To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: E-commerce marketing mix.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'E-commerce marketing mix'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 23 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'E-commerce marketing mix.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Crlík, Jan. "Dialogové rozhraní pro e-commerce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223323.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis consists of creating marketing strategy for a new e-commerce. Then diploma thesis specifies conditions of foundation of e-commerce and describe single marketing instruments which leads to more efficient selling results of e-commerce.
2
Blahová, Aneta. "Návrh marketingové strategie vybrané společnosti na trhu e-commerce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223887.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I have created a draft marketing strategy for the Fashion category of an In-ternet company together with the analysis of internal and external internet trade. The the-sis includes also a marketing research focused on current customers and their buying be-havior. Specific proposals for changes of the user interface and web marketing mix stra-tegies with a focus on communication strategy of the company are also included. The result of this work are specific suggestions and recommendations which would help the company to achieve its strategic goals.
3
Klega, Ondřej. "Marketingová strategie elektronického obchodu na trhu software." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4049.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis clarifies problems of the marketing strategy in e-commerce. It is generally devote to marketing management of the electronic shop and strategic marketing planning. It describes marketing strategie, their systematization and marketing strategies that can be used by e-shop.
4
Broström, Viktor, and Elena Martinez. "Grönt värdeskapande : En kvalitativ studie om att skapa och förmedla gröna värden inom e-handeln." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-46196.
Full textAbstract:
The impending climate crisis has raised expectations of companies green marketing, at the same time the digital development and the corona pandemic have shifted consumers buying behavior more towards companies’ e-commerce platforms. The underlying problem behind the study is that companies need to create green value that is perceived as real by their consumers and does not generate a negative effect or is misinterpreted for greenwash. Thus, it is important for companies to create real green value for their consumers via their e-commerce platform that in the long run will contribute to profitability, competitiveness and a more environmentally friendly planet. The purpose of the study is to contribute to an increased understanding of how companies in the Swedish retail business can create and convey green value for consumers via their e-commerce platform. The study uses a qualitative multi-case study where data is collected through interviews from five Swedish retail companies. The empirical data was analyzed through a theoretical framework based on the theories of Customer Value Proposition (CVP) and E-commerce Marketing Mix. The study finds that green value should be combined with other more basic values that are crucial for a purchasing decision, where the green value is then perceived as more real. It could also be stated that green value creation differs between companies because it is based on their customer group and the product categories they offer. Thereby, companies start from the consumer's subjective perception in order to understand how they should act in their value creation. Regarding the conveying of green value, it could be stated that companies' messages are perceived as more credible if they are transparent in their communication. Finally, the study presents three elements that companies should consider in their green value creation; (1) that green value can become more autonomous and offer a direct effect that fills the consumer’s needs, (2) to educate and inform consumers to influence their subjective perception of the green value and, (3) to be transparent to show how green value is created as well as what needs to be improved, thereby reducing greenwash.
5
Steklá, Iva. "Internetový marketing elektronického obchodu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224720.
Full textAbstract:
In this master’s thesis I will be dealing with internet marketing for recently established e-shop which sells handbags. In the thesis the theoretical basics will be described, which then will be used as a starting point for creating individual analysis and for the following-up internet marketing strategic concept, so that the realization of this draft could improve the current e-shop situation and to help with boosting thee-shop’s competitive abilities and making the customer awareness of the e-shop better.
6
Sedlák, Radoslav. "Marketingová komunikace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416770.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with the marketing communication of the e-commerce selling food and needs for dogs. The thesis is based on the theoretical knowledge on which the analysis is based. Data from the analysis is then processed and interpreted in order to make communication with the target group more efficient and increase the return on investments inserted into individual communication channels.
7
Zídek, Štěpán. "Návrh změn marketingového mixu internetového obchodu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442342.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with marketing mix of the online store ESHOP TENNIS, s.r.o. The result of the thesis should be, due to theoretical knowledge and analysis of the current situation, proposals for changes of marketing mix for better marketing communication of the company, conversions growth, the number of customers and better company awareness as well. First part is focused to theoretical level of marketing and its communication, second part analyzes current situation of marketing activities and third part comes with proposals to improve current situation, the conditions of their implementation and evaluate the benefits.
8
Toledo, Luciano Augusto. "A internet e o composto de marketing: os casos Banco do Brasil e Unimed Seguros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-23012008-173121/.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar e discutir o uso da Internet no âmbito do Composto de Maketing, com ênfase nos seus aspectos de interdisciplinaridade. O trabalho está estruturado em cinco partes, iniciando-se com uma introdução destinada a contextualizar o objeto e o objetivo do estudo bem como a justificativa da escolha do tema de pesquisa. A segunda parte é dedicada a uma revisão do referencial teórico disponível, mediante uma análise conceitual crítica dos aspectos mais relevantes pertinentes ao tema. A terceira parte trata dos aspectos metodológicos da pesquisa de campo complementar à tese. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada na modalidade de pesquisa exploratória, contemplando um estudo de caso múltiplo. As empresas objeto de investigação foram o Banco do Brasil e a Unimed Seguros. A pesquisa foca especificamente as implicações da Internet no Composto de Marketing das duas organizações. A quarta parte destina-se à apresentação e análise dos resultados da pesquisa empírica. Na quinta parte são apresentadas as considerações finais. Conclui-se que a Internet pode influenciar várias atividades e funções desempenhadas pelas empresas, destacando-se o Marketing e, mais especificamente, o gerenciamento do Composto de Marketing.The study aims to discuss the use of Internet under the Marketing Mix point of view, emphasizing the aspects of their interdisciplinary elements. The study is divided into five parts, and it begins with an introduction dedicated to outline the object and the objective of the study as well as to justify the choice of the research subject. The second part is designed to present a theoretical revision of the literature through to a critical analysis of the main aspects of the theme. The third part is concerned about the methodological aspects of the empirical research that complements the thesis. This research is an exploratory
9
Parracho, Cátia Filipa de Matos. "O comércio eletrónico e a internacionalização das PMEs." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6257.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em MarketingEm Portugal, as grandes empresas não perderam a oportunidade de estar presentes no mercado digital, acompanhando as tendências sociais que fazem com que haja cada vez mais consumidores online. Neste momento, torna-se imperativo que as PMEs optem por integrar o comércio eletrónico na sua estratégia de negócio, aproveitando os benefícios associados à internet. A internacionalização das PMEs é um tema crítico, visto a grande maioria não ter capacidade financeira para atuar em mercados externos de forma sustentada. Contudo, é na internacionalização das pequenas e médias empresas e no aumento das suas exportações que analistas e economistas encontram uma solução para o crescimento da economia nacional. O presente estudo tem como base as questões anteriormente apresentadas, sendo o objetivo estudar as perceções das PMEs portuguesas acerca do impacte do comércio eletrónico nas exportações e identificar, no marketing operacional, quais as adaptações cruciais para o comércio eletrónico contribuir para o crescimento das exportações destas empresas. Foi desenvolvida uma investigação empírica, de caracter exploratório, onde foram estudadas em profundidade nove PMEs portuguesas, selecionadas pelo método de juízo. Os resultados mostram que existem adaptações que são cruciais fazer no marketing-mix, nomeadamente: na notoriedade da marca, na flexibilidade do preço, no estabelecimento de parcerias e na construção de um relacionamento mais próximo com o cliente. Por fim, é também possível concluir que as PMEs portuguesas têm perceções positivas acerca do impacte do comércio eletrónico nas exportações.
In Portugal, the big enterprises don’t waste the opportunity of be present in digital market, following of social trends that take the number of e-consumers increase day after day. In this moment, became imperative that SMEs choose integrate the e-commerce in its business strategy, taking advantage of the benefits associated internet. The internationalization process of SME is a critical theme because the majority of these firms don’t have financial leverage enough to be present in external market, on a sustained way. However, is in SMEs’ internationalization and in increase of its exports that many analysts and economists find one way to developing the national economy. The present study has as starting point questions above, being the purpose analyze the insights of Portuguese SMEs about the impact of e-commerce in exports and identify what are the adjustments required in operational marketing in order that e-com contribute to increase of exports. It was developed one empirical investigation, with exploratory character, where were deeply studied nine SMEs, that compose the judgmental sampling. The results show that exist adjustments that are crucial make in marketing-mix, namely: in brand awareness, in price flexibility, in establish of partnerships and in the building a close relationship with the client. Lastly, is possible conclude as well that the Portuguese SMEs have positive insights about the impact of e-commerce in its exports.
10
Krupka, Radim. "Analýza a návrh marketingové komunikace Košík.cz." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359707.
Full textAbstract:
This Masters thesis deals with the topic of marketing communication. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the theory of marketing, marketing tools, marketing and promotion mix, marketing communication, e-commerce and STDC framework. In the following part of thesis are used the tools and analysis described in the theoretical part and applied on online grocery store Košík.cz. At first there is the application of situation analysis, then application of analysis of marketing mix, current marketing communication analysis and application of SWOT analysis. All points recognized in previous analysis are reconsidered and confirmed through survey and used in proposal of marketing communication based on marketing framework STDC.
11
Popelka, Josef. "Návrh marketingové strategie pro firmu Dixons Carphone Group plc." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225349.
Full textAbstract:
The master thesis deals with the proposal of marketing strategy for Dixons Carphone group plc. company, which her primary business is selling consumer electronics and mobile devices. Further in this thesis are described the essential marketing tools, which are applied on analyzed company. Based on gained results from particular analysis the proposals and suggestions are made.
12
Degefie, Ashenafi Tesema, and Adukwei Allotey Naa. "The Internet and Marketing : A case study of SmartGuy AB. and PostNord AB." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17663.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Title: The Internet and Marketing: A case study of SmartGuy AB. and PostNord AB. Level: D-Level Final Master Thesis in Business Administration Authors: Naa A. Allotey and Ashenafi T. Degefie Supervisor: Professor Akmal Hyder Date: 2013 June Aim: Technology has changed the way businesses are being done specifically in the internet marketing. Even though the growth & development of internet marketing is rapid, many new firms doing e-business are increasing. To make use of this ever increasing opportunity many companies without adequate knowledge and lack of concepts about internet marketing enter into this business that leads into failure. This study examines how businesses use the internet as an effective marketing tool in order to increase business efficiency and survive in the competitive business. The study also identifies the various problems that are affecting the internet marketing business and review possible strategies. Method: The study adopted a qualitative method through a deductive approach. Research questions were developed to gather the data. A semi structured interview was conducted with personnel from Nordpost and SmartGuy. The data was analysed and linked with the theory to provide answers to the research questions. To enhance the richness of the study secondary data sources has been employed in a form of scientific articles, literature, annual reports from the case companies and online sources. Results and Conclusions: The result of this study shows that the rapid development of online marketing makes it imperative for businesses to seriously consider the internet as a marketing tool in order to remain competitive. There is no specific strategy to adopt but firms could develop internet marketing strategies depending on the nature of their business in order to cope up with the ever changing environment. It also identified the difficulties traditional marketers face when integrating internet marketing. The conclusion is that businesses can overcome the barriers affecting Internet marketing if they take time to identify their micro and macro environments and adopt appropriate strategies. Suggestions for future research: Although this study identified that there are some factors affecting the internet marketing and suggested key elements in developing e-marketing strategy, the results of this study and conclusion, to some extent have some limitations. Firstly there are only two case companies investigated which makes it hard to generalize the outcomes. Secondly, current literatures in the area of study were very limited showing that researchers are not really giving time to this all important topic. Thus future research could look more into this subject area, broaden the scope of the investigation to more companies and could also concentrate in the areas where there is a need for a unique strategy development for different internet companies. Future researchers could also look at how the transition from traditional to internet marketing could be made very simple. Contribution of the thesis: The study provides significant insights into the factors affecting internet marketing and e-business strategies that can be adopted to make it an effective marketing tool, a topic often overlooked by published material. Even though there are no specific e-marketing strategies to directly copy or implement, the study suggests specific areas a business should take into consideration while developing the strategy. For businesses, the question of using the internet as a marketing tool should be one of ‘when, why and how’. A well-structured and well thought out business plan which is still applicable is the backbone of any company who is going to be successful in the e-commerce industry.
13
Olderog, Torsten Wirtz Bernd W. "Faktoren des Markterfolges im Online-Handel /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/366399217.pdf.
Full text
14
Oshima, Rosemary Midori Sugita. "MODELAGEM DO AGENTE DE MARKETING NA FASE DE MATCHMAKING NO SISTEMA DE COMÉRCIO INTELIGENTE (ICS) CONSIDERANDO O MIX DE MARKETING." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2008. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/404.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Rosemary_Midori_Sugita_Oshima.pdf: 1740337 bytes, checksum: 39f681f904605fe4ad6f28215b3825db (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-11-21The research presents the modeling of the marketing agent in the phase of matchmaking in the System of Intelligent Commerce (ICS) considering the mix of marketing. The theoretical recital approaches disciplines of marketing, electronic commerce and computer science. The marketing is boarded of form to relate the advances of the technology with the mix of marketing. It is appraised and characterized the electronic marketing. The concept of electronic commerce and the transformation of the marketing are presented. The description of system ICS is made, as well as its architecture and life cycle is presented. The research describes the marketing agent in the ICS. The ontologies, cases of use and diagrams defined from the established scenes are presented as form of electronic marketing. Finally, the research presents the results, the quarrels and contributions.
O trabalho apresenta a modelagem do agente de marketing na fase de matchmaking no sistema de comércio inteligente ICS considerando o mix de marketing. A fundamentação teórica aborda as disciplinas de marketing, comércio eletrônico e ciência da computação. O marketing é abordado de forma a relacionar os avanços da tecnologia com o mix de marketing. É conceituado e caracterizado o marketing eletrônico. São apresentados o conceito de comércio eletrônico e a transformação do marketing. A descrição do sistema ICS é feita, assim como sua arquitetura e ciclo de vida são apresentados. Descreve-se o agente de marketing no ICS. São apresentadas as ontologias, casos de uso e diagramas definidos a partir dos cenários estabelecidos como forma de marketing eletrônico. Por fim, apresenta os resultados, as discussões e contribuições.
15
Křešťák, Filip. "Marketingová strategie produktu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319396.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is dedicated to the problematics of e-shop revitalization. Its main goal is to provide a proposal of an adequate marketing strategy for product lines, offered on the e-shop of selected company, based on performed analyses and research. The thesis is divided into three main chapters which represent theoretical points, analytical part and an original solution proposal. Theoretical framework definition is followed by internal and external environment analysis, which creates prerequisities for the marketing research realization itself. Observed results form a base for suitable marketing strategy design.
16
Purnochová, Jana. "Online propagace malého internetového obchodu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262036.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation titled Online propagation of a small e-commerce is focused on the propagation of the e-commerce on the Internet and on the online communication mix creation. At the beginning it briefly outlines the online marketing theory. The first chapter defines the term marketing and shows its targets, presents communication mix on the Internet, then it describes the czech statistics of the use of the internet and of online promotion. The second chapter is then focused on the application of some forms of propagation to the model e-commerce, which is selling sports clothes. The last part of the dissertation evaluates particular parts of the online communication mix and compares the paid promotion with regard to the orders and to the e-commerce attendance. In the end there are drawn up some recommendations, which could be useful for some similar e-commerces.
17
Pavlíčková, Lucie. "On-line aktivity firmy DERMACOL." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-164057.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes Czech cosmetic company Dermacol in the on-line environment. The crucial goal was to give a compact overview of Dermacol's on-line activities and propose their possible improvement. The theoretical part describes and contrasts the purchase decision process in a traditional store and on the internet. Furthemore, it depicts the evolution of the internet and e-commerce in the Czech Republic. In the next part the situation on the market with decorative cosmetics and Dermacol's position on it is analyzed. Crucial part is dedicated to the on-line tools which are used by Dermacol for its presentation, communication and sale. The recommendations and possible proposals for improvement follow. In the end the thesis deals with a research whose goal was to find out the attitude of the Czech consumers towards decorative cosmetics. Moreover, the research examined the awareness about Dermacol's web and e-hop and the willingness of the Czech women to buy decorative cosmetics via internet.
18
Maštalíř, Roman. "Návrh obchodního modelu pro vývojové studio Touch Art." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223648.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of the thesis is to develop a business model, which will lead to growth of Touch Art developer studio. The focus areas are: improving societal and customer education, creating value networks and leadership development. With these focuses in mind, thesis contains analysis of the environment in which the studio is present, introduction to development topic, clarifying goals and visions, as well as marketing, internal factors and field analyses. The output of this thesis is structured steps and their evaluation, which the development studio needs to undergo to ensure stronger market position.
19
Figge, Stefan. "Innovatives Mobile Marketing : kontextabhängige Kundenansprache mit Hilfe mobiler Portale /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2007. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-2652-5.htm.
Full text
20
Ochoa, Guanilo Diego Alonso, and Murillo Karla Sánchez. "Beneficios y barreras en acciones promocionales de comercio electrónico con relación a la intención de compra del consumidor en el canal minorista de la categoría electrodomésticos en Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653518.
Full textAbstract:
Las acciones promocionales de las diversas plataformas online logran que el usuario considere realizar una compra no esperada. Sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones sienten temor con respecto al método de pago. Por ello, la mayoría de las empresas tienen certificado de protección de datos para que el usuario confíe en el sitio web y realice el proceso de compra.
Estudios anteriores mencionan que las compras generan beneficios de placer a los consumidores online, lo cual hace referencia al valor hedónico. Dichos consumidores son captados por promociones online que incluyen obsequios, puesto que activan los deseos hedónicos. Además, existen usuarios que realizan actividades de compras orientadas a objetivos utilitarios. Dichos consumidores perciben un mayor nivel de riesgo en compras en línea.
Por otro lado, existen barreras en las acciones promocionales, ya que algunos usuarios online no están dispuestos a comprar en línea debido a problemas relacionados con la privacidad de sus datos. A partir de ello, se puede interpretar que el comercio electrónico se puede concretar si los consumidores están satisfechos y se sienten seguros en el canal online.
La investigación está enfocada en los usuarios que compran promociones de la categoría electrodomésticos en las páginas de ecommerce de los supermercados y tiendas por departamento de Lima metropolitana. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo basado en una muestra de 400 participantes, los cuales mediante una encuesta se les evaluará su experiencia online.The promotional actions of the various online platforms make the user consider making an unexpected purchase. However, sometimes they are fearful about the payment method. For this reason, most companies have a data protection certificate so that the user trusts the website and performs the purchase process. Previous studies mention that shopping generates pleasure benefits for online consumers, which refers to hedonic value. These consumers are captured by online promotions that include gifts, since they activate hedonic desires. In addition, there are users who carry out purchasing activities oriented to utilitarian objectives. These consumers perceive a higher level of risk in online purchases. On the other hand, there are barriers in promotional actions, as some online users are not willing to buy online due to problems related to the privacy of their data. From this, it can be interpreted that electronic commerce can be achieved if consumers are satisfied and feel safe in the online channel. The research is focused on users who buy promotions in the household appliances category on the ecommerce pages of supermarkets and department stores in metropolitan Lima. The study is quantitative based on a sample of 400 participants, who through a survey will evaluate their online experience.
Trabajo de investigación
21
Ilg, Markus. "Wissensmanagement mit elektronischen internen Wissensmärkten /." Lohmar [u.a.] : Eul, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2712300&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full text
22
KUBIČKA, Tomáš. "Obchodování na internetu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-153725.
Full textAbstract:
Diploma thesis "E-commerce" aimed to create a suitable solution for marketing mix of the e-shop Levneelektro.cz. Based on performed analyzes I concluded that improvement of a communication with customers is very important for company ELEKTRA PV. I found that a crucial step for maintenance of competitiveness is the foundation of a loyalty program which is responsible for keeping customer loyalty. I have designed two different solutions of the loyalty program that are appropriate for the company.
23
Segura, Cristina Marques. "O estudo do marketing digital versus marketing tradicional e a percepção das suas campanhas por parte dos consumidores no mercado virtual e tradicional." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/4036.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de InformaçãoA presente dissertação foi realizada ao longo do ano lectivo 2007/2008 e pretendeu explorar a questões ligadas aos consumidores virtuais por oposição aos consumidores tradicionais, analisando o impacto dos mercados virtuais no marketing e nos perfis de consumidores. Explorou-se princípios básicos do Marketing e do Web-Marketing e investigou-se o impacto das novas formas de comércio na definição de perfis de consumidores e a inter-relação destes nos modelos de marketing, nomeadamente no modelo dos 4P’s do Marketing Mix. As hipóteses de investigação foram testadas, levando-se a cabo uma metodologia prática de recolha e tratamento de dados, através da elaboração a aplicação de questionários telefónicos. Em termos genéricos, concluiu-se que, para os consumidores, as diferenças de percepção das campanhas de marketing não são assim tão significativas relativamente ao mercado tradicional, apesar de ficar visível a falta de segurança e confiança como factores que inibem o e-commerce e qualquer tipo de transacções virtuais.