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Journal articles on the topic 'Dyspnoi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 22 June 2025

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1

Karaman, Ivo M. "Nemaspela ladae sp. n., a new troglobitic nemastomatid (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae) from a Dinaric cave." Zootaxa 3694, no. 3 (2013): 240–48. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3694.3.4.

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2

Luque, Carlos G., and Lucia Labrada. "A new cave-dwelling endemic Ischyropsalis C. L. Koch, 1839 (Opiliones: Dyspnoi: Ischyropsalididae) from the karstic region of Cantabria (Spain)." Zootaxa 3506 (December 31, 2012): 26–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.211031.

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Luque, Carlos G., Labrada, Lucia (2012): A new cave-dwelling endemic Ischyropsalis C. L. Koch, 1839 (Opiliones: Dyspnoi: Ischyropsalididae) from the karstic region of Cantabria (Spain). Zootaxa 3506: 26-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211031

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3

Dunlop, J. A. "Baltic amber harvestman types (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi and Dyspnoi)." Fossil Record 9, no. 2 (2006): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200600006.

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Abstract. Baltic amber eupnoid and dyspnoid types (Arachnida: Opiliones) in the Berendt collection are redescribed from their repository in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Type specimens of Caddo dentipalpis (Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854), Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854), Nemastoma (?) incertum Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854, Mitostoma (?) denticulatum (Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854) and Histricostoma (?) tuberculatum (Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854) are all redescribed and the first photographs and camera lucida drawings of this material are presented. N. (?) incertum is removed from synonymy with M. (?) denticulatum. The status of the other Baltic amber harvestman types and their affinities are discussed. The type of Sabacon bachofeni Roewer, 1939 (= S. claviger (Menge, 1854)) held in the Bavarian State collection, Munich is also redescribed here, but the repository of three other Roewer harvestman types and all of Menge’s types remains uncertain. The problematic Cheiromachus coriaceus Menge, 1854 is considered a nomen dubium, as is Phalangium succineum Presl, 1822, which may not even be a harvestman. Typenmaterial der Weberknecht-Gruppen Eupnoi und Dyspnoi (Arachnida: Opiliones) vom Baltischen Bernstein aus der Berendt-Sammlung des Museums für Naturkunde Berlin wurde bearbeitet. Dabei wurde das Typusmaterial von Caddo dentipalpis (Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854), Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854), Nemastoma (?) incertum Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854, Mitostoma (?) denticulatum (Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854) und Histricostoma (?) tuberculatum (Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854) revidiert und die ersten Fotografien und camera lucida-Zeichnungen dieses Materials hergestellt. N. (?) incertum wurde aus der Synonymie von M. (?) denticulatum herausgenommen. Der Status der anderen Weberknecht Typen aus dem Baltischen Bernstein und ihre Stellung werden diskutiert. Sabacon bachofeni Roewer, 1939 (= S. claviger (Menge, 1854)) wird anhand des Holotypus aus der Bayerischen Staatssammlung München wiederbeschrieben. Der Aufbewahrungsort dreier weiterer Weberknecht-Typen von Roewer und sämtlicher Typen von Menge bleibt weiterhin unklar. Der problematische Cheiromachus coriaceus Menge, 1854 wird als nomen dubium interpretiert; gleiches gilt fürPhalangium succineum Presl, 1822, welcher vielleicht gar kein Weberknecht ist. doi:10.1002/mmng.200600006

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4

BARTEL, CHRISTIAN, and JASON A. DUNLOP. "First eupnoid harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, with notes on sexual dimorphism in Halitherses grimaldii (Arachnida: Opiliones: Dyspnoi)." Palaeoentomology 6, no. 3 (2023): 278–91. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11.

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BARTEL, CHRISTIAN, DUNLOP, JASON A. (2023): First eupnoid harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, with notes on sexual dimorphism in Halitherses grimaldii (Arachnida: Opiliones: Dyspnoi). Palaeoentomology 6 (3): 278-291, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11

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5

Giribet, Gonzalo, and Jason A. Dunlop. "First identifiable Mesozoic harvestman (Opiliones: Dyspnoi) from Cretaceous Burmese amber." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1567 (2005): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3063.

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6

Šestáková, Anna, Anna Šestáková, and Ivan Mihál. "Carinostoma elegans new to the Slovakian harvestmen fauna (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae)." Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48 (December 23, 2014): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5431/aramit4804.

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7

Schaider, Miriam, Christian Komposch, Edith Stabentheiner, and Günther Raspotnig. "Functional anatomy of scent glands in Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae)." Journal of Morphology 272, no. 10 (2011): 1182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10973.

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8

Raspotnig, Günther. "Scent gland chemistry and chemosystematics in harvestmen." Biologia Serbica 34, no. 1-2 (2012): 5–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.45020.

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Summary. This review focuses on advances in opilionid scent gland research between the years 2005 and 2012, along with an evaluation of all currently available chemical information from different groups of Opiliones from a phylogenetic perspective. To date, examples of scent gland secretions from all four suborders of Opiliones have been published, including: 4 species of Cyphophthalmi, 12 species of Eupnoi, 1 species of Dyspnoi, 4 species of insidiatorean Laniatores, and 42 species of grassatorean Laniatores. In addition, preliminary data are given for another 20 species (mainly Insidiatores and Eupnoi). From all species, more than 70 scent gland-derived components from different chemical classes have so far been identified. Secretion profiles appear to be highly specific, and well-suited for both the characterization of phyletic groups as well as for the distinction of closely related species. Secretions may contain more than 20 components (<em>e.g.</em> Cyphopththalmi), or consist of only a few, or even a single compound (<em>e.g. </em>some Insidiatores and early-derivative Grassatores). With respect to gross systematics, the suborders of Opiliones can be chemically characterized as follows: naphthoquinones and acyclic compounds (mainly ketones) appear to be widespread in the secretions of a proposed clade of Cyphophthalmi + Palpatores (Eupnoi, Dyspnoi). For this clade, naphthoquinones are considered synapomorphic, since they have not been detected in the laniatores. Although the phyletic status of acyclic compounds in cyphophthalmid and palpatorean secretions remains unclear, these acycles may also have a common origin. A sub-class of these acycles, the so-called “sclerosomatid compounds”, may represent a chemical synapomorphy of the monophyletic Palpatores. Deep chemical divergence is evident in secretions from the Laniatores, along with a split of laniatorean secretions into at least two chemically distinct groups: travunioid Insidiatores mainly produce an array of nitrogen-containing compounds, whereas phenol- and benzoquinone-rich secretions are characteristic of grassatorean Laniatores. However, a link between the chemistry of laniatoreans and the secretions of Cyphophthalmi-Palpatores is still missing.

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9

Dunlop, Jason A., Lyall I. Anderson, Hans Kerp, and Hagen Hass. "A harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the Early Devonian Rhynie cherts, Aberdeenshire, Scotland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94, no. 4 (2003): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300000730.

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ABSTRACTA harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) is described from the Early Devonian (Pragian) Rhynie cherts, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Eophalangium sheari gen. et sp. nov. is the oldest known harvestman. The material includes both males and a female preserving, respectively, a cuticle-lined penis and ovipositor within the opisthosoma. Both these structures are of essentially modern appearance. The Rhynie fossils also show tracheae which are, again, very similar to those of living harvestmen. This is the oldest unequivocal record of arachnid tracheal respiration and indicates that E. sheari was terrestrial. An annulate, setose ovipositor in the female suggests that it can be excluded from the clades Dyspnoi and Laniatores, in which the ovipositor lacks such annulations. However, the penis shows evidence of two muscles, a feature of uncertain polarity seen in modern Troguloidea (Dyspnoi). The presence of median eyes and long legs excludes Cyphophthalmi, and thus, E. sheari is tentatively referred to the suborder Eupnoi. Therefore, this remarkable material is implicitly a crown-group harvestman and is one of the oldest known crown-group chelicerates. It also suggests an extraordinary degree of morphological stasis within the eupnoid line, with the Devonian forms differing little in gross morphology – and perhaps in reproductive behaviour – from their modern counterp

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10

SCHÖNHOFER, AXEL L. "A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sørensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones)." Zootaxa 3679, no. 1 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3679.1.1.

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11

CRUZ-LÓPEZ, JESÚS A. "A second species of the genus Martensolasma (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae) from Mexico." Zootaxa 4338, no. 3 (2017): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.7.

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A second species of the previously monotypic genus Martensolasma Shear, 2006 is described: Martensolasma catrina sp. n., based on specimens collected in Metztitlán, Hidalgo, Mexico. The taxonomy the genus is briefly discussed.

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12

Giribet, G., R. Fernández, and SL Boyer. "On four poorly known harvestmen from New Zealand (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Eupnoi: Dyspnoi: Laniatores)." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 41, no. 4 (2014): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2014.930054.

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13

ZHAO, LI KUN, JOCHEN MARTENS, and CHAO ZHANG. "Two new species of Sabacon Simon, 1879 (Opiliones: Dyspnoi: Sabaconidae) from Yunnan Province, China." Zootaxa 4379, no. 2 (2018): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4379.2.3.

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Two new species of the harvestman genus Sabacon Simon, 1879 are recorded from Yunnan Province, southern China, Sabacon monacanthus sp. n. (male and female; relationships unclear) and S. suzukii sp. n. (male and female; closely related to S. kangding Martens, 2015 from Sichuan Province, southwestern China).

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14

Joanna, Kocot-Zalewska, and Rozwałka Robert. "Ischyropsalis hellwigii hellwigii (Opiliones) w Jaskini Niedźwiedziej Górnej na Wyżynie Częstochowskiej." Acta entomologica silesiana 26, online041 (2018): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1480678.

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<em>Ischyropsalis hellwigii hellwigii</em> in Niedźwiedzia Górna Cave on Częstochowa Upland. <em>Ischyropsalis hellwigii hellwigii </em>is a harvestman belonging to the suborder Dyspnoi. It is a rare species in Poland, known from the Sudety Mountains and one single emplacement in Ojców National Park situated on the southern part of Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. In 2012, in the northern part of Kraków-Częstochowa Upland near Złoty Potok, a new cave - Niedźwiedzia Górna - was discovered. During the research lead in this cave, one juvenile specimen was caught alive in a Barber’s trap in the first part of the cave. It is a new, isolated emplacement of this species in Poland and one of the most northerly point occurrences in Europe.

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15

Schönhofer, Axel L., Cristiano Vernesi, Jochen Martens, and Marshal Hedin. "Molecular phylogeny, biogeographic history, and evolution of cave-dwelling taxa in the European harvestman genusIschyropsalis(Opiliones: Dyspnoi)." Journal of Arachnology 43, no. 1 (2015): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/h14-39.1.

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16

Schönhofer, Axel L., Ivo M. Karaman, and Jochen Martens. "Revision of the genusTrogulus Latreille: the morphologically divergentTrogulus torosusspecies-group of the Balkan Peninsula (Opiliones: Dyspnoi: Trogulidae)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167, no. 3 (2013): 360–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12005.

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17

Beron, Petar. "High Altitude Isopoda, Arachnida and Myriapoda in the Old World (supplementa and corrigenda 2008-2016)." Historia naturalis bulgarica 23 (December 29, 2016): 141–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4043925.

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After the publication of my monograph (Beron, 2008) appeared many new papers containing data on Arachnida and Myriapoda found in the Old World at or above 2200 m. In this supplement are added 12 sp. of Opiliones, 37 sp. of spiders, and 74 sp. of Diplopoda. Several changes occurred in the taxonomy of some groups, following taxonomic revisions. Several genera of Opiliones are no more in Phalangiidae, but in Sclerosomatidae, Fuhrmanodesmidae became synonyms of Trichopolydesmidae, etc. “Palpatores” are now distributed between the suborders Eupnoi and Dyspnoi. Several specialists, and especially Golovatch, published many new taxa of high mountain Diplopoda. Again Golovatch synonymized several genera of Diplopoda (Martensosoma, Nepalomorpha, Parorthomorpha, Armolites, Orophosoma), known from the high mountains, under Delartrum Attems. For many taxa has been “raised” the upper limit of distribution and they have been published from other mountains.

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18

Richart, Casey, and Marshal Hedin. "Three new species in the harvestmen genus Acuclavella (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Ischyropsalidoidea), including description of male Acuclavella quattuor Shear, 1986." ZooKeys 311 (June 20, 2013): 19–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.311.2920.

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19

Groh, Selina, and Gonzalo Giribet. "Polyphyly of Caddoidea, reinstatement of the family Acropsopilionidae in Dyspnoi, and a revised classification system of Palpatores (Arachnida, Opiliones)." Cladistics 31, no. 3 (2014): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12087.

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20

KARAMAN, IVO M. "Nemaspela ladae sp. n., a new troglobitic nemastomatid (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae) from a Dinaric cave." Zootaxa 3694, no. 3 (2013): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3694.3.4.

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21

Richart, Casey, and Marshal Hedin. "Three new species in the harvestmen genus Acuclavella (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Ischyropsalidoidea), including description of male Acuclavella quattuor Shear, 1986." ZooKeys 311 (June 20, 2013): 19–68. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.311.2920.

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In Shear’s 1986 cladistic analysis of the Ischyropsalidoidea, he described the new genus <i>Acuclavella</i> including four new species from the Pacific Northwest states of Washington and Idaho. Several of these species descriptions were based on very limited sample sizes. Our recent field work has increased by more than an order of magnitude both the number of specimens and known localities for <i>Acuclavella</i>. We use this new material to interpret species limits in <i>Acuclavella</i> using morphometric analyses and DNA sequence data from four gene regions. We sequence for the first time the protein-coding homolog of the Wnt2 gene for phylogenetic reconstruction in Opiliones. Our multi-locus phylogeny corroborates a sister relationship between <i>Acuclavella</i> and <i>Ceratolasma</i>, as hypothesized using morphology by Shear (1986). Within <i>Acuclavella</i>, morphometric clusters and reciprocal allelic monophyly allows recognition of three additional species: <i>Acuclavella leonardi</i> <b>sp.n.</b>, <i>A</i>.<i>sheari</i> <b>sp.n.</b>, and <i>A.</i><i>makah</i> <b>sp.n.</b> This work also describes the previously unknown male of <i>Acuclavella quattuor</i>, from specimens collected at the type locality. Our research identifies a number of novel morphologies for <i>Acuclavella</i>, including females with four pairs of spines, individuals with three pairs of spines on scute areas I-III, and a population with two pairs of spines disjunct from <i>A</i>.<i>quattuor</i>, which was diagnosed with this spination character. We were unable to assign these populations to existing species, and conservatively do not yet recognize them as new. Intrageneric morphometrics and phylogenetic inference in <i>Acuclavella</i> were often concordant. However, we demonstrate that species delimitation signal would not be detected if only a single line of evidence were utilized.

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22

Schönhofer, Axel L., Maureen McCormack, Nobuo Tsurusaki, Jochen Martens, and Marshal Hedin. "Molecular phylogeny of the harvestmen genus Sabacon (Arachnida: Opiliones: Dyspnoi) reveals multiple Eocene–Oligocene intercontinental dispersal events in the Holarctic." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66, no. 1 (2013): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.001.

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23

Dunlop, Jason, and Plamen Mitov. "Fossil harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Bitterfeld amber." ZooKeys 16 (July 29, 2009): 347–75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.16.224.

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Fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Dyspnoi and Eupnoi) are described from Bitterfeld amber, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. The exact age of this amber has been in dispute, but recent work suggests it is youngest Palaeogene (Oligocene: Chattian). <em>Histricostoma tuberculatum</em> (Koch & Berendt, 1854), <em>Caddo dentipalpus</em> (Koch & Berendt, 1854), <em>Dicranopalpus ramiger</em> (Koch & Berendt, 1854) and <em>Leiobunum longipes</em> Menge, 1854 – all of which are also known from Eocene Baltic amber – are reported from Bitterfeld amber for the first time. They support the idea that both ambers sampled a similar terrestrial arthropod fauna: irrespective of any difference in age. <em>Mitostoma gruberi</em> <strong>sp. n.</strong> and <em>Amilenus deltshevi</em> <strong>sp. n.</strong> are described as new. One fossil is, in our opinion, morphologically indistinguishable from the extant species <em>Lacinius erinaceus</em> Staręga, 1966 from the Caucuses, and is tentatively assigned to this taxon. The Bitterfeld material thus includes the first fossil record of the extant genera <em>Amilenus</em> Martens, 1969 and <em>Lacinius</em> Thorell, 1876 respectively.

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24

Gainett, Guilherme, Prashant P. Sharma, Nathália Fernandes, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha, Gonzalo Giribet, and Rodrigo Hirata Willemart. "Evolution of a sensory cluster on the legs of Opiliones (Arachnida) informs multi-level phylogenetic relationships." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187, no. 1 (2019): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz016.

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Abstract Phylogenetic relationships in Opiliones (Arachnida) at the suborder level have greatly stabilized in recent years, largely due to advances in molecular systematics. Nonetheless, identifying morphological characters in the context of well-resolved phylogenies is essential for testing new systematic hypotheses and establishing diagnostic markers. Here, we investigate with SEM a promising character system across Opiliones: the sensilla on the distalmost article of legs I and II. We identified four discrete characters and scored species of nearly all families of Laniatores (28 families, 44 species), three Dyspnoi, two Eupnoi and two Cyphophthalmi. Using a phylogenetic backbone compiled from recent and ongoing phylogenomic studies, we trace the evolution of these sensilla using ancestral state reconstruction. We discover a widespread occurrence of three sensilla (a pair of sensilla basiconica and one hooded sensillum) on the anterior legs of all families of Laniatores studied, and that comparable structures occur in the other suborders of Opiliones. Our analysis shows that this sensory field provides diagnostic information at different levels of phylogenetic relationships. We discuss the implications of the widespread occurrence of these sensilla in Opiliones, which have recently been hypothesized as hygro-/thermoreceptors and their putative homology with tarsal organs in Arachnida.

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25

MITOV, PLAMEN G., EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY, and JASON A. DUNLOP. "Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)." Zootaxa 4984, no. 1 (2021): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.6.

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Six species of harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) are documented from the Eocene Rovno amber in Ukraine. From the suborder Eupnoi we record Caddo dentipalpus (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854) (Caddidae), Amilenus deltshevi Dunlop & Mitov, 2009 (Phalangiidae) and Dicranopalpus ramiger (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854) (family incertae sedis). To these we add a new phalangiid, Metaphalangium martensi sp. n., which is the oldest representative of the Recent genus Metaphalangium Roewer, 1911 and new genus for the amber fauna. From Dyspnoi we record Sabacon claviger (Menge, 1854) (Sabaconidae) and propose Parahistricostoma gen. n. (Nemastomatidae), to accommodate Nemastoma tuberculatum C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854, yielding Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854) comb. n. The Rovno harvestman fauna is briefly compared to both Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. The fossil species, C. dentipalpus, A. deltshevi, D. ramiger and P. tuberculatum occur in all three ambers, and S. claviger is found in Baltic and Rovno amber. The only genus and species unique to Rovno amber is thus our new taxon M. martensi. The composition of the Rovno opilionid fauna is discussed in the context of late Eocene palaeoenvironment and ecological preferences and the fossils are compared to the distribution of extant harvestman taxa. The oribatid mite Platyliodes ensigerus Sellnick, 1919 (Acari: Neoliodidae) is reported from Rovno amber for the first time.

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26

PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ, ABEL. "New familial assignment for two harvestmen species of the infraorder Grassatores (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores)." Zootaxa 2757, no. 1 (2011): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2757.1.2.

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Incorporating masculine genitalic characters into Opiliones taxonomy has produced important revisions in the systematics of this group of arachnids. Currently, the inclusion of penis morphology in the description of any taxon of Phalangida (harvestmen with penis: Eupnoi + Dyspnoi + Laniatores, as used in Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007) has become an almost “mandatory” standard (e.g. Acosta et al. 2007), and opilionologists have been working to establish the masculine genital pattern for each family (e.g., Martens 1986; subchapters in Pinto-da-Rocha & Giribet 2007). Still, in the infraorder Grassatores the diversity in penis morphology is enormous and much structure and functionality remains poorly understood. Unfortunately, for many of the described Grassatores, the genitalia are entirely unknown, and this constitutes an important impediment to reliable familial assignation (e.g., in Kury 2003, 41 genera were considered as incertae sedis). This problem is quite relevant to “phalangodid-like” genera, considering their rather homogeneous external appearance but highly diverse genitalia (Martens 1988). One of the most illustrative examples is the subfamily Tricommatinae Roewer, 1912, that has been originally described under Phalangodidae, but which has a male genitalia groundplan matching the Gonyleptoidea, a very distant superfamily (Giribet et al. 2010). Consequently it was raised to a separate family, closer to the Gonyleptidae than to the Phalangodidae (Kury 1992), and finally regarded as a member of Gonyleptidae (Kury 2003).

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27

Labarca, Gonzalo, Andrea Bustamante, Gonzalo Valdivia, et al. "The boundaries of mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): design of the searching clinical COPD onset (SOON) study." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (2017): e015731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015731.

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IntroductionClinical onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the point at which the disease is first identifiable by physicians. It is a poorly defined stage which seems to include both mild spirometric and non-spirometric disease, and could be described as early grade COPD, for practical purposes. While dyspnoea; chronic bronchitis and CT imaging evidence of emphysema and airway disease may be present very early, the lone significance of dyspnoea, the most relevant symptom in COPD in identifying these individuals, has been scarcely assessed.The Searching Clinical COPD Onset (SOON) Study was designed primarily to detect clinical, physiological and structural differences between dyspnoeic and non-dyspnoeic individuals with early grade COPD. It is hypothesised that presence of dyspnoea in early disease may identify a subtype of individuals with reduced exercise capacity, notwithstanding of their spirometry results. In addition, dyspnoeic individuals will share worse quality of life, lower physical activity, greater lung hyperinflation greater emphysema and airway thickness and reduced peripheral muscle mass than their non-dyspnoeic counterpart.Methods and analysisSOON is a monocentric study, with a cross sectional design aimed at obtaining representative samples of current or ex-smoker-adults aged ≥45 and ≤80 years. Two hundred and forty participants will be enrolled into four strata, according to normal spirometry or mild spirometric obstruction and presence or not of dyspnoea modified Medical Research Council score ≥1. The primary outcome will be the difference between dyspnoeic and non-dyspnoeic individuals on the 6-min walk test performance, regardless of their spirometry results. To account for the confounding effect of heart failure on dyspnoea, stress echocardiography will be also performed. Secondary outcomes will include clinical (quality of life, physical activity), physiological (exercise testing) and structural characteristics (emphysema, airway disease and peripheral muscle mass by CT imaging).Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Ethics Committee from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile has approved the study protocol and signed informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The findings of the trial will be disseminated through relevant peer-reviewed journals and international conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03026439.

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Inui, Shohei, Soon Ho Yoon, Ozkan Doganay, Fergus V. Gleeson, and Minsuok Kim. "Impaired pulmonary ventilation beyond pneumonia in COVID-19: A preliminary observation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0263158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263158.

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may severely impair pulmonary function and cause hypoxia. However, the association of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT with impaired ventilation remains unexplained. This pilot study aims to demonstrate the relationship between the radiological findings on COVID-19 CT images and ventilation abnormalities simulated in a computational model linked to the patients’ symptoms. Methods Twenty-five patients with COVID-19 and four test-negative healthy controls who underwent a baseline non-enhanced CT scan: 7 dyspneic patients, 9 symptomatic patients without dyspnea, and 9 asymptomatic patients were included. A 2D U-Net-based CT segmentation software was used to quantify radiological futures of COVID-19 pneumonia. The CT image-based full-scale airway network (FAN) flow model was employed to assess regional lung ventilation. Functional and radiological features were compared across groups and correlated with the clinical symptoms. Heterogeneity in ventilation distribution and ventilation defects associated with the pneumonia and the patients’ symptoms were assessed. Results Median percentage ventilation defects were 0.2% for healthy controls, 0.7% for asymptomatic patients, 1.2% for symptomatic patients without dyspnea, and 11.3% for dyspneic patients. The median of percentage pneumonia was 13.2% for dyspneic patients and 0% for the other groups. Ventilation defects preferentially affected the posterior lung and worsened with increasing pneumonia linearly (y = 0.91x + 0.99, R2 = 0.73) except for one of the nine dyspneic patients who had disproportionally large ventilation defects (7.8% of the entire lung) despite mild pneumonia (1.2%). The symptomatic and dyspneic patients showed significantly right-skewed ventilation distributions (symptomatic without dyspnea: 0.86 ± 0.61, dyspnea 0.91 ± 0.79) compared to the patients without symptom (0.45 ± 0.35). The ventilation defect analysis with the FAN model provided a comparable diagnostic accuracy to the percentage pneumonia in identifying dyspneic patients (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.94 versus 0.96). Conclusions COVID-19 pneumonia segmentations from CT scans are accompanied by impaired pulmonary ventilation preferentially in dyspneic patients. Ventilation analysis with CT image-based computational modelling shows it is able to assess functional impairment in COVID-19 and potentially identify one of the aetiologies of hypoxia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

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Burki, Nausherwan K., Wheeler J. Dale, and Lu-Yuan Lee. "Intravenous adenosine and dyspnea in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 1 (2005): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00913.2004.

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Intravenous adenosine for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia is reported to cause bronchospasm and dyspnea and to increase ventilation in humans, but these effects have not been systematically studied. We therefore compared the effects of 10 mg of intravenous adenosine with placebo in 21 normal subjects under normoxic conditions and evaluated the temporal sequence of the effects of adenosine on ventilation, dyspnea, and heart rate. The study was repeated in 11 of these subjects during hyperoxia. In all subjects, adenosine resulted in the development of dyspnea, assessed by handgrip dynamometry, without any significant change ( P > 0.1) in lung resistance as measured by the interrupter technique. There were significant increases ( P < 0.05) in ventilation and heart rate in response to adenosine. The dyspneic response occurred slightly before the ventilatory or heart rate responses in every subject, but the timing of the dyspneic, ventilatory, and heart rate responses was not significantly different when the group data were analyzed (18.9 ± 5.8, 20.3 ± 5.5, and 19.7 ± 4.5 s, respectively). During hyperoxia, adenosine resulted in similar effects, with no significant differences in the magnitude of the ventilatory response; however, compared with the normoxic state, the intensity of the dyspneic response was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced, whereas the heart rate response increased significantly ( P < 0.05). These data indicate that intravenous adenosine-induced dyspnea is not associated with bronchospasm in normal subjects. The time latency of the response indicates that the dyspnea is probably not a consequence of peripheral chemoreceptor or brain stem respiratory center stimulation, suggesting that it is most likely secondary to stimulation of receptors in the lungs, most likely vagal C fibers.

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Smoliga, James M., Zahra S. Mohseni, Jeffrey D. Berwager, and Eric J. Hegedus. "Common causes of dyspnoea in athletes: a practical approach for diagnosis and management." Breathe 12, no. 2 (2016): e22-e37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/20734735.006416.

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Key points“Dyspnoea” during exercise is a common complaint in seemingly otherwise healthy athletes, which may be associated with fatigue and underperformance.Because dyspnoea is an general term and may be caused by numerous factors, ranging from poor aerobic fitness to serious, potentially fatal respiratory and nonrespiratory pathologies, it is important for clinicians to obtain an appropriate case history and ask relevant exercise-specific questions to fully characterise the nature of the complaint so that a targeted diagnostic plan can be developed.Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction are two common causes of dyspnoea in athletes, and both are regularly misdiagnosed and mismanaged due to poor adherence to available practice parameters.Aside from airway dysfunction, iron deficiency and anaemia, infectious disease, and musculoskeletal conditions are common problems in athletes which ultimately may lead to complaints of dyspnoea.Educational aimsTo inform readers of the common causes of dyspnoea encountered in athletes.To highlight that airway diseases, such as asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, are commonly misdiagnosed and mismanaged.To introduce readers to common nonairway causes of dyspnoea in athletes, including clinical features and general principles of diagnosis, and management.To emphasise the importance of a detailed case history and proper adherence to established protocols in evaluating and managing the dyspnoeic athlete.To provide readers with a general framework of appropriate questions that are useful for developing a targeted diagnostic plan for evaluating dyspnoeic athletes.Dyspnoea during exercise is a common chief complaint in athletes and active individuals. It is not uncommon for dyspnoeic athletes to be diagnosed with asthma, “exercise-induced asthma” or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction based on their symptoms, but this strategy regularly leads to misdiagnosis and improper patient management. Dyspnoea during exercise can ultimately be caused by numerous respiratory and nonrespiratory conditions, ranging from nonpathological to potentially fatal in severity. As, such it is important for healthcare providers to be familiar with the many factors that can cause dyspnoea during exercise in seemingly otherwise-healthy individuals and have a general understanding of the clinical approach to this patient population. This article reviews common conditions that ultimately cause athletes to report dyspnoea and associated symptoms, and provides insight for developing an efficient diagnostic plan.

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Nishino, Takashi, Naohito Shimoyama, Tohru Ide, and Shiroh Isono. "Experimental Pain Augments Experimental Dyspnea, but Not Vice Versa in Human Volunteers." Anesthesiology 91, no. 6 (1999): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199912000-00014.

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Background Pain and dyspnea frequently coexist in many clinical situations. However, whether the two different symptoms interact with each other has not been elucidated. To elucidate the interaction between pain and dyspneic sensations, the authors investigated separately the effects of pain on dyspnea and the effects of dyspnea on pain in 15 healthy subjects. Methods Subjects were asked to rate their sensation of pain or dyspnea using a visual analog scale (VAS) during pain stimulation produced by tourniquet inflation (inflation cuff pressure: 350 mmHg) around the calf, and/or the respiratory loading consisted of a combination of resistive load (77 cm H2O x l(-1) x s(-1)) and hypercapnia induced by extra mechanical dead space (255 ml). In addition to changes in VAS scores, changes in ventilatory airflow and airway pressure were continuously measured. Results Pain stimulation and loaded breathing increased VAS scores, ventilation, and occlusion pressure (P0.1). The addition of a pain stimulus during loaded breathing increased the dyspneic VAS score (median 56 [interquartile range 50-62] vs. 64 [55-77]: before vs. after addition of pain stimulus, P &lt; 0.05) with concomitant increases in minute ventilation (10.8 [10.1-13.3] vs. 12.4 [11.0-14.8] l/min, P &lt; 0.05) and P0.1 (5.5 [4.9-7.2] vs. 6.8 [5.8-9.0] cm H2O, P &lt; 0.05). The addition of respiratory loading during pain stimulation did not cause a significant change in pain VAS score (40 [33-55] vs. 31 [30-44]: before vs. after addition of respiratory loading), although both additional burdens increased further minute ventilation (10.0 [8.8-10.9] vs. 12.0 [10.6-13.2] l/min, P &lt; 0.05) and P0.1 (2.5 [2.0-3.0] vs. 6.2 [4.9-7.0] cm H2O, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion The authors' findings suggest that pain intensifies the dyspneic sensation, presumably by increasing the respiratory drive, whereas dyspnea may not intensify the pain sensation.

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Abboud, Nour, Jack-Yves Deschamps, Marie Joubert, and Françoise A. Roux. "Emergency Dyspnea in 258 Cats: Insights from the French RAPID CAT Study." Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 3 (2025): 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12030242.

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Dyspnea is common in feline emergency medicine. Dyspneic cats are often unable to tolerate additional diagnostic tests upon admission. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency of the causes of severe dyspnea in cats and to identify clinical indicators that could guide immediate management. Records of 312 severely dyspneic cats admitted over a 5-year period to our institution’s emergency and critical care unit were retrospectively reviewed. The cause of dyspnea was identified for 258 cats, representing 83% of the cases. This study focused solely on these 258 cats. Respiratory causes accounted for 33% of cases, followed by cardiac causes (25%) and both traumatic and neoplastic causes (21% each). Pleural effusion was present in 39% of the cats, with various origins: cardiac (38%), respiratory (pyothorax, feline infectious peritonitis, 30%), neoplastic (23%), and traumatic (9%). Male cats were significantly overrepresented in the cardiac and respiratory groups. The median age differed according to the cause (2 years for traumatic causes, 6 years for respiratory causes, and approximately 11 years for cardiac and neoplastic causes). Cats with cardiac disease were significantly more often hypothermic. Hyperthermia was not systematically indicative of an infectious process. No clinical element (temperature, heart rate, cardiac auscultation, etc.) allowed for predicting the cause of dyspnea. In-hospital mortality was 44%, varying according to the cause (78% for neoplastic causes, 40% for traumatic causes, 37% for cardiac causes, and 30% for respiratory causes). In conclusion, the four main categories of causes were represented in approximately equal proportions, which contrasts with the results of the British RAPID CAT study, where cardiac causes accounted for nearly two-thirds of dyspnea cases. In the dyspneic cats in this series, the clinical presentation did not allow clinicians to identify a particular cause. This highlights the importance of non-invasive examinations such as POCUS (point-of-care ultrasound), which has become a routine test in emergency medicine. However, this importance should not lead to underestimating the continued value of radiography when the cat’s clinical condition allows for image acquisition.

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Herzog, Michaela, Josef Sucec, Ilse Van Diest, et al. "Observing dyspnoea in others elicits dyspnoea, negative affect and brain responses." European Respiratory Journal 51, no. 4 (2018): 1702682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02682-2017.

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Dyspnoea is usually caused by diagnosable cardiorespiratory mechanisms. However, frequently dyspnoea relates only weakly or not at all to cardiorespiratory functioning, suggesting that additional neuropsychosocial processes contribute to its experience. We tested whether the mere observation of dyspnoea in others constitutes such a process and would elicit dyspnoea, negative affect and increased brain responses in the observer.In three studies, series of pictures and videos were presented, which either depicted persons suffering from dyspnoea or nondyspnoeic control stimuli. Self-reports of dyspnoea and affective state were obtained in all studies. Additionally, respiratory variables and brain responses during picture viewing (late positive potentials in electroencephalograms) were measured in one study.In all studies, dyspnoea-related pictures and videos elicited mild-to-moderate dyspnoea and increased negative affect compared to control stimuli. This was paralleled by increased late positive potentials for dyspnoea-related pictures while respiratory variables did not change. Moreover, increased dyspnoea correlated modestly with higher levels of empathy in observers.The present results demonstrate that observing dyspnoea in others elicits mild-to-moderate dyspnoea, negative affect, and increased brain responses in the absence of respiratory changes. This vicarious dyspnoea has clinical relevance, as it might increase suffering in the family and medical caregivers of dyspnoeic patients.

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Morris, Deborah, and Marissa Galicia-Castillo. "Dying With Dyspnea in the Hospital." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 34, no. 2 (2016): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909115604140.

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Background: While many patients hope to die at home, many die in hospitals. Patients die with unrecognized and untreated symptoms including dyspnea. Objective: We sought to determine prevalence of dyspnea at end of life in patients dying in acute hospital care and examine treatment patterns. Design/Participants: A retrospective chart review of deaths at tertiary care hospital over a 3-month period evaluated dyspnea in last 24 hours of life, opioid orders and administration as well as presence of palliative care consultation. Results: Of 106 decedents, 88 experienced dyspnea or tachypnea in last 24 hours of life. Health care providers noted only 50% as dyspneic, even those undergoing terminal comfort extubation. Almost all patients with dyspnea documented by staff had orders and received opioids; however, few orders described treatment specifically for dyspnea. Patients with palliative care consultations more often received opioids ( P = .0007), and opioid orders more often specified treatment of dyspnea ( P = .013). Conclusion: These findings support that previous work noting many patients experience dyspnea at end of life. Despite national guidelines, health care providers may still be underrecognizing and likely not optimally treating dyspnea at the end of life in the hospital. Collaboration with palliative medicine providers may improve assessments and treatments for quality end-of-life care for hospitalized patients.

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Schellong, S. M., and T. Welte. "Dyspnoe." Der Internist 56, no. 8 (2015): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00108-015-3685-0.

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Abolmaali, N., H. Foelske, H. Magnussen, H. Palisch, and S. M. Schellong. "Dyspnoe." Der Internist 56, no. 8 (2015): 872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00108-015-3687-y.

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Ewert, R., and S. Gläser. "Dyspnoe." Der Internist 56, no. 8 (2015): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00108-015-3690-3.

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Hauswaldt, J., and S. Blaschke. "Dyspnoe." Der Internist 58, no. 9 (2017): 925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00108-017-0276-2.

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Fröhlich, Georg, Kai Schorn, and Heike Fröhlich. "Dyspnoe." Der Internist 61, no. 1 (2019): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00108-019-00720-z.

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Pfeifer, M. "Dyspnoe." Der Pneumologe 2, no. 3 (2005): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10405-005-0044-1.

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Olschewski, H. "Dyspnoe." Der Pneumologe 9, no. 4 (2012): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10405-011-0564-9.

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Speich, R. "Dyspnoe." Der Pneumologe 9, no. 4 (2012): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10405-011-0565-8.

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Sowmiya Elumalai, Prathap Suganthirababu, and Karthika Ramalingam. "The Effect of Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Training Device and Incentive Spirometry Device for Dyspnoea among Third-Trimester Antenatal Women." Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy - An International Journal 18 (January 21, 2024): 844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/mkd93190.

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Background: During pregnancy, the progesterone hormone causes the respiratory system to increase oxygenconsumption. Maternal hyperventilation causes the partial pressure of oxygen to increase and partial pressure ofcarbon-dioxide to decrease. During the third trimester, the compression of the diaphragm in the lower base of thelungs, which causes dyspnoea.Purpose: The purpose of the study to find the prevalence and to evaluate the effect of threshold inspiratory muscletraining device and incentive spirometry device for dyspnoea among third- trimester antenatal women usingmodified borg dyspnoea and dyspnea-12 questionnaire.Materials and Methods: The study analysed prevalence of dyspnoea in third-trimester antenatal women fromDecember 2022 to April 2023 using the dyspnea-12 questionnaire. Out of 77 participants, 15 subjects were excludeddue to improper follow-up, lack of participation, and withdrawal from the study. In phase 2, in May 2023, 62participants were divided into two groups: 31 antenatal women underwent threshold inspiratory muscle trainingalong with diaphragmatic breathing exercises, and 31 underwent incentive spirometry along with diaphragmaticbreathing exercises.Result: Statistically significant differences between the two devices were evaluated by post-values of 13.80 ± 23.20;and the P value is < 0.0001. These values were considered to be extremely statistically significant.Conclusion: Threshold inspiratory muscle training device is more effective than Incentive Spirometry device fordyspnoea among third-trimester antenatal women.

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Jacob Sundberg and Ankit Mehta. "A Brisk and Life-Saving Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion as the Cause for Recurrent Dyspnea." POCUS Journal 7, no. 1 (2022): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/pocus.v7i1.15162.

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Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is a reliable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of a patient with dyspnea. This case provides an example of an acutely dyspneic patient in which standard evaluation failed to elucidate the true etiology of the patient’s dyspnea. The patient was initially diagnosed with pneumonia but returned to the emergency department with acute worsening of his symptoms despite empiric antibiotics leading to the presumption of antibiotic failure. POCUS revealed a large pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis ultimately leading to the accurate diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of POCUS in evaluating patients with shortness of breath.

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Morélot-Panzini, Capucine, Hélène Gilet, Bernard Aguilaniu, et al. "Real-life assessment of the multidimensional nature of dyspnoea in COPD outpatients." European Respiratory Journal 47, no. 6 (2016): 1668–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01998-2015.

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Dyspnoea is a prominent symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent multidimensional dyspnoea questionnaires like the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) individualise the sensory and affective dimensions of dyspnoea. We tested the MDP in COPD outpatients based on the hypothesis that the importance of the affective dimension of dyspnoea would vary according to clinical characteristics.A multicentre, prospective, observational, real-life study was conducted in 276 patients. MDP data were compared across various categories of patients (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea score, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) airflow obstruction categories, GOLD “ABCD” categories, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)). Univariate and multivariate regressions were conducted to explore factors influencing the affective dimension of dyspnoea. Cluster analysis was conducted to create homogeneous patient profiles.The MDP identified a more marked affective dimension of dyspnoea with more severe mMRC, CAT, 12-item Short-Form Health Survey mental component, airflow obstruction and HADS. Multivariate analysis identified airflow obstruction, depressive symptoms and physical activity as determinants of the affective dimension of dyspnoea. Patients clustered into an “elderly, ex-smoker, severe disease, no rehabilitation” group exhibited the most marked affective dimension of dyspnoea.An affective/emotional dimension of dyspnoea can be identified in routine clinical practice. It can contribute to the phenotypic description of patients. Studies are needed to determine whether targeted therapeutic interventions can be designed and whether they are useful.

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Asha, Cynthia D. Sa, and Mogera Nithyananda. "Evaluate the effectiveness of pursed lip breathing exercise on dyspnoea among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in selected hospitals of Mangalore and Karkala Taluk." International Journal of Advanced Science and Research 3, no. 2 (2022): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7179565.

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Abstract Dyspnoea is the most frequent symptom of COPD. It has been suggested that dyspnoea is the single most important factor contributing to functional difficulties in COPD and is a better predictor of exercise tolerance and health related quality of life among COPD patients. A study on 131 participants with COPD revealed that 84% experienced severe dyspnoea, while 59% had at least one daily episode of dyspnea. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to; 1. To assess the pre-test dyspnoea score among experimental group and control group. 2. To assess the post-test dyspnoea score among experimental group and control group. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of pursed lip breathing on the level of dyspnoea among experimental group. 4. Compare the level of dyspnoea between experimental group and control group. 5. Find the association between pretest dyspnoea score and selected demographic variables. Material and Methods: Research Approach: An evaluative research approach was adopted for the study Research Design: The research design adopted for the study was quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design. This design was adopted to assess the level of dyspnoea among COPD patients in selected hospitals of Mangalore and Karkala Taluk following the pursed lip breathing exercise. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the ‘t’ value computed was highly significant (t (58) = 8.798, t (tab) = 1.670, p < 0.05). It shows that there was much reduction in dyspnoea among the experimental group as compared to the control group.

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Banzett, Robert B., Carl R. O'Donnell, Tegan E. Guilfoyle, et al. "Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile: an instrument for clinical and laboratory research." European Respiratory Journal 45, no. 6 (2015): 1681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00038914.

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There is growing awareness that dyspnoea, like pain, is a multidimensional experience, but measurement instruments have not kept pace. The Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) assesses overall breathing discomfort, sensory qualities, and emotional responses in laboratory and clinical settings. Here we provide the MDP, review published evidence regarding its measurement properties and discuss its use and interpretation. The MDP assesses dyspnoea during a specific time or a particular activity (focus period) and is designed to examine individual items that are theoretically aligned with separate mechanisms. In contrast, other multidimensional dyspnoea scales assess recalled recent dyspnoea over a period of days using aggregate scores.Previous psychophysical and psychometric studies using the MDP show that: 1) subjects exposed to different laboratory stimuli could discriminate between air hunger and work/effort sensation, and found air hunger more unpleasant; 2) the MDP immediate unpleasantness scale (A1) was convergent with common dyspnoea scales; 3) in emergency department patients, two domains were distinguished (immediate perception, emotional response); 4) test–retest reliability over hours was high; 5) the instrument responded to opioid treatment of experimental dyspnoea and to clinical improvement; 6) convergent validity with common instruments was good; and 7) items responded differently from one another as predicted for multiple dimensions.

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Padmanabhan Suresh Babu Roshan, Sreejisha Pk, and Sangeeth S. "Relationship Between Chest Expansion with Endurance and Dyspnea in Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross Sectional Study." Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal 19, no. 2 (2025): 53–57. https://doi.org/10.37506/085hdb69.

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CONTEXT:Dyspnea is characterized as breathing difficulty.One of the most common and widespread symptoms among older persons is dyspnea. It is observed that reduced chest expansion may increase dyspnea and may decrease the endurance and overall physical performance in older adults. This may lead to disability resulting in dependency in later life. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to evaluate the relationship of chest expansion with endurance and dyspnea in older adults. STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN: This study was a correlational study conducted in an urban health center in Southern Karnataka. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 37 elderly persons above the age of 65 participated in this study. Chest expansion was assessed using inch tape method, dyspnoea was assessed using New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification and endurance was assessed using 2 Minute Walk Test (2MWT). RESULTS: There was observed a negative correlation between chest expansion and dyspnea (r = -.007; p<0.001) and a positive correlation was observed between chest expansion and endurance (r= 0.307; p<0.001), both were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between chest expansion, dyspnea and endurance. Poor chest expansion increases the dyspnea level and decrease the endurance in older adults.

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Naguib, Mark. "Emergency treatment of the dyspnoeic bird." Companion Animal 24, no. 10 (2019): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2019.0026.

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Dyspnoea is a common emergency in birds presented to veterinary practitioners. There are a number of aetiologies and various anatomical structures that may be involved. A large proportion of these birds will be significantly compromised, thus appropriate and timely emergency management is essential. This article discusses the approach to diagnosis, decision making and emergency medical and surgical treatment in the dyspnoeic bird.

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Moore, Michael, Brian Dilcher, Joseph MInardi, Kimberly Quedado, and Erica Shaver. "Point-of-care Echocardiogram as the Key to Rapid Diagnosis of a Unique Presentation of Dyspnea: A Case Report." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 4, no. 3 (2020): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2020.5.47012.

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Introduction: Dyspnea is commonly evaluated in the emergency department (ED).The differential diagnosis is broad. Due to the large volume of dyspneic patients evaluated, emergency physicians (EP) will encounter uncommon diagnoses. Early, liberal application of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may decrease diagnostic error and improve care for these patients. Case Report: We report a 48-year-old male presenting to the ED with cough and progressively worsening dyspnea for 11 months after multiple healthcare visits. Using POCUS, the EP was immediately able to diagnose a severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with left ventricular thrombus. Conclusion: Given that non-ischemic DCM is one of the most common etiologies of heart failure, often presenting with respiratory symptoms, POCUS is key to rapid diagnosis and, along with modalities such as electrocardiography and chest radiograph, should be standard practice in the workup of dyspnea, regardless of age or comorbidities.

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