Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamique non linéaire des lasers'
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giudici, massimo. "Dynamique non linéaire dans les lasers à semiconducteurs avec rétroaction optique." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005284.
Full textNous étudions la nature dynamique des fluctuations à basse fréquence au moyen de techniques des mesures particulières. Nous prouvons que les LFFs trouvent leur origine dans une bifurcation noeud - col d'Andronov anticipée par le bruit présent dans le système. Nous démontrons expérimentalement que, en accord avec ce type de bifurcation, le laser à semi-conducteur avec rétroaction optique répond aux perturbations comme un système excitable. Ceci constitue la première preuve d'excitabilité dans un système optique. Corollairement, le contrôle du niveau de bruit dans le système nous permet de réaliser la première observation du phénomène de Coherence Resonance.
Nous avons aussi obtenu de fortes indications sur le mécanisme physique à l'origine de l'instabilité des fluctuations à basse fréquence. L'analyse de l'évolution temporelle du spectre optique à des échelles inférieures à la nanoseconde nous permet de montrer que cette instabilité est générée par l'interaction entre différents modes du laser.
Enfin, nous nous sommes placés dans le cas expérimental où la rétroaction optique est sélective en fréquence, analysant ainsi les caractéristiques du système par la variation de cette fréquence.
L'influence de la rétroaction sur un laser a aussi été étudiée pour des lasers à cavité verticale (VCSELs) dont le fonctionnement monomode longitudinal est imposé par la séparation en fréquence entre les modes. Pourtant, nous observons une fluctuation à basse fréquence dans l'intensité émise par le système. Nous montrons que, dans ce cas, l'instabilité est liée à l'interaction entre les deux composants de polarisation du VCSEL.
Javaloyes, Julien. "Dynamique non linéaire des lasers : applications au modèle CARL et aux lasers couplés via injection." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4093.
Full textWe present in this thesis the study of two non-linear optical systems. The first problem that we analyze is the collective atomic recoil laser (CARL) in a vapor of two-level atoms. We emphasize the various irreversible processes, present in any experiment, that are likely to counteract the development of the instability. We point out the existence of two different types of phase transition and show that they are independent of the details of the thermalization processes. The study is both numerical and analytic. We specify the necessary conditions in order to observe the first kind of transition while we compare our results for the second instability with recent experimental results. The second problem concerns the dynamics of two lasers coupled via delayed injection. We show how this system, a priori simple, induces very rich dynamics when the delay term is included. We present a mechanism of bridge formation between periodic solutions with different symmetries via secondary bifurcation and asymmetric quasi-periodic solutions. This study is performed using analytical methods and a continuation based algorithm
In questa tesi, presentiamo lo studio di due sistemi ottici non lineari. Il primo problema analizzato 'e l'effetto laser ottenuto mediante rinculo atomico (CARL), in un vapore di atomi a due livelli. In questo studio, consideriamo in modo esplicito I diversi processi irreversibili, presenti negli esperimenti, che possono impedire la formazione delle instabilità. In questo sistema dinamico, mettiamo in evidenza l'esistenza di due tipi di transizione di fase e mostriamo che quest'ultime sono indipendenti dai dettagli del processo di termalizzazione. Questo studio e realizzato numericamente e analiticamente. Per la prima transizione, presentiamo le condizioni necessarie alla sua osservazione, mentre per la seconda transizione, confrontiamo i nostri risultati con delle recenti osservazioni sperimentali. Nella seconda parte di questa tesi, ci interessiamo alla dinamica di due laser accoppiati tramite un termine di ritardo. Mostreremo come un sistema, a priori semplice, composto da due laser, può avere una dinamica estremamente ricca grazie al termine di ritardo. Presentiamo un meccanismo di formazione di ponti di connessione tra le soluzioni periodiche con simmetrie diverse tramite delle biforcazioni secondarie e delle soluzioni quasi-periodiche asimmetriche. Questo studio e realizzato analiticamente e numericamente, grazie all'utilizzazione di algoritmi di continuazione
Lepers, Catherine. "Dynamique non linéaire dans les lasers CO2 monomode et faiblement multimode : Bifurcation, bruit et dynamique spatio-temporelle." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10026.
Full textJumpertz, Louise. "Photonique non-linéaire dans les lasers à cascade quantique moyen infrarouges." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03689516.
Full textMid-infrared quantum cascade lasers are unipolar semiconductor lasers, which have become widely used sources for applications such as gas spectroscopy, free-space communications or optical countermeasures. Applying external per-turbations such as optical feedback or optical injection leads to a strong modification of the quantum cascade laser prop-erties. Optical feedback impacts the static properties of mid-infrared Fabry-Perot and distributed feedback quantum cas-cade lasers, inducing power increase, threshold reduction, modification of the optical spectrum, which can become either single- or multimode, and enhanced beam quality of broad-area transverse multimode lasers. It also leads to a different dynamical behavior, and a quantum cascade laser subject to optical feedback can oscillate periodically or even become chaotic: this work provides the very first analysis of optical instabilities in the mid-infrared range. A numerical study of optical injection furthermore proves that quantum cascade lasers can injection-lock over a few gigahertz, where they should experience enhanced stability and especially improved modulation bandwidth. Furthermore, some promising dynamics appear outside the locking range with periodic oscillations at a tunable frequency or high-intensity events. A quantum cascade laser under external control could therefore be a source with enhanced properties for the usual mid-infrared applications, but could also address new applications such as tunable photonic oscillators, extreme events gen-erators, chaotic LIDAR, chaos-based secured communications or unpredictable countermeasures
Lafargue, Clément. "Dynamique non-linéaire dans les microcavités laser tridimensionnelles à base de polymères : aspects physiques et technologiques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920272.
Full textWang, Tao. "Évolution de la cohérence et dynamique non-linéaire des lasers à la meso-échelle." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4016/document.
Full textCoherent light sources are nowadays ubiquitous in scientific research and engineering applications and have been miniaturized since their inception. Physically, the onset and development of laser coherence is largely affected by the cavity size reduction, but this becomes apparent only for the smallest Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). Thus the following questions arise: When does coherence set in? How does it develop? How do we define threshold? Is there a unique threshold value and does it exist at all for a nanolaser? What is the dynamical response to modulation in this uncharted territory? In this thesis we explore the regime of laser operation around what is conventionally called the threshold point and obtain experimental answers to some of the questions from mesoscale lasers. Correlation functions, temporal dynamics, phase space reconstruction, statistical indicators and spatially-resolved intensity and emission wavelength measurements are the indicators for the answers we seek. The dynamical response is investigated by applying a sinusoidal modulation to very small VCSELs, where we obtain the amplification of pulses in the threshold region, anomalous amplification of the spontaneous emission (in a cross-polarized channel), regular and (mostly) irregular pulsations due to the strong influence of spontaneous emission in these small devices. Finally, a two-dimensional characterization of the radiation properties transversely to the emission shows the correlation between coherence buildup and the establishment of a laser mode. For larger devices, this analysis lays the foundation for investigating the buildup of coherence in spatially extended lasers
Preda, Cristina-Elena. "Laser Nd³+ : YVO4 : dynamique et conduite optimale." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Preda.pdf.
Full textEvain, Clément. "Dynamique de sources sur accélérateur : contrôle de «structures turbulentes» dans les lasers à électrons libres et étude du rayonnement synchrotron cohérent induit par laser." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10171/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present two studies on the dynamics of accelerator-based sources.The first study concerns the control of ``turbulent patterns'' which appear in some free electron lasers (FEL), and more generally in spatio-temporal systems submitted to a permanent drift. Large drift velocities typically lead to a particular type of instability, characterized by the appearance of noise sustained structures. We show that this type of turbulent behavior can be suppressed by adding a non-local additive feedback. As a remarkable fact, the gain needed for the ``stabilization'' can be extremely small, 10 power -8 for the experiments performed on the UVSOR-II FEL in Japan.The second study is devoted to laser-induced coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in a storage ring. In a first step, we show that it is possible to imprint a periodic pattern in the electron bunch phase-space using an external laser. This allow to obtain a tunable coherent emission (CSR) in the terahertz range. Terahertz pulse energy larger by a factor 1000-10 000 with respect to normal (incoherent) synchrotron radiation were thus measured at UVSOR-II. In a second step, we show that this laser-electron beam interaction allows to obtain new information on the CSR instability, which appears when the electron bunch density exceeds a threshold value. In particular, we show experimentally, with the observation of instability precursors, that the instability arises from the amplification of some characteristic wavenumbers
Roy, Vincent. "Lasers à fibre à synchronisation modale passive par rotation non linéaire de la polarisation : dynamique en régime multi-impulsionnel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24719/24719.pdf.
Full textThe work presented herein is primarily concerned with the dynamics of passively mode-locked fiber lasers. The mechanism used for achieving pulse emission relies on nonlinear interferometry (i.e. nonlinear polarization rotation). However, the same mechanism acts as a limiter whenever the pulse power is increased above a given amount, i.e. the wings are subject to a higher gain than the peak of the pulse. The pulse train then becomes unstable and the creation of one or more additional pulses follows from this instability. In this new regime, it is not unusual to observe the formation of coherent states of bound pulses. The nature of the interaction responsible for this phenomenon depends on the amount of dispersion experienced by the pulses along the laser cavity. In the case of a cavity that sustains the formation of solitons, the occurrence of pulse bound states was shown to result from the nonlinear interaction between the pulses and the resonant dispersive waves emitted as a result of the periodic perturbations the solitons undergo on successive cavity round trips. In contrast, for the case of a cavity built from positive and negative dispersion fibers such as to reduce the net dispersion, the sidebands related to the resonant dispersive waves are greatly reduced because of the significant frequency chirp the pulses acquire along each fiber segment. Thus we show here that the formation of pulse bound states results instead from the direct interaction between the multiple pulses since the pulses interfere with one another on a significant part of the laser cavity. In addition, in the same regime, we report the observation of collisions occurring between pulse bound states traveling with different group velocities. This process may result in several outcomes, depending on the changes the bound states undergo during the collisions. In fact, energy and momentum need not be conserved in the process since the laser is a dissipative system. Finally, in the case of collisions that repeat periodically, the acquisition of a sequence of autocorrelations allowed us to verify the peculiar dynamics that characterizes the collision process.
Barsella, Alberto. "Dynamique de couplage et formation de structures dans les lasers à absorbant saturable." Lille 1, 2000. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/69f2fe56-d7b8-4b67-8f73-7abf71d50dc6.
Full textL'extension au cas bimode transverse se traduit par l'apparition d'une dynamique d'antiphase. Les simulations numeriques effectuees reproduisent les regimes dynamiques observes et mettent en evidence de nouvelles bifurcations introduites par le couplage. La deuxieme partie presente une etude theorique et numerique du comportement spatio-temporel d'un laser a absorbant saturable. L'analyse de stabilite lineaire de la solution nulle montre que l'absorbant controle la longueur d'onde critique des modes qui se destabilisent au seuil. La creation ou l'inhibition des structures est analysee suivant l'ecart en frequence de l'absorbant. Une analyse faiblement non lineaire au seuil montre que le systeme est decrit par une equation de swift-hohenberg. Les simulations numeriques mettent en evidence des solutions a ondes progressives, a ondes stationnaires et en echiquier. Enfin, les simulations sur le systeme complet permettent de verifier la validite du modele de swift-hohenberg tout en donnant aussi des regimes plus fortement non lineaires, comme des impulsions 2d progressives
Plumecoq, Jérôme. "Caractérisation de systèmes dynamiques de petite et grande dimensions : de l'analyse topologique aux codages symboliques, et instabilités spatio-temporelles dans un laser fortement multimode." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-349-350.pdf.
Full textDalloz, Nicolas. "Formation du spectre optique dans les lasers Raman à fibre." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628627.
Full textSun, Yifan. "Theory of mode-locked lasers based on non-conventional cavity modes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP003.
Full textThis PhD thesis mainly addresses the dynamics and the robustness of a novel concept of mode locking in ultracompact semiconductor nanolasers. Such a nanolaser exhibits Hermite-Gaussian modes created by a harmonic photonic cavity to confine light. This maps the optical cavity into quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator, with evenly spaced eigenfrequencies, an essential requirement for mode locking. The possible nonlinear regimes are described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a parabolic potential and nonlinear terms describing gain and absorption. To investigate these dynamical behaviors, direct numerical simulations are mainly implemented. Continuation calculations are also performed using pde2path.First, the mode competition for gain among Hermite-Gaussian modes in the absence of saturable absorption is investigated and shown to be very different from usual resonators.Second, mode locking is predicted to occur with instantaneous saturation of gain and absorption over a broad range of parameters, corresponding to the emergence of dissipative soliton and multisoliton solutions. The mode locking period is controlled by the design of the photonic potential, and not by the cavity length. The dissipative soliton is well described by the coherent state of a quantum mechanical oscillator, namely a Gaussian envelope oscillating without deformation.Third, in the regime of noninstantaneous gain and absorption saturation, different dynamical behaviors of the nanolaser are obtained by varying the gain and the absorption. These different regimes, including Q-switching, Q-switched mode locking, and CW mode locking, are described in detail, illustrating the rich physics of this nonlinear system. The influence of the Henry factor on the mode locking is also discussed. Moreover, similar dynamical behaviors using spatially separated gain and absorber sections inside the cavity are obtained.Fourth, the robustness of mode locking of the Hermite-Gaussian modes to the disorder of the harmonic cavity is investigated in details. It includes the effect of non-parabolicity of the potential and the random errors in the shape of the potential
Grapinet, Mélanie. "Dynamiques non linéaires en cavités optiques : oscillateur photoréfractif et laser à fibre optique." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS046.
Full textThis thesis concerns the non linearities in a photorefractive cavity and in a fiber laser doped erbium with a cavity at ring unidirectional. The photorefractive cavity is a system with the geometry of a optical oscillator semi linear. An oscillation, in this cavity, will be studied analytically and numerically. Different states from the oscillation can present itself : no degenerate state and degenerate state. The operation of the laser to modes blocked rests on the strongly non-linear dynamics. In strongly dissipative state, the stability of the ultrashort pulses is apprehended through the concepts and properties of dissipative solitons. These discoveries were observed experimentally and were validated by numerical simulations founded on the use of a model of complex Ginzburg-Landau cubic-quintique with management of parameters. A numerical analysis with a vectorial profile of the fields was carried out
Audo, Kevin. "Étude théorique et expérimentale des lasers solides bi-fréquences auto-régulés en bruit d'intensité via des non-linéarités intracavité." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S002/document.
Full textDual-frequency solid-state lasers are attractive for numerous domains (metrology, microwave photonics, Lidar-Radar, optical clocks). However, such lasers suffer from excess intensity noise which is difficult to cancel with usual methods. In this context, we develop a new approach called “buffer reservoir” for reducing the excess intensity noise. This method relies on the change of the laser’s dynamical behavior by inserting a low efficient nonlinear absorption mechanism in the cavity. First, this approach is studied on single frequency solid-state lasers by using two types of non-linear absorption: two-photon absorption (TPA) and second harmonic generation absorption (SHGA). We show a possible reduction of the intensity noise at the relaxation oscillations frequency of an Er,Yb:glass laser up to 50 dB without degrading neither its power nor its phase noise. We explore the underlying physics by developing an analytical model describing the laser dynamical behavior. The effect of the nonlinear absorber on the noise peaks lying at high frequency at the free spectral range of the cavity is also studied. We demonstrate the relevance of such self-regulated lasers for the distribution of optically carried local oscillators. We then extend the “buffer reservoir” approach to dual-frequency lasers. By developing a predictive analytical model, we show experimentally that the use of TPA enables 40 dB reduction of both in-phase and anti-phase noise under certain conditions. The mode coupling in the active medium is analyzed when the nonlinear losses are present. Finally, we address the use of SHGA as a ''buffer reservoir'' in dual-frequency lasers. In particular, we experimentally and theoretically explore the laser behavior when the nonlinear losses are inserted on one eigen-mode of the laser only. This configuration enables a strong reduction of resonant noise peaks for both modes
Spitz, Olivier. "Mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers for chaos secure communications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT054.
Full textThe mid-infrared domain is a promising optical domain because it holds two transparency atmospheric windows, as well as the fingerprint of many chemical compounds. Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are one of the available sources in this domain and have already been proven useful for spectroscopic applications and free-space communications. The purpose of that dissertation is to go one step further by implementing a secure free-space communication relying on optical chaos and consequently, to give an accurate cartography of non-linear phenomena in quantum cascade lasers. Initial efforts about free-space secure chaotic transmission have been carried out during this Ph.D. thesis with two chaos-synchronized QCLs, which is a pioneer result paving the way for mid-infrared private communications. In order to have a global picture about the non-linear dynamics in QCLs under external optical feedback, we tuned many experimental parameters and this allowed us studying new phenomena in QCLs. We thus found similarities between QCLs and laser diodes when the chaotic dropouts are synchronized with an external modulation, known as the entrainment phenomenon. A cross-polarization reinjection technique led to square-wave emission in the output of the QCL. Eventually, we studied the triggering of rogue waves in QCLs. Rogue waves are a quite common phenomenon in optics (among other domains in science) but they have never been triggered on-demand in semiconductor lasers under external optical feedback before. Further studies will try to avoid such phenomenon in the output of a QCL under external optical feedback since it can disturb the message to be transmitted in a secure communication. All these experimental results allowed a better understanding of the non-linear dynamics of QCLs and will extend the potential applications of this kind of semiconductor lasers, which have currently been restricted to molecular spectroscopy and optical countermeasure systems
Lapre, Coraline. "Caractérisation des régimes de stabilité et instabilité des lasers à soliton dissipatif avec dynamiques soliton-similariton et régénération Mamyshev." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCD053.
Full textModelocked ultrafast lasers producing picosecond and sub-picosecond pulses are well known to exhibit a very rich landscape of nonlinear dynamics that are of tremendous interest from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Although such instabilities from ultrafast laser have been studied for many decades, the recent development of advanced photonic measurement techniques has opened up new perspectives into their analysis. In this thesis, we report a detailed experimental study of the complex dynamical regimes of two different optical fibre laser systems operating around 1550 nm: a soliton-similariton laser, and a Mamyshev oscillator. In both cases, we use the time-frequency technique of frequency resolved optical gating for complete intensity and chirp characterisation in stable regimes of operation, and the real-time dispersive Fourier transform method to characterize shot-to-shot spectral fluctuations. For the particular case of the soliton-similariton laser, stable operation yields from 7 to 10 ps pulses of 30~nm spectral width and 0,32 mW average output power at 9,5 MHz. Instabilities seen in the soliton-similariton laser include novel startup, the generation of coupled soliton molecules, the emergence of complex intermittence and chaos, and the appearance of multipulse states. For the case of the Mamyshev oscillator, stable operation yields from 3 to 5 ps pulses of 90 à 100 nm spectral width and ~4 mW average output power at 6,37 MHz. We also present results on the characterization of the Noise-Like Pulse regime of the soliton-similariton laser with the addition of highly nonlinear fiber in the cavity, which generates broadband output spanning 1000 nm. As well as presenting a range of experimental results, numerical simulations are used to gain insight into the operation of the laser systems studied
Gustave, François. "Dynamique de phase et solitons dissipatifs dans des lasers à semiconducteurs." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4003/document.
Full textDissipative solitons (DS) are self-localized wave-packets appearing in spatially extended dissipative systems. In optics, all the DS that have been observed in propagative systems can be cast in two categories, depending on the presence or absence of an external forcing, i.e. the phase symmetry is broken or not. In forced systems, DS are locked in phase to forcing whereas without forcing, their phase is free an can wander in the course of time. In this thesis, we study the formation of propagative DS in two different experimental systems that fundamentally differ from the presence or lack of an external forcing. The first one is a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) submitted to a frequency selective feedback, in which DS form in the transverse plane of the system (2D). We analyze how the synchronization of the longitudinal frequencies (mode-locking) can give rise to tri-dimensionnal localization of light: light bullets. The second system is a highly multimode semiconductor ring laser with external forcing, whose spatial extension takes place along the propagation dimension. When the forcing frequency is slightly detuned from the natural frequency of the system, we can see the appearance of self-confined 2 pi phase rotations embedded in a homogeneous (synchronized) state. We then report on the first observation of DS that form in the phase of the optical wave : dissipative phase solitons
Rimoldi, Cristina. "Événements extrêmes dans des cavités optiques non linéaires étendues." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4095/document.
Full textExtreme events are phenomena, often considered as catastrophic, that occur in the tail of a distribution usually deviating from an expected, exponential decay. In optics, these events were first studied in the context of fibers, where they have been extensively analyzed, as optical rogue waves, in light of the well known analogy between optics and hydrodynamics, through the nonlinear Schroedinger equation. With the development and the broadening of the field, extreme events have been also studied in dissipative optical systems with or without spatial degrees of freedom. In this Thesis we focused on the study of extreme events in three different active and dissipative optical systems, each presenting one or two spatial degrees of freedom, either in the transverse plane, perpendicular to the direction of propagation of light, or in the propagation direction. Localized structures of different nature represent an important possible solution in each one of the systems here studied, hence their interaction and the role played in the formation of extreme events have been also investigated into details. In the first system, a monolithic broad-area semiconductor laser (VCSEL) with an intracavity saturable absorber, we report on the occurrence of extreme events in the 2D transverse plane of the electric field intensity. In particular we highlight the connection between these objects and cavity solitons, both stationary and oscillatory, also present in the system. In the second system, a highly multimode laser with optical injection spatially extended along the propagation direction, we analyze the interaction and merging of phase solitons, localized structures propagating along the cavity carrying a 2π phase rotation. Extreme events have been investigated in two configurations: a first one where they emerge from the collision of phase solitons with other transient structures carrying a negative chiral charge, and a second one where high-peak events emerge from an unstable roll regime where phase solitons are not a stable solution. In both these systems we investigate the role of chirality in the extreme event formation. In the third system, a broad-area semiconductor laser (VCSEL) with optical injection, we study into details the interaction of cavity solitons in the transverse plane, described as two particles subjected to an interaction potential exponentially decreasing with the distance between the two objects: a possible analogy with hydrophobic materials is here suggested. Some preliminary results showing spatiotemporal extreme events in this system are also given
De, Syamsundar. "Noise in dual-frequency semiconductor and solid-state lasers." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112114/document.
Full textCoherent sources emitting two optical frequencies with a widely tunable frequency difference lying in the radio-frequency range and having a high degree of correlation between their fluctuations can be useful for numerous applications such as microwave photonics, ultra-stable atomic clocks, atom manipulation and probing, metrology, etc. Dual-frequency lasers, which emit two orthogonal linearly polarized modes with a frequency difference lying in the radio-frequency range, have huge potentials for the above mentioned applications. We compare the characteristics of such dual-frequency oscillation in lasers based on either semiconductor (VECSEL: vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser) or solid-state active media (mainly Nd3+, or Er3+ doped crystalline host). Apart from the obvious difference between the gain mechanisms in semiconductor and solid-state laser media, the dual-frequency VECSEL and the dual-frequency Nd:YAG laser exhibit different dynamical behaviors. The dual-frequency VECSELs exhibit relaxation oscillation free class-A dynamics as the photon lifetime inside the cavity is longer than the population inversion lifetime. On the contrary, the dual-frequency Nd:YAG lasers obey class-B dynamics linked with the fact that the photon lifetime inside the cavity is shorter than the population inversion lifetime, leading to the existence of relaxation oscillations. In this thesis, we figure out how the laser dynamics, in addition to the nonlinear coupling between the two laser modes, governs different noise phenomena in dual-frequency lasers. In particular, we demonstrate, both experimentally and theoretically, the influence of the laser dynamics and the nonlinear coupling between the two modes on the laser noise, by analyzing the spectral properties of the different noises (intensity, phase) and their correlation in a class-A dual-frequency VECSEL (vertical-external-cavity surface emitting laser) and a class-B dual-frequency Nd:YAG laser. Moreover, the noise correlation results are interpreted in terms of the linear response of two coupled damped oscillators
Mercier, Emeric. "High-frequency nonlinear dynamics of a laser diode with phase-conjugate feedback." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SUPL0010/document.
Full textWe study the influence of phase-conjugate feedback in a laser diode. This type of feedback has not been studied a lot and yet we show here that it can give interesting results. It unlocks oscillations at high frequencies. This could lead to an improvement in the performance of random number generators based on optical chaos
Ghalgaoui, Ahmed. "Adsorption et dynamique femtoseconde de molécules de CO adsorbées sur des nanoparticules épitaxiées : sonde optique non linéaire, effet de taille et de support." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692450.
Full textDoutte, Anne. "Étude expérimentale et théorique de la dynamique des lasers Raman à fibre optique." Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10158.
Full textGiglio, Eric. "Dynamique moléculaire dans les agrégats métalliques fortement excités: Approche semiclassique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003663.
Full textElkharrat, Caroline. "Dynamique de photoionisation et de photofragmentation de petites molécules non-linéaires : du rayonnement synchrotron aux impulsions lasers femtosecondes." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112382.
Full textThis thesis deals with the extension of the vector correlation (VC) method to the study of the photoionization (PI) dynamics of small non-linear molecules like CH₃Cl, CF₃I and NO₂ for two kinds of light excitation: on the one hand the C 1s and Cl 2p inner-shell photoionization of CH₃Cl induced by X-ray synchrotron radiation, and on the other hand the valence shell PI of CF₃I and NO₂ induced by femtosecond laser pulses. The CV method leads to two main observables: the kinetic energy correlation diagrams and the photoelectron angular distributions of fixed in space molecules, so-called Recoil Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions (RFPADs) in PI of non-linear molecules. That observable gives the most complete access to the transition moments describing the photoionization dynamics. The unified formalism developed by R. Lucchese (Texas A&M) enables the determination of the RFPADs for the PI of C₂v and C₃v molecules. The results obtained for multiphoton ionization of NO₂, highlighting the production of the (NO⁺-O⁻) ion pair, contribute to the understanding of the reaction pathways leading to the photolysis of this molecule whose electronic and nuclear dynamics is known to be complex
Wang, Cheng. "Modulation dynamics of InP-based quantum dot lasers and quantum cascade lasers." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0009/document.
Full textHigh performance semiconductor lasers are strongly demanded in the rapidly increasing optical communication networks. Low dimensional nanostructure lasers are expected to be substitutes of their quantum well (Qwell) counterparts in the next-generation of energy-saving and high-bandwidth telecommunication optical links. Many efforts have been devoted during the past years to achieve nanostructure lasers with broad modulation bandwidth, low frequency chirp, and reduced linewidth enhancement factor. Particularly, 1.55-μm InP-based quantum dash (Qdash)/dot (Qdot) lasers are preferable for long-haul transmissions in contrast to the 1.3-μm laser sources. In this dissertation, we investigate the dynamic characteristics of InPbased nanostructure semiconductor lasers operating under direct current modulation, including the amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM) modulation responses, the linewidth enhancement factor (also known as α-factor), as well as large-signal modulation responses. Using a semi-analytical analysis of the rate equation model, it is found that the modulation bandwidth of the quantum dot laser is strongly limited by the finite carrier capture and relaxation rates. In order to study the α- factor and chirp properties of the quantum dot laser, we develop an improved rate equation model, which takes into account the contribution of carrier populations in off-resonant states to the refractive index change. It is demonstrated that the α-factor of quantum dot lasers is strongly dependent on the pump current as well as the modulation frequency, in comparison to the case of Qwell lasers. The α-factor remains constant at low modulation frequencies (<0.1 GHz) and higher than the value derived at high modulation frequencies (beyond several GHz) from the FM/AM technique. These unique features are mostly attributed to the carrier populations in off-resonant states. Further simulations show that the α-factor can be reduced by enlarging the energy separation between the resonant ground state (GS) and off-resonant states. Lasing from the excited state (ES) can be a promising alternative to enhance the laser’s dynamic performance. The laser exhibits a broader modulation response and the α-factor can be reduced by as much as 40%. The optical injection technique is attractive to improve the laser’s dynamical performance, including bandwidth enhancement and chirp reduction. These are demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. The phase-amplitude coupling property is altered as well in comparison with the free-running laser and the optical gain depends on the injection strength and the frequency detuning. This work proposes a new method derived from the Hakki-Paoli method, enabling to measure the α-factor of semiconductor lasers under optical injection both below and above threshold. In addition, it is demonstrated theoretically that the α-factor in nanostructure lasers exhibits a threshold discontinuity, which is mainly attributed to the unclamped carrier populations in the off-resonant states. It is a fundamental limitation, preventing the reduction of the α-factor towards zero. Quantum cascade (QC) lasers rely on intersubband electronic transitions in multi-quantum well heterostructures. QC lasers show flat broadband AM response (tens of GHz) without resonance, which constitutes promising features for free-space communications. Surprisingly, calculations show that the QC laser exhibits an ultrabroad FM bandwidth on the order of tens of THz, about three orders of magnitude larger than the AM bandwidth. Optically injection-locked QC lasers also exhibit specific characteristics by comparison to interband semiconductor lasers. Both positive and negative frequency detunings enhance the modulation bandwidth
Virte, Martin. "Two-mode dynamics and switching in quantum dot lasers." Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0020/document.
Full textIn this thesis, I study the nonlinear dynamics induced by the competition between two modes in quantum dot laser systems.First, I focus on the competition between polarization modes that takes place in quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). It is well-known that these devices can exhibit polarization instabilities leading to rich dynamical evolution. Recently, a new peculiar random-like hopping between two non-orthogonal elliptically polarized states has been highlighted in QD VCSELs. This behavior shows intriguing features which clearly call for a different interpretation. In this thesis, I show that the dynamical behavior reported experimentally can accurately be reproduced within the spin-flip model (SFM) framework. In particular, I demonstrate and confirm experimentally that the peculiar random-like hoppings are in fact deterministic low-dimensional chaotic fluctuations, i.e. ``Polarization Chaos''. I then make a proof-of-concept demonstration of a high-speed random bit generator based on polarization chaos, hence demonstrating that the chaotic dynamics uncovered is relevant for optical chaos-based applications.Secondly, I investigate the effects of an external optical feedback on quantum dot lasers emitting simultaneously from the ground and the excited states. I bring new light on the impact of optical feedback and the corresponding mechanisms and bifurcations. I highlight theoretically that optical feedback globally favors the ground state emission, but also that it can be used to switch from one mode to the other when changing the feedback rate and/or the time-delay. In addition, I experimentally report switching between the ground and excited states when varying the external cavity length at the micrometer scale, which supports the theoretical predictions
Romain, Rudy. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle dans un piège magnéto-optique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10163/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of laser cooled atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Recent works have shown that in the multiple scattering regime, an atomic cloud can have an unstable behavior without external modulation of the system. Nevertheless, these instabilities have not yet been modeled in a satisfactory way. A new configuration of the MOT has been built up as a possible way to study instabilities in only one direction. This trap, called anisotropic MOT, is not made of laser beams with the same laser frequencies along each direction of space. It exhibits the strong couplings between the directions of the trap, with the result that it cannot be used to reduce the number of directions in which instabilities grow up. However, this study can be considered as a new step to a better 3D description of the MOT physics. In particular, it gives us a way to measure the probability that a scattered photon is reabsorbed inside the atomic cloud. This quantity is a characteristic of the MOT but it has never been measured so far. We also develop a 1D spatio-temporal model of the MOT. It consists in a set of coupled nonlinear equations linking the atomic density and the laser intensities. This set contains a Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation which is used to model a lot of systems in various fields and not only in physics. Numerical simulations have been done in a simple case. In the experiment, the use of a fast video camera allows us to observe the spatial structure of one type of instabilities, the so-called stochastic instabilities
Thon, Raphaël. "Dynamique vibrationnelle de métaux-carbonyles pièges en matrice cryogénique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842721.
Full textLebental, Mélanie. "Chaos quantique et micro-lasers organiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194350.
Full textL'originalité de notre étude repose sur l'utilisation de matériaux organiques à faibles indices de réfraction qui facilite le couplage avec l'extérieur de la lumière piégée dans la cavité. Ces billards ouverts présentent des caractéristiques génériques très différentes de celles attendues pour des systèmes équivalents fermés. En particulier, le lien entre optiques géométrique et ondulatoire s'est révélé beaucoup plus étroit.
Nos études expérimentales ont concerné les directions d'émission et les spectres. Pour les premières, nous avons proposé un modèle analytique dans le cas de cavités chaotiques. Concernant les spectres, nous avons développé une méthode d'analyse qui extrait les longueurs géométriques des orbites périodiques. Ce procédé s'avère très efficace pour tester les prédictions théoriques (formule de trace). Par ailleurs, un modèle ondulatoire pour les cavités polygonales ainsi qu'une approche perturbative adaptée aux déformations continues du disque ont été validés par des simulations numériques.
Amir, Wafa. "Spectroscopie infrarouge résolue en temps pour l'étude de la dynamique femtoseconde du proton en phase liquide." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000700.
Full textHuang, Heming. "Optical nonlinearities in quantum dot lasers for high-speed communications." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0012/document.
Full textThe recent evolution of optical communication systems is such that the transfer of massive amounts of information is no longer limited to long-distance transoceanic links or backbone networks. Numerous short-reach applications requiring high data throughputs are emerging, not only in access networks, where upgrades of the bit rate of fiber-to-the-home systems need to be anticipated, but also in data center networks where huge amounts of information may need to be exchanged between servers, in part triggered by the rise of big data applications. The new requirements in terms of cost and energy consumption set by novel short-reach applications therefore need to be considered in the design and operation of a new generation of semiconductor laser sources. Owing to the tight quantum confinement of carriers, quantum dot lasers constitute a class of oscillators exhibiting superior characteristics such as a lower operating threshold, a better thermal stability as well as larger optical nonlinearities. The investigation of quantum dot lasers operating under external perturbations allows probing such optical nonlinearities in the view of developing all-optical wavelength-converters with improved performance as well as optical feedback-resistant transmitters. This last point iseven more critical since it is expected that short-reach links making use of directly modulated sources will experience massive deployment in the near future, in contrast to conventional backbone links where the number of required optoelectronic interfaces remains relatively modest. In order to do so, the thesis reports on novel findings in GaAs- and InP-based quantum dot lasers such as improved bandwidth and conversion efficiency under optical injection and various complex dynamics with delayed quantum dot oscillators emitting on different lasing states. Last but not the least, the massive deployment of coherent systems as well as the realization of future chip-scale atomic clocks require the implementation of optical sources with narrow spectral linewidth otherwise the sensitivity to the phase noise of both transmitters and local oscillators can strongly affect the bit error rates at the receiver. This is another objective to be addressed in the thesis where the benefits of the quantum dot technology has allowed to reach a spectral linewidth as low as 160 kHz (100 kHz under optical feedback) which is of paramount importance not only regarding the aforementioned applications
Andral, Ugo. "Algorithme d'évolution pour laser à fibre optique en régime d'impulsions courtes." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS050/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the generation of ultrashort pulses within a fiber laser cavity through the automatic optimization of its parameters by an evolutionary algorithm. The interest of this subject comes from the difficulty to systematically explore dynamics in a large domain of experimental parameters. We have shown that it is possible to implement an evolutionary algorithm on fiber laser cavity with appropriate precautions. We have experimentally demonstrated for the first time the mode locking of a laser cavity only using the optimization of polarization controllers through an automatic and self-learning procedure. We also have demonstrated that selecting the mode locking from it radio-frequency spectrum allow to select the pulses repetition rate within the cavity. These preliminary results show the promising aspect of our method used in situations of non linear ultrafast dynamics with high complexity which are particularly sensitive to parameters
Duan, Jianan. "Dynamic and nonlinear properties of quantum dot lasers for photonic integrated circuits on silicon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT050.
Full textSilicon photonics have been introduced to overcome low efficiency and high energy consumption of telecom links using twisted pairs or coaxial cables. This technology provides novel functionality and high performance for applications in high speed communication systems, short reach optical interconnects, and the deployment of optical links from chipto-chip, board-to-board or rack-to-rack (datacom). Silicon is known as a very efficient semiconductor material for waveguiding light in particular owing to the strong index contrast with silica. However, the indirect bandgap of silicon makes light emission from silicon inefficient, and other techniques such as wafer- or flipchip bonding must be investigated if light emission is to be realized. The drawbacks of such heterogeneous integration concentrate on the high cost and the limited scalability. Lasers heterogeneously integrated on silicon are also more sensitive to optical reflections originating from the transition between passive/active interfaces. The best way to overcome these drawbacks is to move on to direct epitaxial growth of IIIV materials on silicon for photonics integration. In this context, quantum dot lasers using semiconductor atoms as a gain medium are ideal because they enable smaller devices, amplification with large thermal stability and high tolerance to epitaxial defects. Ultra-low noise optical transmitters are required not only for the coherent systems but also for future chipscale atomic clocks and radar related applications because of the sensitivity to the frequency noise and intensity noise can strongly affect the bit error rates. To this end, the first part of the thesis reports an intrinsic spectral linewidth as low as 80 kHz and a relative intensity noise less than - 150 dB/Hz in InAs/InP quantum dot lasers. In particular, it is shown that a small vertical coupling is more suitable for low intensity noise operation due to the suppression of the carrier noise in the excited state. The second part of the thesis investigates the dynamic and nonlinear properties of epitaxial quantum dot lasers on silicon. As mentioned above, lasers heterogeneously integrated on silicon are more sensitive to parasitic reflections. When combined with external optical feedback, the laser stability can be dramatically affected. As no on-chip optical isolators integrated with lasers and having sufficient isolation ratio exist, the development of feedback insensitive transmitters remains a major objective. This thesis presents an error-free transmission of an epitaxial quantum dot laser on silicon externally modulated at 10 Gb/s and subjected to 100% optical feedback. Such remarkable feedback insensitivity directly results from the near-zero linewidth enhancement factor, the large damping factor, the strong contrast between the ground state and excited states and a shorter carrier lifetime. These results pave the way for future high-performance photonics integrated circuits on silicon operating without optical isolators
Ouali, Mardia. "Contribution à l’étude de la dynamique dans de nouvelles cavités optiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10200.
Full textThe work of this thesis consists of two parts:Part 1We are interested in non-linear light propagation in planar cells of nematic liquid crystal mixed with a dye. The non-linear effect is considered to be a thermal effect. Then, we are interested in improving the fluorescence emitted by the dye.We conclude that to improve the fluorescence spectrum, we need to use a source propagating in soliton mode, to optimize the distance between the excitation optical fiber and the collecting one and to add the gold nanoparticles to the liquid crystal. This improvement of fluorescence spectrum will pave the way for the creation of a dye laser assisted with soliton propagation.Part 2We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of a ring cavity filled with a non-instantaneous Kerr-type medium and pumped by a coherent beam. We first carried out an analytical study to determine the types of instabilities and their thresholds. Then, a numerical study is carried out to observe the evolution of the field in the cavity. We show the existence of periodic and localized structures
Coulibaly, Saliya. "Solitons dissipatifs des oscillateurs paramétriques optiques : instabilités convectives / absolues et effets non-linéaires du walk-off." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d024cfb0-ee26-498b-ab7b-6368ac8e4f07.
Full textKhuong, Anaïs. "Modèle comportemental de la dynamique de construction de la structure épigée du nid chez la fourmi Lasius niger : approches expérimentales et théoriques." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2414/.
Full textEpigenous part of the nest in the ant Lasius niger is a typical example of sponge-like structures built by social insects. It results from accumulated tiny pellets of material which are picked up, moved and dropped by individuals. We show experimentally that these structured patterns emerge from a coordination of individual decisions mediated by the evolving density of material: they pick up more often in depleted zones and drop preferentially in high-density zones. This self-organized process allows random fluctuations in early material density field to be amplified through time. The building then evolves towards a sponge-like structure, so that the surface displays slopes and curvatures, which might in turn affect motion decisions. In late stage, the coupling between density and behavioral decisions is then intricated with coupling between geometry and motion. For the latter, we designed the Generalized Boltzmann Walker model so as to integrate local geometry with random walk. We demonstrate experimentally its relevance for the effect of slopes. Eventually, we analyze the whole process within an analysis of net exchange of material between pairs of locations. We confirm then some results obtained by classical linear stability analysis, and explain essential properties of those dynamics in terms of measured individual behaviors and cognitive properties
Doumbia, Yaya. "Optical injection dynamics and polarization properties of semiconductor lasers frequency combs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CentraleSupélec, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CSUP0008.
Full textIn this work, we study the nonlinear dynamics of laser diodes optically injected with frequency combs.We first theoretically and experimentally analyze the nonlinear dynamics of edge-emitting lasers (EELs) from an optical injection of frequency combs. The injection parameters and injected comb properties are varied to unveil several locked and unlocked dynamics. For large enough injection strength and over a large detuning range, the injection locking bifurcates to a time-periodic dynamics corresponding to an optical frequency comb that extends the injected comb to a much broader optical spectrum. A bifurcation analysis reveals a cascade harmonic frequency comb dynamics leading to a significant increase in the output comb lines. We have also used the injection parameters, comb properties, and injection current to control the new comb properties. We secondly analyze the nonlinear dynamics and polarization properties in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) subject to orthogonal optical injection with frequency combs experimentally. Most importantly, the VCSEL shows two frequency combs with orthogonal polarization from a single device for some injection parameters. We also demonstrate the possibility to control the single or two polarizations comb repetition rate through harmonic frequency combs generation. We finally present experimentally and theoretically the VCSEL injection dynamics from parallel optical frequency comb injection. We show that the two polarizations combperformance is restricted to high current injection in the case of parallel optical injection. For fixed bias current, the two polarization comb dynamics disappear when increasing the injected comb spacing.This thesis therefore demonstrates besides its interest for nonlinear laser dynamics, optical injection is a technique to harness the comb properties in laser diodes
Cornet, Charles. "propriétés électroniques, optiques et dynamiques de boites quantiques auto-organisées et couplées sur substrat InP." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132644.
Full textLe chapitre 0 est une introduction détaillée à la physique des boites quantiques. Cette partie mets en évidence les motivations et les enjeux scientifiques liés à l'étude des boites quantiques, et en particulier dans le système InAs/InP. Les principes de fabrication des boites quantiques par épitaxie par jet moléculaire sont également détaillés.
Le chapitre 1 présente une étude théorique des boites quantiques sur substrat InP. Ces boites sont tout d'abord étudiées à l'aide d'une méthode de calcul de type k•p à huit bandes. L'influence de la composition de la boite quantique (InAs ou InAsSb), ainsi que celle de l'orientation du substrat ((311)B ou (100)) sur les propriétés optiques des ces boites est ainsi analysée. Des solutions sont ainsi proposées pour l'utilisation de telles boites quantiques comme sources laser pour les applications télécom (1.5 µm), ou encore pour la détection de gaz, ou les transmissions en espace libre (entre 2 et 5 µm).
Dans le chapitre 2, les boites quantiques sont étudiées expérimentalement. De nombreuses techniques de spectroscopie ont été utilisées (photoluminescence, magnéto-photoluminescence, spectroscopie d'absorption) afin de déterminer les constantes fondamentales de nos boites quantiques. Ainsi, le coefficient d'absorption, le rayon de Bohr de l'exciton, sa masse effective et son énergie de liaison sont mesurés dans le système InAs/InP, ainsi que les écarts énergétiques entre les états fondamentaux et excités de boites quantiques. Il est ainsi démontré expérimentalement que l'utilisation d'un alliage quaternaire InGaAsP est plus adapté pour les applications laser que l'alliage binaire InP.
Le couplage latéral de boites quantiques est étudié à la fois expérimentalement et théoriquement dans le chapitre 3. Lorsque l'alliage quaternaire InGaAsP est utilisé avec des conditions de croissance optimisées, une très haute densité de boites quantiques peut être obtenue, avec une bonne organisation de ces boites dans le plan de croissance. Une nouvelle méthode de calcul dans l'espace réciproque a été développée afin de simuler un tel super-réseau de boites quantiques. Ces calculs prédisent qu'il peut exister un couplage latéral entre ces boites quantiques pour de si fortes densités. Des expériences de magnéto-photoluminescence, de photoluminescence et d'électroluminescence sont utilisées afin de mettre en évidence ce couplage latéral. L'influence de ce couplage sur la redistribution des porteurs de charge dans les composants laser est discutée. Il est montré qu'un régime de couplage judicieusement choisi permet d'améliorer les performances des lasers à boite quantique.
Finalement, des expériences pompe-sonde sur les boites quantiques InAs/InP sont présentées dans le chapitre 4. Les temps de vie radiatifs des niveaux d'énergie de boites quantiques sont mesurées. Une interprétation de ces mesures est donnée en terme de durée de vie de l'exciton et du biexciton dans nos boites quantiques, et les conséquences de ces mesures sur le comportement dynamique des composants lasers à base de boites quantiques sont discutées.
Des conclusions et des perspectives à ce travail de thèse sont enfin présentées, ainsi que la bibliographie utilisée comme support et point de départ de ce travail de thèse.
Singh, Kamal Priya. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des résonances stochastiques et interactions entre bruits dans un laser vectoriel bistable : applications à la bascule de Schmitt et à la dynamique du climat." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S007.
Full textRolle, Jérémie. "Étude de la dynamique plasma dans la filamentation laser induite dans les verres de silice en présence de rétrodiffusion Brillouin stimulée et dans les cristaux de KDP." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112195/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the role of an inertial plasma reponse produced by laser pulses in self-focusing regime. Self-focusing is coupled with Brillouin nonlinearities for nanosecond pulses in silica glasses. For femtosecond pulses propagating in KDP crystals, self-focusing excites various ionization chanels. First of all, we derive the propagation equations for the pump and Stokes waves, subjected to filamentation due to optical Kerr effect, stimulated Brillouin scattering and plasma generation. In the second part, we present numerical results on the nonlinear propagation of LIL laser beams. These results show that temporal distribution of the pump pulse play a key role in the competition between self-focusing and stimulated Brillouin scattering. These preliminary results valide the anti-Brillouin system opted on the MegaJoule laser (LMJ) on the basis of milimetric-size laser beam.In a third part, we present numerical and theoretical results on the filamentation in fused silica of nanosecond light pulses operating in ultraviolet and infrared range. Emphasis is put on the action of a dynamical plasma reponse on two counterpropagating waves. For a single wave, we develop a variational analysis which reproduces global propagation features for a quasistationary balance between self-focusing and plasma defocusing. However, such a quasistionary balance ceases to clean up modulational instabilites induced by plasma retroaction on the pump wave. We show that phase modulations supress both simulated Brillouin scattering and plasma instabilities. The robustness of phase modulations is evaluated in presence of random fluctuations in the input pump pulse profile.Finally, we study numerically the nonlinear propagation of femtosecond pulses in fused silica and KDP. First, we show that the presence of defects involving less photons for exciting electrons from the valence band to the conduction band promotes higher filamentation intensity levels. Then, we compare the filamentation dynamic in silica and KDP crystal. The ionization model for KDP crystal takes into account the presence of defects and the electron-hole dynamics. We show that the propagation dynamics in silica and KDP are almost identical at equivalent ratios of input power over the critical power self-focusing.The summary of this thesis recalls the original results obtained and discusses the possibility of future developments
Higuet, Julien. "Etudes structurelles et dynamiques de systèmes atomiques ou moléculaires par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14078/document.
Full textHigh harmonic generation is a well known phenomenon explained by a “three step” model: because of the high intensity field generated by an ultrashort laser pulse, an atom or a molecule can be tunnel ionized. The ejected electron is then accelerated by the intense electric field, and eventually can recombine on its parent ion, leading to the emission of a XUV photon. Because of the generating process in itself, this light source is a promising candidate to probe the electronic structure of atoms and molecules, with an attosecond/sub-nanometer potential resolution (1 as=10-18 s).In this work, we have studied the sensitivity of the emitted light (in terms of amplitude, but also phase and polarization) towards the electronic structure of the generating medium. We have first worked on atomic medium, then on molecules (N2, CO2, O2). Comparing the experimental results with numerical simulations shows the necessity to model finely the generation process and to go beyond commonly used approximations.We have also shown the possibility to perform high harmonic spectroscopy in order to measure dynamics of complex molecules, such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). This technic has obtained complementary results compared to classical spectroscopy and has revealed dynamics of the electronic wavepacket along a conical intersection. In this experiment, we have adapted conventionnal optical spectroscopy technics to the XUV spectral area, which significantly improved the signal over noise ratio
Boulnois, Arnaud. "Étude en théorie des lasers : application au laser à fibre optique et au laser multimode longitudinal." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10203.
Full textDans la seconde partie, nous privilegions l'aspect multimode comme source d'instabilites. Pour cette nouvelle approche, nous utilisons le modele de bloch-maxwell pour un laser multimode et desaccorde en frequence. L'etude complete de ce systeme ne pouvant etre conduite par les methodes habituelles, nous mettons en oeuvre des theories plus originales. La premiere consiste a redefinir l'approximation du laser de classe b afin de faire apparaitre un petit parametre. Puis, par des operations arithmetiques, nous transformons le modele dans le but d'en extraire une solution oscillante particuliere et de determiner son seuil d'existence. Enfin, nous reconstruisons les solutions a partir de ce point de bifurcation a l'aide d'un developpement perturbatif et d'une definition de nouvelles echelles de temps et d'espace
Minotti, Angelot. "Contribution à la mesure aéroacoustique par vélocimétrie laser Doppler." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ESAE0017.
Full textRoussel, Éléonore. "Spatio-temporal dynamics of relativistic electron bunches during the microbunching instability : study of the Synchrotron SOLEIL and UVSOR storage rings." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10067/document.
Full textRelativistic electron bunches circulating in storage rings are used to produce intense radiation from far-infrared to X-rays. However, above a density threshold value, the interaction between the electron bunch and its own radiation can lead to a spatio-temporal instability called microbunching instability. This instability is characterized by a strong emission of coherent THz radiation (typically 105 times stronger than the classical synchrotron radiation) which is a signature of the presence of microstructures (at mm scale) in the electron bunch. This instability is known to be a fundamental limitation of the operation of synchrotron light sources at high beam current. In this thesis, we have focused on this instability from a nonlinear dynamics point of view by combining experimental studies carried out at the Synchrotron SOLEIL and UVSOR storage rings with numerical studies mainly based on the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation. In a first step, due to the very indirect nature of the experimental observations, we have sought to deduce information on the microstructure wavenumber either by looking at the temporal evolution of the THz signal emitted during the instability or by studying the response of the electron bunch to a laser perturbation. In a second step, we have achieved direct, real time observations of the microstructures dynamics through two new, very different, detection techniques: a thin-film superconductor-based detector at UVSOR, and a spectrally-encoded electro-optic detection technique at SOLEIL. These new available experimental observations have allowed severe comparisons with the theoretical models
Karsaklian, dal Bosco Andreas. "Chaos and high-frequency self-pulsations in a laser diode with phase-conjugate feedback." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00963630.
Full textSchiavoni, Michele. "DYNAMIQUE DES ATOMES DANS UN RESEAU OPTIQUE DISSIPATIF : MODES DE PROPAGATION, RESONANCE STOCHASTIQUE, DIFFUSION DIRIGEE." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003129.
Full textNous reportons l'observation directe des modes de propagation Brillouin par imagerie et nous étudions le lien avec la résonance optique que l'on observe dans les spectres pompe-sonde. Nous montrons l'existence de modes noirs, pour lesquels un mode de propagation est excité sans qu'il soit détectable par spectroscopie.
Nous utilisons les réseaux optiques comme système modèle pour la physique statistique. Nous montrons l'existence d'une résonance stochastique pour l'excitation du mode de propagation Brillouin.
Enfin, nous reportons l'observation d'une diffusion dirigée d'atomes dans un potentiel périodique symétrique, obtenue grâce à la brisure de la symétrie temporelle du système.
Saez, Robert Esteban. "Interaction dynamique non-linéaire sol-structure." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453297.
Full textChaâbani, Saïd. "Dynamique non-linéaire d'un dirigeable flexible." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0008/document.
Full textThe autonomous flying machines interest more and more the community of the mechanics and the control engineers.The researches on this subject is intensified in these last decades. In one hand the development of technologies makes it possible to consider innovating concepts, and on the other hand it is a question of extending operational capabilities of these machines to be able to carry out more complex missions.Nevertheless, certain technical difficulties must be mastered, in particular the study of the effect of structural flexibility, consideration of the aerodynamic phenomena, and the design of adequate control laws.The autonomous airships are part of this class of machines promised a bright future in particular in the field of sustainable development or the monitoring.The design of airships is often characterized by its classicism. The researchers often avoided the inherent mathematical complexities of the non-ellipsoidal shapes. But in order to optimize the performances of these machines, various original forms were proposed these last years, in particular by the network DIRISOFT-FRANCE whose airship MC500 represents the support of my work.In this context, this manuscript focuses on the modeling and control of a flexible airship characterized by its flying wing shape.We will study initially the kinematic and dynamic modeling of the airship in its “rigid” form, and in a second step, we will include the study of its flexibility taking into account, in both cases, the aerodynamic efforts. We admit that these flying machines undergo large displacements and small elastic deformation.The phenomenon of the added masses is also taken into account. An analytical study of this phenomenon was developed for the case of the rigid configuration and similarly for the case of the flexible configuration in large displacements. The study is based on the concept of the velocity potential of the fluid, and the development of the kinetic energy of the fluid under the effect of an overall motion of the airship. This method made it possible to seek solutions with the problem of Dirichlet through the search for functions satisfying the Laplace equation for fluids interacting with a structure. We assume that the complex shape of the airship is able to be initially approximate by a truncated cone of elliptic section. Consequently, the study of the velocity potential of the fluid around the airship led to the famous equations of Lamé that have to be solved by taking account of certain assumptions. A complete non-linear dynamic model of the airship could therefore be established.A study on the control law is carried out on the “rigid” model of the airship by two approaches: The first is linear. It is based on the linearized tangent model. The second is multi-model and based on the quasi-LPV (linear parameter varying) representation. This approach enables us to put the airship in a polytope well defined by its summits. We thus obtained, by this approach, a space of convergence of the airship towards a desired point.This q-LPV approach also enables us to express the non-linear dynamic model of the airship by means of linear subsystems, and we solve these subsystems by the LMI formulation (linear matrix inequality).The study of the robustness of the control laws chosen by the approach q-LPV was drawn up and proven for this system in the presence of uncertainties on the parameters of the airship as well as noise of measurements of the states of this flying machine. Numerical simulations are presented justifying the theoretical results obtained, and a critical analysis of these two approaches are presented
Higuet, Julien. "Études structurelles et dynamiques de systèmes atomiques ou moléculaires par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555111.
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