MESS, which we have built at the L. L. B. (CEN-Saclay). After analyzing in detail the classical and quantum principles of this type of instrument, and illustrated them with optical analogies, we expound a simple formalism for the interpretation of polarized neutron experiments of the most general type. In a second part, we describe the MESS spectrometer extensively: its characteristics and performances as well as the first physics results obtained with this instrument. In particular, we include two papers showing how the neutron depolarization, spin rotation and echoes can be used to investigate high-Tc superconductors. The last part deals with the dynamics of Polymer-Polymer-Solvent ternary solutions and demonstrates how the Neutron Spin Echo technique becomes a privileged tool for such physico-chemical studies thanks to the joint use of NSE and contrast variation methods, coupled with the adequate ranges of time and scattering vectors accessible. Finally, we describe the specific case of partially deuterated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in semi-dilute solution in Toluene. We have experimentally and separately evidenced the cooperative and interdiffusive diffusion modes predicted by the theory of Akcasu, Benoit, Benmouna et al. These results, obtained at the L. L. B. (CEN-Saclay) are the subjectmatter of the last paper included in this work
Haddad, Azeddine. "Thermodynamique de la relaxation appliquée à la modélisation du comportement des polymères sous chargements complexes : viscoélasticité en régime dynamique fluage thermostimulé/courants thermostimulés et relaxation diélectrique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL125N.
Full textFranco, Alejandro Antonio. "Un modèle physique multiéchelle de la dynamique électrochimique dans une pile à combustible à électrolyte polymère – Une approche Bond Graph dimension infinie." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110968.
Full textLe modèle réalise le couplage d'une description des phénomènes de transport de charges (électronique et protonique) à travers l'épaisseur des électrodes et de la membrane, avec des modèles spatialement distribués de l'interface nanoscopique Nafion®-Pt/C et de la diffusion des réactifs (hydrogène et oxygène) à travers la couche de Nafion® recouvrant les particules de Pt/C. Le modèle interfacial nanoscopique est basé sur une nouvelle description interne de la dynamique de la double couche électrochimique prenant en compte à la fois les phénomènes de transport dans la couche diffuse et les réactions électrochimiques et l'adsorption d'eau dans la couche compacte.
Des nombreux couplages entre domaines de la physique, comme le transport par diffusion-migration et l'électrochimie, sont introduits. L'écriture du Bond Graph dimension infinie de ce modèle nous a permis de déterminer les causalités de ces différents couplages, à l'aide de 20-Sim®, et de le doter d'une structure modulaire et modulable (pour l'incorporation future d'autres phénomènes physico-chimiques, ou sa réutilisation dans d'autres systèmes électrochimiques). Enfin, la résolution numérique a été réalisée sous Matlab/Simulink® couplé à Femlab® (méthode d'éléments finis).
La réponse dynamique d'une cellule de PEFC, dépendante du courant, de la température, des pressions de réactifs et de la composition structurale des électrodes, peut être simulée. Le modèle permet d'évaluer la sensibilité des spectres d'impédance aux conditions de fonctionnement et à la composition des électrodes, ainsi que les contributions des différents phénomènes et couches constitutives.
Nous avons réalisé un protocole expérimental sur une cellule PEFC de petite taille en vue de valider le modèle. Les mesures de spectroscopie d'impédance réalisées sur ce banc ont permis la validation des modèles proposés ainsi que l'estimation partielle de ses paramètres.
Zrida, Montassar. "Simulation du comportement d'un polymère par un modèle d'hyper-visco-hystérésis : application à trois nuances de polypropylène." Lorient, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LORIS148.
Full textThis work is devoted to experimental and numerical study of the mechanical behavior of semi-crystalline polymers materials, in this case polypropylene. These materials are intended for automotive security parts. They have the advantage of being inexp'ènsive and have good resistance to shocks. They also have the advantage of being recyclable. The study focuses on the mechanical behavior in static and rapid dynamic ofthree polypropylene grades, The aim is to identify an original Hyper-Visco-Hysteresis mode!. This model, already used on shape memory alloys, steel and rubber should be suitable for semi-crystalline polymers. It includes the additive stress contributions type hyper-elastic, viscous and hysteretic. Quasi-static tests (simple tensile, relaxation, cyclic, torsion) and rapid dynamic tests (tensile test for high strain rate in order of200s-1) have been made to pro vide anexperimental database. This database allowed us then to identify the parameters of the model behavior, taking into account ail the established loading paths (static or dynamic) in terms ofphysico-chemical properties of the materia!. Once this behavior known, torsion and rapid tensile tests simulations, performed on the finite clement software in large transformations(HEREZH++), have shown the validity of the model behavior
Chabé, Jérémy. "Étude des interactions moléculaires polymère-eau lors de l'hydratation de la membrane Nafion, électrolyte de référence de la pile à combustible." Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10038.
Full textThe Nafion is a polymer. Thanks to its high conductivity (up to ] 0-'< S. Cm-') at high relative humidity (RH), it is a reference electrolyt for a fuel cell. However its conductivity falls during low hydration conditions. To solve this problem, we can add a hygroscopic compound, like ziconium phosphate (ZrP), into the membrane. The conductivity is linked to the structure of the membrane, the proton diffusion mechanisms and the interactions between water molecules and the polymer; we are interested by this last field of research. Infrared spectroscopy are used to establish the hydration mechanisms at a molecular scale for a Nafion and a Nafion-ZrP membrane. This technique can be coupled with a molecular dynamic study, which we have begun for the Nafion. The inftared spectra ofNafion and Nafion-ZrP have been measured on the whole range of RH. We found 5 hydration mechanisms for the Nafion membrane. The ionisation of sulfonic groups S03H is very fast at the beginning ofhydration. Then the protons H+ move away from the sulfonate groups S03- and the net ofhydrogen bonds around these ionic groups changes. For a RH of 40%, bulk water appears inside the membrane. We have thus a "photograph" of the inner membrane at each stage of RH. The adding of an inoganic compound ZrP has no influence on the hydration mechanisms. According to the comparison between our mechanisms and the curve of conductivity, all the sulfonic groups have to be dissociated to reach optimal diffusion ofthe Droton, probablv assured bv the Grotthuss mechanism
Riedel, Clément. "Propriétés diélectrique et mécanique des polymères aux échelles macro et nanoscopiques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582827.
Full textFourton, Paul. "Mécanismes de résistance à l'impact des vitrages feuilletés – effet des interfaces et de la rhéologie du polymère." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET059.
Full textLaminated glass is an industrial product designed for safety applications. A polymer interlayer is inserted between two glass plies to provide impact resistance properties to the glazing. Upon impact, this polymer interlayer debonds and deforms between glass fragments:these two coupled mechanisms provide the impact resistance properties. On the “interface” side, we propose an original method to finely tune the adhesion between glass and interlayer in chapter III. The surfaceof the glass is modified with sol-gel chemistry using two silane species. Despite a non-standard deposition method and coatings thickerthan a perfect molecular layer, we demonstrate that adhesion of the polymer interlayer can be tuned via surface chemistry. On the “polymer” side, we decided to change completely the nature of the interlayer, from a viscoelastic to a plastic material. Withthis plastic interlayer, we have evidenced the necessity to modify the interfaces to retrieve a stable delamination behavior. Moreover,concomitant debonding and stretching of this plastic interlayer dissipates less energy due to the localization of energy dissipation close tothe delamination fronts. Still, when viscoelastic processes are activated at the glass transition, we recover dissipation in the entire volume of the interlayer and high potency for impact applications. Last but not least, to try and make a connection between interfaces, polymer rheology and delamination properties in laminated glass,we present a numerical simulation of the crack propagation problem with a steady-state approach. Since the steady-state crack schemeis not implemented in commercial finite-element codes, we propose a strategy coupling FEA and numerical computing softwares. First results in small strains validate the method, which is expected to be extended to rate-dependent non-linear material behaviors in thefuture
Hayoun, Pascaline. "Partial wetting of thin liquid films in polymer tubes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066202/document.
Full textPolymer tubes, made of PDMS or PVC, are versatile, low cost, hydrophobic materials. They are heavily used in industry for transferring more or less complex fluids such as drinkable water, emulsions (e.g milk), suspensions (e.g coffee), or solution of active molecules (e.g pharmaceutics). Most of these applications involve repeated, intermittent flow of liquids which can lead to unwanted contamination. This study aims at better understanding the mechanisms of contamination for intermittent flow. We experimentally and theoretically investigate the flow regimes of low viscosity liquid slugs flowing down a vertical tube under partial wetting condition. Two processes are in competition: because of the large slug velocity, a liquid film tends to be created at the back of the slug whereas because of the partial wetting condition, the liquid film dewets. We investigate how this competition controls film deposition in hydrophobic tubes. We show that above the threshold velocity for dynamic wetting which is much lower than predicted by Cox-Voinov, a previously unknown regime is found where we observe a velocity dependent thick film well before the classical Landau-Levich-Derjaguin regime
Roland, Jérémy. "Dynamique et mécanique de la fragmentation de filaments d'actine par l'ADF/cofiline : comparaison entre expériences et modèles." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00566088.
Full textKhalil, Khaled. "Rhéologie et mouillage de solutions diluées à concentrées de polyisobutylène de haut poids moléculaire." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR4016.
Full textBortolussi, Vincent. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la conductivité de revêtements composites métal-polymère déposés par projection dynamique par gaz froid sur substrat composite à matrice organique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM075/document.
Full textThe Cold Spray process allows to manufacture metallic coatings onto Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composite (CFRP). This process relies on the spraying of high-velocity powder particles to result in high deformation and build up to form a dense coating. However, forming a coating made of copper particles onto a substrate containing carbon fibers was achieved out only by mixing metallic powder with a polymer powder. Although the polymer allow to build up the coating onto CFRP, it is highly electrically insulating. It would therefore decrease the electrical conductivity of the coating drastically. Investigations were carried out on the influence of the coatings microstructure on electrical conductivity. Various copper powders, with different morphologies, granulometry and oxygen contents were mixed with PEEK powder, i.e. a thermoplastic polymer. Cold spray of these powders leads to homogeneous coatings onto CFRP. The characteristics of these coatings were studied as a function of the influence of powder characteristics and spraying parameters. The deformation of the PEEK was also investigated as it governed the build up of the coating. Mechanical testing of PEEK samples and in-situ spraying measurements were performed to feed impact simulations. Then, simulated and experimental impact morphologies of copper particles onto PEEK were compared. The PEEK behavior under impact also prevented sound contacts between copper particles, which decreased the coatings electrical conductivity significantly. A morphological model of the microstructure of the coating was developed to reproduce microstructures in 3D numerically. It allows to investigate numerically the influence of the copper phase morphology on coating conductivity. This conductivity was measured experimentally for various starting copper powders. A carefully selected blend of copper and PEEK powders and optimized spraying parameters lead to homogeneous coatings onto CFRP with an acceptable electrical conductivity but still below bulk copper conductivity
Dupres, Stephane. "DYNAMIQUE, DÉFORMATIONS LOCALES ET IRRÉVERSIBILITÉS DANS DES ÉLASTOMÈRES RENFORCÉS PAR DU NOIR DE CARBONE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00154875.
Full textAmbari, Abdelhak. "Application des méthodes électrochimiques à l'étude de l'interaction entre l'hydrodynamique et la dynamique des polymères en écoulement élongationnel : interaction entre particules solides en régime de Stokes." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066006.
Full textCousin, Thibault. "Synthesis and molecular modelling of bio-based polyamides." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952848.
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