Dissertations / Theses: 'Dysenterie'

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Le, heiget Guillaume. "Conception de tétrasaccharides orthogonalement protégés, précurseurs d’antigènes représentatifs d’une sélection de sérotypes de shigella flexneri." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD043.

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Les maladies diarrhéiques sont la deuxième cause de mortalité chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans. Les entérobactéries Shigella flexneri sont les principales responsables de la forme endémique de la shigellose, une maladie diarrhéique importante dans les pays en développement et pour laquelle de nombreuses stratégies vaccinales sont à l’étude. La partie polysaccharidique (antigène O, Ag-O) du lipopolysaccharide de surface est l’une des cibles majeures d'immunité protectrice contre la réinfection. Une grande variété d’Ag-Os, reflétant la diversité sérotypique, a été identifiée. De façon intéressante ces Ag-Os se différencient par la nature des substituants portés par le tétrasaccharide ABCD qui définit leur squelette commun. Afin de développer un vaccin issu de sucres de synthèse à large couverture sérotypique contre S. flexneri, des stratégies de synthèse hautement convergente d’analogues orthogonalement protégés du tétrasaccharide ABCD ont été explorées. Elles prennent en compte les sites de -D-glucosylation et de O-acétylation spécifiques de sérotypes. Les approches mises en place s’appuient sur la synthèse d’une diversité de précurseurs en série L-rhamnopyranose et 2-N-acétyl-2-désoxy-D-glucopyranosamine et leurs combinaisons optimisées. Quelques exemples de glucosylation 1,2-cis régiosélective, chimique et/ou enzymatique, valident le concept Diarrhoeal diseases are the second cause of death among children under five. Shigella flexneri enterobacteria are the main causative agents of the endemic form of shigellosis, a diarrhoeal disease of high prevalence in developing countries and one for which numerous vaccine strategies are under studied. The polysaccharide part (O-antigen, O-Ag) of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide is a major target of protective immunity against reinfection. A large variety of O-Ags, expressing serotypic diversity, has been identified. Interestingly, these O-Ags differ by the nature of the substitutions occurring on the ABCD tetrasaccharide, which defines their common backbone. In order to develop a synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine with broad serotype coverage against S. flexneri, highly convergent synthetic strategies towards orthogonally protected analogs of tetrasaccharide ABCD were investigated, while taking into account serotype-specific -D-glucosylation and O-acetylation sites. The selected approaches feature the synthesis of a variety of suitable L-rhamnopyranose and 2-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosamine precursors and their optimized combinations. The concept is supported by selected examples of 1,2-cis chemical and/or enzymatic glucosylation

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Nothelfer, Katharina. "Manipulation of the adaptive immune response by Shigella : Induction of B cell apoptosis dependent on the IpaD virulence factor." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077159.

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Shigella, une bactérie à Gram-négatif, est l'agent responsable de la dysentrie bacillaire, une rectocolite aigüe caractérisée par l'invasion de la muqueuse colo-rectale et l'induction d'une inflammation aigüe accompagnée d'une destruction tissulaire massive. L'immunité naturelle, de courte durée, est médiée par des anticorps et requiert plusieurs infections pour être initiée. L'objectif de ce travail était d'analyser si le ciblage direct des lymphocytes par Shigella pouvait avoir un impact sur l'induction de la réponse spécifique. Nous rapportons ici que Shigella cible les lymphocytes B requis pour la mise en place de l'immunité protectrice. Dans un modèle d'infection ex vivo de tissu colique humain, nous montrons que Shigella interagit avec les cellules B et occasionnellement les envahit. In vitro et in vivo, nous observons une réduction de la population de lymphocytes B suite à l'infection par Shigella, et ce, de façon dépendante du système de secretion de type III (SST3). Cette réduction est liée à l'apoptose des cellules B, qui curieusement est indépendante de la translocation d'effecteurs du SST3 dans les lymphocytes B mais requiert le contact extracellulaire avec la protéine de virulence IpaD présente à l'extrémité de l'aiguille composant le SST3. En parallèle de ces résultats qui révèlent un nouveau mécanisme d'action du SST3 de type "touché-coulé", nous montrons que Shigella grâce à l'injection d'un effecteur via le SST3 cible aussi les lymphocytes T et inhibe leur migration. Ces résultats révèlent de nouveaux mécanismes développés par les bactéries pathogènes pour manipuler la réponse immune de l'hôte et limiter la mise en place d'une immunité protectrice Shigellla is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for bacillary dysentery, an acute recto-colitis reflecting invasion of the colonic and rectal mucosa that results in inflammation and massive tissue destruction. Antibody-mediated immunity to Shigella requires several episodes of infection to get primed and is short-lasting. The aim of this work was to investigate whether direct targeting of lymphocytes by Shigella could impair the priming of the specific response. We describe that Shigella targets B lymphocytes, the lymphocyte population that confers antibody-mediated protection against Shigella. In an ex vivo human colonic infection model wild-type (WT) Shigella, but not the Type Three Secretion System (T3SS) mutant, interacts with an occasionally invades B cells. In in vitro approaches, as well as in an in vivo murine infection model, we observe that the B cell pool is significantly reduced upon WT Shigella infection. Moreover, despite low invasion rates, Shigella induces apoptotic B cell death in a T3SS-dependent manner. Intriguingly, B cell apoptosis is not dependent on the translocation of virulence effectors into the host cell, but rather on the extracellular exposure of B cells to the Shigella virulence protein IpaD that is present at the tip of the T3SS needle. Additionally to these findings, which demonstrate a new "kiss and kill" mechanism of T3SS action, we describe an "injection-only" mechanism, by which Shigella targets T lymphocytes and inhibits their migration by injection of one of its T3SS effectors. These findings reveal novel mechanisms for pathogenic bacteria to undermine the host and impair the mounting of an effective protective immune response

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Distribué, Alexandre. "Étude d'histoire des épidémies : la suette, la peste, la variole et la dysenterie dans le nord de la France, 1348-1790." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0051.

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Étude d'histoire des épidémies : la suette, la peste, la variole et la dysenterie dans le nord de la France, 1348-1790. Cette étude a pour objet la présentation et l'analyse, dans le nord de la France, de quatre maladies épidémiques : la suette, la peste, la variole et la dysenterie. L'angle principal d'étude est celui de l'épidémiologie : la symptomatologie, la dynamique et le bilan humain (morbidité, mortalité et létalité) des attaques épidémiques. Chaque maladie fait d'abord l'objet d'une étude particulière et indépendante, dans le cadre spatio-temporel du nord de la France entre 1348 et 1790. Une seconde partie reprend ensuite chaque élément afin d'étudier de manière synthétique l'ensemble des résultats. Les buts fixés à ce travail sont multiples : combler un vide historiographique puisqu'à notre connaissance jamais aucun travail portant sur les épidémies à l'époque moderne n'a été tenté ni publié, parvenir à une meilleure connaissance des caractéristiques épidémiologiques de chaque maladie, établir une ébauche de pathocénose épidémique qui demanderait à être complétée par l'étude des autres maladies sévissant dans notre aire spatio-temporelle A study of the history of epidemics: the sweating sickness, the plague, smallpox and dysentery in northern France, 1348-1790. The purpose of this study is to present and analyze four epidemic diseases in the north of France: sweating sickness, plague, smallpox and dysentery. The main angle of study is that of epidemiology: the symptomatology, the dynamics and the human toll (morbidity, mortality and lethality) of epidemic attacks. Each disease is first the subject of a particular and independent study, in the spatio-temporal framework of northern France between 1348 and 1790. A second part then takes up each element in order to study all the results in a synthetic way. The aims of this work are multiple: to fill a historiographic void since, to our knowledge, no work on epidemics in the modern era has ever been attempted or published, to achieve a better knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of each disease, to establish a draft of epidemic pathogenesis which would need to be completed by the study of other diseases raging in our spatio-temporal area

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Chassagne, Pierre. "En route vers des glycoconjugués à potentiel vaccinal contre la dysenterie bacillaire : synthèse d'oligosaccharides représentatifs de l'antigène O de Shigella flexneri sérotype 6." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P603.

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Broach, William H. "Small RNAs of Shigella dysenteriae." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1406822539.

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Kouse, Andrew B. "Thermoregulation of Shigella Dysenteriae Factors by RNA Thermometers." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1407793559.

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au, yong song@murdoch edu, and Yong Song. "Application of a functional genomics approach to the identification of vaccine subunits and diagnostic antigens for use in the control of swine dysentery." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080416.131148.

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The intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery (SD), a diarrhoeal disease of pigs which has significant economic impact worldwide. Controlling SD remains problematic, particularly as there is no effective vaccine and there are few definitive diagnostic methods available. In this study, a partial genomic sequence of B. hyodysenteriae was screened in silico. A total of 19 putative open reading frames (ORFs) encoding outer-membrane proteins then were selected and these were subjected to a laboratory screening process. To select potential universal vaccines, a preliminary study was conducted using PCR to determine the distribution of the putative genes in 23 strains of B. hyodysenteriae. A total of 17 of the 19 ORFs were considered to be suitable for further testing as they were found to be present in the majority of strains investigated. After molecular cloning and protein expression and purification, of 19 cloned candidate molecules derived from 17 genes (one large gene was divided into two parts encoding N and C terminal proteins, respectively), 14 were expressed in E. coli and the recombinant proteins were successfully produced. A variety of sera from pigs naturally and experimentally infected with B. hyodysenteriae were tested for reactivity with the 14 recombinant proteins in an immunoblotting assay. Seven molecules from six genes reacted strongly with the tested sera, and therefore were selected and used to immunize mice. All these proteins generated a specific antibody response. Post-immunization sera raised against each recombinant protein had the capacity to agglutinate B. hyodysenteriae cells, and also recognized the cognate proteins of B. hyodysenteriae in cell extracts. Further sequencing analysis demonstrated that these molecules were highly conserved in the genomes of different B.hyodysenteriae strains. Therefore, from the genomic based study, the products of six genes were identified as promising candidates for vaccines or as diagnostic targets. Four genes were expressed on a large scale, the product (NAV-H7, NAV-H17 Cterminal, NAV-H34 and NAV-H42) were combined into one vaccine, and then this preparation was used to immunise pigs that subsequently were challenged with B. hyodysenteriae. These antigens generate systemic and colonic antibody responses, and vaccination tended both to delay the onset of clinical signs and attenuate lesion development. Hence these recombinant proteins showed promise as components for further SD vaccines. Recombinant proteins from the selected genes also were used as antigens in class-specific ELISAs used as serological assays for SD. Three antigens (NAV-H8, NAV-H42 and Bhlp29.7) were selected as good indicators of seroconversion in IgM ELISAs, and these were evaluated further using a large range of serum samples. The NAV-H8 IgM ELISA using a cut-off value 2.5 times the mean value of all negative pigs could be used as a herd test for SD, and both the NAV-H8 and NAV-H42 IgM ELISAs had potential for detecting exposure to B. hyodysenteriae at the pig level.

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Панченко, О. П. "Ендоскопічна картина слизової оболонки товстого кишечника при дизентерії". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2001. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22679.

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Чемич, Микола Дмитрович, Николай Дмитриевич Чемич, Mykola Dmytrovych Chemych та ін. "Епідемічний спалах гострої дизентерії". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2001. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22463.

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Чемич, Микола Дмитрович, Николай Дмитриевич Чемич, Mykola Dmytrovych Chemych та ін. "Клинико-лабораторная оценка течения острой дизентерии во время эпидемической вспышки". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 1997. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24739.

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Галушко, Наталія Анатоліївна, Наталия Анатольевна Галушко, Nataliia Anatoliivna Halushko та ін. "Заболеваемость дизентерией в Сумской области. 60 лет наблюдений". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 2003. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9242.

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Чемич, Микола Дмитрович, Николай Дмитриевич Чемич, Mykola Dmytrovych Chemych та В. А. Бутко. "Ефективність антибактеріальних препаратів та сунамолу С у лікуванні гострої дизентерії". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2002. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23976.

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Giral, Magali. "Etude d'une proteine chimerique entre l'interleukine 4 murine et la toxine de la shigella dysenteriae : le shiga-dtb-mil4." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT026M.

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Islam, M. S. "Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies with diagnostic and therapeutic potential against Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305910.

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Chatfield, S. N. "Identification and characterisation of the antigens of Treponema hyodysenteriae." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383626.

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Wei, Yahan. "Iron- and Temperature-Dependent Regulation of Shigella Dysenteriae Virulence-Associated Factors." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1478519844517268.

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Mhoma, Jumanne R. L. "Studies on swine dysentery in Western Australia." Thesis, Mhoma, Jumanne R.L. (1992) Studies on swine dysentery in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1992. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/53597/.

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This work was conducted with the primary aim of determining the prevalence of swine dysentery (SD) amongst piggeries in Western Australia. Accordingly a serological survey to detect evidence of infection with the causative bacterium, Treponema hyodysenteriae, was conducted. The lipopolysaccharide of T. hyodysenteriae of serogroups A, B and E were used as antigen in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests that were developed. Cut off litres for seropositivity were determined by testing 400 sera from herds known to be free of SD, and sera from immunised or experimentally infected pigs. Forty serum samples from bacon-weight pigs were collected from each of 106 herds at two abattoirs. To validate the test, 19 herds were re-sampled and retested, and faecal samples from 20 herds were cultured for T. hyodysenteriae. Thirty five of the 106 herds (33%) had serological evidence of infection when only one batch of sera from each herd was tested. The set of ELISA tests using 40 sera was estimated as having a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 81.8% based on the owners’ opinion of their herds diseases status, although based on the results of retesting actual figures were more likely to be 84.6% and 90.2% respectively. Prevalence of infection within herds ranged from 2.5% to 47.5%, with a mean of 18%. A questionnaire was also sent to 101 of these piggeries in order to determine which management, husbandry and health factors were associated with the presence or absence of SD in Western Australian piggeries. The owners of 77 herds responded to the survey (76.2% of all herds surveyed). Analysis of the questionnaires revealed that amongst other things the purchase of pigs from saleyards and the presence of frequent visitors to the piggery were significantly correlated with the presence of SD. Conversely, the provision of overalls and gumboots to visitors and the purchase of replacement stock from one source significantly reduced the risk of introducing SD to a piggery. No individual herd in Western Australia was identified that was disseminating infection to other herds via the movement of pigs. It was concluded that adopting management practices which included the purchase of replacement stock from herds known to be free of SD, a reduction in the number of visitors and the provision of boots and overalls for visitors will assist in preventing SD from entering non-infected herds in Western Australia.

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Duarte, Alessandra Rodrigues. "Composição e variabilidade química dos óleos essenciais das folhas e frutos de Eugenia dysenterica." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2891.

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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-08-06T14:45:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) dissertacaoalessandraduarte.pdf: 708957 bytes, checksum: b78a176c14d72047bdf0ffb5773c42bf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T14:45:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) dissertacaoalessandraduarte.pdf: 708957 bytes, checksum: b78a176c14d72047bdf0ffb5773c42bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 The chemical variations in the essential oil compositions of the wild and cultivated Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae) populations indicated the presence of two clusters of oils according to sampling origin. The cluster I included cultivate (subcluster IA) and mainly wild samples (subcluster IB) originating from Senador Canedo (SC), with high percentages of a-pinene (9.0 ± 2.3%), b-pinene (9.3 ± 2.6%), (Z)-b-ocimene (5.9 ± 4.2%) and g-cadinene (27 ± 5%), limonene (12 ± 9%), and caryophyllene oxide (7.4 ± 4.7%), respectively. In cluster II, with wild and cultivated samples originating from Campo Alegre de Goiás, the major constituents were b-caryophyllene (24 ± 8%), d-cadinene (13 ± 4%), and a-copaene (9.6 ± 3.2%). The canonical correlation analysis revealed that limonene, ?-cadinene, caryophyllene oxide, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and mean monthly values of temperature and precipitation were quite strongly related to SC wild samples (subcluster IB), whereas (Z)-b-ocimene, a-copaene, b- caryophyllene, a-humulene, d-cadinene, and P were related to wild samples from CA and cultivated samples, regardless of population origin (subcluster IA and cluster II). Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons predominated in all population sampled and the observed essential oil chemovariation might be genetically determined (chemotypes), in addition to a clear environmental influence on the samples originating from SC site (ecotypes). Chemical variations in essential oil compositions of cultivated E. dysenterica populations in dry and wet seasons have indicated the presence of two oil clusters related to sampling origin and seasons. Cluster I included dry (subcluster IA) and mainly wet samples (subcluster IB) originating from Senador Canedo (SC), with high percentages of b-pinene?(9.3 ± 2.6%), a-pinene (9.0 ± x 2.3%), (Z)-b-ocimene (5.9 ± 4.2%) and g-cadinene (17 ± 11%), limonene (14 ± 9%), and b-pinene?(8.6 ± 5.4%), respectively. In cluster II, which included dry and wet cultivated samples originating from Campo Alegre de Goiás, the major constituents were b-caryophyllene (32 ± 15%), d-cadinene (13 ± 6%), and a- copaene (8.1 ± 4.0%). Here also, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons predominated in all the sampled populations and the observed essential oil chemovariation might be genetically determined, in addition to a clear seasonal influence only on the samples originating from the SC site. In addition, the oils from wild E. fruits harvested during three stages of ripening showed the monoterpene hydrocarbons as most abundant group of volatiles, accounting for about 68% of the total identified compounds. Limonene (25.8% and 24.6%), (E)-b-ocimene (20.3% and 21.7%) and b-pinene (12.0% and 14.2%) were the compounds in the unripe and semi-ripe stages, respectively, while g-muurolene (25.8%), b-caryophyllene (18.4%) and a- humulene (15.4%) became the major compounds in ripe fruits. The concentration of monoterpenes was high in the unripe and semi-ripe stages and decreased afterwards, while sesquiterpenes were intensively synthesized only in the last part of the ripening process. A variação na composição química do óleo essencial em populações silvestres e cultivadas de Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae) indicou a presença de dois grupos de óleos em relação à origem das amostras. O grupo I incluiu amostras cultivadas (subgrupo IA) ou majoritariamente silvestres (subgrupo IB) provenientes de Senador Canedo (SC), contendo altas percentagens de a-pineno (9,0 ± 2,3%), b-pineno (9,3 ± 2,6%), (Z)-b-ocimeno (5,9 ± 4,2%) e g-cadineno (27 ± 5%), limoneno (12 ± 9%) e óxido de cariofileno (7,4 ± 4,7%), respectivamente. O grupo II caracterizou-se pelas amostras coletadas em Campo Alegre de Goiás (CA), silvestres ou cultivadas, cujos constituintes majoritários foram o b-cariofileno (24 ± 8%), d-cadineno (13 ± 4%) e a-copaeno (9,6 ± 3,2%). A análise por correlação canônica indicou que limoneno, g-cadineno, óxido de cariofileno, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, médias mensais de temperatura e precipitação foram fortemente correlacionados às amostras silvestres de SC (subgrupo IB), enquanto (Z)-b-ocimeno, a-copaeno, b- cariofileno, a-humuleno, d-cadineno, e P correlacionaram-se às amostras silvestres de CA e a todas as amostras cultivadas, independentemente da origem da população (subgrupo IA e grupo II). Em todas as populações os óleos essenciais apresentaram predominantemente hidrocarbonetos sesquiterpênicos e as variações químicas observadas entre as populações parecem ser geneticamente determinadas (quimiotipos), com uma nítida influência de fatores edafo-climáticos sobre as amostras originadas da população de SC (ecótipo). Variações químicas na composição do óleo essencial de populações cultivadas de E. dysenterica nas estações seca e chuvosa indicaram, ainda, a presença de dois grupos de óleos em relação à origem e às estações de coleta. O grupo I inclui amostras coletadas na seca (subgrupo IA) e principalmente, amostras coletadas na chuva (subgrupo IB) originárias de Senador Canedo (SC), com elevadas quantidades de b-pineno (9,3 ± 2,6%), a- pinene (9,0 ± 2,3%), (Z)-b-ocimeno (5,9 ± 4,2%) e g-cadineno (17 ± 11%), limoneno (14 ± 9%) e b-pineno (8,6 ± 5,4%), respectivamente. No grupo II, que inclui amostras cultivadas provenientes de Campo Alegre de Goiás de ambas as estações, os principais constituintes foram b-cariofileno (32 ± 15%), d- v i i i cadineno (13 ± 6%) e a-copaeno (8,1 ± 4,0%). Também neste caso, os sesquiterpenos hidrocarbonetos predominaram em todas as populações amostradas e foi observado que a variação química dos óleos essenciais pode ser geneticamente determinada, além de possuir uma clara influência sazonal no caso das amostras provenientes da SC. Quanto aos óleos essenciais dos frutos de E. dysenterica, coletados durante três estádios de maturação, o grupo de constituinte mais abundante dos óleos essenciais foi os dos hidrocarbonetos monoterpenos representando cerca de 68% do total de compostos identificados. Limoneno (25,8% e 24,6%), (E)-b-ocimeno (20,3% e 21,7%) e b-pineno (12,0% e 14,2%) foram os constituintes majoritários nos estágios verdes e semi-maduros, respectivamente, enquanto g-muuroleno (25,8%), b-cariofileno (18,4%) e a- humuleno (15,4%) preponderaram nos frutos maduros. A concentração de monoterpenes foi elevado nos estágios verde e semi-maduros e diminuiu com o amadurecimento do fruto, enquanto os sesquiterpenos foram intensamente sintetizados apenas na última parte do processo de maturação.

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Vilela, Eliane da Costa. "Influência ambiental, especial e genética na composição química dos óleos essenciais de Eugenia dysenterica DC (Myrtaceae)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/3007.

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Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-04T16:47:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 tese_eliane.pdf: 4341620 bytes, checksum: a32b5e21ca1f7b2cabd05bd9d7cd040b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-04T16:47:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 tese_eliane.pdf: 4341620 bytes, checksum: a32b5e21ca1f7b2cabd05bd9d7cd040b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG The chemical composition of essential oils was used to study the spatial structure of eight E. dysenterica populations in central Brazilian Cerrado. Variation partitioning using spatial and environmental data sets as predictors was highly significant and explained 8.2% and 11.1% of oil chemovariations, respectively. The data suggested wich essential oil polymorphism was genetically rather than environmentally determined. Furthermore, the intercept of the multivariate Mantel autocorrelogram between the distance matrices of oil constituents and sampling sites suggested that the populations differ chemically whenever geographical distance exceeds 120 km. The spatial chemometric methods using variograms and probability maps detected and characterized the spatial chemical structure among populations, as well as the environmental factors responsible for them. All these strategies indicated that the populations differ chemically whenever the geographical distance exceeds 120 km, an indicator of the minimal distance between samples required for conserving the genetic diversity of populations. Although being scarcely used with secondary metabolites, these methodologies may be used in a wide range of applications in species management and may lead to an effective integration of genetic, chemical and ecological perspectives. A composição química dos óleos essenciais foi utilizada para estudar a estrutura espacial de oito populações de E. dysenterica do Cerrado central brasileiro. O particionamento da variação, utilizando os conjuntos de dados espaciais e ambientais como preditores, foi altamente significativo e explicou 8,2% (oito vírgula dois por cento) e 11,1% (onze vírgula um por cento) da variação total dos óleos essenciais, respectivamente. Os resultados sugeriram que o polimorfismo nos óleos essenciais foi determinado mais por fatores genéticos do que ambientais. Além disso, o intercepto do autocorrelograma multivariado de Mantel entre as matrizes de distância dos constituintes químicos e dos locais de coleta sugeriram que as populações se diferenciam quimicamente a distâncias geográficas superiores a 120 km. Os métodos quimiométricos espaciais através de variogramas e mapas de probabilidade permitiram a detecção e a caracterização da estrutura químico-espacial entre populações, bem como dos fatores ambientais responsáveis por ela. Todas essas estratégias indicaram que as populações diferem quimicamente a distâncias geográficas superiores a 120 km, um indicador da distância mínima entre amostras necessária para a conservação da diversidade genética das populações. Embora raramente usadas em metabólitos secundários de plantas, essas metodologias se revelaram de grande aplicação na conservação de espécies e conduziram a uma integração efetiva entre genética, química e ecológica.

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Faleiro, José Henrique. "Estudo químico de Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae) em associação ao controle de formigas cortadeiras Atta laevigata e efeito alelopático." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7986.

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Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-21T16:18:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Henrique Faleiro - 2017.pdf: 5571418 bytes, checksum: f2f7b51d7be2c4a4b3934960f30f3bea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-11-22T10:15:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Henrique Faleiro - 2017.pdf: 5571418 bytes, checksum: f2f7b51d7be2c4a4b3934960f30f3bea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T10:15:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Henrique Faleiro - 2017.pdf: 5571418 bytes, checksum: f2f7b51d7be2c4a4b3934960f30f3bea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-22 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES CHEMICAL STUDY OF Eugenia dysenterica DC. (MYRTACEAE) IN ASSOCIATION TO LEAF-CUTTING ANTS Atta laevigata CONTROL AND ALELOPATIC EFECT – The study described in this work contributed to the chemical and biological knowledge of species E. dysenterica, found especially in Cerrado and popularly known as “cagaita”. Species of Eugenia are also used in folk medicine for various diseases and biological activities have been reported for E. dysenterica such as, antiviral, fungicidal, cytotoxicity, among others activities. This work describes the isolation and structural identification of seven secondary metabolites presente in the ethanolic extract of flowers of E. dysenterica, as well as the biological evaluation of the ethanolic extracts of flowers, leaves, stems and seeds against leaf-cutting ants A. laevigata and evaluation of allelopathic effect. The study of flowers was carried out using chromatographic technics and the isolated compounds were identified by 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The chemical investigation of flowers extract, first time investigated, led to identified the compounds ethyl gallate, gallic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, (-)- epicatechin and juglanin. The ethanolic extracts of E. dysenterica and the fractions obtained from the flower extract didn’t show significant results in the ingestion tests against the workers A. laevigata. The allelopathic assays performed with the crude ethanolic extracts of leaves, flowers, stems and seeds provided satisfactory results. The flowers and leaves extracts (2 mg/mL) showed the highest inhibition values, allowing the germination of less than 5% of seeds evaluated. ESTUDO QUÍMICO DE Eugenia dysenterica DC. (MYRTACEAE) EM ASSOCIAÇÃO AO CONTROLE DE FORMIGAS CORTADEIRAS Atta laevigata E EFEITO ALELOPÁTICO – O estudo descrito neste trabalho contribui para o conhecimento químico e biológico da espécie E. dysenterica, encontrada especialmente em região de Cerrado e conhecida popularmente como “cagaita”. Espécies do gênero Eugenia são utilizadas na medicina popular para o tratamento de diversas doenças e E. dysenterica possui relatos de atividade antiviral, fungicida, citotóxica, entre outras. Este trabalho descreve o isolamento e identificação estrutural de sete metabólitos secundários presentes no extrato etanólico das flores de E. dysenterica, assim como a avaliação biológica dos extratos etanólicos das flores, folhas, galhos e sementes frente a formigas cortadeiras da espécie A. laevigata e avaliação do efeito alelopático. O estudo das flores foi realizado utilizando diferentes técnicas cromatográficas e os compostos isolados foram identificados por experimentos uni e bidimensionais de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1H e 13C. A investigação química do extrato das flores, realizada pela primeira vez, levou a identificação dos compostos ácido gálico, galato de etila, quercetina, miricetina, kaempferol, (-)-epicatequina e a juglanina. Os extratos etanólicos de E. dysenterica e as frações obtidas do extrato das flores, não apresentaram resultados significativos nos ensaios por ingestão frente às operárias A. laevigata. Já os ensaios alelopáticos realizados com os extratos etanólicos brutos das folhas, flores, galhos e sementes forneceram resultados satisfatórios, sendo que os extratos das flores e folhas (2 mg/mL) apresentaram os maiores valores de inibição, permitindo a germinação de menos de 5% das sementes avaliadas.

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Silva, Monik Maryelle Moreira da. "Estudo do desenvolvimento fisiológico da cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6789.

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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-26T13:52:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Monik Maryelle Moreira da Silva - 2016.pdf: 2601377 bytes, checksum: 8763e743f85d4b59316383b6f268ca2c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-26T13:53:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Monik Maryelle Moreira da Silva - 2016.pdf: 2601377 bytes, checksum: 8763e743f85d4b59316383b6f268ca2c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T13:53:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Monik Maryelle Moreira da Silva - 2016.pdf: 2601377 bytes, checksum: 8763e743f85d4b59316383b6f268ca2c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-15 The Brazilian Cerrado presents a multitude of native fruits, but little known. Among these, there is cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica), juicy and very pleasant taste. However, reports on the knowledge of its biochemical and bioactive processes involved in the development of fruit, are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate physical and chemical, including bioactive compounds, the physiological development of cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica), anthesis to its maturity. The fruits were collected 10 days after anthesis (DAA) in Abbey-GO, and subjected to physical and chemical analysis as well as analysis of bioactive compounds. The total fruit development comprised 37 days, being characterized the result of rapid growth, with double sigmoidal behavior. The respiratory rate in unripe fruits were high, with a decrease during the development, and verified increased ethylene induction from 31 DAA, leading to degradation of starch, chlorophyll, unmasking of carotenoids and solubilization of pectins. The sugar content was relatively low, since it is a fruit with slightly sweet flavor. The bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of cagaita contributed during the physiological development, as a result of the defense system, especially in unripe fruits. However, not ruling out the possibility of its beneficial health action, fighting free radicals. The proximal composition, evaluated from the 18th DAA, underwent changes during development. The crux of the changes occurred from the 27th DAA, when they occur the second growth phase of the fruit, with an increase in maximum rates, according to the double sigmoidal behavior. The climacteric period was also evaluated, with intuited whether the cagaita belonged to the respiratory pattern considered climacteric or not. For this study, the fruits were collected 31 DAA. respiratory climacteric peak was observed, indicating that cagaita is a climacteric fruit, may be harvested 31 DAA. This data is of great importance for both the academic community, and to farmers and agribusinesses working with the extraction of this fruit. O Cerrado brasileiro apresenta uma infinidade de frutas nativas, porém, pouco conhecidas. Dentre estas, existe a cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica), suculenta e de sabor muito agradável. No entanto, relatos sobre o conhecimento dos seus processos bioquímicos e bioativos, envolvidos no desenvolvimento de frutos, são escassos. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar, físico e quimicamente, incluindo os compostos bioativos, o desenvolvimento fisiológico da cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica), da antese até seu amadurecimento. Os frutos foram coletados 10 dias após antese (DAA), em Abadia-GO, e submetidos a análises físicas e químicas, como também análises dos compostos bioativos. O desenvolvimento total do fruto compreendeu 37 dias, sendo caracterizado fruto de crescimento rápido, com comportamento sigmoidal duplo. A taxa respiratória nos frutos verdes foi elevada, com decréscimo ao longo do desenvolvimento, sendo verificado aumento da indução do etileno a partir dos 31 DAA, levando à degradação do amido, clorofila, desmascaramento dos carotenoides e solubilização das pectinas. O conteúdo de açúcares foi relativamente baixo, já que trata-se de um fruto com sabor levemente adocicado. Os compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante da cagaita contribuíram, durante o desenvolvimento fisiológico, como sistema de defesa do fruto, principalmente, nos frutos verdes. No entanto, não descartando a possibilidade de sua ação benéfica a saúde, combatendo os radicais livres. A composição proximal, avaliada a partir do 18° DAA, sofreu modificações durante o desenvolvimento. O ponto crucial das mudanças ocorreram a partir do 27° DAA, momento em que ocorrem a segunda fase de crescimento do fruto, com acréscimo em taxas máximas, de acordo com o comportamento sigmoidal duplo. O período climatérico também foi avaliado, com intuíto de saber se a cagaita pertencia ao padrão respiratório considerado climatérico ou não. Para este estudo, os frutos foram coletados 31 DAA. Foi observado o pico climatério respiratório, indicando que a cagaita é um fruto climatérico, podendo ser colhido 31 DAA. Estes dados são de grande importância tanto para a comunidade acadêmica, como para agricultores e agroindústrias que trabalham com o extrativismo deste fruto.

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pg, Peter Siba@pngimr org, and Peter Siba. "Effect of diet on the expression of swine dysentery in experimentally infected pigs." Murdoch University, 1996. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071003.113611.

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Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis resulting from infection with the anaerobic spirochaetal bacterium, Serpulina hyodysenteriae. The disease affects weaner and grower pigs throughout the world, and causes significant financial losses due to mortality, decreased rate of growth, poor feed conversion, and expense of chemotherapy. Previous studies have shown that despite the presence of S. hyodysenteriae in pigs on many farms, clinical signs of SD do not always occur. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of diet on the clinical expression of SD. The ultimate aim was to identify diets that could be used to prevent or control the disease. One hundred and seventy-eight weaner pigs were purchased from specific-pathogen free farms and fed one of 16 diets based on: cooked riceanimal protein, cooked rice-dehulled lupin, wheat-lupin, wheat-animal protein, parboiled rice dehulled lupin, parboiled rice-animal protein, and processed (hammer-milled or steam-flaked) cereal grains (barley, groats, maize, sorghum and wheat) supplemented with animal protein. Eighty four pigs on these diets were slaughtered after one month to measure the influence of the diets on parameters in the large intestine, including organ sizes, and pH, VFA concentrations and dry matter content of the digesta in the caecum, and proximal and distal colon. The cooked rice-animal protein diet caused low levels of microbial fermentation in the large intestine of pigs as indicated by higher pH values, lower VFAs, smaller intestinal organ sizes, and drier contents in the colon and rectum, compared to pigs on the other diets. A limited amount of fermentative substrates from the cooked rice-animal protein diet entered the large intestine, and this led to a low microbial fermentation activity. Pigs fed diets containing cereal grains, parboiled rice and or dehulled lupins had greater fermentative activity in the large intestine. Parboiled rice unexpectedly was not easily digestible. Of the processed cereal grain diets, steam-flaked grains resulted in significantly higher (P<0.05) intestinal pH values than hammer-milled grains. This suggested that steam-flaking process made the nutrients (most likely starch) more available for digestion in the small intestine than did the hammer-milling process. Another 94 pigs fed on the various diets were orally challenged with broth cultures of S, hyodysenteriae and were monitored for faecal excretion of spirochaetes, and for the development of SD. Diseased pigs were slaughtered immediately, and healthy pigs were slaughtered after 4-6 weeks, and changes in the large intestine were recorded. None of 16 challenged pigs fed cooked rice-animal protein developed SD and it was assumed that the reduced fermentation with this diet inhibited colonisation by S. hyodysenteriae, and expression of SD. Disease occurred in varying numbers of pigs fed all the other diets, for example cooked rice-dehulled lupin (83.3%), wheat-dehulled lupin (62.5%) and wheat-animal protein (60%). The diseased pigs developed diarrhoea with blood and mucus, were depressed, lacked appetite and showed gross and microscopic evidence of severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis. When two pigs fed the protective cooked rice-animal protein diet were transferred to the wheat-dehulled lupin diet, one died of acute clostridial enterotoxaemia, whilst the other developed SD. This provided further evidence for the protective effect of the cooked rice-animal protein diet. Of the processed cereal grain types, steam-flaked maize and steam-flaked sorghum diets containing animal protein protected all pigs against SD, although small numbers of animals were used. All cereal-based diets resulted in greater fermentation than the cooked rice-animal protein diets, but fermentation was relatively reduced with steam flaked maize. The protective rice-animal protein diet was fed to pigs on a commercial piggery with SD. It resulted in good growth rate and carcass composition, but unfortunately no disease occurred amongst the control pigs during the experiment, so its efficacy against SD in the field could not be assessed. In conclusion, all protective diets were based on cooked cereal grains which had low levels of non-starch polysaccharides and resistant starch (cooked rice, steam-flaked maize and steam-flaked sorghum) and animal protein. It appears that reducing the availability of such fermentable substrate in the large intestine prevents colonisation by S. hyodysenteriae, and protects pigs from developing SD. This is a major new paradigm for the control of this important disease.

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Bowden, Christine Ann 1957. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ATTACHMENT OF TREPONEMA HYODYSENTERIAE TO HENLE INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO (RECEPTORS, SIALIC ACID, GLYCOPROTEINS, SPIROCHETES, SWINE DYSENTERY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275570.

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Одринская, Н. П., Н. И. Седько, Микола Дмитрович Чемич, Николай Дмитриевич Чемич та Mykola Dmytrovych Chemych. "Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности течения острой дизентерии при спорадической заболеваемости". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 1997. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24738.

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Wanchanthuek, Phatthanaphong. "Comparative genomics to investigate genome function and adaptations in the newly sequenced Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli." Thesis, Wanchanthuek, Phatthanaphong (2009) Comparative genomics to investigate genome function and adaptations in the newly sequenced Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1304/.

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Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli are anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes that are the aetiological agents of swine dysentery and intestinal spirochaetosis, respectively. As part of this PhD study the genome sequence of B. hyodysenteriae strain WA1 and a near complete sequence of B. pilosicoli strain 95/1000 were obtained, and subjected to comparative genomic analysis. The B. hyodysenteriae genome consisted of a circular 3.0 Mb chromosome, and a 35,940 bp circular plasmid that has not previously been described. The incomplete genome of B. pilosicoli contained 4 scaffolds. There were 2,652 and 2,297 predicted ORFs in the B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli strains, respectively. Of the predicted ORFs, more had similarities to proteins of the enteric Clostridium species than they did to proteins of other spirochaetes. Many of these genes were associated with transport and metabolism, and they may have been gradually acquired through horizontal gene transfer in the environment of the large intestine. A reconstruction of central metabolic pathways of the Brachyspira species identified a complete set of coding sequences for glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, a non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide metabolism and a respiratory electron transport chain. A notable finding was the presence of rfb genes on the B. hyodysenteriae plasmid, and their apparent absence from B. pilosicoli. As these genes are involved in rhamnose biosynthesis it is likely that the composition of the B. hyodysenteriae lipooligosaccharide O-sugars is different from that of B. pilosicoli. O-antigen differences in these related species could be associated with differences in their specific niches, and/or with their disease specificity. Overall, comparison of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli protein content and analysis of their central metabolic pathways showed that they have diverged markedly from other spirochaetes in the process of adapting to their habitat in the large intestine. The presence of overlapping genes in the two spirochaetes and in other spirochaete species also was investigated. The number of overlapping genes in the 12 spirochaete genomes examined ranged from 11-45%. Of these, 80% were unidirectional. Overlapping genes were found irregularly distributed within the Brachyspira genomes such that 70-80% of them occurred on the same strand (unidirectional, ->->/<-<-), with 16-28% occurring on opposite DNA strands (divergent, <-->). The remaining 4-6% of overlapping genes were convergent (-><-). The majority of the unidirectional overlap regions were relatively short, with >50% of the total observations overlapping by >4 bp. A small number of overlapping gene-pairs were duplicated within each genome and there were some triplet overlapping genes. Unique orthologous overlapping genes were identified within the various spirochaete genera. Over 75% of the overlapping genes in the Brachyspira species were in the same or related metabolic pathway. This finding suggests that overlapping genes are not only likely to be the result of functional constraints but also are constrained from a metabolomic context. Of the remaining 25% overlapping genes, 50% contained one hypothetical gene with unknown function. In addition, in one of the orthologous overlapping genes in the Brachyspira species, a promoter was shared, indicating the presence of a novel class of overlapping gene operon in these intestinal spirochaetes.

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Wanchanthuek, Phatthanaphong. "Comparative genomics to investigate genome function and adaptations in the newly sequenced Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli." Wanchanthuek, Phatthanaphong (2009) Comparative genomics to investigate genome function and adaptations in the newly sequenced Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1304/.

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Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli are anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes that are the aetiological agents of swine dysentery and intestinal spirochaetosis, respectively. As part of this PhD study the genome sequence of B. hyodysenteriae strain WA1 and a near complete sequence of B. pilosicoli strain 95/1000 were obtained, and subjected to comparative genomic analysis. The B. hyodysenteriae genome consisted of a circular 3.0 Mb chromosome, and a 35,940 bp circular plasmid that has not previously been described. The incomplete genome of B. pilosicoli contained 4 scaffolds. There were 2,652 and 2,297 predicted ORFs in the B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli strains, respectively. Of the predicted ORFs, more had similarities to proteins of the enteric Clostridium species than they did to proteins of other spirochaetes. Many of these genes were associated with transport and metabolism, and they may have been gradually acquired through horizontal gene transfer in the environment of the large intestine. A reconstruction of central metabolic pathways of the Brachyspira species identified a complete set of coding sequences for glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, a non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide metabolism and a respiratory electron transport chain. A notable finding was the presence of rfb genes on the B. hyodysenteriae plasmid, and their apparent absence from B. pilosicoli. As these genes are involved in rhamnose biosynthesis it is likely that the composition of the B. hyodysenteriae lipooligosaccharide O-sugars is different from that of B. pilosicoli. O-antigen differences in these related species could be associated with differences in their specific niches, and/or with their disease specificity. Overall, comparison of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli protein content and analysis of their central metabolic pathways showed that they have diverged markedly from other spirochaetes in the process of adapting to their habitat in the large intestine. The presence of overlapping genes in the two spirochaetes and in other spirochaete species also was investigated. The number of overlapping genes in the 12 spirochaete genomes examined ranged from 11-45%. Of these, 80% were unidirectional. Overlapping genes were found irregularly distributed within the Brachyspira genomes such that 70-80% of them occurred on the same strand (unidirectional, ->->/<-<-), with 16-28% occurring on opposite DNA strands (divergent, <-->). The remaining 4-6% of overlapping genes were convergent (-><-). The majority of the unidirectional overlap regions were relatively short, with >50% of the total observations overlapping by >4 bp. A small number of overlapping gene-pairs were duplicated within each genome and there were some triplet overlapping genes. Unique orthologous overlapping genes were identified within the various spirochaete genera. Over 75% of the overlapping genes in the Brachyspira species were in the same or related metabolic pathway. This finding suggests that overlapping genes are not only likely to be the result of functional constraints but also are constrained from a metabolomic context. Of the remaining 25% overlapping genes, 50% contained one hypothetical gene with unknown function. In addition, in one of the orthologous overlapping genes in the Brachyspira species, a promoter was shared, indicating the presence of a novel class of overlapping gene operon in these intestinal spirochaetes.

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Holden, James Anthony, and jamesholden@netspace net au. "Vaccination Strategies for the Prevention of Swine Dysentery." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070112.122102.

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The SmpA outer membrane lipoprotein of B. hyodysenteriae has several characteristics that indicate the potential to protect against swine dysentery (SD). It localises to the outer membrane and antibodies directed against SmpA can prevent the growth of B. hyodysenteriae in vitro. There is some variation observed in the distribution and expression of the SmpA lipoprotein, suggesting that vaccination with SmpA may not provide protection against challenge with a heterologous B. hyodysenteriae strain. This study has characterised the variation at the smpA locus, and in the process has identified a novel gene, smpB. There is very low similarity between smpB and smpA, with the exception of an identical lipoprotein signal sequence. This suggests that SmpB may be translocated to the outer membrane of B. hyodysenteriae in a similar fashion to SmpA. The results described in this thesis indicate that strains of B. hyodysenteriae harbour either smpA or smpB, but not both, explaining the earlier results of Turner et al. (1991). The presumed outer membrane location of SmpB lead to further investigations into its potential to protect mice from infection with B. hyodysenteriae. Swine Dysentery is a inflammatory disease of the swine colon. Therefore it is believed that a mucosal immune response may provide increased protection against challenge. In this study, vaccination of mice with recombinant SmpB elicited high levels of serum antibodies, induced the production of Interleukin-4 producing T lymphocytes and decreased the observed histological effects after challenge with virulent B. hyodysenteriae. In efforts to increase the protected conferred by vaccination with SmpB, recombinant Salmonella typhimurium STM-1 vaccines were created to express SmpB or deliver DNA vaccines encoding SmpB. Vaccination with these recombinant Salmonella vectors did not induce a measurable SmpB specific immune response. Macrophage survival and plasmid stability studies indicated that this was due to instability of the expression plasmids in STM-1. Although SmpB will only ever protect against strains of B. hyodysenteriae harbouring smpB, these results indicate that with further research, SmpB (and SmpA) may contribute to protection from SD. Toxin production is an important aspect of the pathogenesis of many pathogenic bacteria. Vaccination with attenuated toxins is commonly used to prevent disease. In this study, the B. hyodysenteriae â-haemolysin HlyA was used to vaccinate mice to determine the protection induced after challenge. Vaccination of mice with recombinant HlyA induced significant levels of serum antibodies and lowered the observed pathological effects after challenge of vaccinated mice with virulent B. hyodysenteriae. In an attempt to increase the mucosal immune response and therefore the protection afforded after vaccination with HlyA, recombinant S. typhimurium STM-1 strains were created to express HlyA or deliver DNA vaccines encoding HlyA. Similar to the recombinant STM-1 vaccines expressing SmpB, a HlyA specific immune response was not observed by ELISA or ELISPOT analysis. Plasmid stability trials revealed that the inability to induce a detectable HlyA specific immune response by recombinant STM-1 vaccination may be due to ins tability of the plasmids. Outer membrane proteins are often important components of vaccines against bacterial and viral pathogens. Considering the variation observed in the smpA locus in this study resulting in the identification of smpB, further investigation into the distribution and conservation of outer membrane encoding genes in B. hyodysenteriae strains was undertaken. In particular, the blpAEFG, vspABCD and vspEFGH clusters were analysed for their distribution. It was demonstrated that genes that are B. hyodysenteriae specific (vspABCD and vspEFGH) displayed higher levels of polymorphism than those that are distributed amongst non-pathogenic species, such as B. innocens (which contains blpAEFG). This suggests that the variation in the vspABCD and vspEFGH clusters amongst B. hyodysenteriae strains may be a result of the exposure to the host immune system. Further investigation was undertaken by PFGE analysis and 2D-gel electrophoresis, to analyse genomic and proteomic variation at a global level. Although strains of B. hyodyse nteriae produced several different electrophoretic types (ET) upon PFGE analysis, only limited correlation between the PFGE ET, the polymorphisms in vspABCD and vspEFGH and the presence of smpA/smpB were observed. 2D-gel electrophoresis analysis of outer membrane preparations of two B. hyodysenteriae strain revealed several distinct differences in the outer membrane between B. hyodysenteriae strains. The observed differences in the proteins contained in the outer membrane of B. hyodysenteriae is important for vaccine design, as the induction of cross protection between strains of B. hyodysenteriae is essential for a effective vaccine.

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Hellström, Filip. "British, medical practitioners’ perspectives on dysentery 1740-1800." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423028.

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This master thesis aims to show how a qualitative approach to early modern medical practitioners’ perspectives can provide a basis for a better understanding of the disease of dysentery. The focus is on: 1) How the disease of dysentery was described and how the challenge of dysentery was perceived. 2) What individual measure and commitments were taken for the patients and why. 3) How the cause of the disease was understood and explained. 4) How perspectives differed between physicians and surgeons.Of particular interest when it comes to the disease of dysentery is how the disease and its cause were perceived.Eleven texts written by mainly British medical practitioners from primary sources such as reports, logbooks and letters on dysentery written during the years 1740 - 1800 have been used for close readings and a qualitative analysis was performed on the collected data.The analysis showed (i) that medical practitioners expressed considerable interest in dysentery and in trying to understand it as a great suffering for individuals, for society and for humanity as a whole. (ii) Medical practitioners took treatment measures based on how they understood the cause of the disease outbreak. Either the dysentery was referred to internal causes, as sickness in organs, especially the organs that produced bodily fluids, or it was referred to external causes, as a sickness caused by heat, cold, weather, winds, air, climate, seasons, lunar position, etc. (iii) The cause of the disease was understood and explained both as an infection and as a pre-disposition for imbalances in body fluids. (iv) Both physicians and surgeons understood that the disease of dysentery was a global phenomenon and that the disease often was connected to the climate and weather. This standpoint was based on the fact that dysentery distinguished itself as an autumnal disease. Its eruption usually began with a few scattered cases in July, then increased in August and culminated in September. Theories about the disease, its causes and treatment did not differ significantly between physicians and surgeons. However, the views of different physicians did differ.The thematic map of understanding related to disease of dysentery, shows that medical practitioners’ knowledge, theories and ideas behind the medical practice of dysentery, have an ambiguity in the view of both the dysentery and the treatment of it. This was probably due to interpretation based both on observable causes of diseases, and on a more theoretical abstract meaning, where diseases to a greater extent was understood on the basis of symptoms and signs.It is suggested that regardless of the knowledge base of the individual medical practitioner, no one represented an independent knowledge base for their treatment of dysentery; rather they participated actively with each other in a mutually constitutive way in order to shape their understanding of the dysentery. This theses’ qualitative approach, allows dysentery patients and their medical practitioners via the texts of the medical practitioners, to offer very personal accounts of a highly contagious disease.

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Soukup, Eric D. "Characterization of Putative RNA Thermometers Controlling the Production of Shigella dysenteriae Virulence Factors." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461327658.

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30

au, T. La@murdoch edu, and Tom La. "Characterisation, Recombinant Expression and Immunogenicity of BHLP29.7, An Outer Membrane Lipoprotein of Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070830.141953.

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Swine dysentery (SD) is an important endemic infection in many piggeries, and control can be problematic. In this study, the gene encoding a 29.7 kDa outer membrane lipoprotein of the causative intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, was identified and sequenced. An 816 bp hypothetical open reading frame (ORF) was identified, with a potential ribosome binding site, and putative 10 and 35 promoter regions upstream from the start of the ORF. The 29.7 kDa outer membrane lipoprotein was designated Bhlp29.7 and the encoding gene named bhlp29.7. The amino acid sequence of Bhlp29.7 included a 19 residue hydrophobic signal peptide, incorporating a potential signal peptidase cleavage site and membrane lipoprotein lipid attachment site. In silico analysis of this protein together with lipidation studies further supported its probable outer membrane localisation. Comparison of the Bhlp29.7 sequence with public sequence databases showed that it had up to 40% similarity with the D-methionine substrate-binding outer membrane lipoprotein (MetQ) of a number of bacterial pathogens. The Bhlp29.7 gene was detected in all 48 strains of B. hyodysenteriae examined, and in Brachyspira innocens strain B256T, but not in 10 other strains of B. innocens or in 42 strains of other Brachyspira spp. The gene was sequenced from B. innocens strain B256T and from 11 strains of B. hyodysenteriae. The B. hyodysenteriae genes shared 97.9-100% nucleotide sequence identity and had 97.5-99.5% identity with the gene of B. innocens strain B256T. The Bhlp29.7 gene was subsequently cloned and expressed as a histidine fusion protein in an Escherichia coli expression system. An ELISA test using recombinant his-tagged Bhlp29.7 (His6-Bhlp29.7) as the detecting antigen was developed and evaluated. The threshold value of the test was chosen to provide a highly stringent assessment of the disease status of a herd. The sensitivity and specificity of the test was 100%. When the test was applied to sera from eight herds with suspected SD, four gave ELISA values indicating that the herds were diseased. The remaining four herds gave ELISA values below the threshold value. These results indicated that the Bhlp29.7-ELISA was useful as an indirect test for exposure of a herd to B. hyodysenteriae and may be a helpful complement to current methods of SD diagnosis. Recombinant His6-Bhlp29.7 was evaluated as a vaccine subunit for prevention of SD. The His6-Bhlp29.7 was shown to be immunogenic in mice following two intramuscular injections. Vaccination of mice with His6-Bhlp29.7 provided full protection after oral challenge with B. hyodysenteriae. In two experiments, intramuscular and oral vaccination of pigs with the His6-Bhlp29.7 resulted in a 50% reduction in incidence of SD compared to unvaccinated control pigs (P=0.047). This is the first subunit vaccine shown to provide pigs with protection from SD. Further work is needed to optimise delivery routes and adjuvants for commercial development of the vaccine.

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La, Tom. "Characterisation, recombinant expression and immunogenicity of BHLP29.7, an outer membrane lipoprotein of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae." Thesis, La, Tom (2006) Characterisation, recombinant expression and immunogenicity of BHLP29.7, an outer membrane lipoprotein of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/140/.

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Swine dysentery (SD) is an important endemic infection in many piggeries, and control can be problematic. In this study, the gene encoding a 29.7 kDa outer membrane lipoprotein of the causative intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, was identified and sequenced. An 816 bp hypothetical open reading frame (ORF) was identified, with a potential ribosome binding site, and putative -10 and -35 promoter regions upstream from the start of the ORF. The 29.7 kDa outer membrane lipoprotein was designated Bhlp29.7 and the encoding gene named bhlp29.7. The amino acid sequence of Bhlp29.7 included a 19 residue hydrophobic signal peptide, incorporating a potential signal peptidase cleavage site and membrane lipoprotein lipid attachment site. In silico analysis of this protein together with lipidation studies further supported its probable outer membrane localisation. Comparison of the Bhlp29.7 sequence with public sequence databases showed that it had up to 40% similarity with the D-methionine substrate-binding outer membrane lipoprotein (MetQ) of a number of bacterial pathogens. The Bhlp29.7 gene was detected in all 48 strains of B. hyodysenteriae examined, and in Brachyspira innocens strain B256T, but not in 10 other strains of B. innocens or in 42 strains of other Brachyspira spp. The gene was sequenced from B. innocens strain B256T and from 11 strains of B. hyodysenteriae. The B. hyodysenteriae genes shared 97.9-100% nucleotide sequence identity and had 97.5-99.5% identity with the gene of B. innocens strain B256T. The Bhlp29.7 gene was subsequently cloned and expressed as a histidine fusion protein in an Escherichia coli expression system. An ELISA test using recombinant his-tagged Bhlp29.7 (His6-Bhlp29.7) as the detecting antigen was developed and evaluated. The threshold value of the test was chosen to provide a highly stringent assessment of the disease status of a herd. The sensitivity and specificity of the test was 100%. When the test was applied to sera from eight herds with suspected SD, four gave ELISA values indicating that the herds were diseased. The remaining four herds gave ELISA values below the threshold value. These results indicated that the Bhlp29.7-ELISA was useful as an indirect test for exposure of a herd to B. hyodysenteriae and may be a helpful complement to current methods of SD diagnosis. Recombinant His6-Bhlp29.7 was evaluated as a vaccine subunit for prevention of SD. The His6-Bhlp29.7 was shown to be immunogenic in mice following two intramuscular injections. Vaccination of mice with His6-Bhlp29.7 provided full protection after oral challenge with B. hyodysenteriae. In two experiments, intramuscular and oral vaccination of pigs with the His6-Bhlp29.7 resulted in a 50% reduction in incidence of SD compared to unvaccinated control pigs (P=0.047). This is the first subunit vaccine shown to provide pigs with protection from SD. Further work is needed to optimise delivery routes and adjuvants for commercial development of the vaccine.

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32

La, Tom. "Characterisation, recombinant expression and immunogenicity of BHLP29.7, an outer membrane lipoprotein of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae." La, Tom (2006) Characterisation, recombinant expression and immunogenicity of BHLP29.7, an outer membrane lipoprotein of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/140/.

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Swine dysentery (SD) is an important endemic infection in many piggeries, and control can be problematic. In this study, the gene encoding a 29.7 kDa outer membrane lipoprotein of the causative intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, was identified and sequenced. An 816 bp hypothetical open reading frame (ORF) was identified, with a potential ribosome binding site, and putative -10 and -35 promoter regions upstream from the start of the ORF. The 29.7 kDa outer membrane lipoprotein was designated Bhlp29.7 and the encoding gene named bhlp29.7. The amino acid sequence of Bhlp29.7 included a 19 residue hydrophobic signal peptide, incorporating a potential signal peptidase cleavage site and membrane lipoprotein lipid attachment site. In silico analysis of this protein together with lipidation studies further supported its probable outer membrane localisation. Comparison of the Bhlp29.7 sequence with public sequence databases showed that it had up to 40% similarity with the D-methionine substrate-binding outer membrane lipoprotein (MetQ) of a number of bacterial pathogens. The Bhlp29.7 gene was detected in all 48 strains of B. hyodysenteriae examined, and in Brachyspira innocens strain B256T, but not in 10 other strains of B. innocens or in 42 strains of other Brachyspira spp. The gene was sequenced from B. innocens strain B256T and from 11 strains of B. hyodysenteriae. The B. hyodysenteriae genes shared 97.9-100% nucleotide sequence identity and had 97.5-99.5% identity with the gene of B. innocens strain B256T. The Bhlp29.7 gene was subsequently cloned and expressed as a histidine fusion protein in an Escherichia coli expression system. An ELISA test using recombinant his-tagged Bhlp29.7 (His6-Bhlp29.7) as the detecting antigen was developed and evaluated. The threshold value of the test was chosen to provide a highly stringent assessment of the disease status of a herd. The sensitivity and specificity of the test was 100%. When the test was applied to sera from eight herds with suspected SD, four gave ELISA values indicating that the herds were diseased. The remaining four herds gave ELISA values below the threshold value. These results indicated that the Bhlp29.7-ELISA was useful as an indirect test for exposure of a herd to B. hyodysenteriae and may be a helpful complement to current methods of SD diagnosis. Recombinant His6-Bhlp29.7 was evaluated as a vaccine subunit for prevention of SD. The His6-Bhlp29.7 was shown to be immunogenic in mice following two intramuscular injections. Vaccination of mice with His6-Bhlp29.7 provided full protection after oral challenge with B. hyodysenteriae. In two experiments, intramuscular and oral vaccination of pigs with the His6-Bhlp29.7 resulted in a 50% reduction in incidence of SD compared to unvaccinated control pigs (P=0.047). This is the first subunit vaccine shown to provide pigs with protection from SD. Further work is needed to optimise delivery routes and adjuvants for commercial development of the vaccine.

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33

Almasude, Eden. "Characterization of SraB, a novel small RNA molecule, in the pathogenic bacterium Shigella dysenteriae." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1307114184.

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34

Barbosa, Ana Clara de Oliveira Ferraz. "Estrutura genética e sistema de cruzamento em Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Mvrtaceae)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3881.

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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-16T13:27:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese - Ana Clara de Oliveira Ferraz Barbosa - 2014.pdf: 7503883 bytes, checksum: 4ba2274e8cf2c886f8484854e4224c41 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-16T13:37:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese - Ana Clara de Oliveira Ferraz Barbosa - 2014.pdf: 7503883 bytes, checksum: 4ba2274e8cf2c886f8484854e4224c41 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-16T13:37:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese - Ana Clara de Oliveira Ferraz Barbosa - 2014.pdf: 7503883 bytes, checksum: 4ba2274e8cf2c886f8484854e4224c41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG The genetic structure of a species corresponds to the amount of genetic variability and its distribution within and among local populations and individuals. The patterns of variability among individuals in a local population are highly dependent of mating system. The goal of this study was to evaluate the mating system, the diversity and genetic structure in populations of E. dysenterica in local and regional scale. The assessment of the mating system and the analysis of genetic structure at the local scale were performed in a population of Mimoso – GO and for the analysis of genetic structure at the regional scale were analyzed 23 natural populations of E. dysenterica derived from six Brazilian states (Goiás, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Piauí). For all studies seven polymorphic microsatellite loci were used. Considering the 20 families analyzed, the multilocus outcrossing rates (tm = 0.918) and single locus (ts = 0.797) were high and significant. From a total of 399 seeds evaluated, it was possible to determine the pollen donor to 218 seeds (55%) with confidence level of 90%, 174 seeds (44%) with confidence level of 95% and 65 seeds (16%) with confidence level of 99%. In 15 families evaluated were possible to verify the occurrence of multiple paternity, with the number of pollen donor per fruit ranged from one to three. The results presented show that the species E. dysenterica presents mixed mating system and that there is multiple paternity in this species. The intrapopulational spatial genetic structure was positive (R2 = 0.01646, p < 0.001), which was expected since species generally have spatial restriction to disperse. The spatial genetic structure was significant (Sp = 0.0143) and genetic neighborhood (Nb) was equal to 69.93 km. On average, about 30 individuals were analyzed by subpopulation for all loci. The average number of alleles per locus was equal to 9, the genetic diversity was high (0.725) and the observed frequency of heterozygotes (Ho) was 0.610. Were found 18 private alleles in 10 subpopulations. The results for the fixation index ((f) in the subpopulations ranged between -0.058 and 0.338, with an overall value of 0.162, indicating excess of homozygotes in relation to the expected under HWE. The genetic differentiation between subpopulations can be considered relatively high (FST = 0.161). The Mantel test indicates that the genetic divergence of 24 subpopulations evaluated is structured in geographic space (r = 0.427, p < 0.001), suggesting that the model of isolation by distance or stepping-stone are adequate to explain the spatial pattern of genetic divergence among subpopulations of E. dysenterica evaluated. A estrutura genética de uma espécie corresponde à quantidade da variabilidade genética e sua distribuição dentro e entre populações locais e indivíduos. Os padrões de variabilidade entre indivíduos em uma população local são altamente dependentes do sistema de cruzamento. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi avaliar o sistema de cruzamento, a diversidade e a estrutura genética em populações de E. dysenterica, em escala local e regional. A avaliação do sistema de cruzamento e a análise da estrutura genética intrapopulacional foram realizadas em uma população do município de Mimoso – GO e para a estrutura genética interpopulacional foram analisadas 23 subpopulações naturais de E. dysenterica oriundas de seis estados brasileiros. Para todos os estudos foram utilizados sete locos microssatélites polimórficos. Considerando as 20 famílias analisadas, as taxas de fecundação cruzada multiloco (tm = 0,918) e uniloco (ts = 0,797) foram altas. De um total de 399 sementes avaliadas, foi possível determinar o doador de pólen para 218 sementes (55%) com confiança de 90%, 174 sementes (44%) com confiança de 95% e 65 sementes (16%) com confiança de 99%. Em 15 famílias avaliadas foi possível verificar a ocorrência de paternidade múltipla, sendo que o número de doador de pólen por fruto variou de um a três. Os resultados apresentados revelam que a espécie E. dysenterica apresenta sistema de cruzamento misto e que existe paternidade múltipla nessa espécie. A estrutura genética espacial intrapopulacional foi positiva (R2 = 0,01646, p < 0,001), o que era esperado, uma vez que espécies vegetais geralmente possuem restrição espacial para se dispersarem. A estrutura genética espacial foi significativa (Sp = 0,0143) e a vizinhança genética (Nb) foi igual a 69,93 km. Em média, foram analisados aproximadamente 30 indivíduos por subpopulação para todos os locos. O número médio de alelos por loco foi igual a 9, a diversidade genética foi alta (0,725) e a frequência observada de heterozigotos (Ho) foi 0,610. Foram encontrados 18 alelos privados em 10 subpopulações. Os resultados obtidos para o índice de fixação (f) variaram nas subpopulações entre -0,058 e 0,338, com valor global igual a 0,162, indicando excesso de homozigotos em relação às frequências esperadas sob EHW. A diferenciação genética entre as subpopulações pode ser considerada relativamente alta ( P = 0,161). O teste de Mantel indica que a divergência genética das 23 subpopulações avaliadas está estruturada no espaço geográfico (r = 0,427; p < 0,001), sugerindo que o modelo de isolamento-por-distância ou stepping-stone são adequados para explicar o padrão espacial de divergência genética entre as subpopulações de E. dysenterica avaliadas.

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Ribeiro, Stela Barros. "Sequenciamento e caracterização parcial do genoma de cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica DC.)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6232.

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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-19T11:37:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Stela Barros RIbeiro - 2016.pdf: 2466812 bytes, checksum: 6dcf03c36d51185279b526d71c61bd43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-19T11:38:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Stela Barros RIbeiro - 2016.pdf: 2466812 bytes, checksum: 6dcf03c36d51185279b526d71c61bd43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T11:38:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Stela Barros RIbeiro - 2016.pdf: 2466812 bytes, checksum: 6dcf03c36d51185279b526d71c61bd43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The development of genomic analysis technologies, mainly the next generation sequencing platforms (NGS), has enabled to obtain a large amount of DNA sequencing information. The association between NGS data and cutting edge computational tools affords access to whole genome information for different organisms, through whole genome assembly (or partial) and structural and functional characterization. The cagaiteira tree (E. dysenterica DC.) is one of the Cerrado native species with potential utilization in crop production systems, due to its products exploration: fruits, leaves and bark. Besides, it has ecological importance for food availability to local fauna. Despite the efforts made, little is known about the organization and genetic structure of the cagaiteira tree. The previous researches take into account a reduced number of molecular markers applied to mating systems studies and effects of micro evolutionary events in populations. In this study we obtained an assembly and a partial characterization of E. dysenterica genome, regarding number, structure and function of genes and repetitive DNA. We obtained DNA sequences for five individuals from different populations using Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The quality control was performed with FasQc and Trimmomatic. We assembled the reads using dipSPAdes and used blastn and Samtools to verify the assembly quality. We used Repeat Masker, Repeat Modeler and QDD to identify and characterize the repetitive DNA content. For gene prediction and annotation we used AUGUSTUS and Blast2GO. The raw DNA sequences amounted 8.64 Gb, distributed in 63,017,960 reads. After trimming for low quality, the amount decreased to 5.63 Gb, distributed in 59,415,168 reads. After filtering for organellar DNA and contigs smaller than 500 bp, we assembled 130,243 contigs, representing 56.7% (~250 Mb) of estimated E.dysenterica genome size (~442 Mb). About 35.3% of genome assembled comprised repetitive regions, of which 27.1% are transposable elements (most LTR retrotransposons). We identified 55,491 microsatellite regions, 46,701 mononucleotides and 8,403 dinucleotides. The T/A motif was the most common follow by A/T and GA/TC. We predicted 60,171 gene fragments and 228,510 transcripts. We observed a gene density of 1 gene per 7.3 Kb and an average of 3.8 transcripts per gene. This study makes the cagaiteira tree the first native plant species from Cerrado of which genome was widely sampled and characterized using NGS data. Com o desenvolvimento das tecnologias de análise genômica, entre elas o sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS), a obtenção de uma grande quantidade de dados de sequenciamento de DNA é hoje uma realidade. Estes dados, associados às ferramentas computacionais desenvolvidas para sua análise, permitem o acesso às informações sobre genomas de diversos organismos, através da montagem de suas sequências parciais ou completas, bem como sua caracterização estrutural e funcional. A cagaiteira (E.dysenterica DC.) é uma das espécies nativas do Cerrado que possui potencial de utilização em sistemas de produção agrícola, devido ao potencial de utilização de seus frutos, folhas e casca além de possuir grande valor ecológico, por servir de alimento para a fauna nas suas regiões de ocorrência. Apesar dos avanços obtidos, pouco se sabe sobre a organização e estrutura genética desta espécie, visto que os trabalhos já realizados fazem o uso de um pequeno número de marcadores moleculares, aplicados a estudos sobre sistema cruzamento e efeitos de eventos microevolutivos nas populações. Foi realizada a montagem e a caracterização parcial o genoma de E.dysenterica com relação à quantidade, estrutura e função de genes e DNAs repetitivos, de forma a agregar informações àquelas já existentes. DNAs de cinco indivíduos de populações distintas foram sequenciados utilizando a plataforma Illumina MiSeq. O controle de qualidade das sequências genômicas obtidas foi feito utilizando o FastQc e o Trimmomatic. O draft assembly foi obtido utilizando o dipSpades e o controle de qualidade do assembly foi feito utilizando o blastn e o SamTools. A identificação e caracterização de regiões repetitivas foi feita com os programas RepeatMasker, RepeatModeler e QDD. Para a predição e anotação de genes foram utilizados os programas AUGUSTUS e o Blast2GO. Foi obtido um volume inicial de 8,64 Gb de sequências, distribuídos em 63.017.960 reads. Este valor diminuiu para após o controle de qualidade, restando 5,63 Gb, distribuídos em 59.415.168 reads. Mesmo com diminuição da quantidade de dados, foi observado o aumento das taxas de alinhamento entre o genoma de E.dysentera e E.grandis, espécie mais próxima à cagaiteira, cujo genoma já foi sequenciado. Após a retirada de DNAs organelares e contigs menores que 500 bases, foram obtidos 130.243 contigs, representando 56,7% (~250 Mb) do tamanho estimado para o genoma de E.dysenterica (~442 Mb). Cerca de 35,3% do assembly é composto por regiões repetitivas das quais 27,1% são elementos transponíveis, sendo a maioria pertencente à ordem LTR retrotransposons. Foram identificadas 55.491 regiões microssatélites das quais 46.701 são monocleotídeos e 8.403 são dinucleotídeos. O motivo de repetição T/A foi o mais frequente, seguido por A/T e GA/TC. Foram preditos 60.171 fragmentos gênicos e 228.510 transcritos. Observou-se uma densidade de 1 gene a cada 7,3 kb e uma média de 3,8 transcritos por gene. Diante dos resultados obtidos e a abordagem utilizada, este trabalho faz da cagaiteira a primeira espécie vegetal nativa do Cerrado cujo genoma foi amplamente amostrado e caracterizado utilizando dados NGS.

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Camilo, Yanuzi Mara Vargas. "Avaliação de cagaiteiras (Eugenia dysenterica DC.) cultivadas no município de Goiânia,GO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4692.

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Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T17:12:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Yanuzi Mara Vargas Camilo - 2015.pdf: 2915292 bytes, checksum: 6848992371daa4fa5df1e6393febb48c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-21T10:15:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Yanuzi Mara Vargas Camilo - 2015.pdf: 2915292 bytes, checksum: 6848992371daa4fa5df1e6393febb48c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T10:15:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Yanuzi Mara Vargas Camilo - 2015.pdf: 2915292 bytes, checksum: 6848992371daa4fa5df1e6393febb48c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq Theobjective of this research was to study the morphometric and phenological development, and production of Eugenia dysenterica DC., from different municipalities in Goiás Southeast and grown in experimental area of the Escola de Agronomia of Universidade Federal de Goiás, featuring physically and chemically their fruit and the fatty acid profile of its seeds, and to evaluate the chemical composition variability of the essential oil extracted from its leaves, with the aim of better understanding, expansion and use of this native. For morphometric analysis, semiannual readings of the total height of the trees were made, crown insertion height, crown diameter, length, and proportion of canopy projection index, coverage ratio, formal crown and stem diameter at 10 cm soil. The phenological observations were carried out fortnightly being evaluated phases leafing, flowering, fruiting, leaf abscission, budding and fruit production. The harvests of 2013 and 2014 the fruits were chemically physical and evaluated for weight, longitudinal and transverse diameter, number and weight of seeds / fruit, pulp mass, skin color, juice yield, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity , moisture, ash, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, mineral nutrients and fatty acids in seeds. The essential oil extracted from the leaves cagaiteira was evaluated for yield and seasonality and different groups of plants. Climatic data were obtained in the First Class Evaporimétrica station in operation at EA / UFG. There was a wide variation between plants regarding the morphometric variables analyzed. The plants presented is still under development, an increase in height and diameter, however, with medium to low growth, and with slim canopy format. The cagaiteira loses its old leaves in August and September, and the issuance of new leaves occurs throughout the year, peaking in August, September and October, by which time there is also the sprouting stage, flowering and fruiting. Fruit production is considered irregular between plants and switching production between years. The fruits of cagaiteiras are considered irregular as to its physical format, with biometric variation between vintages. The cagaitas pulp apresentoa relevant value for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. The cagaitas seeds have a profile of fatty acids, mostly, linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. The yield of essential oil extracted from cagaiteiras leaves was low, and therefore the main chemical constituents belonging to the biosynthetic class of sesquiterpenes. Of the 30 compounds identified in the essential oil, only five of them corresponded to more than 60% total of the oil extracted from the seeds, they being a-copaeno, (E)-cariofileno, a-cumuleno, g-cadineno e d- cadineno. The highest yield of essential oil occurs in the rainy season and dry / rain transition, and what are the main chemical constituents also occur in higher percentage in these times. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento morfométrico, fenológico, e a produção de cagaiteiras (Eugenia dysenterica DC.) oriundas de diferentes municípios do Sudeste Goiano e cultivadas em área experimental da Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, caracterizando física e quimicamente seus frutos e o perfil de ácidos graxos de suas sementes, além de avaliar a composição e a variabilidade química do óleo essencial extraído de suas folhas, com o intuito de maior conhecimento, expansão e utilização dessa espécies nativa. Para as análises morfométricas foram realizadas leituras semestrais da altura total das árvores, altura de inserção, diâmetro, comprimento e proporção de copa, índice de saliência, índice de abrangência, forma de copa e diâmetro do caule a 10 cm do solo. As observações fenológicas foram realizadas quinzenalmente, sendo avaliadas as fases de folhação, floração, frutificação, abscisão foliar, brotamento e produção de frutos. Nas safras de 2013 e 2014 os frutos foram avaliados físico-quimicamente quanto à massa, diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, número e massa das sementes/fruto, massa da polpa, cor da casca, rendimento de suco, sólidos solúveis totais, pH, acidez titulável, umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos, nutrientes minerais e perfil de ácidos graxos em sementes. O óleo essencial extraído das folhas da cagaiteira foi avaliado quanto ao seu rendimento, composição química e à sazonalidade em diferentes grupos de plantas. Os dados climáticos foram obtidos na Estação Evaporimétrica de Primeira Classe em operação na EA/UFG. Houve uma grande variação entre plantas com relação às variáveis morfométricas analisadas. As plantas apresentaram-se ainda em desenvolvimento, com incremento em altura e diâmetro, no entanto, com médio a baixo crescimento, e com formato de copa esbelto. A cagaiteira perde suas folhas velhas nos meses de agosto e setembro, e a emissão de folhas novas ocorre ao longo do ano, com pico nos meses de agosto, setembro e outubro, época em que também ocorre o período de brotação, floração e frutificação. A produção de frutos é tida como irregular entre plantas e com alternância de produção entre anos. Os frutos de cagaiteiras são considerados irregulares quanto ao seu formato físico, apresentando variação biométrica entre as safras. A polpa de cagaitas apresentou valor relevante para teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. As sementes de cagaitas apresentam em seu perfil de ácidos graxos, majoritariamente, o ácido linoléico, o ácido oléico e o ácido palmítico.O rendimento do óleo essencial extraído de folhas de cagaiteiras foi considerado baixo, sendo os principais constituintes químicos pertencentes à classe biossintética dos sesquiterpenos.Dos 30 compostos identificados no óleo essencial, apenas cinco deles corresponderam a mais de 60% do total do óleo extraído das folhas, sendo eles o a- copaeno, (E)-cariofileno, a-cumuleno, g-cadineno e d-cadineno.O maior rendimento do óleo essencial ocorre na época das chuvas e transição seca/chuva, sendo que os principais constituintes químicos identificados também ocorrem em maior porcentagem nessas épocas.

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Nunes, Rhewter. "Identificação e caracterização de SNPs no genoma de Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6082.

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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-01T13:42:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rhewter Nunes - 2015.pdf: 16056651 bytes, checksum: e2b26d20076c285e8944154d20506e8f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-01T13:43:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rhewter Nunes - 2015.pdf: 16056651 bytes, checksum: e2b26d20076c285e8944154d20506e8f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T13:43:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rhewter Nunes - 2015.pdf: 16056651 bytes, checksum: e2b26d20076c285e8944154d20506e8f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica DC), belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is a neotropical fruit tree species and native Brazilian Cerrado. As for the vast majority of neotropical species, very little is known about the genome of cagaiteira and genetic studies conducted so far are based on the use of a small number of molecular markers. In order to facilitate the development of genetic analysis studies in genomic scale for the species, this study aimed to identify and characterize variants of a single nucleotide (SNPs) in the genome of E. dysenterica using next-generation sequencing data. Genomic DNA libraries extracted from leaf tissue of five individuals of E. dysenterica, descendants of five distinct natural populations were subjected to sequencing on Illumina MiSeq platform, using the paired-end strategy (2x300). The sequences obtained were submitted to quality control examination to remove adapters and low quality regions. An assembly for the draft genome of E. dysenterica was produced by use of dipSPAdes program. To identify SNPs, after controlling for data quality, we performed the alignment of the assembly reads the draft with the BWA program and variants were identified using the platform of GATK tools. After three stages of filtration were identified 999,016 SNPs, with a Ts / Tv ratio equal to 1.86. We observed a density of one SNP every ~ 251 bases and most SNPs occurs in the context gene (59.79%). Most effects of putative SNPs identified are missense mutations (57.70%), but which have a low impact (0.74%). This work provides subsidies for the development of molecular markers for application in genomic studies of populations of E. dysenterica. A cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica DC), pertencente à família Myrtaceae, é uma espécie vegetal neotropical, arbórea, frutífera e nativa do Cerrado brasileiro. Como ocorre para a grande maioria das espécies neotropicais, muito pouco se sabe sobre o genoma da cagaiteira e os estudos genéticos realizados até agora se fundamentam na utilização de um pequeno número de marcadores moleculares. A fim de viabilizar o desenvolvimento de estudos de análise genética em escala genômica para a espécie, esse trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar variantes de um único nucleotídeo (SNPs) no genoma de E. dysenterica, utilizando dados de sequenciamento de nova geração. Bibliotecas de DNA genômico extraído de tecidos foliares de cinco indivíduos de E. dysenterica, descendentes de cinco populações naturais distintas, foram submetidas ao sequenciamento na plataforma Illumina MiSeq, utilizando a estratégia de paired-end (2x300). As sequências obtidas foram submetidas à análise de controle de qualidade para remoção de adaptadores e de regiões de baixa qualidade. Um draft assembly para o genoma de E. dysenterica foi produzido pela utilização do programa dipSPAdes. Para a identificação de SNPs, após o controle de qualidade dos dados, foi realizado o alinhamento dos reads ao draft assembly com o programa BWA e as variantes foram identificadas utilizando-se as ferramentas da plataforma GATK. Após três etapas de filtragem foram identificados 999.016 SNPs, apresentando uma relação Ts/Tv igual a 1,86. Observou-se uma densidade de um SNP a cada ~251 bases e que a maior parte dos SNPs ocorre em contexto gênico (59,79%). A maior parte dos efeitos putativos dos SNPs identificados são de mutações do tipo missense (57,70%), mas que apresentam um baixo impacto (0,74%). Esse trabalho fornece subsídios para o desenvolvimento de marcadores moleculares para aplicação em estudos de genômica de populações de E. dysenterica.

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Сміян, І. С., Л. А. Волянська, Г. Т. Сирник та В. В. Стеценко. "Досвід диференційованого підходу до сорбційної терапії дітей, хворих на гостру дизентерію різного ступеню тяжкості". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2002. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23499.

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Чемич, Микола Дмитрович, Николай Дмитриевич Чемич, Mykola Dmytrovych Chemych, В. В. Сиряченко та В. В. Надточий. "Течение острой дизентерии у детей дошкольного и раннего школьного возраста". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 1997. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24737.

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Roongrasamee, Soisangwan Wanpen Chaicumpa. "Rapid diagnosis of shigellosis /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-RoongrasameeS.pdf.

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Kevin, Gross. "Characterization of a fourU RNA thermometer in the ompA gene of Shigella dysenteriae." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1367582905.

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Fris, Elizabeth Megan. "Small RNA Sibling Pairs RyfA and RyfB in Shigella dysenteriae and their Impact on Pathogenesis." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1531480621100282.

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Santos, Mara Núbia Guimarães dos. "Avaliação de polpa de cagaita (eugenia dysenterica DC.) submetida ao congelamento e atomização." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5528.

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Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-05-04T20:10:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mara Núbia Guimarães dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 1158928 bytes, checksum: cfcf98dd88a1e95e91a7e49d5905f7c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-05T13:11:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mara Núbia Guimarães dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 1158928 bytes, checksum: cfcf98dd88a1e95e91a7e49d5905f7c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-05T13:11:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mara Núbia Guimarães dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 1158928 bytes, checksum: cfcf98dd88a1e95e91a7e49d5905f7c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-02 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The Brazilian Cerrado presents great diversity of native species, but the form of agricultural expansion has ignored the high potential of this biome. Among the fruits of the Cerrado, has the cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC.), with great potential for consumption mainly by the possible uses in culinary. The high perishability of most fruits, combined with seasonality, have driven the development of technological processes, with a view to better use of these fruits, beyond the scope of its postharvest life. Given these factors, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of freezing and atomization on the bioactive compounds of cagaita and evaluate the working life of cagaita atomized pulp stored for 45 days at a temperature of 30 °C. The study was conducted with fruit cagaita collected mature in the morning at the Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia, GO, to obtain the frozen pulp, and then atomized. The samples were analyzed for content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant potential (for ABTS and DPPH), vitamin C, β-carotene (HPLC), sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose) (for HPLC), mineral profile, volatile compounds. The results showed influence of conservation methods (freezing and atomization). May be considered that the drying method spray dryer showed better performance when compared to freezing technique cagaita pulp, one time showed higher levels of total phenolics, total flavoinoides and condensed tannins, after drying the pulp, contributing to increase the antioxidant potential (ABTS). However, food preservation methods studied were not effective for the preservation of the vitamin C content of cagaita fresh. The methods of preservation (freezing and spray) showed different levels of sugars (fructose, glucose), but showed no sucrose contents to nennhum method. Using the spray technique, there is the possibility of extracting volatile compounds different in the lowest percentage of area compared with fresh fruit and also the frozen pulp. During the storage time (45 days) at 30 °C was observed the increase of the maintainer and bioactive compounds present in the pulp atomized cagaita, indicating that the atomization may be a technique for preserving fruit. The work contributed to a greater appreciation and enjoyment of the Brazilian Cerrado and at the same time, encouraging the preservation of this biome O Cerrado brasileiro apresenta grande diversidade de espécies nativas, mas a forma de expansão agrícola tem ignorado o alto potencial desse bioma. Dentre os frutos do Cerrado, tem-se a cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC.), com grande potencial de consumo, principalmente, pelas possibilidades de utilização na culinária. A alta perecibilidade da maioria dos frutos, aliado à sua sazonalidade, têm impulsionado o desenvolvimento de processos tecnológicos, com vistas ao melhor aproveitamento destes frutos, além da extensão de sua vida pós-colheita. Diante desses fatores, este estudo teve como proposta, avaliar o efeito do congelamento e atomização sobre os compostos bioativos da cagaita, bem como avaliar a vida util da polpa de cagaita atomizada, armazenada durante 45 dias, à temperatura de 30 ºC. O trabalho foi realizado com frutos de cagaita, coletados maduros, pela manhã, na Universidade Federal de Goiás, em Goiânia-GO, para a obtenção da polpa congelada, e, posteriormente, atomizada. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de compostos fenólicos totais, flavonóides totais, taninos condensados, potencial antioxidante (por ABTS e DPPH), vitamina C, β-caroteno (por HPLC), teores de açúcares (frutose, glicose, sacarose) (por HPLC), perfil de minerais, compostos voláteis. Os resultados demonstraram influencia dos métodos de conservação (congelamento e atomização), podendo-se considerar que o método de secagem por spray dryer apresentou melhor performance, quando comparado a técnica de congelamento da polpa de cagaita, com maiores teores de compostos fenólicos totais, flavoinoides totais e taninos condensados, após a secagem da polpa, contribuindo para aumento do potencial antioxidante (ABTS). Porém, os métodos de conservação de alimentos estudados não foram eficazes para a preservação do teor da vitamina C da cagaita in natura. Os métodos de conservação (congelamento e atomização) apresentaram teores de açúcares diferentes (frutose, glicose), mas não apresentaram teores de sacarose para nennhum método. Utilizando-se a técnica de atomização, observou-se a possibilidade de extração de diferentes compostos voláteis, em menor percentual de área, em comparação com a fruta in natura e também com a polpa congelada. Durante o tempo de armazenamento (45 dias) à 30 ºC observou-se a mantenção e aumento dos compostos bioativos presentes na polpa de cagaita atomizada, indicando que a atomização pode ser uma técnica para conservação da fruta. O trabalho contribuiu para uma maior valorização e aproveita

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Zucchi, Maria Imaculada. "Análise da estrutura genética de Eugenia dysenterica DC utilizando marcadores RAPD e SSR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-17032003-144316/.

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Os marcadores moleculares têm sido frequentemente utilizados em estudos sobre a diversidade e a estrutura genética populacional. A introdução dos marcadores moleculares revolucionou a genética de populações na década de 50, com a técnica de isoenzimas e recentemente tem conseguido enormes avanços com a aplicação de tecnologias baseadas em DNA. Os marcadores moleculares baseados em DNA permitiram uma ampla cobertura genômica e tornaram-se poderosas ferramentas para estudos de genética de populações. Marcadores codominantes têm sido muito utilizados na genética de populações por serem mais informativos que os marcadores dominantes. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi utilizar marcadores dominantes com o intuito de contornar o problema da dominância. Para isso, foram utilizadas neste trabalho progênies para genotipagens com RAPD visando inferir o genótipo das plantas matrizes. Foi encontrando um valor de variação entre populações de plantas jovens, igual a ST f =0,328. E estimativa similar a esta, foi calculada com os dados de freqüências alélicas das plantas matrizes, obtendo-se um valor de ST F =0,318. O objetivo secundário deste trabalho foi gerar várias estimativas de parâmetros populacionais com a finalidade de comparar os diferentes tipos de marcadores moleculares. Foram comparadas as estimativas relacionadas ao sistema reprodutivo ( t ), heterozigozidade esperada ( e H ) e observada ( o H ), estatísticas F de Wrigth, o parâmetro ST f e dendrogramas obtidos com os diferentes tipos de marcadores (SSR, RAPD e isoenzimas) em diversas abordagens. A taxa de cruzamento ( t ) obtida com os diferentes tipos de marcadores foram congruentes, sendo que a menor foi encontrada com isoenzimas utilizando progênies ( m t =0,835), e a maior obtida com marcadores SSR ( a t =1,07) utilizando indivíduos adultos. Isto levou a concluir que a espécie é alógama ou com tendência para alogamia. Com relação à estrutura genética e o fluxo gênico as estimativas não foram inteiramente concordantes. A menor estimativa de divergência foi obtida com marcadores isoenzimáticos ( p q =0,154, Nm=1,370) e a maior com RAPD ( ST f =0,328, Nm=0,512). Porém é importante ressaltar, que estas estimativas não são diretamente comparáveis, pois são obtidas de maneiras diferentes e com dados de progênies ou adultos. Quanto à estruturação da variabilidade visualizada através de agrupamentos, observou-se que os dendrogramas apresentam um padrão concordante sendo que a maior sensibilidade (maior amplitude de distâncias) foi obtida com os dados de SSR. Além disso, foram feitas correlações entre as matrizes de distâncias genéticas e geográficas e entre as matrizes de distâncias genéticas (correlações entre os diferentes marcadores). Estas correlações foram altas indicando que todos os marcadores amostram bem o genoma. Este estudo permitiu comparar dados de duas gerações e uma metodologia diferente para análise de dados com marcadores dominantes, sem impor restrições nos modelos (f =1 ou f =0). Pôde-se concluir que houve congruência entre as estimativas dos parâmetros populacionais obtidas com os diferentes tipos de marcadores, embora tenha ocorrido algumas discrepâncias como foi o caso da estimativa de fluxo gênico com marcadores isoenzimáticos. Apesar de os marcadores possuírem diferentes naturezas todos foram igualmente informativos para este estudo populacional, inclusive os dominantes quando foram usados dados de duas gerações. Molecular markers have frequently been used in studies on diversity and population genetic structure. The introduction of the these markers revolutionized the genetics of populations in the decade of 50 with the isoenzimes technique and recently enormous progresses have been achieved with the application of technologies based on DNA. Molecular markers based on DNA allowed a wide coverage of the genome and therefore became a powerful tool for these studies. Codominant markers, being more informative than the dominant ones are now being widely used. The main objective of this work was to use dominant (RAPD) markers overcomming the problem of dominance through progeny testing. Offspring were genotyped in order to infer the maternal genotype. Using the AMOVA procedure the variation value found among populations of seedlings was equal to ST f =0.328. The corresponding F statistic, based on allelic frequencies of seed parents, was ST F =0.318. The second objective of this work was to obtain different estimates of population parameters with the purpose of comparing the different types of molecular markers. In addition to Wrights F statistics, estimates related to the reproductive system (t ), expected ( e H ) and observed heterozigozities ( o H ) and dendrograms obtained with markers SSR, RAPD and isoenzimes were compared. The outcrossing rate ( t ) obtained agreed reasonably well, and the smallest value was found with isozymes using progenies ( m t =0.835), and the largest one, obtained with SSR markers ( a t =1.07) using adult individuals. The results led to a conclusion that the species is allogamic or with tendency to allogamy. Estimates related with the genetic structure and gene flow, however, were not entirely congruent. The smallest divergence estimate was obtained with isozymes ( p q =0.154, Nm=1.370) and the largest one with RAPD ( ST f =0.328, Nm=0.512). It is important to point out, that these estimates are not directly comparable, due to the difference in the underlying model and the basic material used (progenies or adults). About the structuring of the variability visualized through groupings, dendrograms presented a congruent pattern and the largest sensibility (larger range of distances) was obtained with SSR data. In addition, correlations were calculated among the matrices of genetic and geographical distances and among the matrices of genetic distances obtained from the different markers. High correlations were verified among these matrices, indicating that all markers sampled well the genome under study. This study allowed to compare data of two generations and a different methodology for data analysis with dominant markers, without imposing restrictions on the model ( f =1 or f =0). It could be concluded that a reasonable consistency was verified among the population parameters obtained with different types of markers, although some discrepancies existed as in the case of estimates of gene flow with isozymes markers. In spite of their different origins, the markers used here were equally informative for this population study, including the dominant one, when data of two generations were used.

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45

Dunson, Amanda E. "Regulation of ompA and Its Effect on Shigella Virulence." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1400564483.

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46

Siba, Peter. "Effect of diet on the expression of swine dysentery in experimentally infected pigs." Siba, Peter (1996) Effect of diet on the expression of swine dysentery in experimentally infected pigs. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/309/.

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Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis resulting from infection with the anaerobic spirochaetal bacterium, Serpulina hyodysenteriae. The disease affects weaner and grower pigs throughout the world, and causes significant financial losses due to mortality, decreased rate of growth, poor feed conversion, and expense of chemotherapy. Previous studies have shown that despite the presence of S. hyodysenteriae in pigs on many farms, clinical signs of SD do not always occur. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of diet on the clinical expression of SD. The ultimate aim was to identify diets that could be used to prevent or control the disease. One hundred and seventy-eight weaner pigs were purchased from specific-pathogen free farms and fed one of 16 diets based on: cooked riceanimal protein, cooked rice-dehulled lupin, wheat-lupin, wheat-animal protein, parboiled rice dehulled lupin, parboiled rice-animal protein, and processed (hammer-milled or steam-flaked) cereal grains (barley, groats, maize, sorghum and wheat) supplemented with animal protein. Eighty four pigs on these diets were slaughtered after one month to measure the influence of the diets on parameters in the large intestine, including organ sizes, and pH, VFA concentrations and dry matter content of the digesta in the caecum, and proximal and distal colon. The cooked rice-animal protein diet caused low levels of microbial fermentation in the large intestine of pigs as indicated by higher pH values, lower VFAs, smaller intestinal organ sizes, and drier contents in the colon and rectum, compared to pigs on the other diets. A limited amount of fermentative substrates from the cooked rice-animal protein diet entered the large intestine, and this led to a low microbial fermentation activity. Pigs fed diets containing cereal grains, parboiled rice and or dehulled lupins had greater fermentative activity in the large intestine. Parboiled rice unexpectedly was not easily digestible. Of the processed cereal grain diets, steam-flaked grains resulted in significantly higher (<0.05) intestinal pH values than hammer-milled grains. This suggested that steam-flaking process made the nutrients (most likely starch) more available for digestion in the small intestine than did the hammer-milling process. Another 94 pigs fed on the various diets were orally challenged with broth cultures of S, hyodysenteriae and were monitored for faecal excretion of spirochaetes, and for the development of SD. Diseased pigs were slaughtered immediately, and healthy pigs were slaughtered after 4-6 weeks, and changes in the large intestine were recorded. None of 16 challenged pigs fed cooked rice-animal protein developed SD and it was assumed that the reduced fermentation with this diet inhibited colonisation by S. hyodysenteriae, and expression of SD. Disease occurred in varying numbers of pigs fed all the other diets, for example cooked rice-dehulled lupin (83.3%), wheat-dehulled lupin (62.5%) and wheat-animal protein (60%). The diseased pigs developed diarrhoea with blood and mucus, were depressed, lacked appetite and showed gross and microscopic evidence of severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis. When two pigs fed the protective cooked rice-animal protein diet were transferred to the wheat-dehulled lupin diet, one died of acute clostridial enterotoxaemia, whilst the other developed SD. This provided further evidence for the protective effect of the cooked rice-animal protein diet. Of the processed cereal grain types, steam-flaked maize and steam-flaked sorghum diets containing animal protein protected all pigs against SD, although small numbers of animals were used. All cereal-based diets resulted in greater fermentation than the cooked rice-animal protein diets, but fermentation was relatively reduced with steam flaked maize. The protective rice-animal protein diet was fed to pigs on a commercial piggery with SD. It resulted in good growth rate and carcass composition, but unfortunately no disease occurred amongst the control pigs during the experiment, so its efficacy against SD in the field could not be assessed. In conclusion, all protective diets were based on cooked cereal grains which had low levels of non-starch polysaccharides and resistant starch (cooked rice, steam-flaked maize and steam-flaked sorghum) and animal protein. It appears that reducing the availability of such fermentable substrate in the large intestine prevents colonisation by S. hyodysenteriae, and protects pigs from developing SD. This is a major new paradigm for the control of this important disease.

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47

Altonen, Brian Lee. "Asiatic cholera and dysentery on the Oregon Trail : a historical medical geography study." PDXScholar, 2000. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4305.

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Two disease regions existed on the Oregon Trail. Asiatic cholera impacted the Platte River flood plain from 1849 to 1852. Dysentery developed two endemic foci due to the decay of buffalo carcasses in eastern and middle Nebraska between 1844 and 1848, but later developed a much larger endemic region west of this Great Plains due to the infection of livestock carcasses by opportunistic bacteria. This study demonstrates that whereas Asiatic cholera diffusion along the Trail was defined primarily by human population features, topography, and regional climate along the Platte River flood plain, the distribution of opportunistic dysentery along the Trail was defined primarily by human and animal fitness in relation to local topography features. By utilizing a geographic interpretation of disease spread, the Asiatic cholera epidemic caused by Vibrio cholerae could be distinguished from the dysentery epidemic caused by one or more species of Salmonella or Campylobacter. In addition, this study also clarifies an important discrepancy popular to the Oregon Trail history literature. "Mountain fever," a disease typically associated with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, was demonstrated to be cases of fever induced by the same bacteria responsible for opportunistic dysentery. In addition, several important geographic methods of disease interpretations were used for this study. By relating the epidemiological transition model of disease patterns to the early twentieth century sequent occupance models described in numerous geography journals, a spatially- and temporally-oriented disease model was produced applicable to reviews of disease history, a method of analysis which has important applications to current studies of disease patterns in rapidly changing rural and urban population settings.

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48

Siba, Peter Max. "Effect of diet on the expression of swine dysentery in experimentally infected pigs." Thesis, Siba, Peter Max (1996) Effect of diet on the expression of swine dysentery in experimentally infected pigs. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/309/.

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Abstract:

Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis resulting from infection with the anaerobic spirochaetal bacterium, Serpulina hyodysenteriae. The disease affects weaner and grower pigs throughout the world, and causes significant financial losses due to mortality, decreased rate of growth, poor feed conversion, and expense of chemotherapy. Previous studies have shown that despite the presence of S. hyodysenteriae in pigs on many farms, clinical signs of SD do not always occur. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of diet on the clinical expression of SD. The ultimate aim was to identify diets that could be used to prevent or control the disease. One hundred and seventy-eight weaner pigs were purchased from specific-pathogen free farms and fed one of 16 diets based on: cooked riceanimal protein, cooked rice-dehulled lupin, wheat-lupin, wheat-animal protein, parboiled rice dehulled lupin, parboiled rice-animal protein, and processed (hammer-milled or steam-flaked) cereal grains (barley, groats, maize, sorghum and wheat) supplemented with animal protein. Eighty four pigs on these diets were slaughtered after one month to measure the influence of the diets on parameters in the large intestine, including organ sizes, and pH, VFA concentrations and dry matter content of the digesta in the caecum, and proximal and distal colon. The cooked rice-animal protein diet caused low levels of microbial fermentation in the large intestine of pigs as indicated by higher pH values, lower VFAs, smaller intestinal organ sizes, and drier contents in the colon and rectum, compared to pigs on the other diets. A limited amount of fermentative substrates from the cooked rice-animal protein diet entered the large intestine, and this led to a low microbial fermentation activity. Pigs fed diets containing cereal grains, parboiled rice and or dehulled lupins had greater fermentative activity in the large intestine. Parboiled rice unexpectedly was not easily digestible. Of the processed cereal grain diets, steam-flaked grains resulted in significantly higher (<0.05) intestinal pH values than hammer-milled grains. This suggested that steam-flaking process made the nutrients (most likely starch) more available for digestion in the small intestine than did the hammer-milling process. Another 94 pigs fed on the various diets were orally challenged with broth cultures of S, hyodysenteriae and were monitored for faecal excretion of spirochaetes, and for the development of SD. Diseased pigs were slaughtered immediately, and healthy pigs were slaughtered after 4-6 weeks, and changes in the large intestine were recorded. None of 16 challenged pigs fed cooked rice-animal protein developed SD and it was assumed that the reduced fermentation with this diet inhibited colonisation by S. hyodysenteriae, and expression of SD. Disease occurred in varying numbers of pigs fed all the other diets, for example cooked rice-dehulled lupin (83.3%), wheat-dehulled lupin (62.5%) and wheat-animal protein (60%). The diseased pigs developed diarrhoea with blood and mucus, were depressed, lacked appetite and showed gross and microscopic evidence of severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis. When two pigs fed the protective cooked rice-animal protein diet were transferred to the wheat-dehulled lupin diet, one died of acute clostridial enterotoxaemia, whilst the other developed SD. This provided further evidence for the protective effect of the cooked rice-animal protein diet. Of the processed cereal grain types, steam-flaked maize and steam-flaked sorghum diets containing animal protein protected all pigs against SD, although small numbers of animals were used. All cereal-based diets resulted in greater fermentation than the cooked rice-animal protein diets, but fermentation was relatively reduced with steam flaked maize. The protective rice-animal protein diet was fed to pigs on a commercial piggery with SD. It resulted in good growth rate and carcass composition, but unfortunately no disease occurred amongst the control pigs during the experiment, so its efficacy against SD in the field could not be assessed. In conclusion, all protective diets were based on cooked cereal grains which had low levels of non-starch polysaccharides and resistant starch (cooked rice, steam-flaked maize and steam-flaked sorghum) and animal protein. It appears that reducing the availability of such fermentable substrate in the large intestine prevents colonisation by S. hyodysenteriae, and protects pigs from developing SD. This is a major new paradigm for the control of this important disease.

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49

Durmic, Zorica. "Evaluation of dietary fibre as contributing factor in the development of swine dysentery." Thesis, Durmic, Zorica (2000) Evaluation of dietary fibre as contributing factor in the development of swine dysentery. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/53542/.

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Diets that alter fermentation in the hindgut of pigs have been shown to influence the incidence of swine dysentery (SD), an infectious mucohaemorrhagic colitis in pigs caused by infection with the bacterium Serpulina hyodysenteriae. Reducing fermentation can help protect pigs from developing the disease, whilst the fully protective diet, based on cooked white rice, has been described. The aim of this study was to determine links between the diet fed to pigs, hindgut fermentation, and the incidence of SD, and then to develop a commercially applicable diet that would protect pigs against SD. In this study, the first procedure was to estimate pig performance and the hindgut fermentation that occurred when pigs were fed different diets. This was followed by infection trials to provide information on the incidence of SD when these diets were fed. These results were brought together to provide the required information. Overall 246 weaner pigs were fed one of 20 diets in six experiments. Diets were formulated either to investigate the role of different types and levels of dietary fibre on susceptibility to SD, or to test some dietary treatments (dietary extrusion, addition of exogenous enzymes, application of a protective diet after experimental infection) designed to help prevent or reduce the expression of SD. All pigs were fed the experimental diets for four to eight weeks, and then half of the pigs on each diet were killed and their large intestines collected to assess hindgut fermentation. The remaining pigs on each diet were infected with a virulent strain of S. hyodysenteriae and monitored for SD. Hindgut fermentation was suppressed in pigs consuming diets with low levels of fermentable fibre (resistant starch, RS, and soluble non-starch polysaccharides, sNSP), and these pigs did not develop SD. The dietary inclusion of either RS, sNSP, or both to an otherwise protective diet based on cooked rice, resulted in increased hindgut fermentation and a high incidence (80 - 100%) of iv SD. Extrusion of wheat reduced hindgut fermentation and the incidence of disease in experimentally infected pigs in one experiment, but not in the other. Dietary addition of an sNSP-degrading enzyme reduced hindgut fermentation and the incidence of SD only when added to a raw wheat diet, or when combined with an RS-degrading enzyme in an extruded wheat diet. Finely ground sorghum-based diets caused a substantial decrease in fermentation, also achieving a considerable reduction in the disease. Further extrusion and/or addition of RS-degrading enzymes did not improve this effect. The present study confirmed that diets varying in their RS and sNSP content affect several events in the large intestine, with diets having low levels of these ingredients having a capacity to reduce the incidence of SD. This study however failed to identify a diet which would be fully protective as well as commercially applicable and financially viable in farmed pig production. Although protection against SD in pigs by dietary treatments was imperfect, some of these treatments might still be useful if undertaken in combination with other methods for the prevention and control of SD.

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ANDRADE, Wanessa Machado. "Investigação da atividade antitumoral in vitro e in vivo da Eugenia dysenterica DC. (MYRTACEAE)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2115.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:11:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Wanessa Machado Andrade - 2011.pdf: 1952980 bytes, checksum: e95aa49d2fb71af8883a1b476f7d219a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-30 Na busca por novos agentes antineoplásicos os produtos de origem natural têm um papel de destaque, uma vez que cerca de 25% dos fármacos prescritos no mundo são obtidos de plantas e aproximadamente 49% dos fármacos desenvolvidos nas últimas três década foram obtidos a partir de produtos naturais. Eugenia dysenterica DC. pertence à família Myrtaceae e é conhecida p pula mente c m cagaita , sendo empiricamente utilizada no Brasil para o tratamento de distúrbios gastrointestinais e diabetes. Neste trabalho foram investigados a citotoxicidade e os mecanismos de indução de apoptose do extrato padronizado hidroalcóolico das folhas da E. dysenterica DC. sobre células leucêmicas HL60 e K562, atividade antitumoral in vivo em camundongos com tumor ascítico de Ehrlich (TAE), bem como a atuação do extrato frente a células basais, como fibroblastos e eritrócitos, além do perfil de toxicidade oral aguda em camundongos. Os estudos de citotoxicidade foram realizados por meio dos ensaios de exclusão do azul de tripano e redução do tetrazólio (MTT). Os mecanismos de indução de apoptose celular foram investigados por microscopia de luz e de fluorescência e por citometria de fluxo. A investigação do potencial antitumoral in vivo foi feito através da curva de sobrevida utilizando camundongos portadores do TAE tratados com diferentes doses do extrato padronizado hidroalcóolico das folhas da E. dysenterica DC. Os ensaios de segurança foram realizados pelo método de incorporação do corante vermelho neutro em células 3T3 (fibroblastos de camundongos), potencial hemolítico utilizando sangue de carneiro e toxicidade oral aguda de acordo com o guia OECD 423 T xicidade O al Aguda de Classe , 2001. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t de Student e curva de Kaplan Meier para a análise da curva de sobrevida. As médias foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas quando P < 0,05. O extrato da E. dysenterica DC. foi citotóxico para as células leucêmicas HL60 e K562. A análise morfológica das células K562 indicou que o tratamento com o extrato hidroacóolico da planta induziu morte celular por apoptose. A apoptose foi constatada também pelo aumento na geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio, pela redução do potencial de membrana mitocondrial, pela externalização da fosfatidilserina, pela saída de citocromo c da mitocôndria, pela modulação de Bax/Bcl2, pela eduçã de NFҚB e pela ativação das caspases 3 e 8. O extrato da planta também apresentou citotoxicidade concentração-dependente frente às células basais 3T3, porém essa citotoxicidade foi cerca de 7 e 2 vezes menor que para as células leucêmicas HL60 e K562, respectivamente. O extrato não provocou hemólise e nem causou toxicidade nos camundongos tratados com a dose de 2000 mg/Kg, apresentando toxicidade classe 5. A partir da análise dos resultados foi possível concluir que o extrato padronizado hidroalcóolico das folhas da E. dysenterica DC. apresenta atividade citotóxica e indutora de apoptose em células K562 e HL60, atividade antitumoral in vivo em camundongos com TAE, além de apresentar perfil de segurança in vitro e in vivo.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dysenterie'

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