Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamique récente'
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Andriatsiaronandroy, onjanamboa Ricardo. "Dynamique récente d'évolution des mangroves de la région de Toliara (Madagascar)." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0070.
Full textMangroves have many ecological, socio-economic and climate change mitigation values and functions vital for the littoral populations around the world and in Madagascar.This richness induce them intense exploitation, subjecting to strong natural and anthropogenic pressures. However in Madagascar "the mangroves are very poorly understood and we do not have the elements necessary for a good diagnosis", while they are presented as of perpetual regression in the Madagascar Southwest region. This study aims at identifying, mapping and quantifying the evolution (since 1949) of 5 mangrove’s sites in the Southwest : Manombo-Fitsitike, Ambondrolava, Ankiembe, Sarodrano and Andriambe. It also aims the diagnosis of the different factors of evolution putting in perspective the anthropogenic and natural pressures. To achieve these objectives, two approaches were adopted : geomatics based on the diachronic analysis of Spot images from1987, 1998, 2012 and 2014 associated with aerial photographs (1949) and field work with floristic inventories, physico-chemical measurements, particle size analyzes of substrates and surveys. The results show complex and contrasting trend evolution’s dynamics between growth, stability and regression. In the end, based on the knowledge gained on the mangroves dynamic over more than 60 years, it is possible to make available to all a tool to help decision-making and sustainable and adequate management to protect and conserve these ecosystems, particularly in the context of climate change that will impact natural changes and anthropogenic forcing
Sue, Christian. "Dynamique actuelle et récente des Alpes occidentales internes : Approche structurale et sismologique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463852.
Full textThibault, Simon. "Dynamique récente des tourbières ombrotrophes pergélisolées à leur limite nordique de répartition." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23653/23653.pdf.
Full textArlen-Pouliot, Yann. "Développement holocène et dynamique récente des tourbières minérotrophes structurées du haut-boréal québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26202/26202.pdf.
Full textIoana-Toroimac, Gabriela. "La dynamique hydrogéomorphologique de la rivière Prahova (Roumanie) : fonctionnement actuel, évolution récente et conséquences géographiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10091/document.
Full textThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better knowledge of the Carpathian rivers' dynamics using a hydrogeomorphological approach, based on the analysis of cartographic documents, field observations and discharge data series. This approach is applied to the Prahova River. In 1900, Prahova River was creating: a sector of sinuous channel with braiding tendency in the Carpathians, a sector of braided channels in the Subcarpathians and in the piedmont Plain of Ploiesti which were turning into wandering channels on the last kilometres of the same plain and a sector of meandering channels in the subsidence Plain of Gherghita-Sarata. Between 1900 and 2005, the braidplain migrated laterally, narrowed and incised locally, thus favouring the emergence and development of a riparian forest. These processes endanger the transport infrastructure following Prahova valley in the Carpathians and in the Subcarpathians. The meanders which were cutt-off between 1855 and 1980 keep inside oxbow swamps; after 1980, the free and anchored meandering channel became less active. In the meandering sector, the frequency of the bankfull discharge exceeds 3 years and the decennial floods endanger the residential areas. This evolution is the consequence of the environmental changes and of the human interventions in the Prahova catchment after 1970. In conclusion, it is necessary to protect the Prahova River’s freedom space and to take into account the principle of longitudinal connectivity in order to prevent the river dynamics risk and to preserve the fluvial landscape diversity and the alluvial wetlands
de, Lafontaine Guillaume. "Origine holocène et dynamique récente des pessières d'épinette blanche et des sapinières subalpines dans l'Est du Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27387/27387.pdf.
Full textLafontaine, Guillaume de. "Origine holocène et dynamique récente des pessières d'épinette blanche et des sapinières subalpines dans l'est du Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21430.
Full textVeilleux, Samuel. "Processus gravitaires dans la vallée Tasiapik (Nunavik) : témoins géomorphologiques de la dynamique de versant récente et passée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37370.
Full textThis research project was conducted near Umiujaq (Nunavik) to document the main gravitational processes that occur on the slopes of Tasiapik Valley. 18 talus slopes on the southwest and northeast sides of the valley were characterized using topographic, granulometric, morphometric petrographic and vegetation surveys. Results show that talus formation in the valley is an ancient phenomena, due to paraglacial processes, and recent - and still ongoing – periglacial processes. This is evidenced by different development stages among the talus slopes, with fresh and very old debris covering the slopes, as well as contrasting slope topographies. On a shorter and more recent time scale, from August 2017 to July 2018, snow avalanches have proven to be a major process, as observed on the 14,000 photographs obtained using three automatic timelapse cameras installed in the summer of 2017. Snow avalanches were often triggered by a collapsing snow-cornice and were very frequent in the spring of 2018 due to favourable meteorological conditions such as a rapid increase in daily temperatures and abundant rainfall events. Dirty snow-avalanche deposits have shown the great erosive capacity of these snow avalanches, thus their important debris supply toward the talus slopes. In some cases, runout zones were located only a few meters from the road below, thus showing the potential risk for people travelling on the road
Mounkaila, Harouna. "Migrations, environnement et santé au Niger : dynamique récente des migrations Songhai-Zarma dans le département de Tillaberi (ouest du Niger)." Bordeaux 3, 1999. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=1999BOR30029.
Full textPerrineau, Aude. "Evolution morphologique et tectonique récente des marges NE et SE du plateau tibétain : lien avec la dynamique des grands fleuves." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GLOB0007.
Full textOuld, M. Vall Elghadi Ahmed. "Etude de la dynamique récente de la couv[e]rture végétale des bassins versants des lacs d'Aleg et de Mâl (Brakna, Mauritanie)." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0024.
Full textLakes Aleg and Mâl, located in South-West Mauritania in northern Sahel, are wetlands which offer many resources to a population using essentially practices of cattle breeding and cultivation. The environment has been deteriorated because of a dryness period (during 70's / 80's) and a human pressure increase. ITarious signs of désertification can be seen today. An objective of our pluridisciplinary study was to know how a rural sahelian population could use efficiently resources of its environment and if protective measures could be compatible with a sustainable development. We propose a concept of " gestion de terroir " as an answer to the problems of the environmental resources management. This concept involves the control of resources management and land use being transferred towards local populations. Afterwards an inscription on the Ramsar List could ensure a protection of natural richness and could also have an interest for the development of the area
Thouret, Jean-Claude. "La Cordillère centrale des Andes de Colombie et ses bordures : morphologenèse plio-quaternaire et dynamique actuelle et récente d'une Cordillère Volcanique englacée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE19006.
Full textThree parts form this thesis : the first part is a study of the morphostructures and lithological units of the central cordillera. These units are explained within the geodynamical frame of the northern andes during cerozoic times. To this general context is added a climatological study of that region. The second part deals with a more detailed study of the volcanic structures and landforms, especially the large andesitic compound volcanoes. Their geodynamical context and stratigraphy are defined. Then, the glacial landforms are studied as well as the precise chronology (14c) of the last glaciation on the central cordillera, and comparisons are made with the andean chronology. Lastly, this second part ends with a study of the pliocene and quaternary piedmonts stratigraphy and chronology within the cauca and magdalena valleys. A type of volcanoclastic piedmont is defined. The third part deals with the recent and present dynamics on a volcanic and glaciated cordillera : - the volcanic and glacial interactions are described through the case of the 18 november 1985 eruption at nevado del ruiz ; - the biogeographical altitudinal zonation of the central cordillera is shown by a global cartography and by a detailed soil study along a transect which goes through all the cordillera ; -finally, the originality of the altitudinal zonation in the colombian andes is discussed and compared with the altitudinal zonation in the rest of the andes
Errabi, Khalid. "« Demand-Pull » ou « Technology-Push » : survey de la littérature récente et nouveaux tests économétriques." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22005/document.
Full textThis thesis is at the intersection of several fields of economic research of innovation. Our approach uses empirical results from the econometrics of innovation. To study the relationship between innovation and demand, the most suitable seems to be the endogenous growth model based on innovation as opposed to the exogenous growth model. The nature and the direction of this relationship have been explored by various economic flows that can be classified into two major schools. The first are the proponents of so-called “Technology-Push Innovation” which may be regarded very broadly as “learned” by the work of Joseph Schumpeter. The latter are the proponents of the approach “Demand-Pull Innovation”, whose pioneering works have been baptized by Jacob Schmookler.The works of Kleinknecht and Verspagen (1990) have greatly inspired us to start this thesis. Our approach is an extension of this analysis. The purpose of this thesis is twofold: 1) showing that the relationship between innovation and demand is not unidirectional, 2) and this finding verified, examining the heterogeneity of industries within the meaning of these two approaches based on their technology levels.It seems to us that our work contributes to understanding the determinants of innovation as they emerge from the controversy “Demand-Pull” versus “Technology-push”, in three ways: 1) By offering a problematized survey of the literature on innovation, 2) By presenting, in an original way, data on R&D and productivity of industries in OECD countries, 3) By suggesting that the error correction models, now very well controlled, can provide useful insights to the issue of innovation models (“Demand-Pull” versus “Technology-push”)
Dufour, Carolina O. "Rôle des tourbillons océaniques dans la variabilité récente des flux air-mer de CO2 dans l'océan Austral." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679918.
Full textDufour, Carolina. "Rôle des tourbillons océaniques dans la variabilité récente des flux air-mer de CO2 dans l'océan Austral." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU040/document.
Full textBy taking up large amounts of atmospheric CO2, the Southern Ocean helps to regulate the climate system. Southern Ocean carbon sink is poorly constrained, in part because data coverage is sparse and also because ocean models that have been used in such assessments fail to explicitly resolve key physical features such as mesoscale eddies. In recent decades, the growth of the Southern Ocean carbon sink may have been partly counteracted due to a loss of natural CO2 from the ocean driven by an intensification of westerlies, related to a positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). This thesis focuses on documenting and understanding recent spatial and temporal variability of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean. Sensitivity to positive phases of the SAM are tested by making simulations with a regional model of the Southern Ocean (south of 30°S) that couples biogeochemistry to the dynamics, is forced by atmosphere reanalysis data, and partially resolves the mesoscale. The resulting response of Southern Ocean CO2 fluxes to the SAM is dominated by a strong CO2 efflux to the atmosphere from the Antarctic Zone due to an increase in surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). This increase is driven by the mixed-layer dynamics and is supplied by a meridional transport of DIC, a competition between the wind-driven circulation and the standing eddy-induced circulation. This work discusses the effect of increasing model resolution on simulated air-sea CO2 fluxes
BARBIER, Emmanuel. "La dynamique du temps et du climat en Amérique Centrale." Phd thesis, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007550.
Full textBonnet, Cécile. "Interactions entre tectonique et processus de surface dans l'avant-pays alpin : apports de la modélisation analogique et analyse de la fracturation récente." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138836.
Full textSenoble, Romain. "Que révèle l'évolution récente des stratégies de développement institutionnel des bailleurs de fonds occidentaux ? : étude comparative de la dynamique des processus de marchéisation et de démocratisation impulsée par les politiques d'aide française et britannique dans les années 1990." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0066.
Full textThat DPhil thesis is a study of the evolution of the institutional development strategies of the western donors in the 1990s. Based on a pluridisciplinary methodology using economics, political science, political economy and international relations, the document explores first the different schools of thinking that contribute to the comprehension of the dynamics of the marketization and democratization processes. Second, the operational concept of institutional development used and applicated by the western donors is reformulated in the perspective of the recent theories and in relation with the World Bank and UNPD institutional development strategies in the 1990s. Third, the bilateral institutional development strategies of France and Great-Britain are compared. Conceptions of this field of action, but also policies and strategies are compared with an analysis of the reform of the aid administrations
Hillcoat-Nalletamby, Sarah. "La dynamique des pratiques contraceptives à l'île Maurice : changements récents." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H050.
Full textDuring the past twenty years, changes in contraceptive practices have arisen in Mauritius : a drop in prevalence levels and in the number of regular users; an increase in contraceptive drop-out rates. Our objective has been two-fold : to analyse the degree and type change at the macro-level of the total population; furthermore, to study the socio-culture al factors influencing practices, as observed at the micro-level of the community. We conclude that the changes observed are not, as might be considered, the indication of a growing resistance to contraception. We suggest that both the continuity and forms of such practices are influenced by the "interference" between three types of factors : cycles of investment in population policy influencing the supply of services; the problems posed for access to family planning services by poor living conditions : the influence upon contraceptive practices of individual and group values and attitudes concerning birth control
Vialar, Thierry. "Approches méthodologiques récentes des dynamiques complexes et non-linéaires en économie." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100106.
Full textThe epistemological break of non-linear has allowed to understand many phenomena which couldn't be modelized before. The concept of non linear forms the link between the two parts. The first part shows the contribution of wavelets analysis to time-frequency analysis about complex phenomena. The epistemological break finds a representation in the passage from spectral analysis to wavelet analysis. The transient phenomena, chocks or abrupt variations are represented much better by wavelets. In this frame, the matching pursuit accord algorithm is presented and applied to a French stock market index. The second part of this work presents the recent investigation tools of complex and non-linear dynamics. In this set one tool is constituted by methods build mainly on Takens and Mane theorem, called non-linear signal treatment, based on the concept of topological equivalence. The objective is to study the structure of a dynamic through low dimensional geometrical objects extracted from the original dynamic. The system having generated this dynamic is not necessarily known
Garidel-Thoron, Thibault de. "Dynamique climatique de l'Océan Pacifique ouest équatorial au cours du Pléistocène récent." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008934.
Full textUsing planktonic foraminifera and coccolithophorids, we investigated past climate dynamics of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool (WPWP)during the Late Pleistocene. We developped a new planktonic foraminifera transfer function, not biased by the ecosystem structure. Using this method, the last 185 kyrs SSTs in the WPWP oscillated between 27 and 29. 5ʿC, in agreement with alkenones estimates. The "deep" atmospheric convection over the WPWP was thus a stable feature of the Late Pleistocene climate. As revealed by nannoflora, the precession cycles appear to force a rocking of the Indo-Pacific thermocline, following an "El Niño-Southern Oscillation-like" mechanism. At millenial time-scale, the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles were find in past changes in East Asian winter monsoon. A 1500 yrs cycle imprints this 200 kyrs monsoon record. A high-resolution record of carbon isotopic changes in the WPWP, exhibits the occurrence of large methane gas-hydrates releases during the last glacial stage
Grisoni, Niaki Marcellin. "Du centre ville. . . à l'agglomération caennaise : : une idée des dynamiques urbaines récentes." Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN1157.
Full textThe recent evolution of towns in developed countries is particularly marked by a devitalization fo their town-centres, which is evidenced… Much at the population level (leavings towards the country) as at the activity level (out lying relocalizations…). The suburbs of Caen which counted 200000 inhabitants in 1990 is the theatre of a series of transformations which affect the whole components of the urban space. This dynamic is apprehended through leveral major axis (socio-demographic, political, spatial…) which complementarity allows to understand how and why the urban space is changed. This latter is studied as a whole, insofar as the town-centre transformations affect the other comprenents of the suburb. The result is a reinfercement of town socio-spatial division with the rising of three major poles : from one part, the town-centre and from the over part the north and the west of the suburb ; two poles which registers the most significant changings
Calafat-Frau, Antonio. "Dynamique sédimentaires de la marge rhodanienne Gofe du Lion (Matière en suspension et dépôts récents)." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0001.
Full textSuanez, Serge. "Dynamiques sédimentaires actuelles et récentes de la frange littorale orientale du Delta du Rhône." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10025.
Full textGhilardi, Matthieu. "DYNAMIQUES SPATIALES ET RECONSTITUTIONS PALÉOGEOGRAPHIQUES DE LA PLAINE DE THESSALONIQUE (GRÈCE) À L'HOLOCÈNE RÉCENT." Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201255.
Full textD'un point de vue historique, le secteur d'études est une importante aire d'implantation des sociétés humaines. Depuis le Néolithique, une occupation continue du territoire est attestée. Différents travaux archéologiques, historiques et paléoenvironnementaux attestent d'une évolution majeure du trait de côte entre le quatrième millénaire avant notre ère et le Ve siècle ap. J.-C, mais précisent de manière incertaine l'évolution paysagère. Le Royaume de Macédoine, avec ses rois illustres Philippe II et Alexandre le Grand a laissé sur le territoire de nombreux vestiges archéologiques qui témoignent d'une évolution paysagère certaine. Ainsi, Pella, l'ancienne capitale et ville portuaire reliée à la mer, se localise désormais à 28 km à l'intérieur des terres.
L'herméneutique des sources documentaires antiques (textes, supports iconographiques) et l'étude des récits de voyageurs ayant parcouru la région du XVIIIe au début du XXe siècle, ont permis de constater des évolutions notables dans la position du littoral et dans l'organisation du réseau hydrographique. C'est à partir de ces documents, qu'au cours du XXe siècle, les premières reconstitutions paléogéographiques ont été élaborées. Une étude critique des scénarii proposés a permis de révéler des incohérences et des approximations dans la restitution des paysages. L'adoption d'une approche paléoenvironnementale à l'échelle de la plaine se justifie donc sur ce point.
Huit sondages ont été réalisés dans la partie centrale de la plaine et se répartissent de manière homogène entre la ville de Pella au nord et le trait de côte actuel au sud. Les travaux de laboratoire ont reposé sur l'identification malacologique des différentes séquences sédimentaires et sur une analyse sédimentologique où des mesures de granulométrie et de susceptibilité magnétique ont permis de distinguer les apports des différents bassins-versants. Dix-sept datations par le radiocarbone ont permis de dater précisément les différentes séquences sédimentaires. L'utilisation des supports numériques, comprenant données satellitaires (combinaison spectrale d'une image LANDSAT TM) et données topographiques précises (données S.R.T.M.), a permis de livrer une interprétation spatiale des données acquises ponctuellement lors des sondages. L'élaboration de cartes tridimensionnelles a ensuite permis une modélisation numérique de terrain présentant les grandes étapes du déplacement du trait de côte au cours des six derniers millénaires.
Tabel, Jalal. "Impacts des changements environnementaux passés durant le Quaternaire récent sur la dynamique forestière du Moyen Atlas marocain." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS184/document.
Full textThis thesis discusses the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic changes that have affected the ecosystems of the Moroccan Middle Atlas since the last glacial period, and focuses around 25000 cal BP. The three sedimentary sequences that have been studied in this thesis were taken along a North-South transect in the Middle Atlas. This study is based on a multi-bio-indicators approach, including palynology, geochemical elements and particle size, in order to better understand the dynamic of previous ecosystems and to highlight the human activities on these ecosystems and on their catchment areas.The results obtained show that during the last glacial period, and until the beginning of the Holocene, steppe vegetation was predominant in the Middle Atlas, in reaction to cold and arid climate conditions. However, populations of cedars, oaks and pine trees remained in micro-refugia. Although the beginning of the Holocene reveals an expansion of oaks and pines trees (the main components of Mediterranean forests ecosystems), the steppe (which is composed of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and grasses) persisted till 6.5 ka cal BP. These drought-tolerant ecosystems reflect a warm beginning of the Holocene, with an amount of precipitation that was low enough to allow the expansion of forests similar to those we can observe in Europe and other areas of the Mediterranean. It’s only since 6.5 ka cal BP that cedars forests have started to grow at the altitudes of the sites we studied (around 1600m), and that aquatic plants have proliferated in the marshes where we took our samples. We can then observe a sharp decline of tree cover, including deciduous oaks, starting 4.5 ka cal BP and an expansion of herbaceous taxa. These are the consequences of a tendency to conditions that were more arid, attesting the installation of the Mediterranean climate as we know it today. The first environmental changes linked to human impact have only been recorded, through palynology and biochemical data, from ca. 1500 cal BP. The results obtained in this thesis are in line with those obtained in other paleoenvironmental studies conducted in the Mediterranean area, for the glacial period as well as for the beginning of arid conditions starting 5.5 ka cal BP
Jennan, Lahsen. "Le Moyen-Atlas central et ses bordures : mutations récentes et dynamique de l'espace et de la société rurale." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR1503.
Full textPascal, Frédéric. "Minéralogie, géochimie et dynamique sédimentaire des carbonates actuels et récents du bassin des Loyauté (Nouvelle-Calédonie, Pacifique sud-ouest)." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10069.
Full textVarennes, Guillaume. "Dynamiques et formes de peuplement dans la plaine de la Valloire (Drôme/Isère) : de la Protohistoire récente au haut Moyen Âge." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662389.
Full textMordant, Céline. "Développements récents en dédoublement cinétique dynamique par hydrogénation asymétrique à l'aide de complexes de ruthénium(II) - synthèse de molécules bioactives." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001093.
Full textBlanchard, Audrey. "Le Néolithique récent de l'Ouest de la France (IVe - IIIe millénaires avant J.-C.) : productions et dynamiques culturelles." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745093.
Full textBlanchard, Audrey. "Le Néolithique récent de l’Ouest de la France (IVe – IIIe millénaires avant J. -C. ) : productions et dynamiques culturelles." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S074.
Full textThis original research aims at tightening the chronological and cultural framework of the Late Neolithic in western France. The fragmented cultural entities defined on the sole basis of ceramic assemblages form a mosaic that has, until now, undermined our understanding of Neolithic society. This reductive vision of the Neolithic needed to be updated in the light of recent and often unpublished discoveries. The topic of this research encompasses the late neolithic period, from 3800 to 2900/2800 BC. The study area spreads from southern Brittany to southern Vendée and to the Centre-West of France. The original approach of this project is based on the typo-technological study of material culture (lithic industry and ceramics), completed by physicochemical analyses (petrography, Raman spectrometry, organic chemistry). This may seem like an ambitious project, as it covers the totality of available data from material productions, human settlement and funerary contexts to trade and diffusion. Among the various themes that are approached in this synthesis is the notion of habitat and its perennial or temporary nature, a topic that has not previously been studied for this period. Thus, contexts and material cultures are studied in order to understand group and individual mobility. This prompts us to reconsider the favoured exchange and circulation corridors constituted by maritime and fluvial spaces and their role in the organisation of the territory. Funerary practices and the megalithic constructions associated with them form a basis for our theories because they are representative of the [Neolithic] society. At the end of our work, we propose a chronological sequence that divides the period into three shorter ones, reflecting the different rhythms suggested by lithic and ceramic assemblages
Thoumin, Marc-Henri. "Analyse de la dynamique du phénomène de contagion entre les obligations souveraines européennes au cours des récents épisodes de crises financières." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM039/document.
Full textPeriods of deep risk aversion are usually marked by sizeable distortions in market prices, and substantial losses in portfolios. As observed during financial crises, a generalized debacle in financial markets is a very negative shock for the real economy. Against this backdrop, it looks relevant to explore how risk aversion tends to affect global market valuations, especially if this exercise helps make the promotion of more optimal portfolio rebalancing procedures.In this dissertation, we investigate different dimensions of risk aversion, with a focus on European Sovereign debt securities. For a given sovereign bond, the (quoted) yield to maturity has to reflect the underlying risk that the Treasury may default on its debt, before maturation of the bond. This is sovereign risk. Financial crises usually occasion an upward correction in bond yields. Since higher yields reflect larger sovereign risk and higher funding costs, national Treasuries are usually inclined to get a deeper understanding of how sovereign risk could evolve under the influence of fierce risk aversion. This is another objective of our research analysis.In Chapter I, we consider a probabilistic approach to sovereign risk exploration, with the main purpose of illustrating the non-linear reaction ensuing from a gradual deterioration in market sentiment. We consider heavy-tailed distributions, and we use the Generalised Autoregressive Score method as a means to capture the volatility momentum. The goodness of fit provided by Generalised Hyperbolic distributions is compelling, and results suggest that our approach is particularly relevant to fit periods or erratic volatility, typical of financial crises. As an attempt to simplify the model, we focus on an empirical formulation of the ‘untemporal’ volatility of each security. This estimator of the intrinsic volatility suggests that volatility tends to accelerate in a quadratic manner when it is expressed against the cumulative distribution function of the yield variations. In a second part, we extend this approach to a problem of larger dimension and we explore the dynamics of risk aversion from a bivariate point of view. Results look robust and illustrate multivariate correlations between sovereign securities. As a general conclusion, heavy-tailed distributions look remarkably efficient to replicate the distribution of times-series affected by distorted volatility and erratic price variations.Chapter II explores different ways to extract information from the model, about financial contagion and how it is supposed to propagate through sovereign securities. In particular, we explore the market reaction to a series of many shocks with gradual intensity. Results offer a high degree of granularity and we extrapolate empirical rules on the expected market dynamics, when risk aversion intensifies. Then we incorporate our estimators of volatility and market reaction (to shocks) into popular portfolio optimisation procedures and we see positive implications on the general resilience of these portfolios. Finally, we also design an in-house methodology for optimal portfolio rebalancing, based on mean reversion.In Chapter III, we explore how sovereign risk tends to affect the price of financial derivatives in a risk-off environment. We consider that risk aversion and the ensuing volatility now favour the emergence of sizeable discontinuities in market prices, that we model with stochastic jumps. The different approaches we investigate extensively rely on Hawkes processes. These stochastic processes seek to estimate the durable impact of risk aversion onto the dynamics of jumps, via the introduction of dedicated self-excited loops. We develop an original approach to the calibration, different from conventional procedures. In the end, the calculated implied volatility remains in the vicinity of the realised volatility and there is a visible capability to jump on any rise in risk aversion
Kchia, Younes. "Semimartingales et Problématiques Récentes en Finance Quantitative." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00635436.
Full textAkouango, Emile. "Morphodynamique et dynamique sédimentaire dans le Golfe du Lion : contribution à l'étude de la zone côtière dans l'actuel et le quaternaire récent." Perpignan, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PERP0292.
Full textMaillet, Grégoire. "Relations sédimentaires récentes et actuelles entre un fleuve et son delta en milieu microtidal : Exemple de l'embouchure du Rhône." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011967.
Full textLes principaux résultats montrent que le littoral deltaïque est actuellement déconnecté du fleuve car les sédiments fluviaux restent stockés à proximité de l'embouchure. Les crues ne contribuent pas non plus à alimenter le littoral, car c'est essentiellement des particules fines qui sont apportées en mer et transportées au large. Pour autant, les endiguements fluviaux ont une responsabilité bien supérieure à celle des grands barrages dans l'érosion des plages, en raison du rôle déterminant des avulsions dans l'édification de la plaine deltaïque.
Barbraud, Christophe. "Forçage environnemental et prédateurs marins endothermes de l'Océan Austral: effets des changements climatiques récents et des pêcheries industrielles sur les populations." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770926.
Full textHeinz, Christine. "Dynamique des végétations holocènes en Méditerranée nord occidentale d'après l'anthracoanalyse de sites préhistoriques : méthodologie et paléoécologie." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20217.
Full textLabrude, Angélique. "Dynamiques funéraires et affirmations identitaires en Crète à l'est du Lassithi (XIVe - Ve siècles av. J-C.)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG044.
Full textThis doctoral thesis examining funerary dynamics in the east of Lassithi from the fourteenth to the fifth century B.C.E. has several aims. In the first instance, I seek to identify through the material vestiges the collective and codified practices that constitute the funerary rituals marked by a strong identitarian dimension. I also endeavour to grasp the territorial strategies used in the organisation of funerary sites in parallel to the major socio-political changes affecting Crete during the delicate transitional period marking the passage from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. After an initial presentation of the spatio-temporal context and the vocabulary specific to the archaeology of death, the thesis turns towards the systematic description of each sepulchre in its own environment. This material data is subsequently combined with a thematic and comparative analysis of the necropolis. Finally, the systematic dimension of funerary dynamics in the east of Lassithi is considered in light of the Aegean chrono-cultural context
Wu, Hsiu-Chi. "Peuplement et dynamique culturelle à l’âge du Fer Ancien et Récent dans le Nord-Est et le Nord de Taïwan : approche technologique des assemblages céramiques du site de Chiwulan (Ilan, Nord-Est de Taïwan, 650-1850 EC )." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100003.
Full textSituated at the junction of historic times, Taiwan’s Iron Age is considered the key to understanding the origin and history of the island’s aboriginal peoples. With this perspective, this thesis focuses on the Iron Age in Northeast and North Taiwan through a research into the affiliations among ceramic traditions from different periods and areas. To investigate the ceramic traditions of northeastern Taiwan, we used artifacts unearthed at the Chiwulan site in the Ilan Plain. This site, excavated during 2001-2003, includes two culture layers: the bottom layer dated from 650 to 1150 A.D. and the top layer from 1350 to 1850 A.D. Study of the ceramic assemblages was guided by the principles of the technological approach. In accordance with the concept of « chaîne opératoire », artifacts were identified and classified sequentially according to their technical, petrographic, and morpho-stylistique characteristics. Our results show that there is a remarkable affinity between early and late Iron-Age ceramics, implying a continued occupation by the same culture group. We then compared the Chiwulan data with regional data (from other sites in the Ilan Plain) and macroregional ones (from sites in North Coast and the Taipei Basin). What we found seems to support the idea that, in the early Iron Age, culture groups in the North and Northeast shared a common origin. Early settlers in the North seem to have advanced into the Northeast. Then in the late Iron Age, a reverse movement could have occurred with settlers from the Ilan Plain expanding upwards to the North. There also existed in the late Iron Age a similarity in the material culture of the northern and northeastern aborigines, whose recent descendants, though ethnically and linguistically diverse and distinct from each other, again demonstrated such an affinity in their material culture, suggesting filiation and continuation of Iron-Age culture. There was also a phenomenon of ethnogenesis. The evolution of new ethnic groups later on might have been related to the introduction of metallurgy
Crépy, Maël. "Les Paysages du vent : géohistoire et géoarchéologie de la dépression de Kharga (désert Libyque, Égypte) du cinquième siècle avant notre ère à nos jours : 2 500 ans d'interactions entre dynamiques éoliennes et activités humaines dans un milieu hyperaride." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2141.
Full textThe limiting features of the wind dynamics are scarce in the Western desert of Egypt, one of the most arid areas in the world: eolian ablation and transport are the prevailing factors of the morphogenesis. Born from artesian waters and human activities, the oases of Kharga basin form an area where the deposition processes are stronger thanks to the large amount of water and vegetation. Eolian dynamics, and their morphogenetic impacts, are strengthened by the nesting of oasis sites (deposition areas) in a desert region (sediment source-zone). The landscapes of the wind are thus formed by the juxtaposition of these areas where opposed processes occur. This thesis aims to describe, understand and explain their development.This work based on geomorphology, geoarchaeology, « géohistoire » and sedimentology gives an account on the impacts on the landscapes of the interactions between eolian dynamics and human activities since the creation of the oases 2 500 years ago. It consists in an overview of the natural and anthropogenic processes and an assessment of the living conditions in the oasis since the Antiquity.The three main results of this research are:- a typology of the elements forming the landscapes of the wind;- a descriptive modelisation of the system at stake in their formations, which is based on an asynchronous cycle of colonisation and abandonment of the sites;- an overview of the main patterns of the long-term environmental and morphogenetic evolution since the creation of the oases.This triple contribution shows that the landscapes of the wind are born from the distortion between the regional environmental trend towards degraded conditions and the local and temporary improvements of the edaphic conditions due to human activities
Boucheny, Arnaud. "Dynamique végétale récente du complexe tourbeux des Tourbières-de-Lanoraie (Québec)." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11211.
Full text"Dynamique récente des tourbières ombrotrophes pergélisolées à leur limite nordique de répartition." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23653/23653.pdf.
Full text"Développement holocène et dynamique récente des tourbières minérotrophes structurées du haut-boréal québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26202/26202.pdf.
Full textCastel, Frédéric. "La dynamique de l'équation ethnoconfessionnelle dans l'évolution récente de la structure du paysage religieux québécois : les cas du façonnement des communautés bouddhistes et musulmanes (1941-2001)." Thèse, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3174/1/D1909.pdf.
Full textde, Garidel-Thoron Thibault. "Dynamique climatique de l'océan Pacifique ouest équatorial au cours du Pléistocène récent." Phd thesis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008934.
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