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Chavez-Arana, Clara, Cathy Catroppa, Guillermina Yáñez-Téllez, Belén Prieto-Corona, Adriana Amaya-Hernández, Miguel A. de León, Antonio García, Roberto Gómez-Raygoza, Stephen J. C. Hearps, and Vicki Anderson. "How Do Parents Influence Child Disruptive Behavior After Acquired Brain Injury? Evidence From a Mediation Model and Path Analysis." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 3 (March 2019): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617718001236.
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Objectives:Children with acquired brain injury (ABI) can present with disruptive behavior, which is often a consequence of injury and parent factors. Parent factors are associated with child disruptive behavior. Furthermore, disinhibition in the child also leads to disruptive behavior. However, it is unclear how these factors interact. We investigated whether parental factors influence child disruptive behavior following ABI and how these factors interact.Methods:Parents of 77 children with ABI participated in the study. Parent factors (executive dysfunction, trait-anxiety), potential intervention targets (dysfunctional parenting practices, parental stress, child disinhibition), and child disruptive behavior were assessed. A hypothetical model based on the literature was tested using mediation and path analysis.Results:Mediation analysis revealed that child disinhibition and dysfunctional parenting practices mediated the association of parent factors and child disruptive behavior. Parents’ executive dysfunction mediated the association of dysfunctional parenting practices, parental stress and parent trait-anxiety. Parenting practices mediated the association of executive dysfunction and child disruptive behavior. Path analysis indices indicated good model adjustment. Comparative and Tucker-Lewis Index were >0.95, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.059, with a chi-square of 0.25.Conclusions:A low level of parental trait-anxiety may be required to reduce dysfunctional parenting practices and child disinhibition. Impairments in child disinhibition can be exacerbated when parents present with high trait-anxiety. Child disinhibition is the major contributor of disruptive behavior reported by parents and teachers. The current study provides evidence of parent anxiety and child disinhibition as possible modifiable intervention targets for reducing child disruptive behavior. (JINS, 2019,25, 237–248)
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Gilbride, Thomas V. "Do Alcoholic Parents Beget Dysfunctional Offspring?" Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 12 (December 1991): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/031259.
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Johnson, Harriette C., David E. Cournoyer, June Fliri, Miriam Flynn, Andrea M. Grant, Maryanne A. Lant, Spero Parasco, and Edward J. Stanek. "Are We Parent-Friendly? Views of Parents of Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 84, no. 1 (January 2003): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.80.
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A current model of family-centered practice emphasizes empowerment of parents, an approach that brings together a strengths perspective, a constructivist emphasis on consumer voices, and knowledge derived from neuroscience of the last two decades. This study explored the extent to which a national random sample of National Association of Social Workers members hold beliefs and attitudes congruent with the parent empowerment perspective. Two profiles emerged from the data. Respondents who disagree with statements attributing blame to parents agree with sharing information openly with parents; believe that parents are doing their best, are credible reporters, and are experts about their own children; agree that workers need research knowledge; and disagree that the child is usually the identified patient in a a dysfunctional family. By contrast, respondents who believe parents cause their children's emotional and behavioral problems disagree with open information sharing; disagree that parents are doing their best or are experts about their own children; agree that the child is an identified patient in a dysfunctional family; and agree that parents' ideas are important mostly to give the worker clues about family dynamics. The majority of the sample reported parent-friendly views, but a substantial minority of respondents reported beliefs antithetical to parent empowerment.
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Rodriguez, Christina M. "Parent–Child Aggression: Association With Child Abuse Potential and Parenting Styles." Violence and Victims 25, no. 6 (December 2010): 728–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.6.728.
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The present investigation predicted that greater use of corporal punishment as well as physical maltreatment would be associated with child abuse potential and selected parenting styles. Three independent studies were examined, two with community samples and a third with a clinical at-risk sample of parents. Parents across all studies anonymously completed the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, the Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scale to assess physical discipline and maltreatment, as well as the Parenting Scale to measure dysfunctional parenting styles. Findings support that overall parent–child aggression, as well as physical maltreatment behaviors specifically, were associated with child abuse potential. Parent–child aggression was also related to dysfunctional parenting styles, particularly an overreactive, authoritarian parenting style. Permissive parenting was also identified as potentially associated with physical maltreatment, although the findings regarding such lax parenting styles are less clear. Intriguing findings emerged regarding the connection of psychological aggression to both child abuse potential and dysfunctional parenting style. Child abuse potential was also associated with dysfunctional parenting style, particularly harsh, overreactive approaches. Recommendations for future study with at-risk samples and additional research on permissive parenting and psychological aggression are discussed.
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Bender, Stacy L., John S. Carlson, Laurie Van Egeren, Holly Brophy-Herb, and Rosalind Kirk. "Parenting Stress as a Mediator between Mental Health Consultation and Children’s Behavior." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 7, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v7n1p72.
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Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation (ECMC) focuses on enhancing adults’ (e.g., parents) skills and abilities in order to improve children’s behavior. Limited research has examined parenting factors as mechanisms of change, which is important given the bidirectional nature of parent-child interactions. Parenting stress and its influence on children’s behavioral outcomes (behavior problems and protective factors) were investigated following the implementation of an Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation (ECMHC) program. Participants included parents that participated in the ECMHC program (n = 247) and a comparison group (n = 72) in the Midwest. Overall, parents in the ECMHC group experienced fewer dysfunctional parent-child interactions and less distress. Results indicated that parent-child dysfunctional interactions mediated the relationship between ECMHC and children’s behavior problems (CI = .001, .038) and protective factors (CI = -.061, -.001). Parental distress did not mediate the relationship between ECMHC and children’s behavior problems (CI = -.001, .016) or protective factors (CI = -.020, .001). Understanding the influence of stress and parent-child interactions is beneficial as these may be malleable and responsive to change if targeted in intervention. Examining mechanisms of change related to parents will allow for refinement of services and improved behavioral outcomes for children.
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Tedgård, Eva, Maria Råstam, and Ingegerd Wirtberg. "An upbringing with substance-abusing parents: Experiences of parentification and dysfunctional communication." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 36, no. 3 (December 20, 2018): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072518814308.
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Aim: To increase understanding of the consequences of growing up with substance-abusing parents, including how this can influence the experience of becoming a parent. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 parents who had participated in an Infant and Toddler Psychiatry Unit intervention programme and who had experienced substance-abusing parents in their family of origin. Directed qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Analysis of the interview material revealed both a high incidence of parentification and a conspiracy of silence concerning the substance abuse that helped generate symptoms of cognitive dissonance in the children. As parents they experience a high degree of inadequacy, incompetence and stress. Conclusion: A majority of the children who had grown up with substance-abusing parents responded by taking a parenting role for themselves, their siblings and their parents. These children, often well-behaved and seemingly competent, need to be identified and offered support as they risk developing significant psychological and emotional difficulties that can extend into adulthood. They form an extra sensitive group who may need special support up to and including the time when they become parents themselves. This finding underlines the importance of further research on parenting among those who have grown up with abusive parents.
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Kindsvatter, Aaron, and Matthew Tansey. "Attachment Disorganization in Childhood." Family Journal 26, no. 2 (April 2018): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480718775738.
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Attachment disorganization is a particularly severe form of attachment insecurity often associated with dysfunctional parent–child relationships. Attachment disorganization has highly variable presentations, often manifesting differently in infancy, early childhood, and in early and late adolescence. This article examines the developmental trajectory of children with attachment disorganization across the life span. The contribution of dysfunctional parenting to the manifestation of attachment disorganization is explored. Clinical methods designed for parents and parent–child dyads are discussed.
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Kulakov, S. S. "Emotionally evaluative attitude of parents in the high conflict families to each other and the child." Psychology and Law 6, no. 4 (2016): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2016060412.
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The increasing number of dysfunctional families causes an increase in the number of civil litigation on the education of the child, where the relationship between the persons are highly conflictual. The actual task is study the one of components in the structure of the psychological relationship - emotional and semantic constructs underlying semantic perception of each other and the child's parents. Examination of 42 testees (parents) from harmonious families and 54 testees (parents) during the forensic psychological and psychiatric examination (regarding the definition of child`s residence or the order of meetings for the child and the parent who don`t live with it) by methods "Geometric test of relations" and "Semantic Differential" showed that in families where is highly conflictual relationship, there is positive assessments of herself and her child, while assessment of the spouse (wife) characterized inversion. This negative attitude toward the spouse (wife) is not the other parent's negative characteristics. It is the ignoring the other parent's positive characteristics. The positive acceptance of all family members was revealed in harmonious families.
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Ruggero, Camilo J., Kathleen M. Bain, Patrick M. Smith, and Jared N. Kilmer. "Dysfunctional Cognitions among Offspring of Individuals with Bipolar Disorder." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 4 (December 13, 2013): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813001057.
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Background: Individuals with bipolar disorder often endorse dysfunctional beliefs consistent with cognitive models of bipolar disorder (Beck, 1976; Mansell, 2007). Aims: The present study sought to assess whether young adult offspring of those with bipolar disorder would also endorse these beliefs, independent of their own mood episode history. Method: Participants (N = 89) were young adult college students with a parent with bipolar disorder (n = 27), major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 30), or no mood disorder (n = 32). Semi-structured interviews of the offspring were used to assess diagnoses. Dysfunctional beliefs related to Beck and colleagues’ (2006) and Mansell's (2007) cognitive models were assessed. Results: Unlike offspring of parents with MDD or no mood disorder, those with a parent with bipolar disorder endorsed significantly more dysfunctional cognitions associated with extreme appraisal of mood states, even after controlling for their own mood diagnosis. Once affected by a bipolar or depressive disorder, offspring endorsed dysfunctional cognitions across measures. Conclusions: Dysfunctional cognitions, particularly those related to appraisals of mood states and their potential consequences, are evident in young adults with a parent who has bipolar disorder and may represent targets for psychotherapeutic intervention.
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Lutsenko, Anna M., and Alla S. Spivakovskaya. "REPRESENTATIONS OF “FAMILY PAIN” BY ADULT CHILDREN OF ALCOHOLICS." Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, no. 2 (2020): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/vsp.2020.02.05.
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Relevance. The term “family pain” is used in family psychotherapy to refer to the emotional state of dysfunctional family members. Research on this phenomenon in dysfunctional alcoholic families can expand the understanding of the family system and allow us to formulate the goals of psychotherapy with such families. Objective. To investigate the “family pain” experienced by adult children of alcoholics. Methods. The sample consisted of 52 people who were in a recovery program for adult children of alcoholics (ACA), and 50 controls. We implemented a phenomenological analysis of ACA groups, a content analysis of images of “family pain”, and factor analysis of the characteristics of “family pain”. Results. The study showed significant differences between the images of “family pain” experienced by adults who were raised and still live in alcoholic families, by those whose parents were alcoholics and had died by the time of the survey, and by those whose parents were not alcoholics. People who live with their alcoholic parents describe “family pain” as a familiar, long process with effects on the whole family. The experience of “family pain” includes anger, shame, and self-pity. People whose parents were alcoholics and have died describe “family pain” as a feeling of guilt towards their parents and a process of experiencing their parents’ death. The control group had difficulty describing “family pain”, or described it as a process of experiencing their parents’ death. Conclusions. Representations of “family pain” are associated with the subjective meaning of family dysfunction for the participant and the experience of negative emotions in the family.
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Sturge-Apple, Melissa L., Zhi Li, Meredith J. Martin, Hannah R. Jones-Gordils, and Patrick T. Davies. "Mothers' and fathers' self-regulation capacity, dysfunctional attributions and hostile parenting during early adolescence: A process-oriented approach." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001694.
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AbstractThe parent-child relationship undergoes substantial reorganization over the transition to adolescence. Navigating this change is a challenge for parents because teens desire more behavioral autonomy as well as input in decision-making processes. Although it has been demonstrated that changes in parental socialization approaches facilitates adolescent adjustment, very little work has been devoted to understanding the underlying mechanisms supporting parents’ abilities to adjust caregiving during this period. Guided by self-regulation models of parenting, the present study examined how parental physiological and cognitive regulatory capacities were associated with hostile and insensitive parent conflict behavior over time. From a process-oriented perspective, we tested the explanatory role of parents’ dysfunctional child-oriented attributions in this association. A sample of 193 fathers, mothers, and their early adolescent (ages 12–14) participated in laboratory-based research assessments spaced approximately 1 year apart. Parental physiological regulation was measured using square root of the mean of successive differences during a conflict task; cognitive regulation was indicated by set-shifting capacity. Results showed that parental difficulties in vagal regulation during parent-adolescent conflict were associated with increased hostile conflict behavior over time; however, greater set-shifting capacity moderated this association for fathers only. In turn, father's dysfunctional attributions regarding adolescent behavior mediated the moderating effect. The results highlight how models of self-regulation and social cognition may explain the determinants of hostile parenting with differential implications for fathers during adolescence.
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Arnáez, Sandra, Gemma García-Soriano, and Amparo Belloch. "Dysfunctional beliefs about health and illness: A family study." Anales de Psicología 35, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.1.317501.
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Cognitive models about hypochondriasis postulate that early experiences with illness can lead individuals to develop dysfunctional beliefs about having an illness. These beliefs can remain in a latent state and be triggered by a critical incident. Published studies have provided data partially supporting these assumptions. Considering that the primary family context shares experiences about illness, we examined the relationships between the dysfunctional beliefs that parents and their offsprings maintain about illness and thoughts, such as intolerance to uncertainty and over-estimation of threat, as well as the relationships between these beliefs with hypochondriacal and depressive symptoms. Forty university students and their parents (27 fathers and 36 mothers) completed self-reports on dysfunctional beliefs about illness, thoughts and symptoms of hypochondriasis and depression. Results indicated that the fathers’ dysfunctional beliefs about illness and overestimation of threat, but not those of mothers, were associated with their sons and daughters beliefs. Likewise, the dysfunctional beliefs of fathers, sons, and daughters were related to symptoms of hypochondriasis and depression.
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Maranto, Robert. "Won't Back Down Misfires on Parent Trigger, but Gets the Politics, Organizations Right." Public Voices 13, no. 1 (November 18, 2016): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.55.
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This essay briefly discusses recent American films about urban public schools, citingresearch to suggest that the genre accurately captures the dysfunctions of many schools as bureaucracies. This sets up a lengthy review of the most talked about education drama of 2012, Won’t Back Down. On its artistic merits, Won’t Back Down is something of an after school special, with great acting wasted in the service of a melodramatic script. The education policy instrument portrayed, the “parent trigger” enabling parents to take over dysfunctional schools, has questionable utility. That said, the movie captures nonresponsive bureaucracies, school boards indifferent to the interests of children, how bureaucrats can make activist parents and teachers pay a heavy price, and the sort of organizing tactics that can outlast the educational establishment. Most notably, the film excels at explaining the tactics and motivations of union leaders and members. In short, while it fails as a work of art, Won’t Back Down works as work of social science, exploring dilemmas of bureaucracy and democracy.
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Van Mechelen, Karen, Ilse Kessels, Annik Simons, and Inge Glazemakers. "Do parents of children with metabolic diseases benefit from the Triple P – Positive Parenting Program? A pilot study." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 31, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 1335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0219.
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Abstract Background Parents of children with metabolic diseases report more parenting stress, anxiety, depression and dysfunctional parenting styles than parents of children without metabolic diseases. In addition, their children have more behavioral problems. Beside the fact that metabolic diseases are rare, they form a relatively large proportion in the morbidity and mortality of chronically ill children. Methods In this pilot study 14 parents of children with metabolic diseases, aged between 2.5 and 13 years, participated in a quasi-experimental pre-post-follow-up study. Results After participating in the Level 4 Group Triple P-program there were small effects in decreasing child behavioral problems and large effects in decreasing dysfunctional parenting styles. There was a moderate to large reduction of parental stress and a large reduction of parental anxiety. Only the effects on the behavioral problems and the parenting style ‘laxness’ were no longer significant at 6 months follow-up. Conclusions In summary it can be said that the existing Triple P-program has good effects, with a great degree of satisfaction, for parents of children with metabolic diseases in reducing dysfunctional parenting styles, parenting stress and behavioral problems of their children. One should not wait for a specialized program to reach these parents, but further research is necessary as a greater effect can be expected when this program is adapted to these parents.
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Almeida, Carolm. "Grief Among Parents of Children With Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 21, no. 6 (December 1995): 530–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179502100606.
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The observation that parents respond with grief when their children are diagnosed with diabetes is supported in the medical literature. Dysfunctional family dynamics that disrupt the process of adapting to a diagnosis of diabetes can be attributed to unresolved grief Group work is advocated as an effective means of promoting healthy familial interactions and adjusting to life with diabetes.
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Chen, Sui-Qing, Shu-Dan Chen, Xing-Kai Li, and Jie Ren. "Mental Health of Parents of Special Needs Children in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 9519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249519.
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We assessed the mental health of parents (N = 1450, Mage = 40.76) of special needs children during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online survey comprising items on demographic data; two self-designed questionnaires (children’s behavioral problems/psychological demand of parents during COVID-19); and four standardized questionnaires, including the General Health Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support, Parenting Stress Index, and Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five Factor Inventory. The results showed that there were significant differences among parents of children with different challenges. Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder were more likely to have mental health problems compared to parents whose children had an intellectual disability or a visual or hearing impairment. Behavioral problems of children and psychological demands of parents were common factors predicting the mental health of all parents. Parent–child dysfunctional interactions and parenting distress were associated with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Family support, having a difficult child, and parenting distress were associated with having children with an intellectual disability. It is necessary to pay attention to the parents’ mental health, provide more social and family support, and reduce parenting pressures.
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Pavuluri, Mani, and Marita Smith. "Principles and Practice of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in Working with Parents of Young Children with Behaviour Disorder." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 21, no. 2 (June 1996): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919602100206.
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This paper describes a pragmatic approach using cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT), aimed to assist professionals who work with young children and their families in the community. The primary emphasis is to strengthen confidence in parenting. Parents often have dysfunctional cognitions leading to unreasonable expectations of themselves or of their child. Restucturing such negative thoughts and attitudes of parents is considered as an essential step, in conjunction with improving parent-child communication and behaviour management of children. Behaviour management has three main components: focussing on the positive behaviour, ignoring negative behaviour if not dangerous, and the use of special time. Positive reinforcement is a key element that runs through all these strategies.
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Sunarsih, Tri, Bhisma Murti, Sapja Anantanyu, and Mahendra Wijaya. "Path Analysis: Health Promotion Information Access of Parent Caretaking Pattern through Parenting Education." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v5i1.4524.
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Parents often inhibit learning process organized by education, due to their ignorance about how to educate child well. Incapability of dealing with those changes leads to dysfunctional families, and problematic children. This research aimed: to analyzed the health promotion information access pattern of parent caretaking pattern through parenting education. This study was taken place in Karanganyar Regency area, Central Java. As a survey research with cross-sectional design, this study built on questionnaire as a main instrument of collecting primary data, while secondary data was obtained from recording in the related institutions in Karanganyar Regency. The sample consisted of 108 parents, taken using purposive sampling technique. To address the objective, multiple linear regression and path analyses were used. Its important finding was that interactions with other students’ parent, with other members of family, and with media simultaneously affected significantly the parenting pattern holistically, either directly or indirectly. The largest effect on parenting was exerted by interaction between parent and media. From those findings, the author recommended that the appropriate parenting education strategies were to provide adequate information such as reading books for parent, to facilitate parent discussion to generate interaction between parents so that they shared information more frequently.
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Johnson, Harriette C., Edwin F. Renaud, Diane T. Schmidt, and Edward J. Stanek. "Social Workers' Views of Parents of Children with Mental and Emotional Disabilities." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 79, no. 2 (April 1998): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.1817.
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In response to concerns expressed by parents of children with emotional and mental disabilities about professionals' attitudes and beliefs, the authors surveyed the views of a sample of clinical social workers. The majority of respondents in a national random sample endorsed statements expressing validating attitudes toward parents, agreement with open information sharing, and agreement with providing specific guidance to parents about how to help their children. However, the views of a substantial minority of social workers were antithetical to a parent-friendly perspective. The most problematic area was the prevalence of parent-blaming beliefs reported by approximately half of the social workers. The view that medication was helpful correlated positively with validating views of parents and correlated negatively with blaming them for their children's problems. The belief that research-based knowledge is important for practice and that medical journals are a good source of information about emotional problems correlated with support for open information sharing and the view that medication was helpful. Seeing a child as the identified patient in a dysfunctional family, perceiving parents' views as useful primarily as clues to family dynamics, and seldom feeling the need to refer to other disciplines, correlated positively with blame, negatively with the use of medication, and negatively with validating attitudes.
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Goodman, Catherine Chase, and Merril Silverstein. "Latina Grandmothers Raising Grandchildren: Acculturation and Psychological Well-Being." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 60, no. 4 (June 2005): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/nq2p-4abr-3u1f-w6g0.
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Grandparent involvement in raising grandchildren has become increasingly prevalent and represents the family's strength for managing crises and transitions. This study examined acculturation, socioeconomic resources, and family factors related to well-being among 357 Latina caregiving grandmothers. Positive affect was related to greater language acculturation and factors suggesting participation in mainstream society—income and health. In contrast, higher life satisfaction and lower negative affect were more evident among the less acculturated. These relationships disappeared with controls, explained by greater social resources among less acculturated grandmothers: more were married and had the parent at home; fewer assumed care because of the parent's substance-related problems. The parent's presence in the household was related to a higher level of grandmother's well-being until more sensitive family factors were considered. Furthermore, raising grandchildren with behavior problems was related to the grandmother's negative affect. Results suggest that professions should target economic needs of new immigrants, as well as assisting with troubled grandchildren and dysfunctional parents.
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Verlaan, Pierrette, and Alex E. Schwartzman. "Mother's and father's parental adjustment: Links to externalising behaviour problems in sons and daughters." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 3 (May 2002): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250042000717.
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This study examined links between parents (189 mothers, 153 fathers) adjustment and children's externalising behaviour problems (97 girls; 92 boys) representative of the general population. Structural equation modelling was used to examine models that included “direct” and “indirect” pathways. Externalising behaviour problems in children were strongly related to parental adjustment difficulties. Maternal antisocial behaviour and marital hostility were linked to sons’ and daughters’ externalising behaviour problems via dysfunctional child-rearing practices. Maternal antisocial behaviour, however, was not fully mediated by dysfunctional parenting. For fathers, the pattern related to externalising problems in sons was as those specified for mothers. The pattern did not appear relevant for daughters. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of adjustment patterns with regard to the sex composition of the parent-child dyads.
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Malagoli Togliati, Marisa, and Lavadera Anna Lubrano. "Il rifiuto e il disagio dei figli nei casi di separazione conflittuale: possibili percorsi evolutivi." MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 3 (September 2009): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2009-003004.
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- The diffusion of marital divorce introduced significant transformations within relationship between parents and children and between co-parents. These evolutions aren't always functional, because sometimes divorce pain cannot be elaborate, and this could generate risk to amplify parenting difficulties. In this work we reviewed the Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) in term of continuity/ disconuity. PAS, sometimes, can be confused with real dysfunctional relationship between refusal parent and child and it doesn't allow an effective intervention. In the second part we focus on the intervention and we discuss the difficulties to integrate "psychical" and "processual" truth, whenever it doesn't use an ethic of relationship.Key words: divorce, PAS, parental refuse, psycho-juridical intervention.Parole chiave: separazione, PAS, rifiuto di un genitore, intervento psicogiuridico
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Whittingham, Koa, Matthew Sanders, Lynne McKinlay, and Roslyn N. Boyd. "Stepping Stones Triple P and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy: Trial Protocol." Brain Impairment 14, no. 2 (August 28, 2013): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2013.19.
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This project aims to optimise outcomes for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their families by testing the efficacy of two complementary interventions novel to the CP population: (1) parenting intervention (Stepping Stones Triple P, SSTP); and (2) parental stress management (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, ACT) tailored for parents of children with CP. The efficacy of SSTP and the additional effects of ACT will be tested in a wait-list randomised controlled trial, with parents of children with CP (N= 110) randomised into three groups; SSTP, SSTP + ACT and wait-list control. Intervention delivery will combine group sessions with phone consultations. Outcomes will be assessed post-intervention with retention of effect examined at 6-month follow-up. Child outcomes will include: externalising behaviour (primary child outcome), functional performance, parent-reported child quality of life; and parent outcomes will include: dysfunctional parenting (primary parent outcome), parental confidence in performing disability-related parenting practices, degree of problems in performing disability-related parenting practices, parental adjustment, psychological flexibility and parental attitude to child emotions. The theoretical background, study design and study procedures are discussed. The validation of a parenting intervention and a parenting stress intervention for parents of children with CP is crucial to better support parents of children with CP in their parenting role and in providing evidence-based intervention for behavioural and emotional problems in children with CP.
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Ferrara, R., and M. Esposito. "Parental stress in autistic parents: The counseling effects." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1504.
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IntroductionIn parents of autistic children there are high levels of stress. For parents, counseling can help them face the world of autism through the many stressors they experiment.ObjectivesTo evidence a possible effect of the counseling intervention on parental stress.MethodsThe sample consisted of 24 parents (mean age = 38.7) of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder related to the treatment centre “Una breccia nel muro”. Parents’ group was randomly divided into two subgroups, the first (EG experimental group) consists in 12 parents, which were included in a counseling treatment of six months (one meeting of 2 hours every 15 days), while the other subgroup parents, (CG control group) were not included. We used parenting stress index–short form (PSI-SF) before counseling intervention (T0) and after (T1) with every parent. PSI values stress level in following scales: parental distress (PD), parent-child dysfunctional interaction (PCDI) and difficult child characteristics (DC). Figure 1 shows all the variables in each group at T0 and T1.ResultsThen a 2-tail t-test was separately carried out for each group (Counseling Yes; Counseling No). Counseling Yes: PD (t22 = .70, P = .49); PCDI (t22 = .72, P = .47); DC (t22 = 2.23, P = .03); Tot Stress (t22 = 1.04, P = .3). Counseling No: PD (t22 = .82, P = .42); PCDI (t22 = 1.7, P = .09); DC (t22 = .59, P = .56); Tot Stress (t22 = .72, P = .48)ConclusionsOur data confirm the positive effects of counseling especially on the difficulties related to children (DC scale).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Sesso, Gianluca, Eleonora Bonaventura, Bianca Buchignani, Stefania Della Vecchia, Caterina Fedi, Marisa Gazzillo, Jessica Micomonaco, et al. "Parental Distress in the Time of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study on Pediatric Patients with Neuropsychiatric Conditions during Lockdown." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 7902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157902.
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The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse psychological effects on children and parents. While parenting is essential for positive development, increased parental distress has interfered with children’s wellbeing. In our study, we aimed to identify the predictors of parental distress in families of children with neuropsychiatric disorders during lockdown. Seventy-seven parents of children with neuropsychiatric disorders were asked to fill three online questionnaires (a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Parental-Stress-Index (PSI-4-SF) to explore the relationship between parental distress, emotional/behavioral problems in children and quarantine-related factors through univariate analyses and multiple mediation models. Significant positive associations between CBCL-internalizing-problems and all PSI-4-SF subscales, and between CBCL-externalizing-problems and “Difficult Child” subscales were found. “Parent–Child Dysfunctional Interaction” subscale and teachers–child relationship quality resulted negatively associated, as well as the “Difficult Child” subscale and peers–child relationship quality. The effect of teachers–child relationship quality on “Parent–Child Dysfunctional Interaction” was mediated by children internalizing problems, while the effect of peers–child relationship quality on “Difficult Child” by the child internalizing/externalizing problems. Internalizing problems in children with neuropsychiatric disorders were among the strongest predictors of parental stress during lockdown, mediating the indirect effects of quarantine-related factors, thus suggesting the importance of their detection during and after emergency situations to provide assistance and reduce parenting pressure.
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Meng, Bo, and Kyuhwan Choi. "Employees’ sabotage formation in upscale hotels based on conservation of resources theory (COR): antecedents and strategies of attachment intervention." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 33, no. 3 (February 3, 2021): 790–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2020-0859.
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Purpose Rooted in conservation of resources (COR) theory (frequently applied to conflict and stress). The purpose of this study is to classify customer stressors into dysfunctional attitude and behavior and proposes strategies, such as parent and colleague attachment, as a resource pool to prevent employees’ sabotage behavior. Design/methodology/approach A two-step method was adopted by the suggestion from Anderson and Gerbing (1998) with an on-site survey carried out within ten upscale hotels. Findings Study results indicated that dysfunctional customers significantly influence service sabotage through job burnout and depression. In addition, attachment was demonstrated as an effective strategy by examining its moderating effects. Research limitations/implications Theoretically, the mechanism of sabotage formation was clarified as external customers’ factors (i.e. dysfunctional attitude and behavior) as well as internal psychological factors (i.e. negative states such as burnout and depression). Practically, the attachment (i.e. colleagues and parents) was identified as an effective moderator for preventing sabotage, although only in the early stage (i.e. depression stage). Originality/value For the first time, the current study attempts to explain the sabotage formation process by using COR with the integration of intervention.
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Otani, Koichi, Akihito Suzuki, Yoshihiko Matsumoto, Ryoichi Sadahiro, and Masanori Enokido. "Affectionless control by the same-sex parents increases dysfunctional attitudes about achievement." Comprehensive Psychiatry 55, no. 6 (August 2014): 1411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.04.003.
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Rodriguez, Christina M., and Meagan C. Tucker. "Behind the Cycle of Violence, Beyond Abuse History: A Brief Report on the Association of Parental Attachment to Physical Child Abuse Potential." Violence and Victims 26, no. 2 (2011): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.2.246.
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Although the concept of a cycle of violence presumes that the transmission of violence is expressed directly across generations, the role of the overall quality of the parent–child relationship may ultimately be more influential in later parenting behavior. This study investigated whether mothers’ poorer attachment to their parents was associated with their current increased child abuse potential and dysfunctional disciplinary style independent of a personal history of child abuse. A sample of 73 at-risk mothers raising children with behavior problems reported on their parental attachment, abuse potential, dysfunctional parenting style, and personal abuse history. An at-risk sample, rather than a sample of identified abuse victims or perpetrators, was studied to better examine the potential continuity or discontinuity from history of abuse to current abuse risk, allowing consideration of those who may break the cycle versus those who potentially initiate abuse in the absence of a personal history. Findings indicate that poor attachment significantly predicted both dysfunctional parenting practices and elevated child abuse potential, controlling for personal child abuse history. Such results highlight the importance of the overall quality of the relationship between the parent and child in potentially shaping future abuse risk. Findings are discussed in terms of continuity or discontinuity in the cycle of violence and future directions for research on attachment in relation to the development of later child abuse risk.
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Safuanov, F. S., and S. S. Kulakov. "Applying Repertory Grids in Complex Psychological and Psychiatric Expertise in Parents' Legal Disputes over Child Rearing." Psychological-Educational Studies 9, no. 2 (2017): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2017090212.
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The growing number of dysfunctional families causes the increasing number of civil litigation on the parenting (upbringing) of the child. In these families the relationship between the partners are high conflict. The actual problem is the study of the emotionalsemantic reactions of wives and husbands on the family traumatic situations. 20 parents of harmonious families and 30 parents of disharmonious families (which are in the process of divorce and determination of the place of residence of the child or the order of meetings of the child with the noncustodial parent) were surveyed by the rank grid test. It is shown that the application of the rank grid test in the study of high conflict and harmonious families allows to identify some features of the relationship of spouses to each other and the parents to the child. The specific of emotional response of adult family members to the traumatic situations associated with the behavior of a marriage partner and child is revealed. Types of the selected response: sthenic, ambivalent and asthenic, the latter two types have their substantial options.
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Hruska, Valerie, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Alison M. Duncan, Jess Haines, and David W. L. Ma. "Associations between Family-Based Stress and Dietary Inflammatory Potential among Families with Preschool-Aged Children." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051464.
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Chronic stress is known to influence dietary choices, and stressed families often report poorer diet quality; however, little is known about how family-based stress is linked with dietary patterns that promote inflammation. This study investigated associations between family-based stress and the inflammatory potential of the diet among preschool-aged children and their parents. Parents (n = 212 mothers, n = 146 fathers) and children (n = 130 girls, n = 123 boys; aged 18 months to 5 years) from 241 families participating in the Guelph Family Health Study were included in the analyses. Parents reported levels of parenting distress, depressive symptoms, household chaos, and family functioning. The inflammatory potential of parents’ and children’s diets was quantified using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), adjusted for total energy intake (i.e., the E-DIITM). E-DII scores were regressed onto family stress using generalized estimating equations to account for shared variance among family clusters. Compared to those in homes with low chaos, parents in chaotic homes had significantly more proinflammatory dietary profiles (β = 0.973; 95% CI: 0.321, 1.624, p = 0.003). Similarly, compared to those in well-functioning families, parents in dysfunctional families had significantly more proinflammatory dietary profiles (β = 0.967; 95% CI: 0.173, 1.761, p = 0.02). No significant associations were found between parents’ E-DII scores and parenting distress or depressive symptoms, nor were any associations found for children’s E-DII scores. Results were not found to differ between males and females. Parents in chaotic or dysfunctional family environments may be at increased risk of chronic disease due to proinflammatory dietary profiles. Children’s dietary inflammatory profiles were not directly associated with family stress; however, indirect connections through family food-related behaviours may exist. Future research should prioritize elucidating these mechanisms.
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Boisclair-Fahey, Anne. "Can Individualized Health Care Plans Help Increase Continence in Children With Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome?" Journal of School Nursing 25, no. 5 (April 2, 2009): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840509332809.
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School-age children with dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES) do not always have school support for their treatment plans, including an every 2-hr voiding schedule. The objective of this study was to increase school support of treatment plans by allowing access to bathrooms, thereby improving continence. An eight-question survey about bathroom access at schools was given to parents at baseline. The author contacted school nurses requesting that treatment plans be incorporated into individual health plans (IHPs) with teacher support of the IHP. Six weeks later, school nurses were contacted and parents completed a postintervention survey to determine whether IHPs were supported by teachers. Voiding diaries were used to document continence. Seventeen parents completed the survey at baseline, and 13 children were enrolled in the intervention. After the intervention, 100% of the children had IHPs and teacher support of treatment plans. Ninety-two percent had increased continence. IHPs improved teacher support of children’s treatment plans and improved their continence.
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Schoemaker, Nikita K., Wilma G. M. Wentholt, Anouk Goemans, Harriet J. Vermeer, Femmie Juffer, and Lenneke R. A. Alink. "A meta-analytic review of parenting interventions in foster care and adoption." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 1149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000798.
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AbstractFoster and adoptive parents often face challenges while taking care of children who, due to their adverse early life experiences, are at risk of developing insecure attachment relationships, behavior problems, and stress dysregulation. Several intervention programs have been developed to help foster and adoptive parents to overcome these challenges. In the current study, a series of eight meta-analyses were performed to examine the effectiveness of these intervention programs on four parent outcomes (sensitive parenting, k = 11, N = 684; dysfunctional discipline, k = 4, N = 239; parenting knowledge and attitudes, k = 7, N = 535; parenting stress, k = 18, N = 1,306), three child outcomes (attachment security, k = 6, N = 395; behavior problems, k = 33, N = 2,661; diurnal cortisol levels, k = 3, N = 261), and placement disruption (k = 7, N = 1,100). Results show positive effects for the four parent outcomes and child behavior problems, but not for attachment security, child diurnal cortisol levels, or placement disruption. Indirect effects on child outcomes may be delayed, and therefore long-term follow-up studies are needed to examine the effects of parenting interventions on children.
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Kavaliotis, Paschalis. "Resilience of Parents with a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Factors for Its Potential Enhancement: Family Income and Educational Level." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 7, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v7n1p188.
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Autism is linked to bodily and psychological challenges for the parents who raise autistic children, it creates increased stress levels and reduced resilience because of these factors. However, many parents face the additional problem of the weakness to cope with the expenses of each therapeutic intervention, whereas often they are not adequately educated so as to be able to manage properly the information about the treatment of autism and maybe also its intake as a compulsory condition for the family environment. The writer explored the effect of family income and the parents’ educational level on the reduction of resilience through a quantitative research based on a population sample that consisted of the parents of 312 autistic children in Greece, all of them couples, namely 624 men and women, divided in equal numbers. The important impact of the annual family income on the shaping of the levels of the characteristics under study is confirmed, as the result that was drawn is that the level of financial strength is positively connected to the social support the parents receive and the resilience they develop. Likewise, the level of education is linked to social support. The social support increases when the educational level is higher, on the contrary, the opposite goes for the levels of the total stress, parental distress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction, difficulty of child, which the lower educational level increases.
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Setterberg, S. E., E. Nissen, W. Jonas, and M. Niemi. "Perinatal Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Effects of a MBCP Intervention on Mother-infant Interaction." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S30—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.149.
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IntroductionTransition into parenthood is a demanding phase in life and exposes the becoming parents to vulnerability for depression, anxiety and stress. Perinatal mental health problems are a major public health issue and many women suffering from depression during their first year after delivery. High levels of stress during pregnancy are associated with adverse psychological and physiological outcomes for the infant and parents. There seems to be an intergenerational transmission of mental health from parent to infant. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention during pregnancy in reducing depression symptoms, anxiety and perceived stress in parents-to-be.ObjectivesAssess whether the mindfulness will improve interaction between mother-infant at 12 months.MethodsPerceived stress scale and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale used to measure stress and depression during pregnancy. Parent child early relational assessment assessed mother-infant interaction.ResultsInhibited parent-infant relationships were more common in the control group comparing to the mindfulness intervention group. This is in line with previous research on periantal depression, anxiety, and stress, showing more dysfunctional dyads. A depressed mother has reduced capability to be alert to her baby's signals, which is necessary for appropriate parent-infant relationship to occur. The cumulative effect of impaired parent-infant relationship is a “depressed dyad” of mother and infant.ConclusionMindfulness intervention reduced depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress in pregnant women. At 12 months mother-infant relationship assessment, the mindfulness intervention group dyads showed a more attuned mother-infant interaction.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ferreira, Guilherme S., Carolina RL Moreira, Ana Kleinman, Edmir CGP Nader, Bernardo Carramão Gomes, Ana Maria A. Teixeira, Cristiana C. Almeida Rocca, et al. "Dysfunctional family environment in affected versus unaffected offspring of parents with bipolar disorder." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 47, no. 11 (October 9, 2013): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867413506754.
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Otis, Melanie D., and William F. Skinner. "An Exploratory Study of Differences in Views of Factors Affecting Sexual Orientation for a Sample of Lesbians and Gay Men." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1173-1179.
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An exploratory study of lesbians (70) and gay men (118) from a rural state in the mid-South was conducted using a self-administered, mail-out survey. The nonrandom sample was drawn from organizational mailing lists, snowball sampling, and a convenience sample at a community event. Respondents were asked to indicate the extent to which each of the following affected sexual orientation: genetics, relationship between parents, relationship with parents, birth order, peers, growing up in a dysfunctional family, growing up in a single-parent family, negative experiences with the opposite sex, and positive experiences with the same sex. Similar to studies of heterosexual men and women, these gay men were more likely to view sexual orientation as a result of genetics than the lesbian respondents. Further, the lesbian group were more likely to view positive relationships with the same sex to have a great influence on sexual orientation. These data indicate there are sex differences in views on factors that affect sexual orientation.
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Pope, Alice W., Karen Tillman, and Heather T. Snyder. "Parenting Stress in Infancy and Psychosocial Adjustment in Toddlerhood: A Longitudinal Study of Children with Craniofacial Anomalies." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 5 (September 2005): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/04-066r.1.
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Objective To evaluate the association between parenting stress during infancy and child psychosocial adjustment during toddlerhood, within a sample of children with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs). Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Urban medical center department of reconstructive plastic surgery. Participants Parents of 47 children aged birth to 24 months at time 1 and 24 to 46 months at time 2. Main Outcome Measures Parenting Stress Index/Short Form completed at times 1 and 2; Child Behavior Checklist completed at time 2. Results Relative to norms, more parents of children with CFAs experienced serious levels of parenting stress at times 1 and 2; however, fewer children with CFAs experienced serious levels of adjustment problems. Parenting stress during infancy predicted psychosocial adjustment in toddlerhood but was mediated by parenting stress in toddlerhood. Parents high on stress at both assessments showed clinical levels of total parenting stress and parent-child dysfunctional interaction when their children were infants; their toddlers showed higher levels of maladjustment than those with parents elevated on parenting stress during only infancy. Conclusions Elevated levels of parenting stress during infancy may be stable through toddlerhood for families having a child with a CFA. The relation between parenting stress and child adjustment is likely to be reciprocal. These findings should be replicated with a larger sample and multiple informants.
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Avnir, Yeudit, and Ron Shor. "A Systematic Qualitative Evaluation of Levels of Differentiation in Families with Children at Risk." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 79, no. 5 (October 1998): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.717.
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To increase the understanding of the dynamics within the parent-child relationship in families with children at risk the concept of differentiation was operationalized and applied to this population. The focus of this paper is on presenting the systemic qualitative framework assessing level of differentiation in parent-child relationships and illustrating how it can be applied within the context of social welfare services to assess changes in the parent level of differentiation and thus their approach to their children. The method was developed to evaluate change in parents' approach to their children resulting from a short term therapeutic group program aimed to treat parents whose child rearing practice are dysfunctional. Pre and post-treatment interviews were conducted with those participating in the program and examples were selected from their descriptions to illuminate application of the framework to content analysis of actual case studies. The results of this analysis indicated that this multidimensional operationalization of the concept of differentiation could provide a concrete and specific method for examining the ongoing daily events and problems in parent-child relationships on one hand and for capturing the complex issues in parent-child dynamics on the other. This method was found to be an accessible nonintrusive tool which researchers and practitioners could use for evaluating practices with families and children at risk.
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Fabián, Petr. "Ochrona dzieci – praktyczne doświadczenia ze wsparciem dla rodzin dysfunkcyjnych w Czechach." Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe 31, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/h.2020.3.5.
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This article is about supporting dysfunctional families, in which children are neglected and parents do not fulfill their parental responsibilities. The whole article is based on the practice of children’s centers, which is based on the principles and processes of deinstitutionalisation in the implementation of social and legal protection of children.
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Valls-Vidal, Clara, Carles Pérez-Testor, Joan Guàrdia-Olmos, and Raffaella Iafrate. "A Battery for the Assessment of Young Spanish Adults." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 28, no. 4 (January 1, 2012): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000107.
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In Spanish families, parent-child relationships play a crucial role, but they also present specific risks for the children’s transition to adulthood which may hinder their individuation and foster the creation of dysfunctional family patterns in their family of origin. In Spain there is a lack of instruments to assess parent-child relationships in these terms. The present study examines the psychometric properties of a battery to assess individuation with mother, individuation with father, and the existence of dysfunctional family patterns (DFP) in 535 young Spanish adults (20–31 years). Items from the Munich Individuation Test of Adolescence ( Walper, 1998 ), the Network of Relationships Inventory ( Furman & Buhrmester, 1985 ), the Filial Responsibility Scale ( Jurkovic & Thirkield, 1999 ), and the Feeling Caught Between Parents and Parental Pressure scales ( Walper & Schwarz, 2001 ) have been used. The initial structure obtained through exploratory factor analysis underwent a confirmatory factor analysis. The results hint at a model adjusted to the data which guarantees the construct validity of the proposed structure. Internal consistencies for scales and subscales were acceptable to excellent, with α ranging from .62 to .91. Different indices of concurrent validity were also analyzed. The results generally support the reliability and validity of the new instrument. Limitations are discussed.
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Pearson, R. M., A. Campbell, L. M. Howard, M. H. Bornstein, H. O'Mahen, B. Mars, and P. Moran. "Impact of dysfunctional maternal personality traits on risk of offspring depression, anxiety and self-harm at age 18 years: a population-based longitudinal study." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 1 (June 6, 2017): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717001246.
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BackgroundThe impact of underlying parental psychological vulnerability on the future mental health of offspring is not fully understood. Using a prospective cohort design, we investigated the association between dysfunctional parental personality traits and risks of offspring self-harm, depression and anxiety.MethodsThe association between dysfunctional parental personality traits (monotony avoidance, impulsivity, anger, suspicion, and detachment), measured in both mothers and fathers when offspring were age 9 years, and risk of offspring depression, anxiety and self-harm at age 18 years, was investigated in a population-based cohort (ALSPAC) from over 8000 parents and children.ResultsHigher levels of dysfunctional maternal, but not paternal, personality traits were associated with an increased risk of self-harm, depression, and anxiety in offspring. Maternal associations were best explained by the accumulation of dysfunctional traits. Associations were strongest for offspring depression: Offspring of mothers with three or more dysfunctional personality traits were 2.27 (1.45–3.54, p < 0.001) times as likely to be depressed, compared with offspring of mothers with no dysfunctional personality traits, independently of maternal depression and other variables.ConclusionsThe accumulation of dysfunctional maternal personality traits is associated with the risk of self-harm, depression, anxiety in offspring independently of maternal depression and other confounding variables. The absence of associations for equivalent paternal traits makes a genetic explanation for the findings unlikely. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Mothers with high levels of dysfunctional personality traits may benefit from additional support to reduce the risk of adverse psychological outcomes occurring in their offspring.
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Bass, Barry A., and Marc David Levant. "Family Perception of Rapists and Pedophiles." Psychological Reports 71, no. 1 (August 1992): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.1.211.
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Previous research indicates that sex offenders were more likely to have been reared in dysfunctional families and to have identified less with their parents than were individuals in most comparison groups. It is unclear whether such failure to identify may be related to the perceived parenting styles and attitudes of the sex offenders' parents. 16 rapists, 18 pedophiles, 9 general offenders, and 11 college students completed the Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory to assess perceived parental communication patterns and attitudes. It was predicted that rapists and pedophiles would perceive their parents as (1) having been more rejecting, (2) as having exerted more control while encouraging less autonomy, and (3) as having provided harsher discipline than would individuals in comparison groups. Results supported the first two predictions.
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Ventegodt, Søren, Mohammed Morad, Gideon Vardi, and Joav Merrick. "Clinical Holistic Medicine: Holistic Treatment of Children." Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.116.
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We believe a holistic approach to problems in childhood and adolescence will benefit the child, adolescent, and the whole family. As a rule, children have far less to say in the family than their parents. Therefore, it is the parents who set the agenda and decide how things are done at home and in relation to the child. Most often, it is also the parents who have a problem when the child is not thriving. The child thus acts as the thermometer of the family. When children are not feeling well or are sick, the parents are not doing well either. Most problems arising from dysfunctional patterns are almost impossible for the parents to solve on their own, but with help and support from the holistically oriented physician, we believe that many problems can be discovered and solved. Not only can health problems be addressed, but also problems of poor thriving in the family in general. With the physician in the role of a coach, the family can be provided with relevant exercises that will change the patterns of dysfunction. Consciousness-based medicine also seems to be efficient with children and adolescents, who are much more sensitive to the psychosocial dimensions than adults. Five needs seem to be essential for the thriving and health of the child: attention, respect, love, acceptance (touch), and acknowledgment. The physician should be able to see if the child lacks fulfillment in one or more of these needs, and he can then demonstrate to the parents how these needs should be handled. This should be followed by simple instructions and exercises for the parents in the spirit of coaching. This approach is especially relevant when the child is chronically ill.
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Spivakovskaya, Alla S., and Anna M. Lutsenko. "Resource Factors Allowing People with Alcohol-addicted Parents to Overcome Their Negative Emotions: A Latent Variable Model and Content Analysis." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 14, no. 2 (2021): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2021.0203.
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Background. People with alcohol-addicted parents are at risk of psychoactive addictions, co-dependency, and suicidal behavior. Most studies of these people are aimed at confirming the inevitability of the impact of negative childhood experiences on their lives, and thus do not seek to identify resource factors which would allow them to overcome the negative emotions they experienced. Objective. The purpose of this study was to create a model of resource factors which would allow people with alcohol-addicted parents to overcome the negative emotions they experienced. Design. The participants were 58 healthy individuals (17 men and 41 women; M=25.2; SD=4.4) whose parents were alcohol addicts (they were participants in the 12-step recovery program "Adult Children of Alcoholics"), and 50 healthy individuals (15 men and 35 women, M=24.2; SD=3.7) whose parents were not alcohol addicts. The participants completed the questionnaires "Interpersonal Guilt," "Family Emotional Communication," and "Coping Strategies," and were interviewed on the resource factors which allowed them to overcome negative emotions. We used the content analysis of the interviews and latent variable modeling to analyze the questionnaires. Results. The model of resource factors (CFI=0.895, RMSEA=0.064) showed that the rules set by the parental dysfunctional family (the taboo on the expressing emotions, and external well-being) were associated with being unable to recognize current negative emotions and with avoiding problems. The ability to recognize negative emotions was connected with the participant’s willingness to accept responsibility for his/her life. The resource factors which allowed these subjects to overcome their negative emotions included: communication with relatives and friends; keeping a diary of emotions; and participating in recovery programs. Conclusion. Our model of resource factors explains the mechanism connecting dysfunctional family rules with the resource factors and negative emotions experienced by people with alcohol-addicted parents.
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Sumargi, Agnes, Kate Sofronoff, and Alina Morawska. "Evaluation of a Brief Format of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A Pilot Study With Indonesian Parents Residing in Australia." Behaviour Change 31, no. 2 (May 21, 2014): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2014.7.
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Dissemination of evidence-based parenting programs in developing countries is warranted, but prior to dissemination, the cultural appropriateness of programs needs to be assessed. This study provides an evaluation of the level of acceptability among Indonesian parents and the efficacy of a brief parenting program, the Triple P-Positive Parenting seminar. Thirty Indonesian parents of children aged 2–12 years old residing in Australia participated in the study. A 90-minute Triple P seminar with minimal changes in the format was delivered to parents in Indonesian. Parents reported a high level of acceptability and satisfaction with the program content. The efficacy of the program was also explored. Parents reported less frequent use of dysfunctional parenting practices, particularly permissive parenting style, and reduction in the intensity of child emotional and behavioural problems 3 weeks after the seminar. The effect was maintained at 3-month follow up. The results suggest that the Triple P seminar is acceptable and useful for Indonesian parents. Substantial changes in the content of the parenting program may not be necessary. Translated materials, culturally relevant examples and opportunity for questions appeared sufficient for parents. Future studies are required, including randomised controlled trials and larger sample sizes.
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Leung, Cynthia, Stanley Chan, H. L. Ip, Heidi Szeto, Miki Lee, Kama Chan, and Marco Chan. "Effectiveness of Parenting Program for Macau Shift Work Parents: Randomized Controlled Trial." Research on Social Work Practice 30, no. 6 (February 13, 2020): 612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731520903429.
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Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Happy Parenting: Round-the-Clock Parenting (HPRCP) program for Macau parents on shift work, using randomized controlled trial design. Methods: The participants included 154 parents on shift work who were randomized into the intervention ( n = 78) and waitlist control ( n = 76) groups. Participants were requested to complete a set of questionnaires on their children’s behavior, their own parenting stress, parenting practices, and emotion-focused parenting style both before and after the completion of the program by the intervention group. Results: Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The results indicated significant reduction in child behavior problems, parenting stress, and dysfunctional parenting practices in the intervention group after intervention. Conclusions: The results provided promising evidence on the effectiveness of the HPRCP program for parents on shift work.
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Hastie, Jan Louise, and Christine Stephens. "Vicarious Futurity: Parents' Perspectives on Locating Strengths in Adolescents with Autism." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 31, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol31iss1id505.
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INTRODUCTION: Parents’ perspectives of strengths in adolescents with autism is the focus of this research. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have some of the best outcomes for cognition, communication and social development when they begin intensive treatment during early childhood. Most research in ASD has focussed on this part of the lifespan. This has tended to ignore the need for research that covers the whole lifespan including adolescence and adulthood, where extremely poor outcomes often emerge. Furthermore, from a reductionist bio-medical view of ASD, research into adolescence and adulthood has highlighted the maladaptive and pathological behaviour of people with ASD. METHODS: This qualitative study provides a space for parents to identify the strengths of adolescents, aged from 13–19 years, with ASD. Parents with the experience of raising an adolescent with ASD were asked to take or gather five photographs that displayed the strengths of the adolescent. Data were generated through the discussion of the photographs between the parent(s) or primary caregivers of the adolescent and the researcher. Eight families, with nine adolescents were recruited for the research and 10 parents were interviewed. FINDINGS: The results of the research suggest that parents could identify strengths in adolescents with ASD and that these strengths were evaluated relative to diagnostic features of ASD or as supportive of daily family functioning. Furthermore, identifying adolescent strengths supported the parents’ hopes for the future, described as “vicarious futurity.”CONCLUSION: This perspective poses a challenge to the common assumptions that ASD is associated with dysfunctional family life dominated by poor parental mental health, caregiver burden and research that objectifies those with ASD as being challenging. Identifying strengths points to more opportunities for success for an adolescent with ASD.
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Brisini, Kellie St Cyr, and Denise Haunani Solomon. "Distinguishing relational turbulence, marital satisfaction, and parenting stress as predictors of ineffective Arguing among parents of children with autism." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520958197.
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Relational turbulence theory suggests that relational turbulence causes pervasive patterns of dysfunctional communication in romantic relationships, such as an inability to resolve conflicts. Other research traditions link marital conflict to marital satisfaction and also exposure to stress. This study assesses the discriminant validity of relational turbulence by examining its association with reports of ineffective arguing, above and beyond the associations with marital satisfaction and parenting stress. The study tests the theoretical claims within the high stress context of parents raising children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Married, parents of children with ASD ( N = 298) completed measures of parenting stress specific to raising a child with ASD, marital satisfaction, relational turbulence, and ineffective arguing. Results provide evidence that relational turbulence is associated with perceptions of less effective arguing among these parents above and beyond the influence of parenting stress and marital satisfaction. Finally, implications for marriages, for parents of children with ASD, and for relational turbulence theory are discussed.
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de Maat, Donna A., Pauline W. Jansen, Peter Prinzie, Renske Keizer, Ingmar H. A. Franken, and Nicole Lucassen. "Examining Longitudinal Relations Between Mothers’ and Fathers’ Parenting Stress, Parenting Behaviors, and Adolescents’ Behavior Problems." Journal of Child and Family Studies 30, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 771–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01885-0.
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AbstractParenting stress of mothers has frequently been linked to negative child outcomes. According to Abidin’s stress model, this relationship may be explained by dysfunctional parenting behaviors. In this study, we scrutinized the effects of both mothers and fathers in the pathway from parenting stress through parenting behaviors to subsequent adolescent behavior problems. We expected the association between parenting stress and adolescent behavior problems to be partially mediated by maternal and paternal parenting behaviors. Further, we expected crossover effects, i.e., that parenting stress of one parent was related to the parenting behavior of the other parent. We applied a 3-wave longitudinal design using data from 441 adolescents (52% girls) and their parents (419 fathers; 436 mothers). Parents reported on parenting stress (adolescent age range = 10.9–16.3 years). Adolescents reported on perceived parental overreactivity and warmth (age range = 12.9–18.3) and their own internalizing and externalizing problems (age range = 15.9–21.3). Despite cross-sectional significant associations between parenting stress, parenting behavior, and adolescent behavior problems, we found no evidence of longitudinal linkages. One exception was maternal parenting stress, which positively predicted later adolescent externalizing problems. Consequently, the mediating role of parenting behaviors was not supported. We found no crossover effects in the pathway from parenting stress to parenting behaviors. The discrepancies between our longitudinal and cross-sectional findings raise questions about the actual impact that parents have on their children’s outcome. Though, targeting mothers’ parenting stress may help to reduce adolescent externalizing problems and its ramifications at least to some extent.
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Di Riso, Daniela, Giulia Bassi, Elisa Mancinelli, Silvana Zaffani, Silvia Salcuni, and Claudio Maffeis. "Mothers and Fathers Parenting Stress and Their Perception of Children’s Psychosocial Functioning in Paediatric Diabetes: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 4734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134734.
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(1) Background: In the context of a child with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), the rearrangement of the family’s lifestyle can account for an increased risk of experiencing psychosocial problems for both child and parents. Those few studies on pediatric diabetes, which focused on parents’ perception of children’s psychological strengths and weaknesses, reported significantly higher rates of children’s emotional and conduct problems associated with an imbalance in the Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The main aim of this paper was to assess the role of parental perception of children’s psychosocial symptoms as a mediator of the perceived parenting stress, considering mother and father separately. (2) Methods: The study involved 12 parent couples (Mothers Mage = 40.25, SD = 6.58; Fathers Mage = 42.5, SD = 6.38) of children with T1DM aged between 7 and 11 years (Mage = 8.8, SD = 0.996). Parents completed questionnaires such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents and their perspective of their child, and the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form. (3) Results: Mothers and fathers had significant differences in the perception of their child’s internalizing symptoms. Specifically, mothers present a greater perception of the mentioned symptoms compared to fathers. Mediation models showed that only for fathers’ perception of the child conduct problems has a significant role between the fathers’ perception of dysfunctional interaction with the child and the HbA1c. (4) Conclusions: The current study provides useful evidence also for clinical settings, suggesting that an interesting interplay between parenting stress, perception of children’s symptoms and glucometabolic control should be taken into consideration.