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Academic literature on the topic 'Dynamique structurale des petites molecules'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dynamique structurale des petites molecules"
Dunoyer, Christiane. "Monde alpin." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.101.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Dynamique structurale des petites molecules"
Leshchev, Denis. "La dynamique de réaction de petites molécules en solution." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY023/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates photoinduced transient dynamics of small molecules in solution with the use of time-resolved wide angle x-ray scattering (TR-WAXS). The core of the thesis is the precise determination of transient structures with the use of various structural optimization schemes. Some of the TR-WAXS results are supplemented with transient absorption optical spectroscopy (TOAS) and time-resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy (TR-XES) measurements allowing for a more complete description of the systems.par The work includes four different projects which can be grouped into two classes according to the type of reaction appearing upon photoexcitation: dissociation and electron transfer. The first class includes the simple triatomic molecules mercury halides and triiodide where we study the recombination dynamics of the free photofragments. This part of the thesis demonstrates the possibility to gain new knowledge about the dynamics of these model systems such as new recombination channels and reaction intermediates appearing in less than 100 ps, the xray pulse length from the synchrotron, by the use of time-slicing technique. The second class of systems includes transition metal complexes that are highly relevant for light harvesting applications, [Fe(NHC)2]2+ and Ru=Co, where the spin and structural dynamics are investigated. These projects extend previous work to a family of more complex systems constituted of relatively low-Z atoms (first row transition metals) and bring new insights into the photochemistry of the compounds
Poussineau, Stéphane. "Dynamique des magmas andésitiques : approche expérimentale et pétrostructurale ; application à la Soufrière de Guadeloupe et à la Montagne Pelée." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010122.
Full textLe premier aspect repose sur l'étude d'une éruption particulière de la Soufrière de Guadeloupe (1440 AD). La stratégie d'étude a été de coupler une étude pétrographique des produits émis avec une étude expérimentale. Cette approche nous a permis de contraindre avec précision les conditions pré-éruptives ainsi que la dynamique de la chambre magmatique qui s'est avérée être zonée thermiquement et chimiquement.
Le second aspect a consisté en l'acquisition des données naturelles et expérimentales sur les produits des éruptions historiques de la Montagne Pelée afin d'apporter des éléments nouveaux pour la compréhension du dynamisme des magmas andésitiques dégazés. La nature des produits a nécessité de coupler différentes approches (étude texturale des produits naturels, teneur en eau des verres résiduels, anisotropie de susceptibilité magnétiques sur les produits de dômes, expériences de décompressions contrôlées et acquisition de données expérimentales à basse pression).
Lupette, Josselin. "Développement, architecture et dynamique des gouttelettes lipidiques de la diatomée Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV039/document.
Full textDue to their quality of triacylglycerol (TAG) content in the form of lipid droplets (LDs) accumulating upon abioticstresses, microalgae have emerged as models of interest for many biotechnological applications (nutrition, greenchemistry, biofuels, human health). These stresses, however, are responsible for a growth arrest and lowbiomass yield. A phenotypic screen of small molecules triggering TAG accumulation in Phaeodactylumhighlighted 34 compounds known to act on specific metabolic and signaling pathways. A detailed study of theeffects of 17α-ethynylestradiol is proposed. The identification of compounds interfering with cyclic nucleotides andoxylipins led us to re-evaluate the effects of nitric oxide (NO.) and to characterize the activity of isoprostanoidsafter oxidative stress in the diatom Phaeodactylum.LDs are subcellular structures, conserved from prokaryotes to secondary endosymbionts, containing ahydrophobic core surrounded by a monolayer of polar lipids to which proteins transiently or permanentlyassociate. These proteins may play a structural role or be involved in the function of the droplet. After optimizationof a purification protocol, we determined the glycerolipidome and the proteome of the LD of Phaeodactylum. Thehydrophobic core is only made of TAG surrounded by a monolayer of polar lipids consisting ofphosphatidylcholine (PC), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and two molecular species (20:5-16:1 and 20:5-16:2) of DGTA, a betaine lipid. A sterol probably located in the monolayer, brassicasterol, was also detected.Specific enrichment of β-carotene has been observed. The proteome of the LD is composed of 86 proteinsincluding most notably the LD-protein StLDP, metabolic actors, organelle membrane associated proteins, proteinsimplicated in the treatment of genetic information or chaperones involved in protein quality control. This thesisallows us a better understanding of the biogenesis and the discovery of possible new functionalities of thePhaeodactylum LD. We propose an architectural model for the LD, and address the question of its origins. Futureprospects on the functional characterization of LD proteins and relocation of LD to the plasma membrane topromote its extraction are proposed
Cao, Anne-Marinette Hanh. "Etudes de la dynamique structurale des récepteurs métabotropiques du glutamate par fluorescence en molécule unique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT050.
Full textMetabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), which belong to class C of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), are well-known for their important roles in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Understanding of receptor activation is essential to decipher the receptor functioning, and thus orientate drugs design for targeted therapeutics. Recently, the number of GPCR crystal structures has increased exponentially thanks to the application of protein stabilization methods. However, these crystallography studies have revealed certain ambiguities and discrepancies, and these approaches do not take into account the dynamic nature of GPCR activation. Indeed, single-molecule studies, including single-molecule FRET (smFRET), have revealed the highly dynamic nature of GPCR in general, and fast conformational changes of mGluR domains in particular. Here, we study the activation mechanism of the full-length mGluR by FRET techniques at ensemble and single-molecule level. Homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) was applied for optimizing the sample preparation. An appropriate protocol was established, allowing to extract mGlu2 full-length in detergent from the HEK293T cells without significantly affecting its pharmacology and stability. smFRET experiments were performed using the combination of multiparameter fluorescence detection (MFD) with pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE). Advanced data analysis such as ratiometric FRET efficiency, lifetime-based FRET measurement, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) revealed that the fast dynamic oscillation in sub-millisecond timescale of the full-length mGlu2, and prove the stabilization role of the transmembrane domain of the full-length receptor in favor of the active state
Chan, Yao Chong Maud. "Structure et dynamique de protéines intrinsèquement désordonnées : Caractérisation par une approche combinant dynamique moléculaire avancée et SAXS." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS257.
Full textThe PhD work will consist in exploring and characterizing the conformational ensemble of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), by using several complementary methods, including enhanced molecular dynamics simulations and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). IDPs are proteins having one or several regions that lack stable secondary structures in the unbound state, but which can adopt various structured conformations to bind other proteins. In the case of three IDPs, the project aims to answer the question of whether these secondary structures formed at the protein-protein interfaces transiently pre-exist or not in the unbound state of solvated IDPs. If it is possible to identify and characterize these molecular recognition features (MoRFs) in the IDP unbound state, then the results of this work will subsequently help to determine the structures of protein complexes involving IDPs
Lo, Russo Manuela. "La structure des molecules excitees par laser en solution etudiee par la diffraction rayon-X resolue dans le temps." Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162897.
Full textLa technique de la Diffraction Rayon-X résolue dans le temps nous permet d'identifier et suivre en temps, avec une résolution de 100ps, les structures moléculaires qui se forment après l'excitation ultrarapide du soluté par un laser de pompe.
Nous pouvons identifier les parcours de recombinaison et relaxation du soluté, déterminés, en phase liquide, par la présence du solvant: les informations contenues dans les signaux de diffraction nous permettons aussi d'étudier le réponse du solvant à l'échauffement provoqué par la réorganisation du soluté. Avec l'aide des simulations de la Dynamique Moléculaire, des expériences de diffraction statique, et la mesure de la réponse du solvant au réchauffement impulsif provoqué par radiation infrarouge, nous pouvons reconstruire la dynamique des réactions en solution dans une fenêtre temporelle à partir des ps jusqu'aux mus.