Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamique des polymères'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Dynamique des polymères.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lagrene, Karine. "ÉTUDE DYNAMIQUE DE POLYMÈRES SOUS CONFINEMENT QUASI-UNIAXIAL." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00622540.
Full textLagrené, Karine. "Étude dynamique de polymères sous confinement quasi-uniaxial." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112363.
Full textThanks to numerous theorical developments, it is now possible to draw a close relationship between polymer rheology in bulk and chain dynamics at the molecular level. Nevertheless, the peculiar proprties of polymers in interfacial situations or deep confinement are not completely understood. It has been recently observed by RMN relaxomery that the confinement of polymer melts in a nanoscopic isotropic porous matrix leads to chain dynamics dramatically different from the bulk behavior : the reptation tube diameter under confinement is one order of magnitude smaller than the bulk one (for PEO : dconf = 0. 6nm<
Shahsavari, Bedoustani Ashkan. "Dynamique des polymères à grande densité d'interactions fortes." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1133/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the dynamic properties of polymers with high densities of strong intermolecular interactions, depending on the energy and the density of these interactions. This study is carried out by the molecular dynamics method
Lidin, Catherine. "Technique de FRAP appliquée à la dynamique des polymères." Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0633.
Full textJafarpour, Moghaddam Golnaz. "Dynamique macromoléculaire dans la paroi végétale et ses polymères pariétaux." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30067.
Full textThe wood has become a popular material for several industries. The wood molecular mobility and the one of three principal constitutive polymers, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were studied. Thermal stability and physical structure of materials were respectively obtained by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). In parallel, macromolecular relaxation dynamics were measured by Dynamic Dielectric Spectroscopy (DDS) and Thermo Stimulated Currents (TSC). The combination of two last methods let us study the localised and delocalised molecular mobility on the extended frequency scale. The influence of the hydrogen bonds and the hydration rate on the molecular mobility was also pointed out. The analysis realised on genetically modified wood brought us the information on the inter chain interactions evolution
Fleury, Alexandre. "Dynamique des états de l’eau au sein de polymères perfluorés." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10385.
Full textLepez, Olivier. "Rhéologie des polymères chargés." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD162.
Full textRoig, Frédéric. "Transitions et dynamique relaxationnelle de polymères issus de la paroi végétale." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1432/.
Full textIn the future, increasing CO2 will stimulate the photosynthesis process and could allow a substantial increase in plant material. Compared to fossil fuels like oil or char, plant matter represents an annually renewable resource. Knowledge of its physicochemical properties is essential. The gene mutations of plant species allow identifying genes responsible for synthesis of the constituent polymers. The objective of this thesis is to apply thermal analysis techniques coupled with dielectric spectroscopy, to study the dynamic structure of plant cell walls of Arabidopsis Thaliana. In an analytical approach, the major cell wall polysaccharides extracted: cellulose and lignin, are studied. The glass transition of each polymer and the localized and delocalized molecular mobility were determined. Cellulose is the major structural component of plant cell walls; special attention was paid to the influence of its interaction with water on its physical structure. The decrease in glass transition temperature when the humidity increases, is a characteristic phenomenon of plasticization. The comparative study of the composite with natural plant cell wall polymers showed the contribution of cellulose and lignin in the dynamic chain of Arabidopsis Thaliana. These interpretations highlight the impact of genetic modifications on the interactions between and within molecular cell wall polymers
Pradel, Pierre. "Etude de la compaction dynamique de mousses polymères : Expériences et modélisation." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0035/document.
Full textPolymeric foams are widely used in many industrial applications as thermal insulators, structural materials or shock mitigators. Indeed, they are light weight materials with an excellent weight /stiffness ratio and low production costs. One of the applications which interests the CEA is the protection of structures against mechanical loadings generated by laser irradiation or high velocity impact of small debris.The main objective of this PhD thesis is to investigate the mitigation capability of an expanded polyurethane foam and an epoxy syntactic foam against extremely fast (> 106 s−1) and intense(> 10 GPa) dynamic loadings. Cyclic quasi-static tests and dynamic experiments have been performed to investigate the behavior of these two foams for strain rates ranging from 10−3 to 106 s−1. Analysis of the experimental results shows that these polymeric foams have an elastic behavior phase followed by a compaction phase with significant permanent sets. Compaction thresholds are about 9 MPa for the polyurethane foam and 30 MPa for the epoxy foam under quasi-static loadings and around 21 MPa for the polyurethane foam and 72 MPa for the epoxy foam for strain rates above 104 s−1.Two porous compaction models are developed to represent the macroscopic behavior of these foams for such strain rates. The parameters are identified from the results of dynamic compression experiments (gas gun, low inductance generator). The validity of the models is tested by comparing calculated velocity profiles with an explicit hydrocode and velocity profiles measured during the experiments. These models are then used to analyze the results obtained with electron beam irradiation and laser-driven shock experiments. We demonstrate that the studied polymeric foam shave high mitigation capabilities and that the models are valid for high strain rates
Aouri, Malik Charles. "Réticulation d'une résine époxyde : modélisation de la cinétique réactionnelle par l'analyse thermique dynamique." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20245.
Full textMarque, Grégory. "Absorption de l'eau par les polymères." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS011.
Full textEven if water is one of the main factors affecting the ageing of polymers, sorption mechanisms and water organization in polymers are not well understood. This work aims to study water in polymers at a molecular level by using molecular dynamics simulations. Thus, four molecular models of different polymer (PMDA-ODA, PES, PPSU and PSU) have been validated in the dry conditions before being simulated in hydrated states. Simulation results show that a majority of water molecules are hydrogen bonded with two hydrophilic sites at the same time via their hydrogens. Hydrophilic sites implied are certain polymer sites and water oxygens of neighbouring water molecules. It has been found that water organization is not only related to the polymer structure, but is also coupled strongly to water molecules present in the polymer matrix. These molecular observations have been compared with current interpretations of infra red measurements, dynamic vapour sorption experiments and density measurements. Another aspect of this work has been to determine solubility in polymers with theoretical methods using molecular simulations. An excluded volume mapping test-particle insertion technique has been used to characterize the influence of absorbed water on gas solubilities. This technique has also revealed the importance of the details of the molecular model of water used in calculations. Nevertheless, statistically reliable solubilities of water remain difficult to attain with such test-particle insertion methods
Masnada, Elian. "Mélange de polymère ou polymère-solvant : thermodynamique et dynamique à l’approche de la transition vitreuse." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10263.
Full textThe aim of this work is to describe the diffusion dynamics in polymers close to the glass transition (relaxation processes at non equilibrium states). A thermodynamic model for polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent blends is developed. It is able to compute the thermodynamic forces existing at non equilibrium for the mentioned blends (Onsagers formalism). The correspondent dynamic are based upon the existence of thermodynamic heterogeneities close to Tg due to concentration's fluctuations (Long-Lequeux model). Two methods were developed. The first is based on a Fokker-Planck equation which describes, at the heterogeneity scale (i.e. nanometric scale), the distribution of fluctuations of polymer and solvent. Following the study on the relaxation mechanism in the nanometric scale, a microscopic scale was then considered, in order to take in account either the solvent penetration within a glassy material or the drying of a polymer-solvent blend close to Tg. The second method consists in the simulation of the mentionned relaxation mechanisms using a spatial approach. This approach is based on a special discretization, each site being able to exchange solvent molecules or monomers according to the dynamics described by coupled non-linear Langevin equations. This second method is a more general approach. However the calculations related to it are more time-consuming. The results obtained by both methods are in good agreement. This is the very first method able to describe microscopically and quantitatively the solvents diffusion close to or below Tg
Lavernhe-Gerbier, Alexandrine. "Modèles moléculaires appliqués aux instabilités d'écoulement de polymères fondus." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3023.
Full textThe extrusion process of polymers is often limited in flow by instabilities. Indeed, at small flow rate, the extrudate is smooth, then when increase the flow rate, we find successively the sharkskin defect, the spurt and the gross melt fracture. The goal of this thesis, is to understand the molecular origin of the sharkskin and the spurt for, in fine, increasing the rate of production by modifying the molecular weight distribution or the tacticity of linear polymers. After a bibliographical study, which makes a state of the knowledge on the the sharkskin and the spurt, we have studied the linear and non-linear viscoelasticity properties of linear polymer of various chemical species. We have modelled the rheological results, in small and large deformations with the Doi͏̈-Edwards model. The validation of this model in the simple flows, enabled us to apply it in the case of the flow of a polymer in a flat die in order to predict the velocity profile and to show a link between the sharkskin defect and the velocity profile. To explain the origin and the mechanism of this defect, we were interested in the theory of Griffith and the model of the trumpet of de Gennes. This enabled us to find a solution to shift the sharkskin defect. To explain the spurt, we proposed a model of slip based on concepts developed by de Gennes and Brochard. According to our approach, the mechanism of slip would be due to a thermodynamic phenomenon between the molecules of surface "the pseudo brush" and those of volume
Mansencal, Rachel. "Dynamique moléculaire des chaînes polymères à l'interface matrice-renfort dans les multimatériaux." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0422.
Full textCassagnau, Philippe. "Dynamique moléculaire : Mécanisme de renouvellement du tube, comportement rhéologique des polymères polymoléculaires." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU3007.
Full textDeschanel, Stephanie. "Dynamique des précurseurs de la rupture desmatériaux hétérogènes : application auxmousses polymères vitreuses." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123253.
Full textDubourg, Fabien. "Nanomécanique et dynamique des polymères par microscopie de force en contact intermittent." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007198.
Full textLamaison, Sandrine. "Effets de la microstructure sur les propriétés rhéologiques de différents polymères linéaires." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3001.
Full textThe effects of microstructure on the thermal and rheological properties of polymers are of prime relevance because of the role played by the microstructure on dynamics of macromolecular chains and its influence on a large number of physical and chemical properties. We have studied the viscoelastic behaviour of polymers with different chain tacticities (PS, PMMA) and with variable vinyl content (polybutadiene). We have shown that the microstructure governs the molecular mobility and the rigidity of the chains. In order to model the viscoelastic behaviour of these polymers, we have extended the model of Benallal and al. To the microstructural aspect by using the concept of the free volume. The original contribution of this model is to link the whole relaxation times and modulus to the dimensions of the monomer unit with an energy and the coordination number
Palato, Samuel. "La simulation mésoscopique par dynamique dissipative." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/66.
Full textJourdan, Ludovic. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique turbulente dans les solutions diluées de polymères." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22081.
Full textDumont, Denis. "Simulations de matériaux par dynamique moléculaire : spectres de vibration de zéolithes et polymères." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-270.pdf.
Full textDalle-Ferrier, Cécile. "Transition vitreuse et hétérogénéités dynamiques dans les liquides moléculaires et les polymères." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112079.
Full textTrying to understand the reasons of the viscous slowing down of the dynamics while approaching the glass transition temperature, we used temperature, pressure, length of the chains in the case of polymeric systems or mixtures as complementary external parameters to influence glass transition. In this work, we studied in parallel length scales associated to dynamical heterogeneities near the glass transition and the properties of the supercooled liquid and the glass they form. In a first part, we use a new approach using multi-points susceptibilities to get a number of dynamically correlated molecules. We show that this number is increasing in a similar way for various molecular liquids. In a second part we apply this new approach to an other class of systems : polymer melts that have a behavior very similar to that of molecular liquids close to the glass transition. For these systems, we study some properties of the glassy state and their sensitivity to the length of the chain of the polymer, in particular in the idea of comparing them with the fragility. We show that the correlations between slow and fast dynamics proposed in the literature do seem to work well only at atmospheric pressure while comparing different molecular liquids. In the case of studies using mixtures, or pressure or different chain lengths for polymers, the correlations do not seem to hold. The chain length or composition dependence of the fragility seems to be completely independent of the one of the fast dynamics. It could explain the systematic failure of the correlations we find
Gasparoux, Jennifer. "Etude rhéo-acoustique de gels polymères polydiméthylsiloxanes." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20037.
Full textSteer, Philippe. "Viscoplasticité dynamique du polycarbonate aux grandes vitesses de sollicitation." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10143.
Full textFranceschini, Alexandre. "Elaboration de nanocomposites ciment-polymère, basés sur des interactions covalentes entre des polymères greffés silanes et les hydrates C-S-H." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066045.
Full textMakke, Ali. "Propriétés mécaniques des homo-polymères et des copolymers à blocs : approche par dynamique moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839525.
Full textDeschanel, Stéphanie. "Dynamique des précurseurs de la rupture des matériaux hétérogènes : application aux mousses polymères vitreuses." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0093/these.pdf.
Full textIn order to predict failure time of materials, a new approach has been considered : fracture can be viewed as a critical phenomenon. For some materials fracture can be seen as a clustering of microcrackes. We focus on heterogeneous materials (vitreous polymer foams) whose fracture can be described as a phase transition. Our main experimental tool is the monitoring of the acoustic emission signatures of the microfractures, which occur during mechanical tests. We highlighted diffuse microcrack nucleation and progressive localization into a dominating crack with a good fit of the energy by a power law. The exponet of this power law does not seem to depend neither on the material density, the loading mode, nor the behavior law. The time intervals between two damaging evants seem to be power law distributed only if the stress remains nearly constant for the most part of the test. A critical region where the cumulative energy could be described by a power law appears only for creep tests
Le, Guennec Patrick. "Dynamique de Spin dans les polyalkylthiophènes et théorie des états polaroniques des polymères conducteurs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10062.
Full textPerrin, Elsa. "Caractérisation de composites polymères / nanoparticules de silice : une étude de dynamique moléculaire gros-grains." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE047/document.
Full textPolymer/silica interface is investigated using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, the different behavior of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) and of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) on the silica surface is compared. First, we show that the macroscopic behavior of PAAm and of PDMA is correctly represented by a model containing an explicit solvent. Then, the umbrella sampling free energy method is used to probe the detachment of PAAm and of PDMA from a silica surface and to investigate important features that allow - or not - the polymer chain to remain adsorbed on the silica surface. We proved that intramolecular interactions within the polymer and polymer/surface interactions are of first importance for the polymer chain to adsorb on silica. Surprisingly, solvent/polymer as well as solvent/surface interactions are not discriminating criteria. Polymer chains are finally constrained to a particular configuration where one chain is adsorbed on two silica surfaces that are 200 Å apart. This yields interesting insights into the evolution of the monomers lability and of the surface/polymer strength interaction when the two silica surfaces are moved apart
Potier, François. "Réticulation dynamique de polymères par des nanobriques inorganiques : nouveaux matériaux hybrides autoréparants et thermoformables." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066323/document.
Full textA butyltin oxo-cluster macrocation, [(BuSn)12O14(OH)6]AMPS2, has been chosen as the Nano Building Block to create self-healing and malleable materials. The functional ligands enable the cluster to ionically cross-link poly(n-butyl acrylate) chains. The resulting hybrid material is an elastomer possessing properties which enable it to recover from damages: from a few μm depth cut to a dramatic failure. In addition, this material is recyclable, which is an exceptional property for an elastomer. The origin of the dynamic behavior is the ionic interaction between the cluster core and its ligands which are connected by macromolecular chains. Such interactions are strong enough to cross-link the polymer and consequently exhibit rubber-like elasticity behavior as well as render it labile enough to allow dynamic bond recombination leading to a dynamic network. Mechanical properties of the material (DMTA, Tensile Tests, and Relaxation Tests) have been evaluated and verify the macroscopic dynamic nature of the network. DOSY NMR experiments demonstrate the molecular dynamic of the networks, attesting the key role of the cluster. Concentrating on the development of high mechanical modulus materials with dynamic network, copolymers using hard blocks made of polystyrene and soft blocks of poly(n-butyl acrylate) which are cross-linked by the cluster have been synthetized. Such materials have thermo-stimulated healing properties, can be recycled, and are malleable, which is not the case for conventional thermoplastics. This synthesis strategy enables to raise the elastic modulus of the elastomer from 0.1 MPa to 500 MPa while maintaining the co-polymers dynamic properties
Martrou, Guillaume. "Dynamique d'interfaces chargées et application aux matériaux fibreux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0296/document.
Full textInterfaces between two fluids can lead to various interfacial shape instabilities if an electrical field is applied. Leading, for instance, to micrometric droplets or jets formation. Controlling those instabilities is much-needed for an optimal fabrication of microspheres or microfibers : size, physicochemical properties, dispersion and macroscopic spatial structuring of aggregates of those kind of objects. This diversity is based in the competition between surface tension and gravity forces with gravity during the electrodynamics of fluids under electric field induced by electrical charges, polarization charges, electrical discharges and ionic wind. The experimental thesis deals with two main topics. The first one is a precise understanding of spatiotemporals phenomena occurring in a configuration made of a metallic injector raised to high voltage placed above a liquid bath. We present the formation of an original instability leading to a macroscopic bell-shaped link between both electrodes and its non linear characterization. The bifurcation is subcritical and imperfect. The second topic, based on the experience gained with the first one, is an original method of fabrication of microfibers modified in only one step by wet electrospinning. The chosen electrospun polymer is PSMA and the one used for modification is PEGDA. This study has been realized with a catalyze application context. To do so, fibers has been functionalized with peroxydase (HRP) as the model protein. The results especially show a better temporal stability and possible reuse compared to catalysis with standard methods
Le, Goff Loïc. "Dynamique et statique des polymères semi-flexibles : filaments d'actine et réseaux activés par la myosine." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077232.
Full textGuerrault, Xavier. "Simulation moléculaire de fondus de polymères par la méthode de la "Dynamique des particules dissipatives"." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112217.
Full textThis work deals with the modelisation and the simulation of Polyethylene (PE) and 1,4cis-Polybutadiene (cis-PB) melts at mesoscale using the “Dissipative Particle Dynamics” (DPD) method. Polymers are represented as chains of beads each one regrouping (called the coarse-graining level) monomers and subjected to the conservative, dissipative, and random DPD forces. First, a set of parameters for the PE and cis-PB effective conservative interactions is established for several from microscopic Monte Carlo simulations and using the mean-force potential concept. Scaling laws of the Rouse regime are recovered for all chain lengths. Results for the structural quantities are in good agreement with experimental data and detailed microscopic simulations. It is even observed a global (independent of the coarse-graining level) scaling law for the evolution of the root mean square end to end distance with the length of the underlying microscopic chain. Then, the parameters of the dissipative force are adjusted for PE, enabling the comparison between dynamical properties at micro and mesoscale. No transition from the Rouse to reptation regime, related to the existence of entanglements, is observed here. This is due to the fact that the potentials used are (and have to be) too weakly repulsive. To overcome this problem, a “non-crossing” algorithm is implemented to artificially re-introduce entanglements, leading for the moment only, to a slowing down of the dynamics
Chauty-Cailliaux, Aude. "Thermodynamique, structure et dynamique de polymères amorphes sous pression à l'approche de la transition vitreuse." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112119.
Full textThis works concerns the observation of the thermodynamics, the dynamics, and the structure of polymers at a local scale (monomer). At this scale, at the approach of the glass transition and in the glassy state, similar behaviours have been observed in polymers and in molecular liquids. The origin of this kinetic transition, characterised by the passage from a system at equilibrium to a system out-of-equilibrium is still not properly understood. With various experimental techniques allowing to probe the dynamic processes on a large time or frequency range (calorimetry, dielectric spectroscopy, inelastic neutron scattering) and the local structure of polymers (elastic neutron scattering), we studied the influence of temperature and density, disentangling their effect thanks to pressure (up to 4 GPa. Those experiments have been carried out on several polymers (polybutadiene, Polyisobutylene, Polyepichlorhydrine, Polyvinylmethylether), and at different molecular weights for Polyisobutylene. It is possible to rescale all the relaxation times (at all pressure and temperature) as a function of only one parameter, taking into account the density and temperature dependence : [Gamma]=[rho]^(n/3)/T, n depending on the polymer considered. Besides, the results can not be explained by free volume concepts. In the glassy state, the Boson peak, revealing an excess in the vibrationnal density of states has been studied as a function of density, on Polybutadiene. The parallel observed between the density evolution of the maximum frequency of the peak and the one of the structure factor allows to link the peak to the disorder of the vitreous system. The comparison between the pressure effect on the glass transition and on the Boson peak leads to a possible link between the Boson peak and dynamic heterogeneities
Sorichetti, Valerio. "Nanoparticle dynamics in polymer solutions and gels : a simulation approach." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS113.
Full textPolymer nanocomposites, systems of polymers containing nanoparticles (NPs), are fascinating systems that have many applications in material science, biology and medicine, but also pose challenges to theoretical physics. One of the fundamental problems in the physics of nanocomposites is to understand how the structure and dynamics of the system depends on key parameters, such as NP size and volume fraction and the typical size of the polymeric mesh. In this thesis we use molecular dynamics simulations to study the structural and dynamic properties of NPs embedded in liquid and solid polymer-nanocomposites. We observe that when weakly attractive, well dispersed NPs are added to a dense polymer solution, both the polymers and the NPs experience a dynamical slowing down. We find that, in qualitative agreement with experiments, this dynamical slowing down is captured by a confinement parameter in the form h/λ, where h is the average distance between the surfaces of neighboring NPs (interparticle distance). We are able to show that for the NPs, λ can be interpreted as the hydrodynamic radius of the NP, whereas for the polymers it behaves as a cooperativity length scale. Simulating disordered, polydisperse polymer networks containing purely repulsive NPs, we find that small NPs can freely diffuse through the entanglement mesh, while large NPs are transiently trapped and can only move through a sequence of ``jumps'' (hopping motion). We find that the parameter controlling NP localization is the ratio between the NP diameter and the localization length of the crosslinks. Finally, we propose a new method to characterize the geometrical mesh size in polymer liquids, a quantity that is important to describe the diffusion of NP in a disordered medium
Todica, Mihai. "Etude par relaxation magnétique nucléaire des phénomènes dynamiques dans les polymères fondus ou en solutions concentrées : diffusion moléculaire, dynamique segmentaire, réseau temporaire." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10018.
Full textDudognon, Emeline. "Analyse des relaxations diélectriques dans les polyméthacrylates de n-alkyle par spesctroscopies dynamique et thermo-stimulée." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30114.
Full textGibert, François-Xavier. "Rhéologie et adhérence des autoadhésifs thermofusibles. : Règles de formulation." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3028.
Full textVangrevelinghe, Eric. "Etude par modélisation moléculaire d'un polymère à usage thérapeutique : le poly(méthylidène malonate 2.1.2), structure tridimensionnelle, propriétés moléculaires et influence de la solvatation." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2062.
Full textChennevière, Alexis. "Dynamique de chaînes de polymère greffés et glissement aux interfaces." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112404/document.
Full textIn many cases, the development of surfaces with specific adhesive properties involves the use of "decorated interfaces." These interfaces consist of a solid substrate on which polymer chains are more or less well anchored. These chains are mechanically coupled to the surrounding material and control the transmission of friction and adhesion stresses at the interfaces. This coupling depends particularly on the penetration of the surface chains within the matrix and on their own dynamics. In this thesis, the systems we investigated are composed of a layer of polymer chains whose end is covalently linked to a solid substrate. These, so called, polymer brushes, provide a model system for decorated interfaces. Our objective was to study the conformation and dynamics of these grafted chains when they are subjected to different types of stress in order to understand the molecular mechanisms governing the adhesion and friction properties of this type of interface.In the first part, we investigated the healing kinetics of an interface composed initially of grafted chains collapsed on a substrate and in contact with a molten by using neutron reflectivity. When the system is brought above the glass transition temperature, the polymer chains mobility is high enough to allow the penetration of the grafted chains within the polymer melt. Neutrons reflectivity allowed us to probe at the molecular scale and to quantify the healing kinetics of this type of interface. The influence of molecular parameters on this healing kinetics was observed, which allowed us to propose a scaling law model to give a physical interpretation to the phenomenon studied.The second part of this thesis consisted in the development of an experimental setup which is able to shear a brush / melt interface above the glass transition temperature and to freeze the conformation of chains grafted in their sheared conformation. The inversion of the associated neutron reflectivity spectra made it possible to demonstrate the influence of shear on the degree of interpenetration between the brush and the melt which governs the transmission of stresses. In addition, we measured the kinetics of relaxation of grafted chains previously sheared and we compared it to the interdigitation experiments. This comparison highlighted the influence of the kind of solicitation on the relaxation kinetics of a brush/melt interface.We also observed that the relaxation kinetics and the conformation of the grafted chains may be altered when they are confined in a film which thickness is comparable to the radius of gyration of the chains. A systematic study using neutron reflectivity was conducted and highlighted an acceleration of the relaxation kinetics of the system below a critical thickness which could be interpreted in terms of a shift in the glass transition temperature.Secondly, we studied the slip of polymer solutions onto a grafted surface. The volume fraction of free chains in solution is an additional parameter which controls the degree of interpenetration between free chains and grafted chains. A first theoretical approach showed that different slip regimes can occur as a function of volume fraction. We have undertaken a first series of experiments using laser velocimetry after photobleaching to measure the surface velocity of flowing polymer solutions and to compare the experimental results to our theoretical approach
Souche, Mireille. "Hétérogénéités de la dynamique dans les mélanges polymère-solvant à l'approche de la transition vitreuse : Diffusion de type II et séchage de films polymère-solvant un modèle à l'échelle mésoscopique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112008.
Full textA model describing the equilibrium and out equilibrium dynamics of a polymer solution near the glass transition is proposed. The equilibrium description relies on the existence of concentration fluctuations, which are assumed to account for the heterogeneity of the dynamics. The fast evolving regions control the evaporation of the solvent, while the slow evolving regions control the contraction of the mixture. Out of equilibrium, the dynamics is described by a system of coupled differential equations: one for the distribution of the polymer concentration and one for the evaporation of the solvent. The drying of a few micrometer thick polymer films, as well as the inverse process, namely the penetration of solvent in a glassy polymer matrix, are then discussed. In the first case, we show that, reducing the solvent activity down to zero, the solvent can be almost completely evaporated from the film in a reasonable experimental time, even at temperatures well below the glass transition temperature. For thicker films, we show the appearance of a glassy layer at the interface. When applied to the inverse process, our model allows for a description of type II diffusion in glassy polymers and gives an interpretation of the phenomenological parameters appearing in the model of Thomas and Windle
Cuierrier, Étienne. "Vers la simulation de polymères cristaux liquides auxétiques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11818.
Full textConrad, Guillaume. "Friction statique et dynamique sous cisaillement oscillatoire ultrasonore." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1069/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to bring new insights to the understanding of the interaction between high frequency tangential vibrations and the macroscopic triggering of sliding, as well as the subsequent frictional dynamics. This experimental work is based on a method that allows studying, at ultrasonic frequencies, the elastic and dissipative characteristics of sphere-plane contacts, in linear and non-linear regimes. The method relies on the measurement of the resonance frequency and the quality factor of a quartz, which are modified by the mechanical contact with a probe. The sliding threshold is adjusted by the control of the molecular nature of the frictional interface, which can be either grafted or spin-coated onto the quartz. We first characterize the physical and mechanical properties of the various interfaces in the linear regime. Then, we study the effects of the oscillation amplitude on the angle of repose of the probe in contact with the quartz which is grafted with monolayers of high and low adhesion energy. When the oscillation amplitude increases, the angle of repose decreases whatever the polarisation of the vibrations. The vibrations shall decrease the effective surface area on which the static stress applies, which decreases the static force at the threshold. We discuss the results within the framework of the Mindlin model, which suggests that the oscillatory energy could play the role of an effective temperature in a jamming diagram. In the last part of the work, we study the response of the mechanical contact at very high amplitudes. We observe a micro-slip regime beyond the Mindlin limit, where the behaviour of the contact oscillates between partial and full microslip, leading eventually to interfacial fracture. When the probe is sliding on the incline at constant velocity, the high frequency vibrations increase the sliding velocity. In the case of a macromolecular interfacial film, we propose a possible explanation for this effect, based on a mechanism at the local scale
Schmit, Carlo. "Propriétés des milieux polymères : cinétiques de réticulation, gonflement, polymères étoilés : approche R.M.N." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10067.
Full textLafargue, Clément. "Dynamique non-linéaire dans les microcavités laser tridimensionnelles à base de polymères : aspects physiques et technologiques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920272.
Full textKchaou, Marwa. "Influence de la méthode de préparation sur la dynamique de relaxation des polymères en films minces." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1017.
Full textThe aim of this work is to highlight the influence of the sample preparation on the relaxation dynamics of supported polymer thin films. We focus in particular on the importance of tuning the solvent evaporation rate during films preparation, in terms of controlling the magnitude of residual stresses, and the impact on the physical properties. Firstly, we expose the deviation of the polymer behavior in thin polymer films related to the preparation technique. Then, we describe how the solvent evaporation rate can be precisely tuned by varying the concentration of the solution and the rotation rate of the spin coater. Dewetting experiments allowed us to investigate the effect of the solvent evaporation rate on the viscoelastic behavior of the polymers near the Tg. The probability of films rupture, the characteristic time, dewetting dynamics and the magnitude of residual stresses are deduced to prove the impact of sample preparation. In the second part, we present cracks propagation experiments in glassy thin films. A simple microscopic observation, as well as AFM imaging are used to emphasize the role of the solvent evaporation rate during the preparation. Finally, we present a new experimental approach to investigate in real time and during dewetting the dynamics of polymers in thin films by direct dielectric measurements. We have successfully proved not only the impact of sample preparation but also the restoration of the bulk behavior of polymers is possible during the time whatever the film parameters. We therefore confirm that the anomalous properties observed in spin-coated films are governed by the metastable state induced by the sample preparation
Brou, Ambroise Ehouman. "Extraction et concentration d'exopolysaccharides produits par fermentation par un système de filtration dynamique à disque rotatif." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1392.
Full textGirard, Séverine. "Simulations moléculaires dynamiques de surfaces de polymère amorphe : cas de la cellulose." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS003.
Full textSurface properties of polymeric materials have many industrial applications, such as in the field of adhesives and composites. A better understanding of the chain conformations at interfaces could lead to improved properties. However, it is still difficult to characterise polymer surfaces at the molecular level. Numerical simulations are, therfore, a useful complement to experiments as they allow a detailed examination of polymer structure at the atomistic scale. Nevertheless, such simulations remain for the moment computationally very demanding and the time and length scales associated with the relaxation of polymers are difficult to access. We propose here, thus, a dual-scale approach. A treatmant at the mesocopic level, where the elementary particle corresponds to an entire repeat unit, is necessary in order to relax the chains. Then, back-mappingallows for a finer analysis of the chain structure. This dual-scale method was tested for amorphous cellulose on periodic systmes and films of up to 300 Å width. At the mesoscopic level, the surface tension and the pesistence length calculated for amorphous cellulose are in agreement with the available experimental data. After back-mapping the atomistic model predicts a subtle change in the hydrogen bonding pattern near the surface
Aradian, Achod André. "Quelques problèmes de dynamique d'interfaces molles." Paris 6, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001386.
Full textRiedel, Clément. "Propriétés diélectrique et mécanique des polymères aux échelles macro et nanoscopiques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582827.
Full text