Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dystrophie musculaire de Becker'
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Gaïda, Philippe. "Dystrophie musculaire de Becker : étude d'une série de 31 patients." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23051.
Full textRobert, Bernard. "La myopathie de becker : donnees classiques et actuelles ; a propos de 60 observations." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M473.
Full textLANG, CATHERINE. "Aspects moleculaires des myopathies de duchenne et de becker." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15058.
Full textGuilbaud, Marine. "Identification d'ARNs non-codants impliqués dans les dystrophinopathies." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS042/document.
Full textDuchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies are due to mutations in DMD gene, encoding Dystrophin. Many aspects of pathophysiological mechanisms of these diseases are not yet well understood. We were interested in the study of non-coding RNAs that could be involved in these pathological processes. A first study focused on micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that could modulate expression of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), a partner of Dystrophin which is linked to pathological features as muscular fatigability. 617 miRNAs were screened by Taqman Low Density Array in muscle biopsies of healthy subjects or BMDdel45-55 patients. 4 candidate miRNAs were selected from this study since they were overexpressed in BMDdel45-55 patients and for their theoretical ability to target nNOS. Experiments modulating the expression of these miRNAs in healthy or dystrophic human myoblasts enabled us to identify that miR-708-5p and miR-34-5p could target nNOS and modulate its expression.A second axis was conducted on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Introns 44 and 55, which bound exons 45-55 deleted in BMDdel45-55 patients, are large regions containing lncRNAs described as regulating Dystrophin. Since intronic breakpoints of DMD mutations of these pateints were not described, we have assumed the existence of different profiles of lncRNAs. DNA analysis of these patients actually showed different lncRNAs profiles, thus revealing the significance of a more precise analysis of deletion areas in DMD gene of BMDdel45-55 patients
Humbertclaude, Véronique. "Variabilité phénotypique et corrélations génotype – phénotype des dystrophinopathies : contribution des banques de données." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T028/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to develop the clinical part of the French dystrophinopathy data-base, in order to study the natural history and the genotype-phenotype correlations, and to facilitate the selection of the patients for the future therapeutic trials. The methodology developed for the DMD gene can be generalized and used for the other databases dedicated to genetic diseases. The collection of 70 000 clinical data for 600 patients with an average lon-gitudinal follow-up of 12 years allows to clarify the natural history of the muscular dystrophies of Duchenne and Becker and in symptomatic females. We were able to specify the pheno-typic heterogeneity of the motor, orthopaedic and respiratory involvements (severe form and intermediary form of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy), of the cardiac disorder (absence of correlation between motor and cardiac involvements, variability of the cardiomyopathy), and of the brain function (mental deficiency in the patients with Becker muscular dystrophy, psychological disorders in dystrophinopathies). The use of this tool by the clinicians and the ge-neticists should facilitate their clinical research work and the realization of the future clinical trials. This requires now to develop the accessibility of the database and to ensure its continued existence
Couillandre, Annabelle. "Incidence de la posture initiale sur la programmation de la marche : contrôle du centre des masses lors de l'initiation de la marche sur l'avant-pied." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112296.
Full textAccording to a velocity objective, body progression during gait initiation results from a control of the gravity forces by the muscular forces and a choice of the locomotor parameters. In this study, we use a gait initiation analysis model in order to understand the incidence of the initial posture on gait programming: on one hand, on the healthy subject to whom a heel-off posture is imposed and on the other hand, on the subject with Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD), who naturally frequently displays this posture. This latter consequently reduces the postural basis, limits the centre of foot pressure (CP) backward shift during the Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APA). Using dynamic, electromyographical (EMG) and dynamometric techniques, we show, in each of the gait initiation phases, some modifications but also some invariances of the biomechanical and EMG parameters. The control of the gravity forces by the muscular forces in the healthy subject, adopting the heel-off posture differs from the one displayed by the subject with BMD. This difference of control is at the origin of the perturbation on the motor sequence normally observed. In the healthy subject adopting the heel-off posture as well as in the patient, muscular synergies other than the ones normally observed assist the occurence of this motor sequence in order to preserve appropriate APA for progression. These prepare the postural configuration for the forthcoming movement, assist the motor performance and present characteristics in relation with the parameters of the posture and movement. Moreover, the adjustement between centre of gravity and CP velocities may represent adaptations of the dynamic body scheme. The strategy of CP velocity modulation allows to distinguish a locomotor behaviour specific to the postural constraints
Vincent, Lacaze Nathalie. "Expression du gène de la dystrophine et perspectives thérapeutiques des dystrophines musculaires de Duchenne et de Becker." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD12.
Full textKaspar, Rita Wen. "Genotype-Phenotype Association Analysis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Becker Muscular Dystrophy." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243469474.
Full textFrishman, Natalia, Kristin Caspers Conway, Jennifer Andrews, Jacob Oleson, Katherine Mathews, Emma Ciafaloni, Joyce Oleszek, et al. "Perceived quality of life among caregivers of children with a childhood-onset dystrophinopathy: a double ABCX model of caregiver stressors and perceived resources." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623121.
Full textTandon, Animesh. "Dystrophin genotype-cardiac phenotype correlations in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396453528.
Full textGardner, Rebecca Jane. "Mutation analysis of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321813.
Full textWinnard, Alissa Vira. "Exception patients in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487847309050842.
Full textCockburn, David James. "Analysis of DMD translocations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ab53825b-b18e-4f60-954a-4ea9e0435126.
Full textHoogerwaard, Edo Marc. "Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy neurological, cardiological and genetic studies in carriers and patients /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/55600.
Full textKhudai, Chandni. "A Descriptive Study on the Effect of Carrier Status on Mothers’ Wellbeing and Adaptation to Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1343068081.
Full textBOURSIER, MICHEL. "La dystrophie musculaire oculo-pharyngee : description, evolution du concept." Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE1063.
Full textWILLEMSE, CARPENTIER SYLVIE. "La dystrophie musculaire congenitale : a propos de trois observations." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20432.
Full textKlein, Pierre. "Les rôles de PABPN1 dans la dystrophie musculaire oculopharyngée." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066217/document.
Full textPABPN1 is an RNA binding protein involved in many post-transcriptional RNA regulation mechanisms. A pathological expansion of the GCN triplet in the gene leads to a muscular dystrophy called Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). The molecular mechanisms leading to a small expansion in an ubiquitous protein to a disease, where only few muscles are impaired are still not fully understood. The main pathological hallmark is the presence in the myonuclei of nuclear aggregates of the PABPN1 protein. Today there is no cure for OPMD patients. In this context the projects developed during this thesis have been to 1) study the molecular mechanisms involved in OPMD, 2) study the contribution of the nuclear aggregates in the physiopathology of the disease and 3) develop a gene therapy strategy. We found mitochondrial dysfunctions present in OPMD muscles and we decipher the molecular mechanism involved. Study of PABPN1 aggregates in OPMD has highlighted splicing deregulation events. Among them TNNT3, a RNA which encodes a muscle specific protein is deregulated and we found that the pre-mRNA is trapped in nuclear aggregates outsides speckles nuclear domain containing its natural splicing factor (SC35), leading to an imbalance of the ratio of two mutually exclusives exons of the transcript. The gene therapy strategy developed is a replacement strategy that consists of silencing PABPN1 using RNAi and also bringing a novel version of the protein using a cDNA, untargeted by RNAi thanks to the genetic code redundancy, which encodes a wild-type form of PABPN1. We obtained promising results both in vitro and in vivo in mice OPMD model with a rescue of the pathological phenotype
Boulanger, Piette Antoine. "La communication os-muscle dans la dystrophie musculaire : une interaction musculaire hors triade pour l'ostéoprotégérine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40332.
Full textGladstone, Amy R. "Assessing the Genetic Counseling Needs of Parents who have Adopted a Child with Duchenne or Becker Muscular Dystrophy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367924226.
Full textTymczuk, Tremblay Sophie. "Aspects cliniques, fonctionnels et généalogiques de la dystrophie musculaire oculo-pharyngee au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean /." Thèse, Québec : Université Laval, École des gradués, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full text"Mémoire présenté pour l'obtention du grade de maître es sciences (M.Sc.)" Ce mémoire a été réalisé à l'UQAC dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en médecine expérimentale (génétique) extensionné de l'Un. Laval à l'UQAC. CaQCU CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. 75-80. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Priez, Alain. "Évolution d'une dystrophie musculaire : caractérisation par l'analyse de l'EMG de surface." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD161.
Full textRichard, Isabelle. "Etiologie moleculaire de la dystrophie musculaire des ceintures type 2a (lgmd2a)." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077273.
Full textCharton, Karine. "Etude de la physiopathologie de la dystrophie musculaire tibiale et de la dystrophie des ceintures 2J et stratégies thérapeutiques." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0026/document.
Full textTitin is a giant protein expressed in both skeletal muscles and heart. Several pathogenic mutations were identified in its last coding exon. The most frequent mutation commonly referred to as FINmaj, results in the replacement of 4 amino acids and affects a subset of patients in Finland. The mutation causes a Tibial Muscular Dystrophy (TMD) when present on one allele and a Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy phenotype 2J (LGMD2J) when present on both alleles.To obtain a model for studying the physiopathology of these diseases and evaluating therapeutic strategies, we introduced the FINmaj mutation in the murine genome by a knock-in strategy by homologous recombination. This model was characterized and showed that it reproduces mainly the symptoms of both the human TMD and LGMD2J at histological and molecular levels.The study of this mouse model has allowed a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these two diseases and we have to study more carefully the interactions beyond titin C-ter with its partners to better understand the involvement of the M line in life of the sarcomere.The study of the pathophysiology of TMD and LGM2J showed that calpain 3 (a protease thatlind to an other limb-girdle muscular dystrophy), played a major role in TMD. This finding allowed us to consider a treatment approach for TMD to reduce symptoms by regulating negatively calpain 3. A gene therapy approach was also tested: the trans-splicing of the last exon of titin.Indeed, given the large size of the cDNA of titin (~ 100 kb), conventional strategies of genetransfer were not envisaged. To overcome this problem, we tested an approach to exchange the last exon or the last exons of the titin messenger. We were able to demonstrate the correction of titin in vitro
Nicolas, Aurélie. "Etude in silico de dystrophines tronquées dans les myopathies de Duchenne et de Becker." Rennes 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01343326.
Full textDystrophin is involved in Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) Muscular Dystrophies. A lot of clinical and therapeutic researches are published on DMD but precise molecular role of dystrophin is largely unknown, and consequently the correlation between genotype and phenotype is difficult to establish. However, this relation is essential to offer new therapies to patients. That is why we propose to study function of BMD patient mutated dystrophin to correlate with clinical phenotypes. The database eDystrophin provides an overview of phenotypes associate with these mutations and consequences of each mutation on function and 3D-structures of mutated protein through homology models. The great majority of these mutations are exon deletions located in the central rod domain composed by 24 spectrin-like repeats. The use of eDystrophin, models and molecular dynamics highlights two types of structures at the deletion junction: hybrid repeats that reconstitute a triple coiled-coil like native repeats and fractional repeats that do not reconstitute this structure. Molecular dynamics analysis reveals that fractional repeats may be more deleterious than hybrid repeats A first correlation between clinical phenotypes and the protein structure is established
Patte, Karine. "L'analyse de la marche au cours de la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11106.
Full textFOUGEROUSSE, FRANCOISE. "Cartographie d'une region genetique impliquee dans la dystrophie musculaire des ceintures (lgmd2)." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077140.
Full textMoradei, Jean Charles. "Dystrophies musculaires congénitales : mise au point à propos de 5 observations." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11012.
Full textBotteron, Sebastien. "La fonction et la morphologie dento-faciale dans la Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne /." Genève : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2007/BotteronS/these.pdf.
Full textMetlej, Racha. "Étude du profil immunogénique des fibres révertantes dans la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29039/29039.pdf.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive neuromuscular disease. It is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration, eventually leading to loss of ambulation and death. It is caused by a mutation in the dmd gene which encodes for the dystrophin protein. This mutation alters the normal reading frame of the gene causing the loss of dystrophin expression, essential for the protection of muscles from degeneration, following an effort. However, the majority of DMD patients and mdx mice (animal model of DMD) have rare revertant muscle fibers that express dystrophin. This expression is due to a somatic mutation, which restores of the normal reading frame of the gene and leads to the synthesis of a recombinant dystrophin. It was suggested that the dystrophine expressed by the revertant fibers could induce immunological tolerance, leading to the accumulation of revertant fibers. Alternatively, these rare revertant fibers could induce an autoimmune response that limits the success of therapeutical approaches to induce the expression of dystrophin. The aim of my study was to verify whether the newly formed dystrophin triggers an immune response in the mdx mouse. The Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mdx (dystrophic) and Rag/mdx (dystrophic, lymphopenic) mice were first examined by immunohistochemical staining to compare the number of revertant fibers present in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. This study allowed us to evaluate the influence of the immune system on the presence of revertant fibers. The presence of a potential cellular immune response against dystrophin was then investigated in vivo. Splenocytes from mdx and 10J mice were transferred intravenously into Rag and Rag/mdx. The muscules of these mice were examined by immunohistochemical staining to detect the presence of immune cellular infiltration around the revertant fibers. Finally, to study the humoral response, I examined sera from mdx mice using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting to check for antibodies against dystrophin. My research showed that immunodeficient mice had a significantly higher number v of dystrophin-positive fibers, suggesting that the immune system is involved in the elimination of revertant fibers in immunocompetent mdx mice. In addition, T cells obtained from mdx mice and injected in Rag/mdx mice infiltrated muscles of Rag/mdx mice containing revertant fibers supporting the hypothesis that mdx mice do make a cellular immune response against the dystrophin revertant fibers. However, the mdx mouse serum did not contain any antibodies against dystrophin. These results suggest that revertant fibers do not induce an immune tolerance to the newly formed dystrophin, but on the contrary, they trigger the activation of the immune system. This activation results in a cell-mediated immunity but not a humoral immunity.
Gueneau, Lucie. "Recherche de nouveaux gènes majeurs et modificateurs de la dystrophie musculaire d'Emery-Dreifuss." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066444.
Full textPal, Gheorghe. "Autorégulation de l'expression de PABPN1, le gène muté dans la dystrophie musculaire oculopharyngée." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6814.
Full textTuffery-Giraud, Sylvie. "Les myopathies de Duchenne et de Becker : contribution à l'étude de la pathologie moléculaire du gène de la dystrophine (délétions et mutations ponctuelles)." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON1T031.
Full textCaron, Nicolas. "Transduction de protéines dans le développement d'un traitement pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21775/21775.pdf.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of dystrophin and leads to progressive weakness in heart and skeletal muscles. Affected boys can only hope to live for 20 years since there is still no effective therapy for DMD. Autologous transplantation of genetically modified myoblasts can restore dystrophin expression, but the rapid death, the specific immune response and limited cellular migration severely limit the efficiency of the treatment. Immortalization, although a risky procedure, is necessary to proliferate myoblasts isolated from dystrophic patients, since by age five; their myogenic cells are practically senescent. Proteins and cargos fused to the Tat protein (HIV) can be internalized in cells and living tissue. The mechanism of Tat internalization is still misunderstood and controversial. Our objectives were to test the susceptibility of muscle fibers to be transduced by Tat fusion proteins, to better understand the mechanism of entry of Tat fusions, to optimize intracellular delivery and to develop techniques allowing the immortalization reversal of myoblasts using Tat-fusion proteins. The low susceptibility of muscle fibers to be transduced and the strong interaction between Tat-fusion proteins and the extracellular matrix surrounding muscle fibers resulted in poor protein delivery. Our work shows that the nuclear localization signal comprised in Tat is not sufficient to confer nuclear delivery to eGFP. The punctuate intracellular distribution, the internalization kinetics, the inhibitory effect of low temperatures and the functional increase exerted by lysosomotropic agents are coherent with a classical endocytosis internalisation mechanism. Our data suggests that Tat-fusion proteins proceed through the endosomal pathway, avoid lysosomes and are then sequestered in the periphery of the nucleus. Hence, improper intracellular trafficking is the main factor limiting the efficiency of Tat-mediated protein internalization. With a better understanding of this internalization mechanism, we were able to optimize the delivery of a Tat-Cre fusion protein to mediate the complete and efficient removal of an oncogene necessary for the proliferation of myoblasts isolated from DMD patients. Therefore this technique should help in the design of a successful treatment based on the autologous transplantation genetically-modified cells.
Wattin, Marion. "Modulation des mécanismes de Contrôle Qualité des Protéines dans la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1323/document.
Full textVarious studies have highlighted the importance of Protein Quality Control (PQC), including protein refolding (molecular chaperones) and degradation (autophagy, proteasome) mechanisms in inherited muscle disorders such as Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (UCMD), Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) or Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD); however, to date, no extensive study has been conducted on these mechanisms in a same model, in muscle cells before muscle differentiation. Thus, we were interested in PQC mechanisms functionality and their interconnection in human immortalized myoblasts from healthy donors or patients suffering from DMD. We observed an increase of protein aggregation in DMD cells. This phenomenon is accompanied by a deregulation of sequestration mechanisms by molecular chaperones, reflected by the modulation of HSPB5 and HSPB8 expression. Degradation mechanisms are also deregulated; indeed, we observed on one hand a decrease of proteasome enzymatic activity and multiubiquitinated proteins UPS-adressing molecules and on the other hand, an increase of NF?B transcription factor’s activity, involved in autophagy, and of BAG3/HSPB8 complexes, leading to an increase of the autophagic flux. These PQC defects reflect the existence of a protein aggregation stress in myoblasts coming from DMD patients. In this context, pharmacological modulation of PQC in these cells could represent a new therapeutic strategy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Iyombe, Jean-Paul. "Correction du gène de la dystrophine avec la méthode CRISPR induced deletion (CinDel)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35026.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetically recessive genetic disorder. It affects 1 boy out of 3500 male births. The boy with the disorder presents walking disorders at the age of 3-4 years and loses it around the age of 11. Death occurs around 18-30 years of age from cardiopulmonary complications. To date, there is no effective cure for this serious disease. We have developed a gene therapy approach called CRISPR-induced deletion (CinDel) to correct the mutated DMD gene. It uses two gRNAs that target the exons preceding and following the deletion responsible for the frame shift. The recognition of the target sites by the two gRNAs allows the recruitment of the Cas9 nuclease, which generates double-strand breaks. The exonic and intronic sequences located between the two cuts are then deleted and the remains of the exons are fused by Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) to produce a hybrid exon and restore the reading frame and to allow the synthesis of the truncated dystrophin with correct SLR structure and heptads. The CinDel approach was used in this project to correct the mutated DMD gene in the myoblasts of a patient with a 51-53 deletion. Exons 50 and 54 were targeted by SpCas9 and two gRNAs and to produce double strand breaks, delete the sequences between the two cleavage sites and produce a hybrid exon 50-54 by NHEJ. This restored the normal reading frame and allowed the expression of truncated dystrophin in the patient's myotubes. The approach also made it possible to correct in vivo the mutated DMD gene in the animal model, the transgenic mouse with a human DMD gene having a deletion of exon 52 (del52hDMD) using an AAV9 viral vector containing the SpCas9 gene and two ARNgs. To verify the location with respect to the sarcolemma of truncated dystrophin with or without a correct SLR structure and heptads, we electroporated the Tibialis anterior muscles of mdx/mdx mice with the plasmids encoding the normal or the truncated dystrophin gene fused with the eGFP gene. The results of this experiment show that truncated and normal dystrophins were well localized under sarcolemma. In order to effectively repress the SpCas9 gene and avoid its prolonged expression that may be the basis of random and unexpected (off-target effects) cuts in the genome, we have developed a method of repression called molecular Hara-Kiri. It uses the CinDel method and consists of targeting two regions of the SpCas9 gene with two gRNAs. Recruiting nuclease allows it to cut its own gene (Hara-Kiri). The sequence between the two cleavage sites is deleted. The residues of the SpCas9 gene are then joined by NHEJ generating a TAA stop codon at the junction point. This approach effectively repressed the SpCas9 gene in vitro and in vivo.
Barthélémy, Inès. "Développement d'outils d'évaluation d'un modèle pré-clinique de dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne, le chien GRMD." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630718.
Full textSacconi, Sabrina. "Dystrophie musculaire facio-scapulo-humérale : étude physiopathologique sur myoblastes humains et applications en thérapie cellulaire." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4046.
Full textFSHD is associated to contraction of D4Z4 allele on chromosome 4q35 inducing a deregulation in expression of some proximal genes, including ANT1 and FRG1. We analyzed the biological properties of myoblasts cultured from dystrophic and non dystrophic muscles of FSHD patients and matched controls, together with the gene and protein expression of FRG1 and ANT1, and the splicing pattern of specific pre-RNAs. In contrast with myoblasts derived from non dystrophic territories, myoblasts derived from dystrophic muscles display altered morphology, proliferation and differentiation abilities in vitro and in vivo. Proliferation defect is related to a cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and to premature cell senescence. Interestingly, the degree of dystrophic changes in FSHD muscles correlates with the extent of the abnormalities detected in corresponding cell cultures and with FRG1 and ANT1 gene and protein over-expression. Moreover FRG1 overexpression is associated with aberrant splicing patterns of specific pre-RNAs. Based upon these results we speculate that, in FSHD, heterogeneity of muscle wasting might be related to different susceptibilities of myoblasts to D4Z4 contraction, resulting in differential ANT1 and FRG1 overexpression and aberrant splicing of specific pre-mRNAs. Moreover, a phase I/II clinical trial of autologous myoblast transfer was set up in our Department. The preliminary results will be presented and discussed
Bouazza, Belaid. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes moléculaires de la dystrophie musculaire oculopharyngée : recherche de pistes thérapeutiques." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066118.
Full textHamoudi, Dounia. "Implication de la voie RANK/RANKL/OPG dans la physiopathologie musculaire et potentiel thérapeutique de l’anti-RANKL pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69507.
Full textEl, Khatib Nour. "Identification des mécanismes moléculaires et physiopathologiques impliqués dans la dystrophie facioscapulohumérale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT039.
Full textFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant disease, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy of specific skeletal muscles. FSHD is linked to an inefficient repeat-mediated epigenetic repression of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat array on chromosome 4, resulting in the unappropriated expression in skeletal muscle of the double homeobox 4 (DUX4) retrogene. DUX4 overexpression leads to atrophic myotubes phenotype and dysregulation of antioxidant genes. Despite major progress in the understanding of the genetic locus, exact mechanisms that lead to FSHD defects are not completely understood and no curative treatment is available. However, several lines of evidence have proposed oxidative stress and myogenesis defect as the major biological processes affected in FSHD. Recently, we characterized oxidative stress in skeletal muscle biopsies and blood samples from patients with FSHD. We demonstrated that oxidative stress is associated with reduced physical performance in patients with FSHD and that antioxidants adapted strategy was effective to reduce oxidative stress and maintain muscle functions. Furthermore, satellite cell-derived myoblasts from these patients were more susceptible to pro-oxidant agents than control myoblasts and showed a defect in differentiation. The originality of this project relies on creating a synergy between basic and clinical research. The major goal of this work is to identify molecular mechanisms involved in FSHD oxidative stress in order to identify therapeutic approaches.Using in vitro cell model of FSHD, recently developed and optimized in our team, we demonstrate the presence of oxidative stress in FSHD primary myoblast cultures that corroborates previous observations at systemic and muscular levels. Furthermore, treatments with different pro-oxidant agents (paraquat and hydrogen peroxide) have a differential effect on the expression of antioxidant enzymes compared to controls, suggesting a defect in the oxidative stress adaptive response in FSHD myoblasts.Furthermore, in order to improve rehabilitation procedures for patients affected with FSHD, we proposed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) strength training to counteract quadriceps muscle weakness in these patients. This ongoing study appears to be a promising rehabilitation strategy and shows no adverse effect for patients with FSHD
DEVOISINS, JEAN-MARC. "Myopathie inflammatoire congenitale : a propos d'une observation." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU31096.
Full textBoisserie-Lacroix, Vincent. "Dystrophie musculaire facio-scapulo-humérale de Landouzy-Dejerine chez l'enfant : à propos de trois formes d'évolution péjorative." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR25072.
Full textParé, Hélène. "Aspects biologiques et psychologiques du développement intellectuel et affectif des garçons atteints de dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq26711.pdf.
Full textQuenneville, Simon. "Vers une thérapie génique ex vivo de la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne : approches lentivirale et intégrase PhiC31." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24614/24614.pdf.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked muscle genetic illness that afflicts one boy per 3 500. Cell therapy is a possible cure for this illness that usually kills patients around age 25. Transplantation of the heterologus myogenic cells is, however, restricted by the immune rejection by the patient. Ex vivo gene therapy offers an evasion to this problem. Introduction of the therapeutic gene into the patient’s own myogenic precursor cells, followed by transplantation is the base of this therapeutic. Four years ago, no efficient procedure to stably modify myogenic cells was available. New gene introduction techniques were thus tested in the present thesis. The first one is a non-viral method. We used a new transfection technology (Nucleofection) to introduce plasmid DNA coding for dystrophin with success. To stabilize the expression, human myogenic cells were co-nucleofected with a PhiC31 expressing plasmid. This integrase was capable of stabilising expression plasmids ranging from 7 kb to 21 kb. This very large sequence was the largest plasmid ever stabilised into human primary cultured cells. The presence of full-length dystrophin protein was detected in vitro and confirmed in vivo, after the transplantation of the myogenic precursor. Another technique was used: the lentiviral vectors. These viral vectors were designed to deliver an expression cassette for a truncated version of the dystrophin gene. The viral vector was efficient at modifying the cells. The expression was shown in vitro and in vivo after the transplantation of the modified cells. The lentiviral vectors were also essayed to deliver a U7 exon skipping cassette into DMD cells. It was then possible to demonstrate that this introduction led to the expression of a quasi normal dystrophin protein in vitro. The expression was also shown in vivo after the transplantation into SCID mice model. A non-viral approach combining nucleofection and the PhiC31 integrase may eventually permit safe auto-transplantation of genetically modified cells. The utilisation of lentiviral vectors also provided evidences that an ex vivo gene therapy is possible for DMD. We believe these results are paving the way to an eventual clinical trial for ex vivo gene therapy.
Maltais, Chantale. "Thérapie génique ex vivo de la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne à l'aide de cellules souches pluripotentes induites." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30769/30769.pdf.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary myopathy due to the absence of dystrophin. Among the possible therapies, there is the autologous transplantation of genetically corrected myoblasts derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) of a dystrophic patient. In the first part of my research project, I have transplanted myoblasts differentiated from iPSCs of a DMD patient in the Rag/mdx mouse. These cells had been previously genetically corrected with a lentiviral vector coding for micro-dystrophin, a functional truncated version of dystrophin. The results demonstrated the expression of this micro-dystrophin in some of the hybrid fibers. However, in order to increase the graft success, the protocol of differentiation of hiPSCs in myoblasts must be improved. The second part of my project was the induction of myogenesis from hiPSCs using recombinant proteins. To accomplish this, myogenic transcription factors fused with a cell penetrating peptide were produced and purified from the bacterial system. Their capacity to enter into mesenchymal-like cells in vitro was observed and their effects on the cells are currently under study. Once optimized, these therapeutic approaches could be clinically applied to treat dystrophic patients.
Warnez-Soulie, Julie. "Dystrophie musculaire des ceintures de type 2A : étude de phénomènes inflammatoires et développement d'outils de thérapie génique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0424/document.
Full textPrevious research works showed inflammatory phenomena early in muscles of patients affected with a rare genetic disease called Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). This very same phenomena have been observed in LGMD2A animal models. For these reasons we conducted an animal-oriented study to apprehend these phenomena from its origin to mechanism(s). In parallel of this project, we designed and evaluated two gene therapy tools: one to repair RNA on CAPN3 gene transcript that is responsible of LGMD2A, another one to help muscle cells to produce a functional calpain-3 protein based on an inter molecular compensation with vector expressing domains of calpain 3
Broux, Odile. "Localisation, identification et etude d'un gene responsable d'une forme autosomique recessive de dystrophie musculaire de ceintures (lgmd2e)." Littoral, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DUNK0008.
Full textChaigneau, Anne. "Aspects pragmatiques du langage et dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne : étude comparative des interactions verbales en milieu familial." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT5006.
Full textAgudelo, Daniel. "Développement d'un traitement thérapeutique pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne à l'aide des protéines TALENs ou Cas9." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27455.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an hereditary disease linked to chromosome X. It is mainly caused by the deletion of one or more exons of the DMD gene, which causes a change in the reading frame, obtaining a truncated and inactive protein. Genome editting by TALEN or CRISPR/cas9 systems has become in the recent years a powerfull tool for developing treatments for this type of disease. However, the use of plasmids encoding these systems leads to a prolonged expression, which may increase the off-target risk. Thus, it is important to note that today, viruses vectors remain the most effective delivery system for these plasmids, which always entails a risk of integration into the genome, increasing the probability of side effects for a treatment. In this work, we illustrate the development of a genome edditing treatment for DMD, but using purified protein TALENs or Cas9. These proteins are transduced in order to generate double strand breaks in the genomic DNA. Thus, the correction of this mutation by non-homologous end joining can correct the reading frame of the gene, producing a functional Dystrophin protein, as for Becker patients. Although TALEN proteins show a good activity in vitro, the cut-effectiveness has not been observed in the cells. It would indicate a defect in the protein transduction. However, in the case of CRISPR/cas9 system, we have obtained the expected cleavage products during the transduction with cationic lipids in both cell lines. These results are similar with those obteined when the plasmids coding for both systems were transfected. This indicates that the CRISPR/cas9 system can be used effectively in protein form while targeting a gene specifically. Protein therapy using the CRISPR/cas9 system can be a promising method in order to develop an alternative treatment for genetic diseases. Finally, in order to confirm that this system can be used in vivo, we will soon test it in the hDMD mouse model, containing the complete human DMD gene.