Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamiques rurales'
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Chevalier, Pascal. "Dynamiques tertiaires de l'espace rural." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30048.
Full textPestaña, Gilles. "Mutations sociales et dynamiques des systèmes ruraux au Fouta-Djalon (République de Guinée)." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30004.
Full textThe Fouta-Djalon mountain of West Africa, constitue an important demographic ridge with heavy rural densities. The later are directly inherited from the theocratic empire of the Fuuta-Jaloo (18th-19th centuries) which was able to physically concentrate people with efficient policies. Today many aspects of the precolonial organization remain alive in the social interaction and agropastoral systems, although tree political regimes, have been in place from 1958 till today. A systematic approach shows that under an appearence of a blocked situation (demographic pressure, enviromental degradation, rigidity of social stratification, land tenure inequalities) the contradictions of the rural systems act more as factors contributing to permanent recomposition, which allows the system to by pass severe crises
Velontsoa, Laurent. "Dynamiques des milieux ruraux dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10023.
Full textPaquette, Sylvain. "Dynamiques des paysages et recomposition sociodémographique des communautés rurales du sud du Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65324.pdf.
Full textPradier, Béatrice. "Agriculture et dynamiques rurales en moyenne montagne. Le cas de la Haute-Loire." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10053.
Full textIbrahim, Nafisa. "Dynamiques rurales et mutations socio-spatiales dans la région d'Albayda (Libye) de 1970 à 2009." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA3005.pdf.
Full textLn the mid seventies, the Libyan State set up a rural planning policy aiming at several regions and having as objective the material improvement of the population's living conditions, the settlement of nomads and the development of territories. The research consisted in questioning the local applications of this policy, in particular the agricultural project of the region of Albayda, situated in Djebel Alakhdar, a region which is subjected to the wettest climate of Libya ; the Mediterranean climate. The regulations are applied there in an agricultural department, specialized in cereal growing, arboriculture and pastoralism. 428 parcels of about ten hectares, with ail the equipment (housin tractor, tank) were granted in order to increase the agricultural production and insure a self-sufficiency. Thus our research work deals with the socio spatial mutations of this region (Albayda), which has enough natural and human resources, though it does not reach a satisfactory economic development level. The economic and social development policy relating to the rural spaces, set up in 1973, did not allow to reach the announced objectives. The farmer had varied reactions toward this policy. Furtherrnore their lands undergo the competition of the periurbain spaces in a large extension. The thesis deals largely with analyzing the reactions of the actors in terms of participation, discussion and negotiation. As methodology, we drew on a bibliographical research dealing with the socio spatial mutation in Libya, and tried to collect ail other existing data and results of surveys with 202 households in the agricultural parcels (among 428)
Orgeval, Dubouchet Isabelle d'. "Incidence des stratégies individuelles et collectives des femmes rurales sur les dynamiques du développement au Bénin : cas du département du Zou." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INAP0001.
Full textPalisse, Marianne Martin Jean-Baptiste. "Les Bauges entre projets institutionnels et dynamiques locales patrimoines, territoires et nouveaux lieux du politique /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/palisse_m.
Full textDoligez, François. "Innovations financières, financement du développement et dynamiques rurales : études comparées au Bénin, en Guinée et au Nicaragua." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100123.
Full textBased on experiences as technical support provider to microfinance institutions, the present thesis seeks to understand the emergence of these institutions in a context of financial liberalization and their impact on rural economic dynamics in developing countries. Using three case studies, the research draws from recent findings in the areas of economics and anthropology to analyze the relationships that have been established between finance, economics and society as a result of microfinance. The findings show that microfinance generates positive effects resulting from the increased access to financial services. However the findings also reveal the risks of uncontrolled growth and the ambiguities that can arise when financial services are offered within a context of private ownership. Différent forms of economic equilibrium can be observed and are questioning to the social regulation of the sector as well as the formulation of public policies
Mercado, Mondragón Jorge. "Dynamiques familiales rurales de reproduction et politique néolibérale au Mexique : étude de cas : Hueyotlipan, Etat de Tlaxcala." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010651.
Full textOtmane, Tayeb. "Mise en valeur agricole et dynamiques rurales dans le Touat, le Gourara et le Tidikelt (Sahara algérien)." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1038.
Full textThe Touat-Gourara-Tidikelt’s area, known as the “foggara’s land”, represents a quarter of Algerian Sahara, which is a part of one of the most arid area in the world. It was exploited for more than a millennium by the oases’ populations involved in the trans- Saharan trade. The socio-spatial organisation of the area was deeply affected by the French colonization during the first part of the XXe century and after 1962 by the Algerian policies based on spatial integration and economic development. In this area, two agricultural systems currently exist. The first one, is a traditional system based on the foggara’s irrigation, the second one emerged in the 1980’s throughout the rural landplaning projects and is based on modern agricultural practices and technologies. Those systems influenced each other and came to socio-spatial mutations partly due to the apparition of new actors. Those mutations combined with the gradual urbanisation of Sahara, the reorganization of the labour market and the trend to develop economic pluriactivity in oases, tend to deeply modify the Saharan rurality in the Touat-Gourara-Tidikelt’s land. Thus, the sustainability of these Saharan’s agricultural patterns deserves, nowadays, to be questioned and reconsidered. The Algerian development is based for its largest part on Saharan’s hydrocarbons, basically, the oases’ people don’t derive that much a profit from this extrovert economy. Inversely, the political choice to support Saharan’s agriculture offers real economical views, with regard to local development. Economically, the profitability of those agricultural systems will depend on their successful insertion within the national trade networks. Nevertheless, their impact on the local economy is real. Socially, Saharan’s rurality has built the greatest part of its identity on symbols that are linked to agricultural practices. However, Saharan’s massive urbanisation deeply shakes this legacy up. Finally, from an ecological point of view, the future of these agricultural systems will depend on the management of underground water resources, that are mostly non renewable
Mfewou, Abdoulay. "Migrations, dynamiques agricoles et problèmes fonciers dans le bassin de la Bénoué (Nord Cameroun)." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070073.
Full textFrom 1970s, migratory currents come from Extreme-Nord region, at first organized and supervised by the administration, then free, made the population triple in certain zones of the North-Cameroon region. The density of populating exceeds 20 hab. / km2 today. The migrants had to fill a demographic space and make progress the cotton speculation and the cultures of cereal. However, the space was only visible, because these spaces belonged economically to the breeders and politically to the Fulani lamidats which had conquered them at the beginning of the XIXth century. The migrants, by their massive arrival, questioned the first usage of these spaces, dedicated in breedings, as well as the areas protected from the region of the North. The Lagdo zone, downstream to a dam realized from 1977 till 1982, summarizes all the history of these migrants and the stakes which puts the migratory phenomenon, both on the plan technical and land and political. Through this study of the Migrations, the agricultural dynamics and the land problems in the valley of Benoue ( North-Cameroon), this region served as laboratory to elaborate a local history of the development. The led of investigations was based on knowledge pulled by a population census of Lagdo made by the Mission of Study for the Development of the Superior Valley of the Benoue ( MEAVSB) in 2001. This census had been realized from a sample of 1 507 leaders farms chosen among a population bordering 10 000 inhabitants and located around four villages of the perimeter irrigated by Lagdo (Gounougou, Ouro Doukouje, Bessoum, and Dingale). Our inquiries concerned the same sample of peasant population and were made by three investigators working under our supervision. The data were collected by means of an individual questionnaire concerning the agricultural productions, the migrations and the stakes in the land question. The questionnaire addressed the leaders of exploitation and was thus interested in the social changes during the last four decades. The data analysis was treated with the software SAS (SAS Institute 2004) for the size of the studied population and the quantitative data. It emerges from our results that the creation of the Agro-industrial Society of Benoue (SAIB), in a neuralgic place of the North Cameroon, woke several land conflicts which were in sleep, setting various actors of development (migrants, SAIB, lamido, breeders). This installation of the society provoked the departure of 36 % of the farmers of the zone who found refuge in the nearby villages (Ouro-Labo I and II, Bame, Ngon, Rabinga, Gouna, Mayo Rey). Even after several attempts of mediations driven by the administration through a signed draft agreement and after the mediation brought by convent schools (Moslem, Catholic and Protestant), the SAIB entered in crisis from the first year of its existence and thus knows from its arrival of the difficulties of functioning, driving to a total abandonment of its activities. Agronomically, if these conflicts do not affect the returns on the cultures in field (rice, corn, muskuwari, cotton groundnut, they causes a social turnover among the farmers. The agricultural results are a function of the quantity of registered rains (1 000 mm in 2005), of the earth quality and the factor of productions (seeds, fertilizers, weed-killers, hand of work). The migratory phenomenon provoked mathematically the increase of the surface in the whole of the cotton zone, either 203 020 ha for a production of 220 300 ton cotton-grain and 422 150 ha for a production of dry seeds (sorghum S. P, muskuwari, sorghum with long cycle, corn, groundnut, rice, bean / niebe, vaondzou, soya), or 390 720 tons in the cotton zone. Surfaces cultivated in four studied villages divide up into main cultures (375 ha of rice in rainy season, 265 ha of rice in dry season with 3 500 kg / ha in means, 630 ha of sorghum with 1 200 kg / ha, 475 ha of muskuwari 1 500 kg / ha, 380 ha of corn with 1 500 kg / ha, 310 ha of cotton with 1 600 kg / ha, 125 ha of groundnut with 1 200 kg / ha). The secondary cultures (niebe, sesame, manioc, onion, sweet potato, eggplant) and fruit trees represent only 2 % of the cultivated surfaces. The majority of these products become enlightened in rainy season (from April till October). As a result the production of cereal (600 kg / person / year) is three times superior to the food needs of the populations (200 kg / person / year approximately according to the standards FAO), what explains that a major part of the production rizicole is marketed. It is however far from satisfying the food needs of the region. The prizes of the speculations vary according to the request on the market, that is 16 000 Fcfa for 100 kg of sorghum, 12 000 Fcfa for 100 kg of corn, 32 000 Fcfa for 90 kg of rice, 13 000 Fcfa for 90 kg of muskuwari, 16 000 Fcfa for 100 kg of bean / niebe, 14 000 Fcfa for 100 kg of groundnut. The installation of the migrants in the valley of Benoue shows results of agricultural productions (muskuwari, corn, rice, cotton) very fluctuating from one year to the next, who can be positive or negative. However, the recurring land conflict due to the lack of reassurance in rural zone leaves the farmers in a situation of precariousness and requires one re-form agrarian. But, the hostage taking of the children of breeders and the insecurity of the persons take it on the land problems in the North-Cameroon. This insecurity risks to suffocate economically the region and to become a plague to be eradicated before speaking again development
Arreghini, Louis. "Formes et acteurs du changement territorial dans les périphéries du monde : dynamiques urbaines et mutations rurales en Bolivie." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647076.
Full textBoureima, Amadou. "Contribution à l'étude et à l'aménagement des ressources du milieu naturel : exemple de la colonisation des nouvelles terres et la dynamiques des agrosystèmes le long du Goroubi au Niger." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30026.
Full textFor a long time, the goroubi's region, in the southern band of west niger, was a periforest area, where the presence of mankind was rare and limited in timer. This region presents a rather flat and homogeneous relief with fertil soils, adapted to extensive cereal farming over large areas. . Annual rainful is in the ordre of 600mm to 700mm, which is characteristic of this sahelian and sudanese band. This latest climatic crises in niger (1973-1984) have led to a southward migration of the northern populations afflicted by the drought. This migration concerns the goroubi region in particular, due to the favourable pluviometric conditions and under-populations. This migration has been encouraged by the politic authorities, even though necessary measures have not been taken in order to facilitate the southward migration. This had led to a clearing and a cultivation of the new goroubi lands by new immigrants and also by other farmers, who reside for the most part in the capital. An interpretation of areal photographs of 1956,1975 and our personal observations and groundwork in 1988 and 1989 have highlighted a clearcut progression and the degradation of the natural environment. The development of this environment requires an improvement in methods of livestock rearing in particular as well as various other methods aimed at the restoration of soil fertility
Ndiaye, Bocar. "Les Malinke du Sénégal : des abords de la Faleme aux rives de la Gambie : du pays aux territoires : dynamiques agraires et socio-spatiales." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30059.
Full textThe Malinkés had genius in the development of an operational system organizing individuals within a network regulated with actions and mutual reactions (the model). Hustled by significant historical and contemporaries factors, the <> is split into parts, revealing micro-territories with quite different profiles. Access to modern economy strengthens these differences and end up by opposing three systems: a system maintained better (the <>), an altered system (the <>) and a disarticulate system (the <>). Mitigated results (due to the innumerable upheavals), clashes and incomprehension, have put on the agenda the effectiveness of development policies. A situation as much more alarming than it’s with certain nostalgia the actors describe and report the old system, however wrongly qualified as <>
Puig, Carole. "Les campagnes roussillonnaises au Moyen-Age : dynamiques agricoles et paysagères entre le XIIe et la première moitié du XIVe." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20095.
Full textStudying agricultural practices and landscapes, this work aims to show the main transformations Roussillon encountered from the XIIth to the XIVth century, because its agriculture, breeding, fishing and hunting practices informs us on the whole societey. Thanks to the use of both Field Archaeology and written documents, the former obscure branches of the rural life, can now be better understood. All steps of production have been studied, from the field preparation, to the products consumption or marketing. It shows agrowth, which reveals a stronger influence of people on their land. This is to link with the deep social transformations. Farmers, lords and the prince, but also merchants, are responsible for a larger dynamism, which connects more strongly Roussillon's countryside to the Mediterranean trade. These factors, undoubtly, have consequences on the reintegration of the short-lived Kingdom of Majorque, in the Crown of Aragon
Andrianampiarivo, Tsiry. "Les petites prospérités rurales en Itasy, Madagascar : apport d’une analyse microéconomique des classes sociales intermédiaires dans l’étude des dynamiques du changement structurel." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0292/document.
Full textAgriculture and rural sector play a key role in the development process of agriculture-based countries. This function can beensured only by public policy that takes into account the diversity and complexity of rural areas. It is therefore essential todeepen the knowledge of each context and the ongoing dynamics. This study introduces an analysis of the relationshipsbetween rural social structure and structural transformation through a microeconomic perspective, with an application inMadagascar, in the Itasy region. Specifically, the Moderate Prosperty class, which is an adaptation of the middle class notionto poor rural areas, is used as an analytical framework. To this end, the first step aims to conduct a conceptual, theoretical andmethodological construction of the Moderate Prosperity notion by using the rural livelihoods framework and provides anoperational conceptual framework. Second, the conceptual framework, thus defined, is used to implement a multidimensionalstratification of the social space in Itasy by conducting a classification method on quantitative data dating from 2008. Thisstep aims to define the various Moderate Prosperity and social classes that reflect the heterogeneity of the nature andprofitability of the rural households’ livelihoods. Third, a dynamic analysis of the Moderate Prosperity groups is conductedby combining quantitative with qualitative methods based on a longer observation period. Several trajectories linked to thevarious classes can be observed. They allow us to understand the construction and transformation process of the familyproductive organizations in Itasy. The last step uses the Moderate Prosperity framework to study the specific issue of thecredit demand and the supply adequacy on the financial market in Itasy. It appears that the financing demand is highlysegmented according to the social groups and the available supply cannot meet their financing needs, despite the existence ofinnovative products. Inclusive policies that are adapted to each household profile are therefore necessary to ensure a rapidand harmonious structural transformation in Itasy
Guibert, Bertrand. "Entre nature et cultures : constructions culturelles et représentations du territoire : des faits historiques aux dynamiques rurales actuelles en Rouergue." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788690.
Full textRomdhane, Abderrazak. "Evolution des systèmes agro-pastoraux et dynamiques locales dans la délégation d'El Hamma-Gabès Sud tunisien." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100045.
Full textThe district of el Hamma in the north east of Tunisia has known socio-economic changes reflecting the agro-pastoral customs of the beni-zid people. The changes found expression in the privatization of land collectives, the creation of new irrigated perimeters and the expense of the covered lands, the planning of some steppes where we can see olivers and fruit trees behind the tabias near the jebels and the construction of many habitations. New strategies of agro-pastoral production in the south of Tunisia are dominated but next ways of managing natural resources like buying animal feeds, sale of water for animals and transhumance towards the north of the country. This investigation is an attempt to analyses and value all these changes "pastoral breeding continues of play an important economic role». Agriculture in the frequent difficulties for farmers whose viability never seems assured. The climatic conditions and the tribal traditions were not considerate in the different actions of management. Nevertheless, the improve use of water, better defense of animals and showing the advantages of Oglet Marteba and el Bhaier could be able to augment the revenues and prevent further exodus from rural areas and defend against desertification
Catala, Laurence. "Parcours artistiques et culturels de jeunes habitants dans les perspectives et les enjeux des dynamiques rurales en pays Midi Quercy." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708808.
Full textGarcia, Catala Laurence. "Parcours artistiques et culturels de jeunes habitants dans les perspectives et les enjeux des dynamiques rurales en pays Midi Quercy." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20003/document.
Full textThis thesis is about contribution of young inhabitants ( between 15 and 25 years old) in cultural dynamism and futur of rural areas, through artistic and cultural behaviours, initiatives and events. This research takes into account the strong appeal of rural territories wich is shown by population’s movements and new social composition. The thesis deals with a context where cultural politics are built on a local level, are related with local development and are based on empowerment of the population. This work leans on a qualitative methodology semi-directive, interwiews, free discussions and on participating observations. The first goal is to understand how young inhabitants make their local life environment active by their artistic and cultural behaviours. The next goal is to research the link between their way of living and their background, and try to understand the need of regular back and forth trips between town and country, between here and elsewere. This approach allows us to grasp the capacity they have to build the collective places in wich they’re living, and gives a way of understanding collective dynamics of coming years
Chin, Véronique. "La modernisation de l'agriculture chinoise : le cas des filières d'élevage : économie paysanne et dynamiques industrielles." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0099.
Full textThis study examines the modernization processes of Chinese agriculture since 1980 with a special focus on swine and poultry industries. Emerging production systems and development factors are studied through field studies in Guangdong province. When typical development patterns appeared in the poultry industry, the swine industry shows a different development path with small size family productions staying predominant. These small size productions result from land policy, rural underemployment and markets instabilities. In addition to animal husbandry, this study shows how small farms, with peasant roots, had remarkably adapted and evolved through multiple paths. As such, they allow a better understanding of the specific constraints of China's agricultural and food industries, as well as show that there is not only one way to economic development
Roldán, Andrade Úrsula. "Stratégies et dynamiques paysannes face à la politique agraire d'après-guerre au Guatemala : (entre le processus de paix et les politiques néolibérales, 1985-2009)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010635.
Full textPalisse, Marianne. "Les Bauges entre projets institutionnels et dynamiques locales : patrimoines, territoires et nouveaux lieux du politique." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/palisse_m.
Full textBased on fieldwork in the mountainous region of Bauges, in the Savoie, and more precisely in the Canton of Chatelard, this thesis introduces an approach to research that explores relationships to time and space, and how members of a contemporary rural community create a sense of social community. Once nearly deserted, the locality is now experiencing a revitalization due to immigration. Groups from diverse origins are living alongside one another, and, though remaining linked to networks that extend beyond the locality, they are attempting to build a community. At the same time, in projects depicting the patrimonial heritage of the area, institutions, including a regional natural Park, convey an image of the community as based on a model of federation. While these representations have been popular with tourists, the local population contests them, citing that they do not recognize themselves in these images. In contrast with the history valorized by the images of patrimonial history, which convey a territorial continuity and tend to position members of the community as spectators of a reality upon which they have little influence, the inhabitants have recourse to a memory in which they describe themselves as actively forging community. Far from copying a model available from cities, the locality is attempting to produce a community founded on experimentation, creating new modes of public space that permit members to engage directly in political life, without any intermediaries
Tchekote, Hervé. "Financement rural et développement durable : logiques d'acteurs et dynamiques territoriales dans l'Ouest du Cameroun." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010597.
Full textHinnewinkel, Christelle. "La montagne convoitée : contribution à l'étude des dynamiques environnementales et sociales dans les Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu, Inde)." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30044.
Full textThe land use of the Nilgiri Plateau in South of India has been totally changed since last century. When population wasn't large, the communities shared the land according to their activities : only the lands near the villages were cultivated. The others were grassland for buffaloes or under forest. Since the coloniale time, the area development (english vegetable and tea plantations) has caused immigration from the plain. At the same time, reservoirs were built in order to stock water for the agriculture in plain. The development schemes try to match up the area development with the need to preserve water ressources
Gondard, Delcroix Claire. "La combinaison des analyses qualitative et quantitative : pour une étude des dynamiques de pauvreté en milieu rural malgache." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40017.
Full textRebai, Nasser. "A chacun son chemin : une analyse de la redéfinition des stratégies paysannes et des dynamiques territoriales dans le contexte migratoire des Andes équatoriennes." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010690.
Full textImbou-Ngalamou, Annick Judicaëlle. "Les organisations paysannes en République du Congo : émergence et signification des dynamiques organisationnelles dans le secteur agricole en zones péri-urbaines et rurales." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20046/document.
Full textThe emergence of peasant organizations in peri-urban and rural areas in Republic of Congo in particular with Brazzaville and in the Plateau, has a dual logical understanding; peasant farmers view and at the same time, institutional view influenced by external actors, the state, NGOs, bilateral and multilateral cooperation agencies. We see the emergence of new organizational dynamics, which lead to the creation of new spaces and the coming in of social actors who position themselves as intermediaries between financial flows circulating in these environments. These new players are distinguished by their charisma, their skills, their endogenous knowledge of the environment, social affiliation, and their position in the local arena. Elite, young, woman, religious, village elder, etc., they acquire legitimacy in their communities, become real brokers controlling the communication channels between donors and farmers. Whether self imposed or promoted, these new actors play a central role in the arena of possibilities. Whatever their origin, these dynamics do not wipe out the cleavages that have existed and still appear in new forms, the cause of conflicts between actors. In addition, development aid enjoyed by farmers and their associations is certainly not neutral. It conveys the ideology of donors, and influences the behavior of farmers to cope with the requirements of support structures and may result in different degrees of loss of their autonomy
Diop, Djibril. "Dynamiques territoriales, décentralisation et enjeux de développement local dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal : cas des communautés rurales de la région de Matam." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010519.
Full textHounmenou, G. Bernard. "Décentralisation, gouvernance participative et dynamiques locales de développement : étude de cas en milieu rural au Bénin." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS007S.
Full textEconomics considers decentralization as a tool towards the adjustment of supply to collective goods demand. In public policies, its implementation is often justified by goals such as local preference revelation, governance promotion, or the proximity of the actors that contribute to the production of the collective goods. In this dissertation, the efficiency of decentralization is analyzed with respect to these various objectives. Theoretically, it relies on public and institutional economics studies, completed by other studies in the fields of governance theory and proximity economics. Empirically, the analyses of the dissertation rely on the dynamics of collective goods production in rural areas of Benin. Those analyses show that decentralization constitutes both a factor of proximity creation and of revelation of the local actors’ preference, in the production of collective goods. In a context of low rural mobility, proximity enables the actors to cooperate and reveal their preference in the context of this production. Through the participation of the actors to collective production, decentralization triggers the progressive emergence of local governance
Pistre, Pierre. "Renouveaux des campagnes françaises : évolutions démographiques, dynamiques spatiales et recompositions sociales." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764869.
Full textTaillade, Jean-Jacques. "Les dynamiques dans la gestion de l'espace et des ressources naturelles sur les interfluves de l'Ouest malgache : Cas des éleveurs Sakalava du Menabé." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30064.
Full textThe problems linked to the preservation of the natural vegetation in the west of madagascar can be seen in many different ways. Forms of made-man degradation, most visible in some sectors, tend to demonstrate that the environment/society interface corresponds to man's aggressive action and leads to the progressive disappearance of sylvan areas. However, the dry forest, despite several centuries of human occupation, still occupies vast surfaces. Arboroginal societies, sakalava and pre-sakalava, are known to have made great use of the forest. The value of this environment was undoubtedly acknowledged by these populations who had enforced rules enabling them to define limits to lumbering. Several external factors (colonisation, migrations, appearance of free market) have contribued to the evolution of human behaviours towards more aggressiveness and less respect for the natural vegetation. Although this trend is general, there is also a resistance from big sakalava graziers, anxious to avoid redistribution of prosperity, who regards themselves as the supporters of a traditiona and "ecological" management of the forest, and develop new strategies to use space in order to appropriate the main forest-clad mountains in the area
Prunier, Delphine. "De nouvelles ruralités en Amérique centrale ? : dynamiques de mobilité, ressources et organisations familiales." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952934.
Full textKouma, Mamadou. "Dynamiques périurbaines à l'épreuve de la décentralisation : l'expérience de la commune de Kalabancoro au Mali." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080002.
Full textI propose to question the modalities of establishment of communal territories, by debating decentralization, its contours and its effects on the urbanization of Bamako's periphery; but also to identify the actors located at different territorial scales, to analyze their roles in the transformation of the territory according their relations and interrelations
Ouedraogo, Moussa. "Décentralisation et dynamiques locales de développement durable au Burkina Faso : étude de cas dans les communes rurales dans la région de la Boucle du Mouhoun dans la partie nord-ouest du pays." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA3006/document.
Full textDue to the persistence of socio-politico-economic multifaceted crises and the inefficient of the centralized of the practice development management issues to curb the underlying causes, Burkina Faso like many sub-Saharan African countries were obliged to adopt new political reforms. These reforms which are more opened to the promotion of the democracy and the sharing power between the state and other actors are perceived as adequate ways to improve governance at the local level and as a catalyst to establish the most solid foundation for development. It’s in this objective that the process of decentralization was promoted by the governmental authorities. However, these decentralization reforms are imposed by governmental authorities and actors in charge of the implementation of development policies as a way that must allow the more effective implementation of sustainable development. It’s the turn of this problem of correlation between the process of decentralization and the sustainable development that have organized the work of our thesis. The methodology of research which combined qualitative and quantitative approaches has allowed collecting important information and data on theoretical and practical aspects of the experiences in six rural communities in the Northwest Region of Burkina Faso. Besides the magazine of the literature, surveys have been conducted in six target municipalities. These surveys concerned resident populations, and producers (men and women), local development associations, the mayors, the agents of the administrations municipalities, agents of the technical department decentralized by the state
Bruckmann, Laurent. "L'intégration des zones inondables dans la gestion de l'eau et le développement de l'irrigation d'une vallée fluviale sahélienne : le cas des terres de décrue de la moyenne vallée du Sénégal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC214/document.
Full textSince the decline of water resources in the 1970s, the middle Senegal river valley is a space dealing with many socio-environmental changes. Public policies have controlled the river with two dams, Manantali and Diama, and made the valley the preferred location for the development of irrigated agriculture for the national supply of rice. Faced to this situation, the floodplains wetlands, characterized by a flood/recession rythm, are forgotten by development policies. The objective of the thesis is to understand how these flood recession lands fit into socio-environmental changes, and finally to define their current roles for local populations into the reorganization of the middle Senegal river valley.The work is based on a study of the socio-ecological system of the floodplain of the middle valley. The methodology thus has several components. A hydrological analysis and a mapping of the dynamics of the flooded areas by remote sensing, showed the importance of the management choices of the Manantali dam in the allocation of water for the flood in the valley. Socio-economic surveys, carried out in four village terroirs and using semi-structured interviews, highlighted the integration of flood-recession related activities into household strategies, and define the economic, food supply and ecological functions between the different agro-ecological units of the floodplain. Finally, factors holding flood-recession related activities have been identified at household level, such as the diversity of ecosystem services, the heritage value of these areas and the integration of households in irrigation
Adésir-Schilling, Michèle. "L'herbe, le poisson et le riz : transformation des paysages et dynamiques paysannes dans le Kotiya (Delta central du Niger, Mali)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010577.
Full textSince 1968, persistent water deficits severely reduced the flood plains and natural resource base of the inland delta of Niger in Mali. In the Kotiya, a region situated in the heart of this complex watershed, the extended drought has had tremendous effects on the agricultural landscape, as witnessed by the underlying socio-economic changes. In this region of low population density, natural resources have traditionally been shared between the bozo fisherman and the transhumant fulani herdsmen. Despite deteriorating climatic conditions, inhabitants of the kotiya were able to take advantage of reduced flooding levels to develop a substantial rice-based agricultural system. The continuation of sufficient flooding attracted neighboring populations who were forced to migrate from nearby droughtafflicted regions and resettle in the kotiya. Interested by the ample natural resources still available, these settlers created new areas of resettlement in the kotiya referred to as daaka. These changes resulted in increased competition for the scarce natural resources and limited space which led to land disputes between herdsmen and agriculturists. As a result, ethnic conflicts have begun to pose serious questions concerning the future of herding activity in the region. Within this context of exceptional variability and change, affected populations were obliged to adapt by changing their socio-economic activities and their allocation of natural resources. Data from this system were collected, integrated, analyzed and compiled into a geographic information system (gis). The gis was found to be an efficient tool providing insight into the complex nature of the relation between man, space and time in the inland delta of Niger in Mali
Comes-Trinidad, Emilie. "Etude des dynamiques de peuplement en contexte de moyenne montagne à la fin du Moyen Age et au début de l'époque moderne (XIIè-XVIIè siècles) : Le cas du bassin versant de l’Eyrieux (Ardèche)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ2001.
Full textThe Eyrieux drainage basin, in the centre of the actual department of Ardèche, is a middle mountain area, considered as a step between Massif Central and Rhône valley. As an intersection between various cultural, political and historical influences, this area is a perfect field for the study of human dynamics, especially scattered settlements dynamics at the end of Middle Ages. The study delivered nuanced results, some of which fit the major development trends identified at smaller scales and others are original. Actually, the scattered settlement has been identified as a preferential support for the extension of agricultural development since Carolingian period. In spite of monastic officering from the 10th century and landlords officering from the 11th century, the scattered settlement remains part of the territory. Although some castral or ecclesial centres generate real villages, the biggest part of the area is globally occupied by scattered settlements. At the end of Middle Ages, two agricultural development movements based on mas and tenant farms were driven by the land lords and a nascent commoner elite. A real gap in development emerged between the western part of the area, which was generally rich and populated, and the eastern part of the area, which seemed to suffer more from the late-medieval crises. Periods of crisis and modern human and economic recovery contributed to the spread and consolidation of the scattered settlements in a context of changing population dynamics brought about by the end of the castles and the disappearance of the church within a territory shared by two faiths
Darly, Ségolène. "Faire coexister ville et agriculture au sein des territoires périurbains : antagonismes localisés et dynamiques régionales de la conflictualité : analyse du cas de l'Ile de France." Paris, EHESS, 2009. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01744762.
Full textWe analyse in this thesis the conflicts that influence the spatial coexistence of urban and agricultural activities within periurban territories. We study more precisely the spatial and territorial dimensions of these conflicts, in order to describe their regional dynamics. We base our conclusions on the observation of two sets of conflicts, located in the Ile-de-France region and gathered from the screening of daily press articles and administrative justice decisions. These indirect datas are also completed by several interviews and one local study of a small territory located in the Val-de-Marne (94). In the first part of the document, we point out the ways of action that are currently followed by actors during land use conflicts, and we propose a set of analysis tools designed to study their spatial and territorial dimensions. In the second part, we draw the regional tendances of conflictuality, using the datas extracted from the press and the justice decisions. At last, in the third part, we map the conflict spaces and identify conflict territories located in the commuter belt. From these results, we evaluate the influence of two sets of geographical factors (spatial and socioeconomical) on the emergence of conflicts
Barragan-Ochoa, Fernando. "Les petits producteurs, les villes et le lait : défis du ravitaillement alimentaire dans les Andes du nord de l'Equateur." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H049/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the small producers challenges in the food supply to cities in the Northern Andes in Ecuador. It analyses the structure and functioning of the complex of dairy product supply to cities at national level. Production and commercialisation strategies adopted by small producers' are studied at local level with two examples: Machachi and Nono. The supply complex is analysed as a spatial network where the areas of production and points of sale and consumption arc interconnected generating dialectical dynamics of mutual transformation through the interaction of all the different stakeholders. Historically the complex has been structured according to the needs and characteristics of the medium and large-sized producers. In the last decades though, small producers have been using different strategies between the countryside and cities und have become key stakeholders. The incorporation of small producers in this dynamic shows their great ability to adapt to opportunities created by a growing market. However, their interactions with the other stakeholders show inequality in the power relations, which has only marginally been addressed. Different modes of integration for small producers are yet to be created
Esta tesis se interesa por los desafíos de los pequeños productores en el abastecimiento alimentario urbano a través del caso de los Andes norte en Ecuador. Se estudia la estructura y el funcionamiento del complejo de aprovisionamiento urbano de productos lácteos en una escala nacional. Las estrategias productivas y de comercialización de los pequeños productores son observados en una escala local a través de dos ejemplos: Machachi y Nono. El complejo de abastecimiento es analizado como una red espacial, donde las áreas de producción, los puntos de comercialización y de consumo están interelacionados generando dinámicas dialécticas de transformación mutua a través de las interacciones de los diversos actores.Históricamente el complejo ha sido estructurado acorde a las necesidades y características de los productores medianos y grandes. En las últimas décadas, los pequeños productores empleando diversas estrategias productivas y comerciales entre campos y ciudades se han convertido en actores fundamentales.La inclusión de los pequeños productores en esta dinámica muestra su gran capacidad de adaptación frente a las oportunidades generadas por un mercado en crecimiento. A pesar de esto, sus interacciones con a otros actores muestran las inequidades en las relaciones de poder que no han podido ser sino débilmente modificadas. Diferentes modalidades de integración de los pequeños productores lácteos quedan por construirse
Piquemal, Didier. "Dynamique agraire et approche gestion de terroirs : l'agro-pastoralisme du département de Sebba (Burkina Faso)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX1A001.
Full textThe study gives an account of the workings of a rural area, the region of sebba (sahel burkinabe) in order to establish the constriants and the possibilities of an intervention in the management and the development of farmland areas. The interaction between space, society and technical resources helps define a system of production of the agro-pastoral type relatively homogeneous throughout the area. Intervention will revolve around three fundamental fields : agriculture, grazing, environment
Chapoullié, Véronique. "Développement durable et populations tribales dans les Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu - Inde du sud) : une approche dynamique de l'interface envrironnement / populations." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30039.
Full textAt the top of the Nilgiri (Western Ghâts, South of India) stands out a high plateau inhabited until the XIXe century by tribal populations, the Toda, Kota and Alu Kurumba, and a community coming from the area of Mysore between XIIe and XVIe century, the Badaga. They are organised and are based on socio-economic relations and a staging in space and time. Starting from the beginning of the XIXe century, the development of the cultures of plantations and the settlement of a great number of workers from the plains and British colonists transform the milieu and upset the development of these communities. The Toda form a small group of pastors, concentrated mainly in Wenlock Downs, between 2 000 and 2 400 m in the savanna-shola milieu. The Alu Kurumba, people of the subtropical forest, are itinerant farmers, hunter-gatherers, localised on the steep slopes from the south-east to the south-west of the Nilgiri mounts, between 800 and 1 600 m. And the Kota, craftsmen community live in 7 hamlets on the Nilgiri plateau between 1 600 and 2 000 m. The study of the interface environment and tribal communities is carried out according to a functional and institutional analysis of their spaces by the organisation and the symbolic system of the territory and by social and cultural displacements. From the angle of a sustainable development, are studied the impact of the evolution and the transformations of a tropical mountain on the structures and the functions of the tribal populations and the question of a identity's recognition
Chagraoui, Mehdi. "La dynamique rurale du Tadla (Maroc)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010589.
Full textAmelot, Xavier. "La dynamique des systèmes ruraux rwandais : approche cartographique d'une crise." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30003.
Full textStarting from the middle of the 1980's rwanda, considered until then as a "model of development", was faced with a generalised crisis. This was a complex crisis, implicating a rural country, that was revealed by a multiplicity of symptoms. This crisis was the expression of a profund dysfunction of a complex interaction system made of social, political, economical an environmental factors, namely the rural system. The remarkable demographic growth, that has taken place in rwanda since 50 years, constitutes, indeed, the principal motive of evolution of the system, but does not explain everithing the regional approach shows that the most critical situations are not necessarily found in the most densely populated areas. These local disparities are in part due to the inequality of environmental ressources. But they are mainly the resultant of differenciated strategies adopted to face the historical evolution of the social, economical and political context. We have shown by an historical approach that the rwandan rural systems were the product of a continuing process made of a succession of phases of progression and hindrance. Rural household strategies, based on a complementary and diversified production system, appear to be the most efficient in ensuring their survival in a situation of crisis. But these nutritional selfsufficiency and social relationship strategies are shortterm strategies whose future is incertain in a context of strong demographic expansion
Razafindraibe, Roland. "La dynamique séculaire de la sécurisation foncière des forêts complantées sur les hautes terres malgaches (1896-1996)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010668.
Full textTanety spaces (Hills) were affected at the 19th century by the use of a new species of trees following colonial administrative directives. The peasants were quickly initiated into this practice. Contradictions manifested themselves between perennial social form and the obligation to extract a capitalist rent and exploit resource. Surveys conducted have permitted one to determine the production in this new forestry space in an historical, social and communal context. The failure of the juridical framework imposed by colonization created at the level of peasant communities multiple responses seeking reassurance. The recognized principles of securing inherited resources merit special attention in order to pinpoint the requirements of a mixed system of forestry management
Lefèvre, Ludivine. "Migrations et dynamiques spatiales : une application aux espaces à dominante rurale." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/809d135c-ea36-48c5-820f-608984f57741.
Full textAbdellaoui, El. "Pratiques agricoles et dynamique socio-techniques: cas des éleveurs agriculteurs de la commune rurale de Ben Smim Moyen Atlas Maroc." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210904.
Full textAu-delà d’une vision figée et homogénéisante de la paysannerie véhiculée par certains modèles sociologiques et par la vulgarisation agricole au Maroc, nous mettons l’accent sur l’hétérogénéité de la paysannerie et les aspects dynamiques de l’activité agricole et de ses acteurs.
Bien que les éleveurs/agriculteurs évoluent dans un environnement physique et économique souvent défavorable à leurs activités, ils manifestent de différentes stratégies pour améliorer leurs conditions de vie ou renforcer leurs acquis.
A partir d’une étude sur le terrain rurale de la Commune de Ben Smim, au Moyen Atlas berbère marocain et ayant mobilisé différents instruments de recueil d’informations, nous avons relevé que l’activité agricole n’est pas simplement une activité de production mais aussi de repositionnement des acteurs dans le système social. L’ethnique, le social et le politique se mêlent dans l’orientation des rapports de production. C’est pourquoi il est difficile d’isoler une pratique agricole des autres pratiques qui lui sont intimement liées et qui peuvent concerner d’autres domaines de vie des agriculteurs.
Avec la crise du nomadisme, les éleveurs/agriculteurs se fixent dans les douars ou les villages et élargissent ainsi leurs réseaux sociaux et professionnels. Ils deviennent ainsi de plus en plus perméables aux innovations techniques et organisationnelles et améliorent la performance de leurs troupeaux, introduisent de nouvelles cultures de marché et diversifient leurs stratégies de vente. Les minorités du point de vue ethnique et économique, d’intégration dans le système social local, les notables sont à même d’apporter de nouvelles variantes à leurs systèmes de production.
En fin de compte, chacun, en fonction de sa situation et de son projet, participe à la dynamique socio-technique locale.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sciences du travail
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Hache, Emmanuel. "Dynamique contractuelle et dynamique de libéralisation du système financier rural indien." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010012.
Full textEl, Nour Saker. "Dynamiques contemporaines de la pauvreté dans l’Égypte rurale : cas de Nazlet Salmân." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100046.
Full textThis thesis is based on a qualitative approach to study the dynamic of poverty in the egyptian countryside, through the case study of the village of Nazlet Salmân, located in the Asyut governorate, in Upper Egypt. This study was initially aimed at understanding the nature of the dynamic of poverty at the level of the domestic group, and analyzed these dynamics or changes on a variety of scales (micro and macro). For this study, the social construction of poverty has been used as the theoretical framework. The study showed that the concept of poverty among the village poor is mainly based on local considerations that play a key role in the “identification and definition” of the one who is poor and the one who is not, according to a set of criteria based on the evaluation of access to resources, income, expenditure and social status. Also, the concept adopted by the State is defective, and despite the intersection with the local concept of “income”, it does not include resources, but is limited only to “extreme poverty”. The main objective sought by the poor is to achieve social stability and security. In fact it relies on multiple strategies based on the diversification of means of income and employment inside and outside the agricultural sector, the labour migration, the exploitation of both the individuals and the family resources to achieve it. Each time a family’s land disappears or diminishes, this family experiences more social instability and insecurity. The study has shown also the role the state played in the peasant’s impoverishment through its agricultural politics and its vision of development which did not meet the poor’s needs and desires