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Journal articles on the topic '(e/D); Flow Reynolds number'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Oyewola, Olanrewaju Miracle, Adebunmi Okediji, Olusegun Olufemi Ajide, and Muyiwa Samuel Adaramola. "Examination of Reynolds number effect on the development of round jet flow." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 6 (November 18, 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001872.

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In this study, the Reynolds number effect on the development of round jet flow is presented. The jet is produced from a smoothly contracting round nozzle and the flow structure is controlled by varying the air blower speed in order to obtain various Reynolds numbers (Re). The flow Reynolds number considered varies between 1140 and 9117. Mean velocity measurements were taken using hot-wire probe at different axial and lateral distances (0≤x/d≤50, where x is the downstream distance and d is the nozzle diameter) for the jet flow and at for 0≤x/d≤30 in long pipe attached to the nozzle. Measurement

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2

Oyewola, Olanrewaju Miracle, Adebunmi Okediji, Olusegun Olufemi Ajide, and Muyiwa Samuel Adaramola. "Examination of Reynolds number effect on the development of round jet flow." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 6 (November 18, 2021): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001872.

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In this study, the Reynolds number effect on the development of round jet flow is presented. The jet is produced from a smoothly contracting round nozzle and the flow structure is controlled by varying the air blower speed in order to obtain various Reynolds numbers (Re). The flow Reynolds number considered varies between 1140 and 9117. Mean velocity measurements were taken using hot-wire probe at different axial and lateral distances (0≤x/d≤50, where x is the downstream distance and d is the nozzle diameter) for the jet flow and at for 0≤x/d≤30 in long pipe attached to the nozzle. Measurement

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3

Pirozzoli, Sergio, Paolo Orlandi, and Matteo Bernardini. "The fluid dynamics of rolling wheels at low Reynolds number." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 706 (July 20, 2012): 496–533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.273.

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AbstractWe study the fluid dynamics of rolling wheels at Reynolds number ${\mathit{Re}}_{D} \leq 1000$ (where ${\mathit{Re}}_{D} $ is the Reynolds number based on the wheel diameter), with the objective of characterizing the various regimes of steady and unsteady motion. Regardless of the Reynolds number, the flow is found to separate approximately $1{0}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $ upstream of the apex of the wheel, where a saddle point in the pseudo-streamtrace pattern is observed. Under the flow conditions here essayed, the drag coefficient steadily decreases with ${\mathit{Re}}_{D} $, and the l

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4

Shaikh Sohel Mohd Khalil, Rai Sujit Nath Sahai, Nitin Parashram Gulhane, Khizar Ahmed Pathan, Ajaj Rashid Attar, and Sher Afghan Khan. "Experimental Investigation of Local Nusselt Profile Dissemination to Augment Heat Transfer under Air Jet Infringements for Industrial Applications." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 112, no. 2 (2024): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.112.2.161173.

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An experimental study is presented in this paper to evaluate the enhancement of heat transfer characteristics. This includes the study of a steady air jet impinging on a planar aluminum plate with constant heat flux. Extensive industrial applications of heat transfer include electronic heat sinks, the food industry, automobiles, and heat exchangers. The magnitude of the local Nusselt number along the streamwise direction is determined through detailed experimental computation using the infrared radiometry technique. The range of Reynolds number was selected between 6500 ≤ Re ≤ 15000 and the ai

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Duong, Viet Dung, Van Duc Nguyen, Van Tien Nguyen, and Ich Long Ngo. "Low-Reynolds-number wake of three tandem elliptic cylinders." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (2022): 043605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086685.

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The flow around three elliptic cylinders with equal spacing and aspect ratio in tandem arrangements was numerically investigated through direct numerical simulation. The spacing ratio ( L/ D, where D and L are the major axis and the center-to-center distance of two adjacent elliptic cylinders, respectively) ranging from 1.5 to 10 and the Reynolds numbers of [Formula: see text] (based on D) are examined. The analysis aims at the effects of L/ D and Re on wake structures, hydrodynamic forces, and Strouhal numbers and correlates them with the underlying flow physics. The flow is highly changeable

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Alabas Siba, Mohamed Abed, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Mohd Zaki Nuawi, and Rasidi Rasani. "Numerical Investigation of 3-D Turbulent Flow in Orifice Plate within a Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.27.

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A numerical study of the turbulent flow in an orifice plate within a pipe is carried out by utilizing the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The governing equations are solved using primitive variables with a finite volume method (FVM) and simulated using the finite volume based commercial CFD code ANSYS. The study investigates the influences of Reynolds numbers (Re = 5000, 10000, and 15000) and aspect ratio (β = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5), on the flow characteristics, i.e. the velocity profile, the differential pressure, and the vorticity, and on the mechanical properties, i.e. the strain, the stress, an

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7

Gao, Yang-yang, Chang-shan Yin, Hao-qiang Zhang, Kang Yang, Xi-zeng Zhao, and Zhilin Sun. "Numerical Study on Flow around Four Square-Arranged Cylinders at Low Reynolds Numbers." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6381256.

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In this paper, numerical simulations of flow past four square-arranged cylinders are carried out at different spacing ratios (1.5≤L/D≤5.0; L is the center to center distance; D is the cylinder diameter) and Reynolds numbers (100≤Re≤1000). The effects of spacing ratio and Reynolds number on the wake flow characteristics are investigated, such as the instantaneous vorticity contours, force coefficients, and vortex shedding frequencies. The results show that the flow characteristics behind the four-cylinder cases are significantly affected by the spacing ratios and Reynolds numbers. At the same s

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8

Sakamoto, H., and H. Haniu. "A Study on Vortex Shedding From Spheres in a Uniform Flow." Journal of Fluids Engineering 112, no. 4 (1990): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909415.

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Vortex shedding from spheres at Reynolds numbers from 3 × 102 to 4 × 104 in a uniform flow was investigated experimentally. Standard hot-wire technique were used to measure the vortex shedding frequency from spheres in a low-speed wind tunnel. Flow-visualization experiments were carried out in a water channel. Important results from the investigation were that (i) the variation of the Strouhal number St (=fD/U0, U0: freestream velocity, D: diameter of the sphere, f: vortex shedding frequency) with the Reynolds number (= U0D/v, v: kinematic viscosity) can be classified into four regions, (ii) t

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9

Alabas Siba, Mohamed Abed, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Mohd Zaki Nuawi, Rasidi Rasani, and Mohamed Nassir. "Investigation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3-D Turbulent Flow in Orifice Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (January 2016): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.330.

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The turbulent flow in orifice plate was investigated and solved numerically using 3-D Navier-Stockes (N-S) equations by employing commercial CFD code ANSYS. The N-S equations were solved for unsteady flow of an orifice plate at different values of Reynolds number, Re=ρVDμ, and different aspect ratios, β=dorificedpipe. Physical parameters such as velocity, differential pressure, and vorticity and mechanical properties such as stress, strain, and total deformation were examined for Reynolds numbers of 10000, 20000, and 30000 and at aspect ratios β of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6. It was found that as Reyno

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10

Popiel, C. O., and D. F. van der Merwe. "Friction Factor In Sine-Pipe Flow." Journal of Fluids Engineering 118, no. 2 (1996): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817383.

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Measurements of pressure losses in a sine-waved hydraulically smooth pipe, having a centerline described by the formula y = h sin (2πx/λ), are presented. The effect of the dimensionless wave-length (λ/d) and amplitude (h/d) on the Darcy friction factor was investigated in the range of the Reynolds number from about 100 to 10 000, and in the ranges of wavelength from λ/d = 17.7 to 150 and amplitude from h/d = 1.5 to 32. The Dean number, based on the minimum radius of the sine-waved centerline curvature, below which the influence of the sine-pipe shape in comparison to the straight tube was not

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11

Yin, G., Y. Zhang, and M. C. Ong. "Numerical investigations of flow around subsea covers at high Reynolds numbers." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1201, no. 1 (2021): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1201/1/012013.

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Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations of flow over wall-mounted rectangular and trapezoidal ribs subjected to a turbulent boundary layer flow with the normalized boundary layer thickness of δ/D = 0.73,1.96,2.52 (D is the height of the ribs) have been carried out by using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations combined with the k – ω SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model. The angles of the two side slopes of trapezoidal rib varies from 0° to 60°. The Reynolds number based on the free-stream velocity U ∞ and D are 1 × 106 and 2 × 106. The results obtained from

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12

Ran, Danjie, Jijian Lian, Xiang Yan, et al. "Flow-Induced Motion and Energy Conversion of the Cir-T-Att Oscillator in a Flow Field with a High Reynolds Number." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 4 (2023): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040795.

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The present study aims to systematically investigate the effects of a high Reynolds number on the flow-induced motion and energy conversion of the Cir-T-Att oscillator. Experiments are conducted in six Reynolds number ranges (2.89 × 104~6.51 × 104 < Re < 7.71 × 104~15.21 × 104) in regimes of TrSL2, TrSL3 and TrBL0. The system total damping ratio (ζtotal) is adjusted by varying excitation voltages (VB) with a controllable magnetic damping system. The VB is varied from 0 V to 165 V, corresponding to 0.082 ≤ ζtotal ≤ 1.153. The amplitude, frequency, fluid force, spectral content, active pow

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13

Sewatkar, C. M., Rahul Patel, Atul Sharma, and Amit Agrawal. "Flow around six in-line square cylinders." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 710 (September 3, 2012): 195–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.359.

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AbstractThe flow around six in-line square cylinders has been studied numerically and experimentally for $0. 5\leq s/ d\leq 10. 0$ and $80\leq \mathit{Re}\leq 320$, where $s$ is the surface-to-surface distance between two cylinders, $d$ is the size of the cylinder and $\mathit{Re}$ is the Reynolds number. The effect of spacing on the flow regimes is initially studied numerically at $\mathit{Re}= 100$ for which a synchronous flow regime is observed for $0. 5\leq s/ d\leq 1. 1$, while quasi-periodic-I, quasi-periodic-II and chaotic regimes occur between $1. 2\leq s/ d\leq 1. 3$, $1. 4\leq s/ d\l

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14

Bailey, S. C. C., and B. M. Witte. "On the universality of local dissipation scales in turbulent channel flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 786 (December 1, 2015): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.664.

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Well-resolved measurements of the small-scale dissipation statistics within turbulent channel flow are reported for a range of Reynolds numbers from $Re_{{\it\tau}}\approx 500$ to 4000. In this flow, the local large-scale Reynolds number based on the longitudinal integral length scale is found to poorly describe the Reynolds number dependence of the small-scale statistics. When a length scale based on Townsend’s attached-eddy hypothesis is used to define the local large-scale Reynolds number, the Reynolds number scaling behaviour was found to be more consistent with that observed in homogeneou

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15

Canbazoğlu, Suat, and Fazıl Canbulut. "A note on the flow coefficients of capillary tube and small orifice restrictors exposed to very low Reynolds number flow." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 57, no. 3 (2005): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00368790510595084.

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PurposeThe main objective of this study was to obtain the flow restricting capacity by determining their flow coefficients and to investigate the unsteady flow with low Reynolds number in the flow‐restricting devices such as orifices and capillary tubes having small diameters.Design/methodology/approachThere is an enormous literature on the flow of Newtonian fluids through capillaries and orifices particularly in many application fields of the mechanical and chemical engineering. But most of the experimental results in literature are given for steady flows at moderate and high Reynolds numbers

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16

Erturk, Ercan, and Tofigh Allahviranloo. "Bifurcation and Multiplicity of Solutions of the Navier–Stokes Equations in Driven Semi-Elliptical Cavity Flow." Mathematics 10, no. 22 (2022): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10224242.

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In this paper, bifurcations in the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations are studied and multiple solutions of the driven semi-elliptical cavity flow are presented. The two-dimensional steady incompressible driven viscous flow in a semi-elliptical cavity is solved numerically. To this end, the problem is formulated using an elliptic coordinate system that transforms the geometry conformally and provides a body fitted coordinate system. The presented results show that above a bifurcation Reynolds number the solution of the governing flow equations bifurcates and there exist multiple solutions

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17

Zhu, Wei Bin, Jin Long Meng, and Zhao Qin Yin. "3-D Numerical Simulation and Analysis on V-Cone Flowmeter Based on LES Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.408.

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The rear pressure measurement position of V-cone flowmeter is in the complex vortex structure area after fluid around the cone. The non-uniformity of the fluid field will influence the measurement precision of V-cone flowmeter. Large eddy simulation (LES) has been used to study the V-cone flowmeter’s 3-D flow field structure with different Reynolds number in this paper. The better fluid area information can gain by this way. The results show that the values of discharge coefficient (Cd) obtained from LES are more close to the experiment data than the values obtained from k-ε model. Different t

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18

Sarah Rabee Nashee and Haiyder Minin Hmood. "Numerical Study of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow over Circular Cylinders in 2D Cross Flow." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 30, no. 2 (2023): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.30.2.216224.

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Among the many experiments Which deals with the study of the characteristics of flow, a numerical study of flow air (Pr=0.71) crosses a circular cylinder is conducted. Variations in flow and thermal characteristics such as average Nusselt number, local pressure coefficient and drag coefficient are presented around the cylinders for Reynold numbers ranging from 100 to 5000 by solving the incompressible two-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes and energy equations. Commercial software package FLUENT 19 is applied to solve the equations. The diameter of the circle is D = 20 mm, the width is 20 time

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19

Zhang, Xiang, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. "Numerical Simulation of Fountain Formation due to Normal and Inclined Twin-Jet Impingement on Ground." Fluids 5, no. 3 (2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5030132.

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The goal of this paper is to study numerically the flow physics of a fountain formed by twin-jet impingement on ground. The incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with realizable k-ε and WA (Wray-Agarwal) turbulence model are employed in the numerical simulations with ANSYS Fluent. A series of numerical simulations for straight and inclined fountain formations are conducted by changing the geometric and flow parameters of twin jets and distance between them. The changes in parameters include variations in the jet Reynolds number from 2 × 104 to 8 × 104, impingement hei

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20

Apsilidis, Nikolaos, Panayiotis Diplas, Clinton L. Dancey, and Polydefkis Bouratsis. "Time-resolved flow dynamics and Reynolds number effects at a wall–cylinder junction." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 776 (July 13, 2015): 475–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.341.

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This study investigated the physics of separated turbulent flows near the vertical intersection of a flat wall with a cylindrical obstacle. The geometry imposes an adverse pressure gradient on the incoming boundary layer. As a result, flow separates from the wall and reorganizes to a system of characteristic flow patterns known as the horseshoe vortex. We studied the time-averaged and instantaneous behaviour of the turbulent horseshoe vortex using planar time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TRPIV). In particular, we focused on the effect of Reynolds number based on the diameter of the obs

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21

Popiel, C. O., and J. Wojtkowiak. "Friction Factor in U-Type Undulated Pipe Flow." Journal of Fluids Engineering 122, no. 2 (2000): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483253.

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Measurements of pressure losses in a U-type undulated hydraulically smooth wall pipe, having constant radius curvature, are presented. The effect of the dimensionless curvature radius 2R/d on the Darcy friction factor was investigated in the range of the Reynolds number from about 50 to 10,000 and for the dimensionless pipe curvature radiuses 2R/d=6.62, 7.95, 11.13, 16.03, 22.58, and 27.85. A smooth transition from laminar to turbulent region in the friction factor versus Reynolds number plot, typical for curved pipe flows, was observed. The experimental data were correlated with the relativel

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22

Nourmohammadi, Khosrow, P. K. Hopke, and J. J. Stukel. "Turbulent Air Flow Over Rough Surfaces: II. Turbulent Flow Parameters." Journal of Fluids Engineering 107, no. 1 (1985): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242440.

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The objective of the present study was to examine experimentally the turbulent flow structure in a repeated rib geometry rough wall surface as a function of the ratio of the roughness height to the pipe diameter (K/D), the ratio of the spacing between the elements to the roughness height (P/K), the axial position within a rib cycle, and the Reynolds number. For small P/K values, the turbulent intensities and Reynolds shear stress variations were similar to those found for smooth wall pipe flow. Unique relationships for the u′ and v′ were found that were valid in the outer layer of the flow for

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Xu, Zhun, Shiqiang Wu, Xiufeng Wu, et al. "Analysis of Flow Characteristics around a Square Cylinder with Boundary Constraint." Water 15, no. 8 (2023): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15081507.

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Based on the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the finite volume method and structured multigrid, the flow characteristics around a square cylinder with boundary constraint are analysed. The gap ratio G/D (G is the distance from the cylinder to the channel boundary, and D is the side length of the square cylinder) does not change the four flow patterns. Under the laminar vortex street phase, the boundary constraint only reduces the scale of the vortices. The vortex centres are pressed toward the boundaries of the channel, and a low velocity zone is formed near the boundary, but the law of

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24

Dong, Jia, Xianrui Shi, and Genhua Yan. "Effect of Flow Interference between Cylinders Subjected to a Cross Flow over a Cluster of Three Equally Spaced Cylinders." Water 16, no. 15 (2024): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16152165.

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In this paper, flow over a cluster of three equally spaced circular cylinders was studied by numerical simulation based on the turbulence model k-kl-ω for two incidence angles β = 0° and 60°, at different Reynolds numbers, and flow interference pattern characteristics between cylinders, characteristics of force parameters, and Strouhal number of each cylinder with different spacing ratios ranging from 1.5 to 4 at Re 8 × 104, 2 × 105 and 2 × 106 were obtained. Analyzing the flow field around three cylinders, the following results have been obtained: (1) at incidence angle β = 0° and 60°, the wa

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25

Ghobadi, Behzad, Farshad Kowsary, and Farzad Veysi. "Optimization of heat transfer and pressure drop of the channel flow with baffle." High Temperature Materials and Processes 40, no. 1 (2021): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2021-0030.

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Abstract In this article, the numerical analysis has been carried out to optimize heat transfer and pressure drop in the horizontal channel in the presence of a rectangular baffle and constant temperature in two-dimension. For this aim, the governing differential equation has been solved by computational fluid dynamics software. The Reynolds numbers are in the range of 2,000 < Re < 10,000 and the working fluid is water. While the periodic boundary condition has been applied at the inlet, outlet, and the channel wall, axisymmetric boundary condition has been used for channel axis. For mod

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26

Sarout, Yuvraj, Md Islam, Yap Fatt, and Isam Janajreh. "Flow around an Oscillating Cylinder at Low Reynolds Number with Forced Convection: Effect of Corner Radius and Reynolds Number." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 9145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239145.

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This numerical study investigated the flow-induced vibration (FIV) on non-heated and heated cylinders with different normalized corner radii (r*) at different Reynolds numbers (Re). Four different values of r* were considered (i.e., 0 (square cylinder), 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 (circular cylinder)) at three different Re: 100, 150, and 200 within the laminar regime. The cylinder constrained in the axial direction and oscillated transversally was considered for a fixed nondimensional cylinder mass (m*) of 10 and a reduced velocity (Ur) of 4.92. The effect of r* and Re could be seen in the vibration mo

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27

Jones, Wesley B., and David Montgomery. "Finite amplitude steady states of high Reynolds number 2-D channel flow." Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 73, no. 3 (1994): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(94)90159-7.

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Choueiri, George H., and Stavros Tavoularis. "Experimental investigation of flow development and gap vortex street in an eccentric annular channel. Part 2. Effects of inlet conditions, diameter ratio, eccentricity and Reynolds number." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 768 (March 6, 2015): 294–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.90.

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The development and structure of flows in eccentric annular channels and their dependence on inlet conditions, inner-to-outer diameter ratio $d/D$, eccentricity $e=2{\rm\Delta}y/(D-d)$, where ${\rm\Delta}y$ is the distance between the axes of the inner and outer cylinders, and Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}$, based on the hydraulic diameter and the bulk velocity, were studied experimentally, with focus on the phenomena of gap instability and the resulting vortex street. Experimental conditions covered a Reynolds number range between 0 and 19 000, an eccentricity range from 0 to 0.9 and inner-to-

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Gallet, Basile, and Charles R. Doering. "Exact two-dimensionalization of low-magnetic-Reynolds-number flows subject to a strong magnetic field." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 773 (May 20, 2015): 154–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.232.

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We investigate the behaviour of flows, including turbulent flows, driven by a horizontal body force and subject to a vertical magnetic field, with the following question in mind: for a very strong applied magnetic field, is the flow mostly two-dimensional, with remaining weak three-dimensional fluctuations, or does it become exactly 2-D, with no dependence along the vertical direction? We first focus on the quasi-static approximation, i.e. the asymptotic limit of vanishing magnetic Reynolds number, $\mathit{Rm}\ll 1$: we prove that the flow becomes exactly 2-D asymptotically in time, regardles

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Alam, Muhammad Kamran, Khadija Bibi, Aamir Khan, Unai Fernandez-Gamiz, and Samad Noeiaghdam. "The Effect of Variable Magnetic Field on Viscous Fluid between 3-D Rotatory Vertical Squeezing Plates: A Computational Investigation." Energies 15, no. 7 (2022): 2473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072473.

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In this paper, the 3-D squeezing flow of viscous incompressible fluid between two parallel plates rotating at the same rate is investigated. The flow is observed under the influence of the varying magnetic field. The flow phenomena are modeled by utilizing the basic governing equations, i.e., equation of continuity, coupled Navier Stokes, and Magnetic Field equations. Using appropriate similarity transformations, the resultant partial differential equations are then transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations. The computational technique is developed via the Homotopy Analysis

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Rosenthal, G. N., and J. F. A. Sleath. "Measurements of lift in oscillatory flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 164 (March 1986): 449–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211208600263x.

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Measurements are reported of the lift on a sphere in oscillatory flow. Two different oscillating-tray rigs were used and measurements were made for a sphere at various distances from both smooth and rough beds. For the rough bed, the roughness consisted of a single close-packed layer of similar spheres glued to the surface of the tray. Both smooth and rough beds showed somewhat similar trends. At sufficiently low Reynolds numbers the lift varied smoothly during the course of the cycle with maxima near the point at which fluid velocity was greatest and minima near velocity reversal. However, at

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Lindau, Jules W., Robert F. Kunz, David A. Boger, David R. Stinebring, and Howard J. Gibeling. "High Reynolds Number, Unsteady, Multiphase CFD Modeling of Cavitating Flows." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 3 (2002): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1487360.

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A preconditioned, homogeneous, multiphase, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes model with mass transfer is presented. The model is preconditioned in order to obtain good convergence and accuracy regardless of phasic density ratio or flow velocity. Engineering relevant validative unsteady two and three-dimensional results are given. A demonstrative three-dimensional, three-field (liquid, vapor, noncondensable gas) transient is also presented. In modeling axisymmetric cavitators at zero angle-of-attack with 3-D unsteady RANS, significant asymmetric flow features are obtained. In comparison with axis

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Nakabayashi, Koichi, and Osami Kitoh. "Low Reynolds number fully developed two-dimensional turbulent channel flow with system rotation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 315 (May 25, 1996): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096002303.

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Theoretical and experimental studies have been performed on fully developed twodimensional turbulent channel flows in the low Reynolds number range that are subjected to system rotation. The turbulence is affected by the Coriolis force and the low Reynolds number simultaneously. Using dimensional analysis, the relevant parameters of this flow are found to be Reynolds number Re* = u*D/v (u* is the friction velocity, D the channel half-width) and Ωv/u2* (Ω is the angular velocity of the channel) for the inner region, and Re* and ΩD/u* for the core region. Employing these parameters, changes of s

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Wu, Zhao, Tamer A. Zaki, and Charles Meneveau. "High-Reynolds-number fractal signature of nascent turbulence during transition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 7 (2020): 3461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916636117.

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Transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurring over a smooth surface is a particularly important route to chaos in fluid dynamics. It often occurs via sporadic inception of spatially localized patches (spots) of turbulence that grow and merge downstream to become the fully turbulent boundary layer. A long-standing question has been whether these incipient spots already contain properties of high-Reynolds-number, developed turbulence. In this study, the question is posed for geometric scaling properties of the interface separating turbulence within the spots from the outer flow. For high-R

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Riahi, A., and P. G. Hill. "Turbulent Swirling Flow in Short Cylindrical Chambers." Journal of Fluids Engineering 115, no. 3 (1993): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910158.

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Turbulent swirling flow in a short closed cylindrical chamber has been measured with laser Doppler anemometry. The swirl was generated by a rotating roughened disk and measured during steady and transient conditions with a smooth disk. The velocity and turbulence fields were found to be strongly dependent on swirl Reynolds numbers (in the range 0.3 × 106 < ΩR2/v < 0.6 × 106) and on chamber length-to-diameter ratio (in the range 0.1 ≤ L/D ≤ 0.5). With a roughened disk the flow was nearly independent of Reynolds number though still strongly dependent on chamber length-to-diameter ratio.

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36

Hanoon, Murtadha, Mohsen Fagr, and Kamaal Mekki. "Flow and heat transfer augmentation using helical coiled wire of different cross-sections." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 18, no. 2 (2025): 202–10. https://doi.org/10.30772/qjes.2024.145936.1081.

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In this numerical investigation, the effectiveness of utilizing advanced helical coiled wires (HCWs) as tube inserts for the purpose of heat transfer and turbulence enhancement under turbulent flow conditions (Reynolds numbers: 3000-11000) was examined. HCW followed a helical guide path instead of a straight one in a typical coiled wire case, resulting in increased flow complexity. Circular and equilateral triangular wires, maintaining equal cross-sectional areas, were tested, with pitch ratios (P/D) being 1, 1.5, and 2. Simulation was performed using ANSYS Fluent 22, the working fluid conside

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Wu, Ying, Fue-Sang Lien, Eugene Yee, and Guang Chen. "Numerical Investigation of Flow-Induced Vibration for Cylinder-Plate Assembly at low Reynolds Number." Fluids 8, no. 4 (2023): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8040118.

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The transverse flow-induced vibration (FIV) of an elastically-supported cylinder-plate assembly (viz., a rigid splitter-plate attached to the downstream side of a circular cylinder) with a low mass ratio of 10 and zero structural damping is investigated using numerical simulations at a Reynolds number of 100. The structural oscillations and characteristics of the flow around the structure are analyzed in terms of the vibration characteristics and the fluid forces as a function of the plate length LSP and the reduced velocity Ur. These investigations involve a wide range of plate lengths LSP/D

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38

Park, Doohyun, and Kyung-Soo Yang. "Flow instabilities in the wake of a rounded square cylinder." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 793 (March 23, 2016): 915–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.156.

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Instabilities in the flow past a rounded square cylinder have been numerically studied in order to clarify the effects of rounding the sharp edges of a square cylinder on the primary and secondary instabilities associated with the flow. Rounding the edges was done by inscribing a quarter circle of radius $r$ in each edge of a square cylinder of height $d$. Nine cases of rounding were considered, ranging from a square cylinder ($r/d=0$) to a circular cylinder ($r/d=0.5$) with an increment of 0.0625. Each cross-section was numerically implemented in a Cartesian grid system by using an immersed b

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Said, S. A. M., M. A. Habib, and M. O. Iqbal. "Heat transfer to pulsating turbulent flow in an abrupt pipe expansion." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 13, no. 3 (2003): 286–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09615530310464517.

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A numerical investigation aimed at understanding the flow and heat transfer characteristics of pulsating turbulent flow in an abrupt pipe expansion was carried out. The flow patterns are classified by four parameters; the Reynolds number, the Prandtl number, the abrupt expansion ratio and the pulsation frequency. The influence of these parameters on the flow was studied in the range 104<Re<5×104, 0.7<Pr<7.0, 0.2<d/D<0.6 and 5<f<35. It was found that the influence of pulsation on the mean time‐averaged Nusselt number is insignificant (around 10 per cent increase) for flu

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Ford, C. L., and P. M. Winroth. "On the scaling and topology of confined bluff-body flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 876 (August 13, 2019): 1018–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.583.

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An experimental study of bluff bodies in confinement is presented. Two Reynolds matched rigs (pipe diameters: $D=40~\text{mm}$ and $D=194~\text{mm}$) are used to derive a picture of the flow topology of the primary-shedding mode (Kármán vortex, mode-I). Confined bluff bodies create an additional spectral mode (mode-II). This is caused by the close coupling of the shedder blockage and the wall and is unique to the confined bluff-body problem. Under certain conditions, modes-I and II can interact, resulting in a lock-on, wherein the modes cease to exist at independent frequencies. The topologica

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Mishra, Abhishek, Lyazid Djenidi, and Amit Agrawal. "Flow characterization in the uphill region of pulsed oblique round jet." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (2022): 035113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0084329.

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An experimental study to investigate the effect of jet pulsations on the wall jet development in the uphill region of an obliquely inclined round water jet has been performed using particle image velocimetry technique. The study has been performed at a constant nozzle to target wall distance, L/D = 4 (D is the diameter of the nozzle) by varying the jet impingement angle [Formula: see text]), Reynolds numbers (ReD = 1900 and 3280; based on nozzle diameter and average nozzle exit velocity Uavg), and Strouhal number (0 ≤ St ≤ 0.9; [Formula: see text], where f is the frequency of external pulsatio

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Ge, Liang, S. Casey Jones, Fotis Sotiropoulos, Timothy M. Healy, and Ajit P. Yoganathan. "Numerical Simulation of Flow in Mechanical Heart Valves: Grid Resolution and the Assumption of Flow Symmetry." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 5 (2003): 709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1614817.

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A numerical method is developed for simulating unsteady, 3-D, laminar flow through a bileaflet mechanical heart valve with the leaflets fixed. The method employs a dual-time-stepping artificial-compressibility approach together with overset (Chimera) grids and is second-order accurate in space and time. Calculations are carried out for the full 3-D valve geometry under steady inflow conditions on meshes with a total number of nodes ranging from 4×105 to 1.6×106. The computed results show that downstream of the leaflets the flow is dominated by two pairs of counter-rotating vortices, which orig

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Jedsadaratanachai, Withada, Nuthvipa Jayranaiwachira, and Pongjet Promvonge. "Computational Investigation on Fully Developed Periodic Laminar Flow Structure in Baffled Circular Tube with Various BR." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/735905.

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This paper presents a 3D numerical analysis of fully developed periodic laminar flow in a circular tube fitted with 45° inclined baffles with inline arrangement. The computations are based on a finite volume method, and the SIMPLE algorithm has been implemented. The characteristics of fluid flow are presented for Reynolds number, Re = 100–1000, based on the hydraulic diameter (D) of the tube. The angled baffles were repeatedly inserted at the middle of the test tube with inline arrangement to generate vortex flows over the tested tube. Effects of different Reynolds numbers and blockage ratios

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Cheng, W., D. I. Pullin, and R. Samtaney. "Large-eddy simulation of flow over a grooved cylinder up to transcritical Reynolds numbers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 835 (November 27, 2017): 327–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.767.

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We report wall-resolved large-eddy simulation (LES) of flow over a grooved cylinder up to the transcritical regime. The stretched-vortex subgrid-scale model is embedded in a general fourth-order finite-difference code discretization on a curvilinear mesh. In the present study $32$ grooves are equally distributed around the circumference of the cylinder, each of sinusoidal shape with height $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$, invariant in the spanwise direction. Based on the two parameters, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}/D$ and the Reynolds number $Re_{D}=U_{\infty }D/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ where $U_{\infty }$

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Lynch, Kyle P., and Brian S. Thurow. "3-D flow visualization of axisymmetric jets at Reynolds number 6,700 and 10,200." Journal of Visualization 15, no. 4 (2012): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12650-012-0141-2.

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Lee, S. H., and Tzuyin Wu. "Drag Force on a Sphere Moving in Low-Reynolds-Number Pipe Flows." Journal of Mechanics 23, no. 4 (2007): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100001477.

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AbstractIn this paper, the drag force on a sphere moving constantly along the centerline of a circular pipe filled with viscous fluid (the falling-sphere problem) under low Reynolds number condition is investigated via numerical calculation. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are formulated in a pseudocompressibility form. The numerical scheme makes use of finite-volume method and the numerical flux terms are evaluated using the Total-Variation Diminishing (TVD) strategy commonly applied to the compressible flow. Steady solution is obtained by marching (iterating) in time until the art

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Wang, Jingyu, Jian Yang, Long Li, Pei Qian, and Qiuwang Wang. "Numerical simulation and circuit network modelling of flow distributions in 2-D array configurations." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 1987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci171230256w.

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Packing configuration is widely used in chemical industries such as chemical re-action and chromatograph where the flow distribution has a significant effect on the performance of heat and mass transfer. In the present paper, numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the fluid-flow in three 2-D array configurations including in-line array, staggered array and hexagonal array. Meanwhile, a simplified equivalent circuit network model based on the Voronoi tessellation is proposed to simulate the flow models. It is found that firstly, the local Reynolds number could be used as a criterion

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48

RAO, YONG, YUSHAN NI, and CHAOFENG LIU. "FLOW EFFECT AROUND TWO SQUARE CYLINDERS ARRANGED SIDE BY SIDE USING LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics C 19, no. 11 (2008): 1683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183108013217.

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The flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side has been investigated through lattice Boltzmann method under different Reynolds numbers and various space ratios (s = d/D, d is the separation distance between two cylinders, D is the characteristic length) from 1.0, 1.1 to 2.7, including 18 space ratios. It is found that the flip-flop regime occurs at small space ratios and the synchronized regime occurs at large space ratios. Wide and narrow wakes at small spacing are formed and intermittently change behind the cylinders, and the biased flow in the gap is bistable. The frequency of v

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49

Brkić, Dejan, and Žarko Ćojbašić. "Intelligent Flow Friction Estimation." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5242596.

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Nowadays, the Colebrook equation is used as a mostly accepted relation for the calculation of fluid flow friction factor. However, the Colebrook equation is implicit with respect to the friction factor (λ). In the present study, a noniterative approach using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was developed to calculate the friction factor. To configure the ANN model, the input parameters of the Reynolds Number (Re) and the relative roughness of pipe (ε/D) were transformed to logarithmic scales. The 90,000 sets of data were fed to the ANN model involving three layers: input, hidden, and output lay

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Nordin, Normayati, Zainal Ambri Abdul Karim, Safiah Othman, and Vijay R. Raghavan. "Effect of Varying Inflow Reynolds Number on Pressure Recovery and Flow Uniformity of 3-D Turning Diffuser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.422.

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Various diffuser types characterized by the geometry are introduced in the flow line to recover the energy. A 3-D turning diffuser is a type of diffuser that its cross-section diffuses in all 3 directions of axes, i.e. x, y and z. In terms of applicability, a 3-D turning diffuser offers compactness and more outlet-inlet configurations over a 2-D turning diffuser. However, the flow within a 3-D turning diffuser is expected to be more complex which susceptible to excessive losses. As yet there is no established guideline that can be referred to choose a 3-D turning diffuser with an optimum perfo

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