Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamique structurale'
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Ferré, Guillaume. "Dynamique structurale de complexes RCPG - neuropeptides." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30141.
Full textG protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) recognize an extracellular ligand in order to transmit the corresponding information inside the cell. They are major players in physiology and predominant pharmacological targets. Here, we studied two GPCR for which the endogenous ligands are peptides. a) The ĸ opioid receptor (KOP), which recognizes dynorphin, and which is involved in the regulation of pain and reward mechanism (and thus in addiction). The discovery, pharmacology and structure - activity relationship of dynorphin are described in this manuscript as a review published in "Vitamins and Hormones" in 2019. GPCR activity requires a complex conformational dynamics and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an excellent technique allowing such characterization. However, it requires isotope labeling of the proteins of interest and most of GPCR structural studies used receptors expressed in insect cells. We produced KOP using an E. coli expression strategy, which is the tool of choice for isotope labeling. The recombinant receptor was successfully refolded in detergent micelles and was shown to be functional in terms of ligand binding. It offers new possibilities to study its structure and dynamics by NMR. b) The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is naturally activated by ghrelin, a digestive peptide hormone of 28 amino-acids residues. This hormone - receptor system is involved in a multitude of physiological process such as the regulation of food intake, growth hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis. However, structural information about peptide - GPCR interaction is sparse because of the difficulty in crystallizing such complexes. Using a perdeuterated receptor expressed in E. coli and refolded in lipid nanodiscs in the group of J.L. Banères (IBMM, Montpellier), we used several liquid state NMR techniques (15N relaxation, transferred NOE, saturation transfer difference) to characterize the 3D structure and dynamics of ghrelin bound to GHSR. Our work particularly shed the light on the role of a post-translational modification (acylation on Ser 3) on the receptor specific recognition mechanism
ILMAIN, FRANCK. "Etude dynamique et structurale d'hydrogels ioniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13062.
Full textHuynh, Lucie. "Etude structurale de monocouches lipidiques par simulations de dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EVRY0008.
Full textBiomembranes play an essential role in many relevant processes in cellular biology. In order to gain insight into their behaviour and interactions with molecules, models such as lipid monolayers have been developed. Monolayer compression on Langmuir trough provides surface pressure – molecular area isotherms, and allows characterisation of phase and interfacial properties of the monolayer. Such a characterisation can be completed by atomistic study of the monolayer phospholipids and molecular interactions from molecular dynamic simulations. Our work is focused on 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), a lipid comprising a saturated and an unsaturated acyl chain, major lipids in eukaryotic cell membranes. We performed MD simulations at 293 K and 300 K at different surface pressures using the all-atom general amber force field (GAFF). Simulated surface pressure-area isotherms were obtained for the first time, and a good agreement was found with experimental isotherms. Based on the structural analyses, two orientations of the head groups clearly appear. We propose that the conformational variations around the bonds connecting the phosphorus atom to the adjacent oxygen are involved in these specific orientations. Both acyl chains have distinct structural properties upon compression and suggest an independent behavior of the saturated and unsaturated chains that could be correlated with the formation of chain-type clusters observed along the simulated trajectories. Molecular insight in structural properties of POPC monolayer provides essential clues for the study of membrane-molecule interaction
Rezaei, Human. "Dynamique structurale de la protéine prion ovine." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0046.
Full textI have analysed the effects on the physico-chemical and structural properties of ovine prion protein of 4 polymorphisms, which are respectively associated with a high sensitivity (V136R154Q171, A136R154Q171) and a high resistance (A136H154Q171, A136R154R171) of animal towards scrapie infection. I have first set-up an original purification/renaturation technique of the full-length protein expressed in E. Coli. This allowed us to obtain in one step high quantities or the pure monomeric, homogenous and stable protein. CD spectra and profiles of chemical and heat denaturation processes show that VRQ is more structured and more stable than ARR, an astonishing result whish was confirmed by mild proteolysis experiments. By differential microcalorimetry it was shown that, at pH<4. 5 and >6. 0, denaturation occurs in 2 steps with intermediates exhibiting some characteristics of the pathogenic form : high b sheet content and high tendency to polymerize
Esmenjaud, Jean-Baptiste. "Dynamique structurale et allostérie des récepteurs NMDA." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE016/document.
Full textIonotropic glutamate receptors are responsible for the vast majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Among them, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are key mediators of synaptic plasticity, which is considered as the cellular basis of learning and memory. NMDAR dysfunction is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric brain disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy and schizophrenia. NMDAR form massive hetero tetrameric complexes (>500 kDa) endowed with unique allosteric capacity provided by a cluster of eight extracellular clamshell-like domains arranged as two superimposed layers: the Nterminal domain (NTD) layer and the agonist binding domain (ABD) layer. Despite an increasing number of full-length NMDAR structures, the transduction mechanism by which these domains interact in an intact receptor to control its activity remained poorly understood. Combining experimental and in silico analysis, we identify a rolling motion at an interface between the two constitute dimers in the ABD layer as a key determinant in NMDAR activation and modulation pathways. This rotation of the two ABD dimers acts as a conformational switch that tunes channel opening depending on the conformation of the membrane-distal NTD layer. This work unveils how NMDAR domains move and operate in a concerted manner to transduce conformational changes between layers and command receptor activity. It illuminates our understanding of a major synaptic receptor of the central nervous system and paves the way for the development of new pharmacological tools targeting the elucidated allosteric mechanism
Crapanzano, Laura. "Polymorfisme du soufre : une étude structurale et dynamique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10054.
Full textThis thesis deals with an investigation of polymorphism in both solid and liquid state of sulphur. Emphasis has been put on the polymer transition of liquid sulphur. From a short introduction to polymorphism, sulphur appears as a convenient system for these studies. The state of the art of the P T diagram of sulphur is discussed. Then the manuscript describes the high pressures devices and introduces the ESRF used techniques in order to get either structural or dynamical in situ information; namely X ray scattering, Raman scattering and inelastic X ray scattering. The following part is devoted to the structural results obtained on several sulphur allotropes. Owing to the possibility of in situ measurements with high flux and by using together X-ray and Raman scattering, the structure of equilibrium phases has been determined. Then a new T P phase diagram of sulphur has been obtained. The last part concerns the dynamical results obtained in the temperature range of the polymerisation transition. Above the transition sulphur behaves as a conventional molecular liquid made of S8 units. At higher temperature it still exhibits S8 molecular motion. However a lower frequency mode shows up. It corresponds to the dynamics of cross linked chain fragments
Marchin, Stéphane. "Dynamique de la micelle de caséines : caractérisation structurale." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARB180.
Full textCasein micelles play a key rolein milk for its biological and technoligcal functionality. In spite of that, its micellar organization and dynamics are not yet well known. The objective of the thesis was to gain knowledge on the morphology and internal and external structures of native casein micelle, modified by environmental parameters such as pH, temperature and EDTA addition, using a combined biochemical and physical approach. In order to reduce the polydispersity in size and composition inherent to casein micelles, we used different populations of casein micelles varying in size (large, medium and small), separated by differential ultracentrifugation. The combination of small angle and ultra small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and USAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) has provided fine structural details of the casein micelles. We have shown that colloidal calcium phosphate nanoculsters were present as numerous electron dense areas of about 2. 5 nm. They appeared to be uniformly distributed in a homogeneous tangled web of casein and were primarily responsible for the behaviour of the SAXS intensity curve at the highest q ectors, corresponding to the internal structure of the casein micelles. Secific demineralization of casein micelles by decreasing the pH from 6. 7 to 5. 2 induced a disappearance of the granular characteristic seen in the cryo-TEM images as well as the characteristic point of inflection on the scattering curves
Kurauskas, Vilius. "Fonction d'une protéine membranaire : étude structurale et dynamique par RMN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV005/document.
Full textThe use of detergents is often unavoidable in the structural studies of membrane proteins. Dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) is one of the most commonly used detergents for such studies in solution state NMR spectroscopy. The effect of detergent on structure and dynamics remains an important and poorly understood question. In this study we have investigated millisecond dynamics, substrate binding and structural features of three different yeast proteins from mitochondrial carrier family (GGC1, ORC1 and AAC3) in DPC micelles. We have detected millisecond dynamics, which are asymmetrically distributed across the structure. Contrary to previous claims, we show that these dynamics are unrelated to function, as they are not affected by the substitutions which abolish mitochondrial carrier transport in proteoliposomes. Furthermore, we could show that the very well-defined substrate specificity of these proteins in membranes is abolished when they are reconstituted in DPC, questioning their functionality. Structural investigations have revealed that both tertiary and secondary structures of these carriers are perturbed in DPC micelles, with some TM helices showing substantial solvent exposure. We have concluded from these observations that DPC detergent strongly perturbs these, and likely other mitochondrial carriers by rendering them very flexible. Our findings point to a possibly general effect of this detergent on membrane proteins, as we discuss with examples of previously studied membrane proteins. In the second part we have addressed a fundamental question of protein dynamics: how do proteins move inside crystals? We have investigated ms dynamics in a crystalline ubiquitin to gain the insight on the impact of the crystalline lattice on such motions, using solid-state NMR and ms long MD simulations of explicit crystal arrangements. Interestingly a local dynamic exchange process on a ms time scale is still present in crystals. However, by comparing different crystal forms we establish that the thermodynamics of the exchanging states and their interconversion rate constants are significantly altered by the crystal contacts. Furthermore, we detect overall "rocking" motion of molecules in the crystal, occurring on a tens-of-ms time scale, and provide evidence that overall and local motion are coupled. We discuss the implications of ms dynamics on the data quality in X-ray diffraction experiments
Lelong, Gérald. "ETUDE STRUCTURALE ET DYNAMIQUE DE SOLUTIONS DE SUCRE CONFINEES." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160391.
Full textDans ce travail, nous nous sommes principalement intéressés à des solutions de mono- et disaccharides (glucose, fructose et tréhalose). La diffusion quasi-élastique des neutrons a permis de mesurer, à l'échelle de la picoseconde, la dynamique de l'eau et du sucre en solution et sous confinement dans des matériaux poreux présentant un mimétisme d'échelle avec le vivant. Les deux matrices sélectionnées, c'est-à-dire un gel de silice aqueux et des nanosphères de silice mésoporeuse de type MCM-41, qui présentent des diamètres de pores de 18 et 3 nm respectivement, ont été caractérisées grâce à un large panel de techniques expérimentales (SANS, MET, MEB, Spectroscopie Raman, BET, DRX). L'effet du confinement sur la dynamique et sur les transitions de phase solide-liquide a ainsi pu être exploré, ainsi que l'effet protecteur des sucres grâce à une étude de déshydratation in-situ suivie par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles.
Trivelli, Xavier. "Première étude structurale et dynamique d'une peroxyrédoxine par RMN." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10230.
Full textLelong, Gérald. "Etude structurale et dynamique de solutions de sucre confinées." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2004.
Full textSTOLL, SERGE. "Etude dynamique et structurale de systemes colloidaux en evolution." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13156.
Full textJuillard, Sandrine. "Étude structurale et dynamique de la myoglobine : insertion d'hèmes artificiels." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S170.
Full textKieffer, Bruno. "Etude structurale et dynamique des peptides en solution par rmn." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13049.
Full textPélosin, Véronique. "Dynamique de l'évolution structurale et spectroscopie mécanique de multicouches AgNi." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10121.
Full textTsan, Pascale. "Étude magnétique, structurale et dynamique du cytochrome c' de Rhodobacter capsulatus par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10106.
Full textCristiglio, Viviana. "Caractérisation structurale d'aluminates fondus : expérience et modélisation." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2008.
Full textMargeat, Emmanuel. "Energétique et dynamique structurale des interactions des récepteurs des oestrogènes humains." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON13516.
Full textMärker, Katharina. "Détermination structurale de systèmes organiques par polarisation dynamique nucléaire et RMN solide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV082/document.
Full textSupramolecular structure determination of organic solids is of utter importance for understanding their properties and function. Structural insights at the atomic level can be provided by magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. However, this technique faces strong limitations in sensitivity due to the low natural isotopic abundance (NA) of the key nuclei 13C and 15N (1.1 % and 0.37 %, respectively). Sensitivity enhancement by several orders of magnitude can be achieved with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) which is based on polarization transfer from electron to nuclear spins. The recent progress in the practical implementation of DNP opens up new and exciting possibilities for structure determination of organic solids which are explored in this thesis.The first step for structural studies with NMR is resonance assignment. The complete assignment of 13C and 15N resonances at NA is demonstrated here to be feasible based on DNP-enhanced 13C-13C and, for the first time, 13C-15N correlation spectra.The focus is then laid on obtaining structural information in the form of carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen distances from the buildup of polarization in dipolar recoupling experiments. Several strategies are discussed for recording such polarization buildup curves at NA. A decisive advantage of these measurements is that dipolar truncation is reduced to a great extent in samples at NA, enabling undisturbed polarization transfer over long distances and a simple description of the spin dynamics by numerical simulations. This is demonstrated experimentally on the self-assembled cyclic diphenylalanine peptide (cyclo-FF). The 13C-13C and 13C-15N buildup curves obtained are indeed sensitive to long distances (up to ~ 7 Å) and are in excellent agreement with the crystal structure of cyclo-FF. Moreover, each buildup curve represents a superposition of multiple intra- and intermolecular distance contributions and can therefore provide a wealth of structural information.It is subsequently shown that the high information content and the simple theoretical description of such polarization buildup curves enables determination of both the molecular and the supramolecular structure of cyclo-FF. This is achieved with the help of a dedicated computational code which creates structural models based on a systematic grid-search and ranks them according to their agreement with the experimental data.The thesis concludes by presenting improvements for the homonuclear dipolar recoupling pulse sequence SR26 which is a powerful sequence for use in NA samples. These improvements enable increased recoupling efficiency and the acquisition of 2D correlation spectra with large spectral widths.Overall, this thesis demonstrates that clear advantages lie in the use of NA samples for structural studies of organic solids, and that MAS-DNP enables structure determination which is mainly based on distance information from NMR data
Portal, Laura. "Synthèse et caractérisation structurale de nanocristaux d’oxydes métalliques." Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1446de7f-ad34-4523-a092-42b9d260355c/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4063.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis and the structural characterization of metallic oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 and TiO2) as well as their size/structure relationships. We elaborated nanoparticles with a size inferior to 5 nm and a narrow size distribution. The syntheses were performed by a non-hydrolytic sol-gel route. The structural study was carried out using several empirical and ab initio simulation methods and X-ray total scattering to extract the pair distribution functions (PDF) of the samples. We succeeded in synthesizing crystalline nanoparticles of ZrO2 and TiO2 with a size of about 3 nm and quasi mono-dispersed. In the case of ZrO2, we showed that the addition of metallic sodium in the reaction environment is a key parameter in order to have crystallized and single-phased nanoparticles with an average tetragonal structure. Various models of nanoclusters (ZrO2)n (with n < 200) were built using methods such as genetic algorithms, molecular dynamics and structural relaxation. Comparing their PDF with the experimental data revealed that: (i) the most energetically stable theoretical configurations are the most disordered, (ii) the stabilization of the surface of the models, obtained by saturation with water molecules, can limit the disorder. This result is more in agreement with the experimental data and emphasizes the importance of the surface of such nanometer-sized objects, (iii) finally, the structure, including core and surface, highly evolves with the size of the particles
Sue, Christian. "Dynamique actuelle et récente des Alpes occidentales internes : Approche structurale et sismologique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463852.
Full textCOUPRIE, JOEL. "Etude structurale et dynamique de l'oxydoreductase de dithiol-disulfure dsba d'escherichia coli." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112051.
Full textBeaudouin, Joël. "Dynamique structurale et moléculaire des protéines nucléaires révélée par microscopie de fluorescence." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077008.
Full textHamdoun, Ghanem. "Nouvelles méthodes RMN pour la caractérisation structurale et dynamique des agrégats organolithiés." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES018.
Full textBecause of their high reactivity and diversity, alkyllithium compounds are important reagents for both organic and polymer chemistry. In solution, these species exist as hexamers, tetramers, trimers, or dimers forms, depending on temperature, concentration, solvent, and on the nature of the alkyl chain. In the presence of oxygen, they lead to many kinds of mixed alkyllithium/lithium alkoxide aggregates in solution as they react with oxygen to give alkoxides and peroxides. The formation of those mixed aggregates, whose properties may be quite different from those of either pure component, affects substantially the reactivity of the alkyllithium coumpounds. The main objective of this work was to determine the structure, the solvation and aggregation states of pure alkyllithium compounds (Et6Li, Pr6Li, Bu7Li) and mixed alkyllithium/lithium peroxide aggregates, in THF, at low temperature. We have shown that these alkyllithium compounds existed as tetramer, and dimer forms in exchange within a dissociative mechanism. In the presence of the corresponding lithium alkoxide, a mixture of 5 tetra-solvated tetramers is formed. 1H Pure shift DOSY NMR was used for the characterization and the quantitative estimation of degree of solvation and aggregation state of n-butyllithium/lithium n-butoxide mixed aggregates. In the second part of this work, we have thought to use a new NMR method for the measurement of very weak 6,7Li-6,7Li scalar coupling. The strategy we used consisted in doubling the spin-spin splitting without altering the line width by the introduction of a scale factor into a 2D NMR J-resolved like experiment, named “SERF”. For more complex systems we have shown that the CT-COSY experiment in lithium 7 observation could be an alternative tool, resulting in accurate measurements of J7Li-7Li
Bonnot, Clément. "Récepteurs macropolycycliques biomimétiques : synthèse, étude structurale et dynamique, réactivité et propriétés stéréochimiques." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS037.
Full textNitrogenase, an enzyme produced by symbiotic bacteriae of leguminous plants, is involved in biological dinitrogen fixation process. This protein catalyses the reduction of N2 into a bioavailable form NH3 at room temperature and pressure. The active site of nitrogenase is a cofactor mainly made of iron centers bridged by sulfur atoms. A first part of the research work consisted in the synthesis of macropolycyclic aminothiolate receptors of iron ions, designed following structural features of this active site. The main goal was activation of N2 through coordination by this new complex. Several intermediates have been prepared along the multistep synthetic route to polyfonctionalized ligands. A detailed structural and dynamical study of one of them, a macropentacyclic cryptand, is exposed in a second part. Non chiral under its neutral form, this macropentacycle takes up a helically chiral conformation after reaction with one equivalent of acid
Audrain, Pascal. "Contrôle actif de l'intensité structurale dans une poutre." Le Mans, 2001. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2001/2001LEMA1009.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with active vibration control in one dirnensional structures. The control of flexural and extensional structural power flow is investigated. The instantaneous intensity is completely taken into account in the control algorithm, i. E. All the terms are considered in the real-time control process and, in particular, the evanescent waves are considered in this approach. The structural intensity has to be calculated from signals measured by several sensors. To do so, an intensity probe rnade of PVDF strain sensors is developped. The PVDF sensors are well suited for integration into structure in order to realize smart structures. A wave decomposition of the displacement field is used to calculate the structural power flow. A structural intensity optimal active control scheme is formulated and the numerical simulations illustrate the performance of this strategy. Experimental validation of the approach is conducted on a free-free beam and on a beam connected to a plate. A feedforward filtered-X LMS algorithm is adapted to control instantaneous intensity associated with flexural and extensional waves. This energy-based control problem involves a non-positive definite quadratic form in general. In this respect, the approach is limited to cases where the geometry is such that the intensity component will have the same sign for the control source and the primary disturbance. A finite difference scheme using PVDF strain sensors is presented and validated to measure and control structural power flow. The results show this strategy can be used to control vibration transfert in structures
Nguyen, Van Thé Lionel. "Théorie de Ramsey structurale des espaces métriques et dynamique topologique des groupes d'isométries." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139239.
Full textMessari, Imad. "Caractérisation structurale et dynamique du C60.4C6H6 :étude par RMN d'un solvaté de fullerène." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211932.
Full textNguyen, Van The Lionel. "Théorie de Ramsey structurale des espaces métriques et dynamique topologique des groupes d'isométries." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077014.
Full textTHE PURPOSE OF THIS THESIS IS TO INVESTIGATE THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GEOMETRY OF COMPLETE SEPARABLE ULTRAHOMOGENEOUS METRIC SPACES, THE STRUCTURAL RAMSEY THEORY OF FINITE METRIC SPACES AND THE THEORY Ol TOPOLOGICAL GROUPS TOGETHER WITH THEIR CONTINUOUS ACTIONS ON COMPACT SPACES. THE FIRST CHAPTER IS DEVOTED TO THE DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL CLASSES OF FINITE METRIC SPACES CHARACTERIZED BY THE EXISTENCE OF A REMARKABLE CANONICAL OBJECT CALLED 'URYSOHN SPACE1. THE SECOND CHAPTER IS DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF SEVERAL COMBINATOR1AL PROPERTIES (CALLED RAMSEY PROPERTY AND ORDERING PROPERTY) OFTHE CLASSES PRESENTED IN THE FIRST CHAPTER. THE IMPLICATIONS OFTHOSE PROPERTIES AT THE LEVEL OF THE URYSOHN SPACES AND THEIR ISOMETRY GROUP ARE THEN PRESENTED. IN PARTICULAR A GENERAL AND RECENT THEORY DUE TO KECHRIS, PESTOV AND TODORCEVIC IS USED TO COMPUTE A DYNAMICAL INVARIANT, NAMELY THE UNIVERSAL MINIMAL FLOW, ATTACHED TO SEVERAL TRANSFORMATION GROUPS. FINALLY, THE THIRD CHAPTER IS DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF THE SO CALLED INDIVISIBILITY PROPERTIES OF THE URYSOHN SPACES. IN PARTICULAR, THE ULTRAMETRIC CASE IS COMPLETELY SOLVED AND A COMBINATORIAL REFORMULATION OF AN ANALOG OF THE DISTORTION PROBLEM FOR THE SEPARABLE HILBERT SPACE IS OBTAINED IN THE OPEN CONTEXT OF THE UNIVERSAL URYSOHN SPACE
Ubeda-Gutermann, Maria. "Approche structurale et dynamique des descriptions et des explications dans une représentation sociale." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30044.
Full textIn this research, we are interested in the deviant person representation among Delinquency Prevention Local Councils members. 120 people have been dispatched in 3 subgroups according to their contact frequency with deviant people. Our thinking relies on the idea that the elements of a representation can play different roles and that the knowledge of an object is mainly given by the descriptive and/or explanatory elements of the social representation. The results show that for the people who have the least contacts, the representation plays a rather descriptive role whereas it has a rather explanatory role for those who have the most contacts with deviant people. These results suggest a possible relation between the descriptive or explanatory orientation of a social representation and the proximity between the human beings and the object of representation
Bon, Cécile. "Étude structurale et dynamique de l'eau à l'intérieur et autour du lysozyme triclinique d'oeuf de poule." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10134.
Full textFischer, Baptiste. "Caractérisation enzymatique et structurale d'une nouvelle famille d'aldéhyde déshydrogénase impliquée dans la dégradation de composés aromatiques toxiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0306/document.
Full textTwo phylogenetically and structurally unrelated families of NAD(P)-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes into activated or non-activated acids. These enzymes are known to be involved in many biological functions such as cellular differentiation, central metabolism, or detoxification pathways. The crystal structure of the bifunctional enzyme, 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase (DmpG)/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (DpmF) from Pseudomonas sp. CF600, leads to the identification of a new ALDH family. The DmpF subunit exhibits a non-phosphorylating CoA-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity while its structure belongs to the phosphorylating ALDH superfamily. The kinetics of the MhpEF orthologs from Escherichia coli and Thermomonospora curvata show that the kinetic parameters of MhpF do not depend of its oligomeric state, which is unique for an ALDH. In addition, the crystal structures of the enzyme with NAD+ or CoA, as well as the solution structure of the apoenzyme using SAXS, reveal the dynamics of the overall Rossmann fold between apo or cofactors-bound conformers, which is necessary to carry on the catalytic cycle. Finally, the catalytic mechanism and the structure of the thioacylenzyme intermediates indicate that MhpF is a hybrid between both ALDH families characterized to date
Tap, Julien. "Impact du régime alimentaire sur la dynamique structurale et fonctionnelle du microbiote intestinal humain." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066559.
Full textGiannotta, Jean-Claude. "Comportement mecanique et evolution structurale de cuivres de haute purete dans le domaine dynamique." Paris, ENMP, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0029.
Full textPommert, Jean-François. "Etude structurale et dynamique de l'organisation des caseines dans la fabrication du fromage fondu." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30115.
Full textLARPIN, DENIS. "Les formatioins ligneuses sur un inselberg de guyane francaise. Etude floristique, structurale et dynamique." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066401.
Full textNURIZZO, DIDIER. "Dynamique structurale de la nitrite reductase de pseudomonas aeruginosa, le long du chemin reactionnel." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112469.
Full textGuilhaudis, Laure. "Le complexe de la glycine décarboxylase : caractérisation structurale et dynamique de la protéine H." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10007.
Full textGauthier, Laurent. "Exemple d'étude structurale et dynamique en phase liquide et liquide surfondu : quinoléine et lépidine." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10151.
Full textGiannotta, Jean-Claude. "Comportement mécanique et évolution structurale de cuivres de haute pureté dans le domaine dynamique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375979425.
Full textPommert, Jean-François. "Etude structurale et dynamique de l'organisation des caséines dans la fabrication du fromage fondu." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617597v.
Full textDi, Bitetto Arnaud. "Étude structurale et dynamique d’hydroxydes doubles lamellaires : du matériau carbonaté aux hybrides organo-minéraux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0191/document.
Full textThis thesis work is based on the synthesis and the characterization of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by an approach combining vibrational spectroscopy, solid-state NMR and X-ray diffraction. The objectives include a description of the cations distribution in the layers, as well as a study of the structural and dynamic properties of the interlayer species. Investigations are mainly carried out for MgII/AlIII LDHs (ratio between 2 and 4) with an increased complexity of the intercalated species: from carbonate for which the materials have a preferential affinity, to other inorganic anions such as halides, perchlorate and nitrate, to finish with organo-mineral hybrids obtained by intercalation of organic anions/biomolecules (amino acids and cyclodextrins).The research carried out highlighted a local cationic order in the layers, preserved after anionic exchange. Furthermore, it has been possible to rationalize the behaviour of each anion in the interlayer space, which strongly depends on the layers charge density, as well as on the hydration state of the compounds. In particular, the coexistence between carbonate and hydrogenocarbonate anions in the interlayer space and their dynamic exchange with atmospheric carbon dioxide are revealed. On the other hand, a new interlayer dynamics probe by 27Al NMR is proposed. Finally, the step-by-step study of LDHs, first intercalating oxalate and then amino acids, allowed the transfer of the knowledge obtained for inorganic LDHs to organo-mineral hybrids. The manuscript ends with an application of cyclodextrins-containing hybrids for the treatment of water polluted with polycyclic organic compounds
Bchini, Raphaël. "Aldéhyde déshydrogénases non phosphorylantes : importance de la dynamique structurale au cours de la catalyse." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0254/document.
Full textAn essential feature of the catalytic mechanism of ALDH is the importance of flexibility and conformational dynamics in the active site, including the side chains of residues, substrate and cofactor. My thesis has identified bases responsible for the recognition of retinal controlling biosynthesis of retinoic acid in RALDH. I was then able to follow the flip of the cofactor reduced by using FRET, which allowed me to develop a kinetic model to determine the rate constant associated. Finally, the results obtained to identify the molecular basis responsible for late or early dissociation of the reduced cofactor showed that the mode of stabilization of the cofactor is the origin of this difference between these two families of enzymes
Cao, Anne-Marinette Hanh. "Etudes de la dynamique structurale des récepteurs métabotropiques du glutamate par fluorescence en molécule unique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT050.
Full textMetabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), which belong to class C of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), are well-known for their important roles in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Understanding of receptor activation is essential to decipher the receptor functioning, and thus orientate drugs design for targeted therapeutics. Recently, the number of GPCR crystal structures has increased exponentially thanks to the application of protein stabilization methods. However, these crystallography studies have revealed certain ambiguities and discrepancies, and these approaches do not take into account the dynamic nature of GPCR activation. Indeed, single-molecule studies, including single-molecule FRET (smFRET), have revealed the highly dynamic nature of GPCR in general, and fast conformational changes of mGluR domains in particular. Here, we study the activation mechanism of the full-length mGluR by FRET techniques at ensemble and single-molecule level. Homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) was applied for optimizing the sample preparation. An appropriate protocol was established, allowing to extract mGlu2 full-length in detergent from the HEK293T cells without significantly affecting its pharmacology and stability. smFRET experiments were performed using the combination of multiparameter fluorescence detection (MFD) with pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE). Advanced data analysis such as ratiometric FRET efficiency, lifetime-based FRET measurement, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) revealed that the fast dynamic oscillation in sub-millisecond timescale of the full-length mGlu2, and prove the stabilization role of the transmembrane domain of the full-length receptor in favor of the active state
Abiven, Samuell. "Relations entre caractéristiques des matières organiques apportées, dynamique de leur décomposition et évolution de la stabilité structurale du sol." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSAR0044.
Full textDegradation of soil physical quality is a common problem that occurs in many different agrosystems. This is for example the case in vegetable cropping systems in Brittany, France, Soil structure degradation has agronomic (gaseous and water dynamics, germination and rooting of crops, pathogenic agents propagation) and environmental (erosion and runoff) consequences. µAdding organic matter as amendment is a possible method of improvement for degraded sistuations. However, the effect of the organic inputs depending of their initial characteristics is still to better understand. The objective of this project is to study relationships between initial quality of organic inputs and their effects on soil structural stability, physical property that definites the structural resistance of soil to physical stress
Lemee, Laurent. "Caractérisation structurale de la matière organique complexe des sols et des sédiments - Dynamique et réactivité -." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Poitiers, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131020.
Full textL'étude de la structure et de l'évolution de la matière organique des sols et des sédiments a nécessité la mise en œuvre de techniques d'analyse globales comme la spectroscopie infra-rouge ou la RMN 13C (CP-MAS) et plus approfondies comme la pyrolyse off line ou on line (Py-GC/MS). En fonction des informations obtenues, nous avons appliqué aux macromolécules biologiques, des réactions de dégradation plus sélectives par voie chimique ou enzymatique. Le développement ou l'adaptation de ces techniques et réactions de dégradation a donc constitué une large partie de ce travail.
L'étude de la matière organique complexe des sols et des sédiments fait apparaître la présence de chaînes aliphatiques, liées au réseau macromoléculaire par des liaisons éther ou ester, ou formant des ponts dialkyles. L'importance des liaisons de faible énergie a pu être soulignée dans la structure des substances humiques ainsi que la contribution ligneuse.
L'accumulation du carbone dans les tourbes et les sédiments s'est déroulée en milieu anoxique (conditions réductrices), cependant il existe des témoins de phénomènes d'oxydation qui ont pu se produire au préalable ou lors d'échanges possibles avec une phase mobile.
L'étude des processus de biodégradation du carbone dans les sols montre que les molécules simples, après oxydation, peuvent s'incorporer dans le réseau macromoléculaire par liaisons ester ou éther. Nous avons ainsi montré que l'apport de carbone organique sur des sols cultivés en améliore les qualités.
Habermacher, Chloé. "Exploration structurale et dynamique du phénomène d'activation des récepteurs P2Xs par de nouveaux outils optochimiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ050/document.
Full textPurinergic P2X receptors are implicated in a diverse range of physiopathological processes and are therefore promising therapeuthic target. Their study suffers from the lack of pharmacological tools selective of one subtype only and mechanisms by which the receptor switches between different conformational states remain elusive.We have developed novel optochemical tools based on azobenzene derivatives to obtain a spatio temporal control of the functionality of the receptor. Inspired by optogenetic pharmacology, we have designed an engineered receptor to control electrical activity of cultured neurons. Molecular photo-switchable tweezers have been developed to explore allosteric transitions of the protein and giving new insights into the P2X pore gating mechanism. This approach provides data enabling us to purpose a new model of the active state. The versability of the two strategies makes these tools promising for molecular and physiological studies of other membrane proteins
Dulu, Olivier. "Approche structurale de la compétence à s’orienter : proposition d’un modèle général, hiérarchique, dynamique et multivarié." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0949/document.
Full textWhat is the decision-making structure that underpins career self-determination? Having examined existing models and various studies of the impact of their respective variables, we propose a general model which is inspired by three others: a structural model differentiating between internal and external axes, a hierarchical model and a dynamic model. In order to confirm this hypothesis, we have conducted two distinct experiments. The first of these, with a sample group of 665 students from three university backgrounds (psychology, general science and humanities), enabled us to observe the changing dynamics of career maturity during a career guidance activity. The second experiment, carried out with 322 psychology and science students, showed the interaction of numerous internal personal characteristics, such as the locus of control, the feeling of self-efficacy, autonomy, decision stress and career maturity. As opposed to earlier general preconceptions, we suggest that this last characteristic (career maturity) is just one of the components of a general self-determination model based on hierarchy, dynamics and multiple variables. Subsequent research, carried out with 186 students, has shown the moderating and conflictual aspects of the values (autonomy and stimulation) adopted by persons open to change and the values (tradition and conformity) of persons preferring to continue without change within the decision process
Auger, Sarah. "Dynamique structurale d'une pessière à lichens ancienne à la limite nordique de répartition des forêts." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25717/25717.pdf.
Full textLlory, Jean-François. "Etude structurale et dynamique de la membrane du lymphocyte B dans la leucémie lymphoi͏̈de chronique." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11288.
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