Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'E-mail use'

Among the various communication technologies that are used in organizations, e-mail has been a dominant communication medium in the modern workplace. The purpose of the current study is to examine how individuals' work group identification influences their perceptions of e-mail use in organizations based on social identity theory. This project examines how individuals' work group identification predicts their perception of an organizational worker's communication competence. Independent-samples t test and multiple regression analysis were adopted to examine the hypotheses and research question. Data was collected using an online questionnaire to report participant perception of communicator competence in hypothetical e-mails, in regard to high-flaming/low-flaming messages and from an ingroup/outgroup member. Participants consisted of 211 people who have more than one year of work experience and use their individual e-mail accounts for communicating with other employees in the same organization. The findings indicated that participants perceived a higher level of conversational effectiveness in an e-mail with a low-flaming message from an ingroup member. Work group identification, sex, and age predicted perceived communication competence in an e-mail with a low-flaming message from an ingroup member, while work group identification (only for conversational appropriateness) and sex negatively predicted perceived communication competence in an e-mail with a high-flaming message from an outgroup member. This empirical research contributes to the development of innovative approaches to workplace e-mail communication studies.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 57 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-51).

The use of email as a communication and information sharing medium in large, complex, globally distributed engineering projects is widespread; yet there exists little understanding of the content of the emails exchanged and the implications of this content on the design project, design records and contracts. The importance of these issues is underlined by the fact that email records can now be required as evidence in legal disputes. It follows that the overall aim of this research is to assess the role and use of email in engineering design projects. A state-of-the-art review of literature pertaining to email is reported, along with a review of information and communication processes in engineering design projects. The primary contribution of this thesis is the creation of a content based approach for analysing the role and use of email in engineering design projects. This centres on the development and application of a coding scheme to email text, identifying what subject matter an email relates to, why it was sent, and how its content is expressed. Results are then analysed with respect to the frequencies of each code and other variables, including how coding varies between different senders and throughout the project duration. The second key contribution of this thesis is the analysis of emails and content in an engineering setting by applying the aforementioned approach to two case studies. The major case study concerned a large, complex, globally distributed, multimillion pound systems engineering project, from which 16 000 emails were obtained. It was found that emails are mainly used to transfer information but also to support management functions. Emails facilitate design work but little of this takes place explicitly in the email content. Characteristics of a project affect the subject matter or emails but have little effect on why they are sent. User roles and personal preferences also influence email use. If was found that the purposes for sending emails varied over the duration of a project; it was further determined that these changes could be used to identify project progress and design activity. Implications of the findings are identified in relation to: information management, knowledge management, project management, collaboration and email practice. Significantly, emails do contain potentially important design information and because these often support decisions made elsewhere, emails should be integrated with wider records. More consideration and training should be given to the use of project standards for email use and guidelines for composition. Changes in email use over the project duration could be a potential tool for project managers to identify design progress and possible issues in a project.

The purposes of this study were to determine the factors that influence the use of e-mail by principals, the purposes for which e-mail messages were sent and received, and the impact of experience and training in the areas of computers and e-mail. A survey was sent to a stratified random sample of 620 elementary, middle/junior high, and high school principals of the Central Appalachian Region. Respondents were asked to provide data regarding demographics, accessibility to hardware and software, computer and e-mail experience and training, uses of e-mail, and items that influence e-mail use. Eleven research questions and 10 hypotheses were addressed. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square, ANOVA, multiple regression, and factor analysis. At the.05 level of significance eight null hypotheses were retained and two rejected. Factor analysis identified four factors for e-mail users and five factors for non-users. E-mail was used by 59.7% of respondents. There was no relationship between level of use and gender, age, highest degree earned, or total years of educational experience. The predictors of e-mail use were computer experience, accessibility to resources, and training. Keyboarding skills and use of e-mail by superiors, fellow principals, and teachers were not indicators of e-mail use. Principals primarily use e-mail for administrative tasks and secondarily for accessing and retrieving information. Training is essential to the effective implementation and use of e-mail. There were six primary training methods for computers and e-mail. Factor analysis revealed that e-mail users have hardware and software resources, training, support, and encouragement to use e-mail to obtain educationally beneficial and appropriate information. Non-users were not comfortable with the technology. Principals must be cognizant of e-mail's capabilities and potential ramifications upon the educational community and provide the role model for the use of technology. E-mail has the potential to break down barriers of geographical isolation and instill a sense of community. If future educational leaders are to be prepared to meet the challenges of an information age, colleges of education need to provide instruction in the use of computers and e-mail.

The use, reuse and manipulation of information has become a key factor in the success of any organisation in an increasingly competitive and global business environment. Ensuring that employees are able to access (or are provided with) the right information in a timely manner is one of the key challenges facing organisations. Amongst the dominant communication methods email fills an important role in facilitating distributed communication and it is seen as a key target for improvement. Email is being used extensively and increasingly as a significant (and often dominant) method for communication within engineering organisations and projects and there exists significant opportunity and requirement to improve the use and reuse of email. This thesis contributes a rich understanding of the practise and perception of email use and reuse developed through a comprehensive review of the literature and three investigative studies: a study of the content of emails exchanged during an engineering project, a survey of practising engineers describing the role of email in supporting communication in projects and engineers perception of email, and a investigation of the information about the relationships between engineers participating in a project as represented by their exchanges of email. The second main contribution is a set of scenarios that were developed to summarise the understanding developed in the investigative studies, and form a core set of contextualised problems that can be used to communicate the research to industry and around which an holistic proposal is described to improve engineers use and reuse of email. The final contribution is an approach for supporting engineers in interpreting emails by the provision of additional contextual information, mitigating a core problem identified during the course of the research for which a well established information management solution does not already exist.

The prolific use of the internet and electronic mail within the legal profession presents novel challenges to the application of the attorney-client privilege; especially, in regards to protecting intended confidential communications relayed through e-mail. This thesis addresses the question of whether an attorney in Florida, through electronic mail use, can waive his client's right to the protections of the attorney-client privilege. After a review of current case law, law review articles, statutes, and texts, this thesis concluded that an attorney's communication through e-mail warrants a reasonable expectation of privacy, permitting the attorney to speak in reasonable confidence to clients through the web. However, attorneys, ethically, should consider the strong repercussions for using such a potentially transparent medium for communication. By examining the relationship between current law, the application of the attorney-client privilege, and a reasonable expectation of privacy, this study provides a comprehensive analysis for attorneys concerned with electronic mail usage. Lastly, this thesis provides attorneys with best practices for their electronic mail communications.
B.A. and B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies

This research seeks to determine the impact of the use of e-mail between lecturers and students at the NMMU. New students at universities, and especially first year undergraduates, can sometimes have difficulties in addressing their concerns, questions and ideas about their courses and are faced with the difficulty of adapting to a new lifestyle and the university environment. Interactivity and feedback are key contributors to providing an effective learning environment for such students. Lecturers provide the main source for university students to discover what is expected of them to identify the key learning goals related to a course, from a lecturer (Braxton, Milem & Sullivan, 2000:569). The increase in student numbers in Higher Education over the last decade has been dramatic, placing greater pressures on academic staff in terms of contacting students. As computer technology becomes both more prevalent and more intrusive, its use and misuse are increasingly falling under the critical scrutiny of academic researchers. If traditional educational methods are supported, such support must be flexible enough to accommodate technology, but as a means, not an end. The research of e-mail impact between students and lecturers is still very new and is open for additional study (Braxton, et al. 2000:590).

Trabalho de Projeto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Teaching English as a Second / Foreign Language
Hoje em dia, os alunos do 1º ciclo do ensino básico têm um acesso facilitado a computadores e a diversos recursos na internet, como blogs, e-mail, Twiducate, que podem ser usados para promover a aprendizagem do inglês como segunda língua e para desenvolver as competências de escrita numa língua estrangeira. Este action research pretende responder à questão Pode o uso de blogs e e-mail melhorar as competências de escrita dos alunos do 1º ciclo? Para desenvolver este action research foi concebido um Workshop de escrita com oito meses de duração, envolvendo dezanove alunos do 1º ciclo, com oito e nove anos de idade. Foram formados grupos de três e quatro alunos e foram desenvolvidas atividades de escrita, com recurso a computadores Magalhães, em grupo e utilizando a metodologia de process writing. Os alunos tiveram acesso ao Twiducate e ao e-mail, e foi criado um blog para cada grupo para que os alunos pudessem publicar todos os seus rascunhos, bem como partilhar textos com os seus colegas e escrever comentários sobre os rascunhos. Foi possível concluir que o uso de blogs e do e-mail proporcionou aos alunos verdadeiros objetivos para escrever, interlocutores autênticos e feedbacks genuínos, o que ajudou a alterar a atitude dos alunos face às atividades de escrita e a melhorar o conteúdo e a linguagem dos textos. As conclusões deste action research sugerem que ferramentas disponíveis online, como blogs, e-mail e o Twiducate, podem ser usadas em sala de aula, nomeadamente desde o 1º ciclo, para promover diferentes oportunidades de aprendizagem, para desenvolver a interatividade e para fomentar um processo de aprendizagem ativo e independente.

One of the commodities in the commercial world has become access to data, specifically personal information. The Internet has rapidly expanded a company s ability to access consumers and individuals personal information, however consumers privacy-concerns regarding the disclosure of their personal information have continued to increase. Using an e-mail marketing campaign, this research explored the impact of using third-party privacy seal (lock) as signals to facilitate consumers disclosing private information. The study employed a live experimental randomised two-group post-test only design, whereby an e-mail advertisement, identical in design except for the image of a third party seal (lock) placed on the non-control group s e-mail. The test explored whether the e-mail advertisement containing the third-party privacy signal (lock) had an impact on whether or not the recipient behaved in a certain way in comparison to the e-mail advertisement that did not contain a lock. The results showed no real significant difference of the third-party seal (lock) on the consumer s preparedness to disclose personal information. Whilst the lock may be used as a trust symbol it is not enough, within the online advertising context, to entice disclosure of personal information. To remain competitive, companies will need to reassess their advertising strategies and further research will need to identify high value signals to encourage consumer disclosure.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
vn2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

Sammanfattning

Skyddet för arbetstagarens personliga integritet är ett aktuellt ämne där teknikutvecklingen

ger arbetsgivaren ökade möjligheter att kontrollera arbetstagaren. Därmed äventyras skyddet

för arbetstagarens personliga integritet. Det finns i dagsläget inte någon direkt

specialanpassad lagstiftning till skydd för den personliga integriteten i arbetslivet och svensk

lagstiftning saknar en enhetlig definition på begreppet personlig integritet. Det är oklart vilka

möjligheter arbetsgivaren har att vidta kontrollåtgärder av arbetstagarens Internet- och epostanvändning

samt vilket skydd arbetstagaren har för sin personliga integritet.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att reda ut vilket rättsligt skydd arbetstagaren på den svenska

arbetsmarknaden har för sin personliga integritet, vilka möjligheter arbetsgivaren har att vidta

kontrollåtgärder av arbetstagarens Internet- och e-postanvändning, samt vad begreppet god

sed på arbetsmarknaden i detta fall innebär. För att uppnå syftet används en rättsdogmatisk

metod, som innebär att aktuella rättskällor det vill säga lagtext, förarbeten, praxis från

Arbetsdomstolen och doktrin kommer att studeras.

Arbetsgivaren ges möjlighet att vidta integritetskänsliga åtgärder såsom kontroll av

arbetstagarens Internet- och e-postanvändning med stöd av den allmänna arbetsledningsrätten,

avtal, kollektivavtal eller lagstiftning. Dock begränsas möjligheterna till att åtgärden inte får

stå i strid med god sed på arbetsmarknaden. För att avgöra vad nämnda begränsning innebär

gör Arbetsdomstolen en intresseavvägning. Arbetstagarens intresse av skydd för sin

personliga integritet jämförs med arbetsgivarens intresse av kontroll av arbetstagarens

Internet- och e-postanvändning. Dessutom måste det finnas en rimlig proportion mellan mål

och medel för kontrollåtgärden, alltså måste intrånget i arbetstagarens privatliv som åtgärden

vållar stå i rimlig proportion till arbetsgivarens syfte med kontrollen.

Avslutningsvis kan sägas att vilka kontrollåtgärder arbetsgivaren får vidta och vilket skydd

arbetstagaren har för sin personliga integritet är en fråga som får avgöras efter bedömning av

det enskilda fallet.

Abstract

The protection for the employee’s personal integrity is a current subject where the technology

development gives the employer increased possibilities to check upon the employee. Thereby

the protection for the employee’s personal integrity is jeopardized. At present there is no

special legislation of protection for the personal working life integrity and the Swedish

legislation lacks a uniform definition of the concept personal integrity. It is unclear which

possibilities the employer has to take control measures of the employee’s Internet- and e-mail

use and which protection the employee has for its personal integrity.

The purpose with the essay is to find out which legal protections the employee on the Swedish

labour market has for its personal integrity, which possibilities the employer has to take

control measures of the employee’s Internet- and e-mail use, and what the concept of good

labour market practice means.

In order to achieve the purpose a law dogmatic method is used, which means that current

sources of law i.e. law text, preparation of law text, good practice from labour court and

doctrine will be studied.

The employer is given the possibility to take integrity sensitive actions, like control of the

employee’s Internet- and e-mail use by virtue of the right to direct work, agreement,

collective agreement or legislation. However, the possibilities are limited as the action must

not go against good labour market practice. In order to decide what stands against good labour

market practice the labour court does a weighing of interest. The employee’s interests of

protection for its personal integrity are compared with the employer’s interests of control of

the employee’s Internet- and e-mail use. Moreover, there must be a reasonable proportion

between the objective and means for the control measure, therefore the trespass in the

employee’s private life that the measure causes must stand in reasonable proportion to the

employer’s aim with the control.

In conclusion can be said that which control measures the employer can take and which

protection the employee has for its personal integrity is a question that must be decided after

assessment of every individual case.

This thesis addresses the problem of sharing and transferring knowledge within knowledge-intensive organisations from a user modelling perspective with the purpose of improving individual and group performance. It explores the idea of creating organisational environments from which any of the users involved can benefit by being aware of each other such that sharing expertise between those who are knowledge providers and those who are knowledge seekers can be maximised. In order to encourage individuals to share such valuable expertise, it also explores the idea of keeping a balance between ensuring the availability of information and the increase in user workloads due to the need to handle unwanted information. In an attempt to demonstrate the ideas mentioned above, this research examines the application of user modelling techniques to the development of communication-based task learning systems based on e-mail communication. The design rationale for using e-mail is that personally held expertise is often explicated through e-mail exchanges since it provides a good source for extracting user knowledge. The provision of an automatic message categorisation system that combines knowledge acquired from both statistical and symbolic text learning techniques is one of the three themes of this work. The creation of a new user model that captures the different levels of expertise reflected in exchanged e-mail messages, and makes use of them in linking knowledge providers and knowledge seekers is the second. The design of a new information distribution method to reduce both information overload and underload is the third.

Context. Trust and reliability are important issues in online communication. By rapid growth of online social networks (OSNs), online communication becomes richer by the integrating of social interaction into the communication model. However, E-mail communication systems concern about unsolicited messages. Objectives. In this thesis the aim is to investigate how to prioritize E-mails between recipients and senders by using information from OSNs. Methods. An algorithm is presented for computing trust by measuring users‟ interaction and similarity in online social networks and this trust is used by another algorithm for prioritizing the E-mail inbox. Results. An evaluation of the proposed method is performed via a case study and the prediction error of the method is compared with the prediction error of the random feedback. The error of the method is significantly lower than random feedback and is relatively low, given the small number of observations. Conclusions. This thesis contributes in its review and categorization of existing trust models. Furthermore, it provides an analysis on how to use social information for E-mail prioritization. Based on the analysis, a method is presented for improving the reliability of E-mail communication by extracting information from OSNs. The information is used for computing the trust score between two OSN friends. In this thesis, it is suggested that, inbox prioritization is achievable using the selected method.
This thesis has addressed E-mail prioritization through social network by using social information. The task has been done by focusing on the interaction and similarity between friends in the OSN. A theoretical analysis has been performed in order to identify the characteristic of suitable trust model. An algorithm (Algorithm 1) has been suggested to estimate weights of different criteria of social information. In order to have the trust predictions based on the user‟s preferences, the algorithm adjusted the weights based on the user‟s feedback. In addition, another algorithm (Algorithm 2) has been proposed to compute trust scores and prioritize E-mails inbox. Finally, an algorithm (Algorithm 3) has been presented to evaluate the error of the computed (predicted) trust scores. In order to display the applicability of the method as well as to motivate the theoretical foundation, a case study was reported in which the proposed method was applied to Facebook. The analysis showed that the proposed method was feasible to be used, and it provided users a mean to prioritize E-mail inboxes based on the social information extracted from Facebook. The analysis indicated that least squares method was a suitable approach to estimate weights that were used in computing trust scores and thus prioritizing E-mails inbox.

The rapid development of Internet technologies has led to the emergence of new communication means. E-mail has become a new powerful tool used by millions with the main purpose of exchanging information. Considering its large scope, marketers have been using the e-mail as an important direct marketing force and it has become a popular choice for many companies. The e-mail has therefore constituted a new form of on-line marketing coined “E-mail marketing”. However, the increasing use of the e-mail marketing has been adversely affected by the appearance of non-traditional marketing communication media such as unsolicited commercial e-mails (UCEs). The main reasons behind the alarming growth of the UCEs are those explained by the low-cost structure of the e-mail and, thus, a small number of responses are required for generating a profit (Moustakas et al., 2006; p.45; Shenoy, 2008; p.32). This unsolicited medium used for reaching consumers has evolved from mere nuisance to actual threat (Mendleson, 2010; p.38), which has brought a new complexity into consumers’ daily lives. This in its turn calls for examination of consumer’s perception about the unsolicited commercial e-mails.

 

Hence, the aim of this thesis is to examine consumer’s perceptions about the mentioned unsolicited marketing communication medium. This will provide increased awareness of the profound implications that the UCEs have on e-commerce and the e-mail marketing on the whole and, particularly, on Internet user groups such as companies, e-mail service providers and policy makers. The study was conducted with a positivistic position and followed a deductive approach, taking known theories as point of departure. The theories presented are mainly concerned with: privacy, ethical and legislation issues; consumer’s reactions and motives behind the opening of the e-mail; the impact of the UCEs on the brand image and overall implications of the UCEs.

 

A self-completion questionnaire was used as method of data collection. The results indicate that the UCEs are perceived as slightly unethical and neither intrusive nor nonintrusive by the respondents. There is also no clear perceived protection by the anti-spam law, which claims the need for improvement of the policy makers’ work. The results also reveal that the most common consumer’s reaction is to disregard and delete the UCEs, although a small but considerable percentage of the consumers respond. The findings show that the different contents of the UCEs are perceived with low levels of interest by the respondents. Also, the motives behind the opening of the UCEs by the respondents are distributed nearly equal: the credibility of the sender, simply the curiosity and the attractiveness of the subject line. This study reveals a fairly negative perceived image of the companies advertised by the UCEs, which proves the associated cost of sending the UCEs. Furthermore, it has been found that the respondents are concerned about sharing their e-mail addresses with e-companies because of the UCEs and that the latter hinder the accessibility to solicited commercial e-mails in the e-mail inboxes. The e-mail service providers have been also affected since a quarter of the respondents have changed them as a consequence of receiving the UCEs. Thus, the results of this thesis show the adverse implications of the UCEs on electronic commerce, e-mail marketing and on Internet user groups.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gerontologia Social
Objetivos: Este estudo tem por objetivo geral, identificar as atividades do uso do tempo das pessoas reformadas com 65 ou mais anos, não institucionalizadas, e por objetivos específicos, identificar como as pessoas mais velhas usam o tempo no dia-a-dia; verificar o uso do tempo destas pessoas antes e após a reforma; analisar a satisfação destas pessoas relativamente às atividades do uso do seu tempo; identificar quais são os fatores que influenciam o uso do tempo dos entrevistados e associar o uso do tempo dos entrevistados ao envelhecimento ativo. Metodologia: O estudo é de tipo qualitativo e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a 14 pessoas reformadas, com 65 ou mais ano, residentes na Zona Metropolitana de Lisboa. Resultados: Neste trabalho identificaram-se 9 dimensões de atividades do uso do tempo, sendo estas as Atividades da Vida Diária (AVD), Atividades da Vida Prática (AVP), Atividades Religiosas/Espirituais, Atividades Desportivas, Atividades Cuidado com Outras Pessoas, Atividades de Lazer/Hobbies, Atividades com Familiares/Amigos e Atividades relacionadas com a Saúde. As principais atividades do uso do tempo são realizadas dentro de casa, como por exemplo, ver televisão, ler e arrumar a casa, no entanto, outras atividades como ir ao café, conviver com amigos e/ou familiares também são frequentemente mencionadas. Verificou-se que apesar da maioria dos entrevistados afirmarem estarem satisfeitos com as suas atividades estes as realizam, sobretudo, por serem atividades de caráter obrigatório e alguns referem a vontade de realizar outras atividades de lazer/hobbies, como por exemplo, viajar. Os principais fatores que influenciam a realização das atividades dos reformados são a saúde, socioeconómico e de género. E o envelhecimento ativo associa-se às atividades dos entrevistados, no sentido em que estas apresentam uma “responsabilidade individual” por partes dos participantes.
Aims: The purpose of this study is to identify the time-use activities of non-institutionalized retired persons aged 65 and over, and by specific objectives, identify how older people use their time in everyday life; verify the use of these people's time before and after retirement; analyze their satisfaction with the activities of their time use; identify which factors influence respondents time use and associate respondents time use with active aging. Method: This is a qualitative study and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 retired people, aged 65 and over, living in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Results: In this paper identified 9 dimensions of time use activities, the Activities of Daily Living, Practical Life Activities, Religious/Spiritual Activities, Sport Activities, Caring for Other People Activities, Leisure Activities, Family/Friends Activities and Health related Activities. The main activities of dayto-day use are performed indoors, such as watching television, reading and tidying up the house, but other activities such as going to coffee shop, hanging out with friends and/or family as well are often mentioned. It was found that although most respondents said they were satisfied with their activities, they perform them mainly because they are mandatory activities and some of them refer to the desire to perform other leisure activities/hobbies, such as travel. The main factors influencing pensioners' activities are health, socioeconomic and gender. And active aging is associated with the respondents’ activities, in the sense that they have an “individual responsibility” on the part of participants.
N/A

Esta dissertação oferece um estudo sobre a formação territorial do município de Campinas/SP e seu planejamento urbano partindo de instrumentais teórico-metodológicos que incluem a cartografia temática, a periodização e a história como um recurso de método. Estes, aliados a um conjunto de conceitos e categorias como o lugar, o território usado, os eventos e a solidariedade, têm por finalidade identificar qual a contribuição do planejamento urbano para os atuais usos do território. O que se nota é que ele tem seguido o velho manual do planejamento estratégico empresarial que importa modelos de outras correntes de planejamento, alheias ao lugar estudado, visando sua inserção no mundo competitivo da globalização. Tal fato é traduzido pela intensa criação de loteamentos e de fluidez no território, de modo que ele deflagra usos cada vez mais corporativos e setoriais que mutilam o território e sua sociedade, social e espacialmente. Também nos dedicamos em refletir sobre o papel que Campinas exerce dentro da rede urbana paulista e nacional devido às suas inúmeras funções e por abrigar um grande contingente de empresas e instituições hegemônicas paralelamente à proliferação das desigualdades socioespaciais.
This masters dissertation studies the territorial formation of Campinas/SP and its urban planning by the use of a theory-methodological instrumentals which includes the tematic cartography, the periodization and the history as a method resource allied with a group of concepts and cathegories as well as the place, the used territory, the events and the solidarity that leads to figure out what is the contribution of the planning for the nowadays uses of territory. We have seen that it has followed the old company strategic planning manual and it imports models from others planning currents from different world places to provide its insertion on the competitive world of globalization. This fact is translated by the several creation of urban lots and fluidity in the territory which shows uses every time more corporative and setorial that mutilate the territory and its society, social and spacially as well. We also dedicate in reflecting about the role that Campinas fulfills in a regional and national urban chain due to its several functions and for including a very big uncertainty of common knowledge companies and institutions parallely to the expansion of social spacially inequalities.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar os abatedouros de frango da microrregião de Pato Branco, analisando as interfaces de suas características organizacionais, de inovação tecnológica e uso da água, considerando o modelo de gestão ambiental de Produção Mais Limpa. Para seu desenvolvimento, adotou-se a metodologia de análise multicasos, com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados em campo foram utilizados questionários semiestruturados aplicados na forma de entrevista, compostos por questões abertas e fechadas, além de observações. Os questionários foram formulados a partir da adaptação de perguntas do Questionário de Pesquisa e Inovação – PINTEC 2011. Os resultados indicam que o setor é composto por empresas de médio-grande porte, de formação Ltda, S/A e Cooperativa. Tais empresas processam em média 12.051 toneladas de carne de frango ao mês na forma de produto in natura (carcaça inteira) e de valor agregado (cortes, miúdos e embutidos) destinando 61% de sua produção para o mercado interno e 39% para o externo. Analisando o período de 2010 a 2012 foi observado que duas das três empresas apresentaram atividades de inovação tecnológica em produtos e processos (TPP), sendo que uma focou mais em produtos e a outra mais em processos, apresentando características de inovação tanto incrementais como radicais nas atividades desenvolvidas. Analisando as inovações TPP, constata-se que estão diretamente relacionadas ao uso da água e a minimização e reciclagem de resíduos, sendo elas inovações no aproveitamento da gordura abdominal; à aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos para a automatização e/ou ampliação dos processos de automatização; a modificações no layout para melhor captação de resíduos; a práticas de controle da água (travas e estranguladores de registro e hidrômetro; bicos aspersores; reuso da água); e ao aproveitamento total dos resíduos orgânicos resultantes do processo produtivo. Essas ações tiveram como retorno para as organizações: a minimização de efluente gerado; a redução no uso da água no processo produtivo; e uma maior margem de lucro na reciclagem dos resíduos para fabricação de farinha e óleo do que com sua revenda a terceiros. Pode-se concluir que os abatedouros de frango da microrregião de Pato Branco conseguiram incorporar as premissas do modelo de Produção Mais Limpa às práticas de uso da água e de inovação tecnológica, conciliando ganhos econômicos com benefícios ambientais.
This study aims to characterize the chicken slaughterhouses of Pato Branco microregion, analyzing the interfaces of their organizational characteristics, technological innovation and use of water, considering the environmental model of Cleaner Production. For its development, it was adopted the methodology of multicase analysis with a predominantly qualitative approach. As tools for collecting data in the field, semi structured questionnaires consisting of open and closed questions were applied by interview, as well as observations. The questionnaires were formulated based on the adaptation of questions from the Research and Innovation Questionnaire - PINTEC 2011. The results indicate that the sector is composed of medium- large - sized companies, formed by limited-liability company, corporation and a cooperative. Such companies processed on average 12,051 tonnes of chicken per month, being processed in natura meat (whole carcass) and value added products (cuts, offals and processed mixed meat) allocating 61 % of its production to domestic market and 39 % for foreign market. Looking at the period from 2010 to 2012 was observed that two of the three companies showed technological innovation activities in product and process (TPP), one focusing on products while the other focusing on processes, presenting both incremental and radical features of innovation to the performed activities. Analyzing the TPP innovations, some are directly related to water use and minimizing and recycling waste, being these innovations in the use of abdominal fat, the acquisition of machinery and equipment for automation and/or expansion of automation processes, changes in layout for better capturing of waste; practices in water control (locks and registration chokes and hydrometer; sprinkle nozzles, water reuse) and the total use of organic waste resulting from the production process. These actions had as a return for organizations: minimization of generated effluent, reduction in water use in the production process; higher profit margin in the recycling of waste for the manufacture of flour and oil to resale to third parties. It can be concluded that the chicken slaughterhouses of Pato Branco microregion succeeded to incorporate the assumptions of the Cleaner Production model to practices of water use and technological innovation concealing economic gains to environmental benefits.

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O presente caso de gestão objetivou descrever e analisar os problemas e desafios na implementação do macrocampo Comunicação e Uso de Mídias, Cultura Digital e Tecnológica do Programa Mais Educação (PME) na rede estadual de educação de Pernambuco, a partir do caso da Escola Estadual Y, do município de Paulista, pertencente à GRE Metropolitana Norte, e propor um plano de ação como contribuição para melhoria dessa implementação. A relevância dessa pesquisa que tangencia as questões atinentes à ampliação da jornada escolar ou tempo escolar e, portanto, às políticas de educação integral e em tempo integral é justificada diante do caráter emergente que tem o uso das tecnologias eletrônicas e digitais na escola, considerando que o PME contempla, dentre os macrocampos de conhecimento das escolas urbanas, o de Comunicação e Uso de Mídias, Cultura Digital e Tecnológica. Embora exista uma expressiva produção sobre o PME em termos mais amplos, justifica-se também a escolha dessa temática específica por não existirem publicações a respeito no estado de Pernambuco. Tomou-se como campo de pesquisa a SEE/PE, a GRE Metropolitana Norte e uma escola estadual de jurisdição do município de Paulista - denominada neste estudo de Escola Estadual Y - que fez a adesão ao macrocampo Comunicação e Uso de Mídias, Cultura Digital e Tecnológica do PME em todos os anos, desde a implantação do PME no estado, em 2008. Para a coleta de dados e análise dos elementos interferentes na implementação do macrocampo Comunicação e Uso de Mídias, Cultura Digital e Tecnológica do PME, a metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, tendo como instrumento de pesquisa entrevistas de roteiros semi-estruturados em duas etapas distintas: uma etapa preliminar com as equipes do PME da SEE/PE e GRE e uma segunda etapa com as mesmas equipes e a equipe pedagógica e de gestão da Escola Estadual Y. Como fundamentação teórica utilizaram-se os estudos de Cavaliere (2007, 2009) sobre a concepção de educação integral, Condé (2012) e Mainardes (2006) a respeito da implementação de políticas públicas e Bonilla (2009) sobre a incorporação das tecnologias no contexto escolar. A partir de análise dos resultados da pesquisa observou-se que problemas de insuficiência e despreparo de recursos humanos e precariedade no monitoramento no âmbito da SEE/PE e da GRE interferiram diretamente na implementação do macrocampo nas escolas. Diante disso, o Plano de Ação Educacional proposto apresenta ações que poderão ser executadas na rede estadual de ensino de Pernambuco com vistas a equacionar as dificuldades na implementação do macrocampo Comunicação e Uso de Mídias, Cultura Digital e Tecnológica do PME, quer seja no âmbito da SEE/PE, das Gerências Regionais de Educação ou das próprias escolas.
The aims of the present case of management were to describe and analyse the problems and challenges in the implementation of macrocampo Communication and Use of Media, Digital and Technological Culture of Mais Educação Program (PME) on the network education of Pernambuco from State School case Y, in Paulista, municipality of Regional Management of Education from North Metropolitan, and to propose an action plan as contribution to improvement of this implementation. The importance of this research that touches the issues concerning the extension of the school journey or school time and therefore the integral education policies and full time is justified faced with the emergency of the use of electronic and digital technologies in school, whereas PME includes, among the macrocampos of knowledge of urban schools, the Communication and Use of Media, Digital and Technological Culture. Although there is a significant production about the PME in broader terms, this specific theme is chosen because there is not this kind of publications in the State of Pernambuco. The State Department of Education of Pernambuco (SEE/PE), The Regional Management of Education/North Metropolitan (GRE) and the State School Y became search field. The State School Y has made membership of the macrocampo Communication and Use of Media, Digital and Technological Culture of PME every year, from the implementation of PME, in the state in 2008. It was used a qualitative methodology to collect information and analyse the facts that involve the implementation of macrocampo Communication and Use of Media, Digital and Technological Culture of Mais Educação Program having as research‟s tools, interviews of semi-structured itineraries in two different stages: a preliminary stage with the same teams of Mais Educação Program of SEE/PE and GRE, and a second stage with the same teams, the educational team and the management team of the State School Y. The studies from Cavaliere (2007, 2009) about the conception of full educational were used as theoretical support, Condé (2012) and Mainardes (2006) about the implementation of public policies and Bonilla (2009) about the incorporation of technologies in the school context. From the analysis results of the research it was pointed out problems of inadequacy and lack of preparation of human resources and insecurity in monitoring under the SEE/PE and GRE interfered directly in the implementation of macrocampo in schools. In the face of this, the proposed Educational Action Plan presents actions that can be executed in the State schools of Pernambuco with a view to addressing the difficulties in implementing the macrocampo Communication and Use of Media, Digital and Technological Culture of the PME, either within the SEE/PE, Regional Managements of Education or the schools themselves.

As possibilidades de colocação dos pronomes pessoais átonos em sequências de verbos do espanhol e do português brasileiro não são simétricas: enquanto neste último se verificam menos oportunidades para a chamada subida do clítico, naquele ela é claramente mais frequente. Para descrever tal situação, esta dissertação analisa a configuração de composições verbais, perifrásticas ou não, dos dois sistemas linguísticos, de modo a classificá-las de acordo com seus diferentes níveis de gramaticalização e, a partir daí, com base em determinadas características sintáticas e semânticas relevantes para a problemática do posicionamento dos clíticos nessas estruturas. A seguir, se constata, mediante o exame de alguns exemplos representativos, que a coincidência nos parâmetros anteriores não implica um mesmo padrão quanto aos lugares ocupados pelas formas pronominais átonas junto a cadeias de verbos da língua espanhola e do português do Brasil. Com o objetivo de incluir outros fatores e de encontrar respostas mais completas, se pesquisam, então, novas explicações sobre o fenômeno e essas, por fim, também são debatidas, já que se identifica que nem sempre são suficientes ou totalmente precisas.
The possibilities of positioning atonic pronouns in verbal sequences in Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese are not symmetrical: while in the latter less opportunities for clitic climbing are noted, in the former it is clearly more frequent. To describe this situation, this dissertation analyses the configuration of periphrastical or not periphrastical verbal compositions of the two linguistic systems, in order to classify them according to their different levels of grammaticalization and, from there, based on certain syntactical and semantic characteristics relevant to the question of clitic positioning in those structures. Subsequently, it is evidenced, through the exam of a few representative examples, that the coincidence in previous parameters does not imply the same standard regarding the positions of atonic pronominal forms in verbal chains in the Spanish language and Brazilian Portuguese spoken in Brazil. With the objective of including other factors and finding more complete answers, we research new explanations for that phenomenon, which are finally also debated, since it is identified that not always they are sufficient or totally precise.

Context. The mental effort offered by a user to identify an important email from the email message is considered significant or impossible. A user must enter the e-mail application to determine what type of e-mail they have received. To let the user identify the type of email via smartphone notification, micro-interactions are utilized. De augmentatie in UX of de e-mail notificaties is dan getest met de modificaties gemaakt aan de micro-interacties. Objectives. This study explores the microinteractions in an email notification of a smartphone that requires the modification of micro-interactions. These modifications have been implemented based on the design principles and usability heuristics of the existing literature. With this implementation, the augmentation in user experience of the modified design is determined. Methods. On conducting a systematic literature review, the experimental design of micro-interactions is prototyped. These prototypes are subjected to user interaction by conducting interviews that include performing certain tasks on the prototype and obtaining the user's perspectives regarding usability with an SUS scale. The data collected has been analyzed to obtain data on user experience increase. Since this data is tested for statistical significance to prove the theory and the evidence reinforce each other. Results. User interviews resulted in 100% of the users being able to perform the tasks successfully during the interaction with the prototypes. The modified design or email notifications achieve job performance time that is much less than the time used by the user for the existing design. Meanwhile, The SUS score for the modified design of micro-interactions with the existing design achieved the best imaginable score which reflects the rise in user experience of the e-mail notifications on a smartphone. On analysis, these achieved scores showed their statistical significance of the claim of increase in UX.Conclusions. This study concludes the reduction in cognitive load in a smartphone's email notifications by effective application or design principles in microinteractions. Regardless of the increased number of email arrivals on a device, a smartphone user can now identify the important e-mails on a smartphone directly from the email notifications. Following the Google's Material Design Principles resulted in increased user experience of e-mail notifications on a smartphone. However,

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Este trabalho tem por objetivo a precificação de opções de câmbio de EUR/BRL em função de seus componentes mais líquidos USD/BRL e EUR/USD. Para isso, adaptamos e calibramos um modelo de volatilidade estocástica a partir dos dados observados no mercado. Para compararmos os valores estimados pelo modelo com os negociados no mercado, simulamos estratégias de arbitragem entre os três pares envolvidos através dos dados históricos da cotação das moedas. O trabalho sugere que há um viés significativo no grau de curtose da distribuição dos retornos do par EUR/BRL implícita nos dados de mercado.
The objective of this work is to price foreign exchange options in EUR/BRL as a function of its more liquid components EUR/USD and USD/BRL. For this purpose we adapted and calibrated a stochastic volatility model based on observed market data. In order to compare the model prices with those traded in the market, we replicated an arbitrage strategy based on the 3 involved currency pairs using market data of their spot rates. The work suggests that there is a persistent bias on the curtosis of the distribution of the EUR/BRL returns implied by market data.

This study is about what happens when you introduce a new digital medium that will be used for internal communication at a small company called Metodicum. Metodicums employees are located in different geographical locations in Sweden and they are therefore prevented from having short informal meetings. By introducing the tool Slack for the company, there is therefore a new level of communication that they have not used before, except for E-mail. The study was conducted with interviews and nethnography as the method, netnography in order to be able to make a more observational analysis that takes place in the medium Slack and interviews to know how the respondents themselves experience about the medium. Part of the conclusion in this study is that it is necessary to introduce a strategic internal communication plan in connection with the use of Slack. This study is therefore beneficial for companies that want to start using Slack and want to know the risks, benefits and disadvantages before it is introduced. The study has been based on established theories that exist within organizational communication, but also models that demonstrate that social interaction is required to increase the motivation among employees. Slack has helped to reduce the distance between offices and made it easier to discuss practical administrative tasks that employees would otherwise not have mailed over. Because the e-mail is perceived as a formal medium where one is communicated about the most important thing with customers and suppliers. More communication has therefore arisen and the employees feel that they can talk in a more easy and informal way through Slack. Slack also offers another level of communication that my respondents do not feel they have previously had. The communication tool provides a quick communication that allows the employees to chat with each other and they feel that it is easy to send away a quick message that they quickly get an answer to. However, there are risks with Slack, the risk is that the employees are interrupted in their duties and that the notification creates stress.

Diploma thesis focuses on the selection and application of appropriate internet marketing tools. It specifies possible fields of B2C promotion on the internet. It analyses chosen company and its existing operations in the field of internet marketing due to recommended procedures and procedures of its competitors. Diploma thesis uses theoretical knowledge and analysis for application of proposed internet marketing strategy and finally compares performances of applied areas of the internet marketing.

This master’s thesis is focused on design and realisation of special security system for space and property protection. System is devided into two parts, transmitting and receiving. Transmitting part is formed by Raspberry Pi Model B+, motion sensor, webcam and USB LTE modem Huawei E398. Receiving part consists of computer with suitable application for communication with FTP server. Data transfer in mobile systems is described in the first part of this thesis, transmitting part is designed in the second part. There is one transmitting option chosen in the third part and there are also described applications of the transmitting part. The last part of this thesis is focused on the receiving part and its application.

De Kheops à Internet, des nanotechnologies à la téléportation, les nouvelles technologies rythment la vie des hommes. Fruits de leur intelligence, outils de grands travaux, moteurs de diffusion des savoirs, elles sont cause et effet des progrès de l’humanité. Innervant les relations de travail subordonnées comme tous les compartiments de la société, elles retiennent l’attention du juriste tant elles sont susceptibles de remodeler l’organisation de l’entreprise, de provoquer l’exclusion de la communauté de travail (au moins autant que de rapprocher ceux qui la composent), de provoquer l’entremêlement des vies personnelle et professionnelle. Nul compartiment du droit des relations de travail n’échappe à la pression des nouvelles technologies : au recrutement des salariés elles peuvent donner un nouveau visage ; à la conclusion du contrat de travail elles peuvent offrir instantanéité et dématérialisation ; au temps de son exécution elles imposent normes de sécurité (pour que, de chacun, le corps soit préservé) et normes de vie (pour que, de chacun, l’âme et l’esprit demeurent hors du champ de lecture de l’employeur). Et que dire du jeu de relations collectives remodelées à coup de communications syndicales dématérialisées, de vote électronique, de réunions virtuelles d’instance de représentation du personnel ? Le paysage se transforme. Le corpus normatif, parfois, peine à suivre. Le temps des diseurs de droit n’est pas celui de la science. Mais la science ne peut aller sans que le législateur et le juge, un jour, s’en saisissent. D’intérêts contradictoires où s’entremêlent impératif d’évolution (de l’entreprise) et de protection (du salarié), il leur appartient d’assurer la conciliation
Over the centuries, from Cheops to the Internet and from nanotechnology to teleportation, new technologies have constantly been at the centre of individuals’ lives. Produced by human intelligence, they appear to be a key to innovation, a tool for the dissemination of knowledge and they enable the progress and evolution of mankind. These new technologies obviously drew lawyers’ attention as they have a direct impact on society as a whole, but also more specifically on the relationship between employers and employees. Moreover, they tend to reshape the organisation of corporations and lead to the entanglement of professional and private life. As a matter of fact, labour law is under pressure: recruitment procedures can be altered by new technologies, the conclusion of employment contracts is nowadays electronic and instantaneous, and security and privacy rules have been established (not to mention electronic trade union communications, e-voting or e-meetings for staff representative bodies). In short, the whole framework is changing. Unfortunately, lawmakers are usually overtaken by events as science and law evolve at a very different pace. However, sooner or later, legal boundaries are set. Currently, courts’ main challenge is to try to make technological progress and protection of employees compatible

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O policentrismo é atinente, sobretudo, ao incremento da importância de novas áreas centrais, de relações de complementaridade e concorrência e de novos arranjos hierárquicos e promove transformações no centro preexistente e na centralidade intraurbana, a partir de processos multiescalares que conferem novos papéis e funções às cidades médias. As estruturas espaciais disso resultantes se mostram mais complexas que as precedentes, que eram caracterizadas por única área central ou por estritas relações de subordinação ao centro. Com efeito, em estruturas policêntricas o centro não mais exibe inerente papel de centro principal, embora expresse uma condição preexistente, num movimento dialético de perda de importância e reafirmação de sua centralidade o que justifica denominarmos por centro preexistente, por seu atributo de rugosidade frente a novos processos. Considerando um eixo das sucessões, marcado por transformações na estruturação urbana e redefinições no centro preexistente, e outro das coexistências, representativo de diferentes áreas centrais articuladas, buscamos analisar o centro sob uma dupla perspectiva de centro preexistente e centro principal, tendo como hipótese a propensão do centro preexistente exibir permanência enquanto principal. Propomos, para averiguação dessa tese, processo analítico de identificação do centro principal, a partir de eixo das coexistências de diferentes áreas centrais, pertencentes a uma totalidade, e somente apreendidas em análise relacional, por meio da abordagem das lógicas econômicas de empresas e práticas espaciais de consumo de citadinos. Com um conjunto de procedimentos metodológicos, que envolvem coleta de dados de uso do solo, realização de trabalhos de campo e análise de enquetes, questionários e entrevistas, estudamos o centro preexistente de Marília, Presidente Prudente e São Carlos, cidades situadas no estado de São Paulo, para apreendermos seu atributo de rugosidade, ao identificarmos o centro principal. Em Marília, conferimos coincidência territorial entre o centro preexistente e o centro principal, com privilégio daquela área por empresas e citadinos, de que é indicativo o expressivo porte da concentração e diversidade de atividades; a elevada complexidade do capital, com a presença de grandes lojas; e a preferência pela área manifestada por citadinos, para aquisição de diferentes bens e serviços. Em São Carlos, a estruturação e a centralidade intraurbana não se mostram dessemelhantes ao observado em Marília, mas o porte da concentração é inferior, assim como a complexidade do capital. Ainda assim, em ambas as cidades, apreendemos proeminência de relações de subordinação de outras áreas centrais ao centro, a despeito de relações de concorrência e complementaridade observadas. Embora o centro de Presidente Prudente apresente notável concentração e diversidade de bens e serviços oferecidos e elevada complexidade do capital das empresas presentes, coexiste com um importante shopping center, com o qual tece relações de complementaridade, e maior número de hipermercados, que exercem relações de concorrência, em maiores repercussões sobre a centralidade do centro preexistente.
Polycentrism is related to, above all, the importance of new central areas, complementarity and competition relations and new hierarchical arrangements, and it promotes transformation in the pre-existing centre and in the intra-urban centrality, starting from multi-scale processes, which confer new roles and functions to the medium cities. The resulting spatial structures are more complex than the precedents, which are characterized by a single central area or by strict subordinate relationships to the centre. Indeed, in polycentric structures, the centre no longer exhibits its inherent central role, although it expresses a pre-existing condition, in a dialectical movement of loss of importance and the reaffirmation of its centrality, which justifies calling it a pre-existing centre, its attribute of roughness versus new processes. Considering an axis of successions, they have been marked by transformation in the urban structure and redefinitions in the pre-existing centre, and another of the coexistences, the representative of different articulated central areas. We seek to analyse the centre from a dual perspective of the pre-existing centre and the main centre, taking as hypothesis, the propensity of how the pre-existing centre shows up to be as permanent as the main one. In order to verify this thesis, we have proposed an analytical process of identification of the main centre, as well as the axis of coexistence of different central areas, belonging to a totality and only apprehended in relational analysis, through the approach of the economic logics of companies and consumption of spatial practices. With a set of methodological procedures, involving simple data collection, fieldwork and analysis of surveys, questionnaires and interviews, we have studied the pre-existing centre of Marília, Presidente Prudente and São Carlos, cities in the state of São Paulo, to apprehend their roughness attribute, by identifying the main centre. In Marília, we've conferred the territorial coincidence between the pre-existing centre and the main centre, with the privilege of that area by companies and city dwellers, of which is an indicative of a significant size of concentration and diversity of activities; a high complexity of the capital, with the presence of large stores; and the preference for an area manifested by city residents, for the acquisition of different goods and services. In São Carlos, the structure and the intra-urban centrality are not different from what it was observed in Marília. However, the size of the concentration is lower, as it is the capital complexity. Nevertheless, we have perceived in both cities, the prominence of subordination relations between other central areas to the centre, despite the observed relations between competition and complementarity. Although the centre of Presidente Prudente presents a remarkable concentration and diversity of goods and services offered and high complexity of the capital of the present companies, it coexists with an important shopping mall, which develops complementary relation, and a greater number of hypermarkets, which carry out relations of competition, with greater repercussion on the centrality of the pre-existing centre.
El policentrismo es atinente, sobre todo, al incremento de la importancia de nuevas áreas centrales, de relaciones de complementariedad y competición y de los nuevos arreglos jerárquicos, y promueve transformaciones en el centro de preexistencia y en la centralidad intraurbana a partir de procesos multiescalares que confieren nuevos papeles y funciones a las ciudades medias. Las estructuras espaciales resultantes se muestran más complejas que las precedentes que eran caracterizadas por única área central o por estrictas relaciones de subordinación al centro. En efecto, en estructuras policéntricas el centro no exibe más el papel inherente del centro principal, sin embargo expresa una condición de preexistencia, en un movimiento dialético de pérdida de importancia y de la reafirmación de su centralidade lo que justifica denominar por centro preexistente, por su atributo de rugosidad frente a nuevos procesos. Considerando un eje de las sucesiones, marcado por transformaciones en la estructuración urbana y redefiniciones en el centro preexistente y otro de las coexistencias, representativo de diferente áreas centrales articuladas, buscando analizar el centro bajo una doble perspectiva de centro preexistente y centro principal, teniendo como hipótesis la propensión del centro preexistente se exibe como permanencia principal. Proponemos para la averiguación de esta tesis, el proceso analítico de identificación del centro principal a partir del eje de las coexistencias de diferentes áreas centrales pertenecientes a una totalidad, y solamente aprendidas en análisis relacional, por medio del abordaje de las lógicas económicas de empresas y prácticas espaciales de consumo de citadinos. Con un conjunto de procedimientos metodológicos que envuelven la recolección de datos de uso del suelo, realización de trabajos de campo y análisis de encuestas, cuestionarios y entrevistas, estudiamos el centro preexistente de Marília, Presidente Prudente y São Carlos, ciudades ubicadas en el estado de São Paulo para aprender su atributo de rugosidad, al identificar el centro principal. En Marília conferimos la coincidencia territorial entre el centro preexistente y el centro principal con privilegio de aquella área por empresas y citadinos, que es indicativo el tamaño significativo de la concentración y diversidad de actividades; la alta complejidad del capital, con la presencia de grandes tiendas; y la preferencia por el área manifestada por los citadinos para la adquisición de diversos bienes y servicios. En São Carlos, la estructuración y la centralidad intraurbana no se muestran muy diferente a lo observado en Marilia, pero el tamaño de la concentración es inferior, así como la complejidad del capital. Aun así, en ambas ciudades aprendemos la prominencia de las relaciones de subordinación de otras áreas centrales al centro, a pesar de las relaciones de competencia y la complementariedad observadas. Aunque el centro de Presidente Prudente presenta notable concentración y diversidad de bienes y servicios ofrecidos y alta complejidad del capital de las empresas presentes, coexiste con un importante centro comercial con el cual tece relaciones de complementariedad y mayor número de hipermercados que ejercen las relaciones de competencia en mayores repercusiones sobre la centralidad del centro preexistente.
2016/03757-3
2013/22479-6

GONÇALVES, Fabricio Mota. Evapotranspiração e coeficientes de cultivo (KC) da cana-de-açúcar irrigada por gotejamento subsuperficial. 2010. 64 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2010.
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Sugar cane is one of the crops with the highest level of water consumption, with a high evapotranspiration demand throughout most of its cycle. Knowledge of the sugar cane water demand, the time that irrigation should be applied, and how to irrigate the crop are becoming increasingly important for the sustainable development of irrigated sugar cane cultivation, especially in areas of low water availability, as it is the case in northea stern Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Curu Experimental Field (property of the Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry), located in the Curu-Paraipaba Irrig ation Project, city of Paraipaba-CE (3 ° 29 '20''S, 39 ° 9' 45''W and elevation 30m), in order to determine the evapotrans piration and crop coefficients (Kc) of sugarcane (Saccharum L. officinarium), subsurface drip-irrigated. It was used the SP 6949 sugar cane variety, planted in a spacing of 1.8 m between double rows and 0.4 m between rows within the double row. As to t he irrigation, we used one lateral water line for each double row, buried at a depth of 0.15 m, w ith self-compensating drip emitters, with a flow rate of 1 L h-1, spaced 0.5 m on the water line. The crop was irrigated daily and there were three fertigations per week. The irrigation de pth was periodically adjusted, keeping the soil water potential between -8 kPa to -20 kPa. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined using a wei ghing lysimeter with a surface area of 2.25 m 2. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith method. The durations of the phenological stages of cane sugar were estimated through analysis of soil cover, with the use of digital images. Durations of 31, 49, 237 and 118 days were observed, respectively for initial, crop development, mid-season and late season stages. The yields achieved within and outside the lysimeter were respectively 144.4 and 108.8 t ha -1 . The total ETc observed during the cycle of the sugar cane was 1074.1 m m, with maximum values of 6.6 mm d-1 during the mid-season stage. Observed Kc values for initial, mid-season and late season stages were respectively 0.23, 1 .03 and 0.50. In the crop development stage, the relationship between Kc and the (crop) soil cover was represented with good accuracy by a negative quadratic model.
A cana-de-açúcar é uma das culturas com maior consumo de água, apresentando uma alta demanda evapotranspirativa ao longo da maior parte do seu ciclo. O conhecimento das necessidades hídricas da cana-de-açúcar, do momento de aplicação da água requerida pela mesma e a forma de aplicação torna-se cada vez mais importante para o desenvolvimento sustentável da sua produção irrigada, principalmente em regiões de pouca disponibilidade hídrica, como é o caso da região Nordeste do Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental do Curu, pertencente à Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical localizado no Perímetro Irrigado Curu-Paraipaba, município de Paraipaba-CE (3° 29’ 20’’ S, 39° 9’ 45’’ W e altitude de 30 m), com o objetivo de determinar a evapotranspiração e os coeficientes de cultivo (Kc) da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarium L.), irrigada por gotejamento subsuperficial. Utilizou-se a variedade de cana SP 6949, plantada no espaçamento de 1,8 m entre fileiras duplas e 0,4 m entre linhas dentro da fileira dupla. Na irrigação utilizou-se uma linha lateral para cada fileira dupla, enterrada na profundidade de 0,15 m, com gotejadores autocompensantes, com vazão de 1 L h-1, espaçados de 0,5 m na linha. A cultura foi irrigada com freqüência diária e foram realizadas três fertirrigações por semana. A lâmina de irrigação foi ajustada periodicamente, mantendo-se o potencial de água no solo entre -8 kPa e -20 kPa. A evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) foi determinada utilizando-se um lisímetro de pesagem com área superficial de 2,25 m2. A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) foi estimada pelo método FAO Penman-Monteith. As durações das fases fenológicas da cana-de-açúcar foram estimadas por meio da análise da cobertura do solo pela cultura, determinada com o uso de imagens digitais. Foram observadas durações de 31, 49, 237 e 118 dias, para as fases inicial, de desenvolvimento, intermediária e final, respectivamente. A produtividade alcançada dentro e fora do lisímetro foi de 144,4 e 108,8 t ha-1, respectivamente. A ETc total observada durante o ciclo da cana-de-açúcar foi de 1.074,1 mm, com valores máximos da ordem de 6,6 mm d-1 durante a fase intermediária. Foram observados valores de Kc iguais a 0,23, 1,03 e 0,50, para as fases inicial, intermediária e final, respectivamente. Na fase de desenvolvimento vegetativo a relação entre o Kc e a cobertura do solo pela cultura foi representada com bastante exatidão por um modelo quadrático negativo.

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
資訊管理系
89
E-mail follows Internet flourishing to become an important means of communication. In the past research on effect of the e-mail mostly adopted Social Influence Model (SIM) to confer the various factors in media use, but it is not much done to proof of this theory’s suitability and relationship between factors; therefore this study bases on SIM survey of effect factors on staff members using E-mail, and comprehend general situation of E-mail in Taiwan enterprises; moreover explore influence factors in E-mail use, and examines relationship between factors. The independent variables are media evaluations, task evaluations, social influence, and situational factors while user using e-mail in organizational include frequency, purpose, length and satisfaction of using e-mail are the dependent variables. Of 800 questionnaires, 394 are returned. Three hundred and forty-one are valid with reliability above 0.63. Before applying MANOVA to understand relationship between user backgrounds and the e-mail use. Pearson Correlation Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis were used to found the relations among various out. Using Stepwise Multiple Regression and Path Analysis were used to test hypotheses. The results display that media evaluations and situational factors have impact on the frequency of using e-mail. Media evaluations, task evaluations, and social influence have effect on the purpose of e-mail use. Task evaluations, social influence, and situational factors have influence on the length of e-mail use. Task evaluations, social influence and situational factors have impact on the satisfactory of e-mail use. Further, research discovered that media evaluations, task evaluations, social influence, and situational factors have even stronger impact on purpose and satisfactory. Enterprises can use this result to regulate organization’s policies, provide on-job training at the right moment, adequate computer and autonomy spaces sufficient for employee needs, and encouraged employee use e-mail to promote communication efficiency and satisfactory in e-mail.

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
應用日語研究所
99
The 21st century is the computerization information time. The use of E-mail becomes an indispensable means for people who work in the enterprise. As the author of this thesis, I am working in Japanese Company for many years. I found the communications done on business use a lot of E-mails more than contacting by phone or facing usually. Especially, it is often to ask someone for help by E-mail. The use of request expression in Japanese business E-mail which has many different ways of writing, and the the usage rules and features depends on the type of recipient. This reserch will collect the business E-mail sample through the routine work, and analyze the kind and the feature of the request expression. This research focuses on the use of request expression in Japanese Business E-mail. I collected 150 E-mail from 50 people, 14 companys which is Japanese company or its related company. The thesis comprises six chapters. The first chapter is introduces the research motivations, purposes, scope and methods. The second chapter presents the relevant analyses from antecedent researches. The third chapter is the difine of business E-mail and describes the business E-mail transition, feature and the format. The fourth chapter is describes the request expression in Japanese Business E-mail, including the composition, kind, and using properly. The fifth chapter uses the collected samples to confirm the status of the request expression, and analyzes the usage rules, features. The sixth chapter presents the conclusion, review problems and provides suggestion.

This thesis aims to contribute to the theoretical and practical understanding of the determinants of the use of electronic media such as electronic mail (e-mail) and the tasks for which e-mail is appropriate. E-mail is widely used in many organisations around the world. However, the understanding of why someone uses or does not use e-mail is still not complete. It is important to deepen our understanding of the use of this electronic medium in order to gain full benefit from it.

The theoretical framework of an individual's media selection (referred to as the IMS model) proposed in this study is derived from previous theories and empirical studies related to media selection or media use. These theories are (i) the technology acceptance model (TAM), (ii) social presence theory, (iii) media richness theory, (iv) symbolic interactionist theory, (v) critical mass theory, (vi) the social influence model of media use, and (vii) structuration theory.

The IMS model is used to develop a conceptual model of determinants of e-mail use (referred to as the DEU model) to study the use of e-mail. The eleven factors included in the DEU model are (i) perceived usefulness, (ii) perceived ease of use, (iii) perceived richness, (iv) routine-communication-task involvement, (v) asynchronous-communication-situation involvement, (vi) communication partners' regular use of e-mail, (vii) social influence from co-workers or supervisors, (viii) computer experience, (xi) prior e-mail experience, (x) e-mail training and (xi) the relative use of e-mail.

The DEU model was investigated by conducting a field study with a public organisation in two phases. Phase one involved collecting data by survey with one hundred and sixty-six participants responding. A partial least square analysis, using PLSPATH, was performed. Responses from the 119 participants who were voluntary users and used e-mail themselves were analysed.

In phase two, two focus groups and sixteen interviews were held six weeks after the survey. Data from focus groups and interviews were analysed to expand on the statistical results and to further explore the use of e-mail. Written comments obtained from the survey were also analysed using content analysis.

Results indicated three variables influenced e-mail use. These variables were routine-communication-task involvement, communication partners' regular use of e-mail and e-mail training. Even though individual's perceptions of usefulness, ease of use and richness did not directly influence e-mail use, they were affected by other factors such as social influence from co-workers or supervisors or prior e-mail experience.

Results from qualitative analysis supported and expanded the findings from path analysis. Further findings from written comments, focus groups and interviews indicated that other factors could influence the use of e-mail in an organisation. These factors were the preference, attitudes and characteristics of the individuals, the use of e-mail by others, technical constraints, work practices and time spent in using e-mail.

This research gives improved understanding of media selection, particularly the use of e-mail, with a useful model of an individual's selection of media being developed. The findings from both quantitative and qualitative analyses contribute to both theory and practice. From a theoretical perspective, the study indicated that the best way to study media use is by investigating the interaction of both individual factors and social factors. From a practical perspective, the results provide management with useful guidelines about factors which can enhance the use of electronic media in their organisations.

This thesis is intended to be a brief introduction of the Internet and specific aspects of use of copyrighted works in this specific internationally linked environment. The author tries to briefly summarize the history of copyright and technology that led to the development of the Internet. Since, nowadays, the Internet is a big part of human lives and is a platform where a large number of legal relationships have its origin, each individual should have at least the basic knowledge about use of copyrighted works on the Internet. The author intended his thesis to be understandable and readable even for a regular internet user, although, understanding of the legal constructions laid down herein might be challenging for a regular internet user and require a certain amount of patience and understanding. Apart from the Introduction and the Conclusion, the thesis is divided into nine chapters. In the first chapter author briefly summarizes the history of the Internet and copyright law. He also mentions fundamental legal sources in terms of international, European and Czech law. In the second comprehensive chapter, author acquaints readers with the general use of the copyrighted works, and deals in detail with contractual and non-contractual use of the copyrighted works. In chapter three to eight, the...

The Internet and copyright - modes of the use and scope of protection of the work (traditional usage, peer-to-peer networks, email...) The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the relation between the internet and copyright. The aim of the thesis is to analyse modes of the use (traditional usage, peer-to- peer networks, inking, e-mail...) and scope of protection of the work on the internet from the legal point of view and also to explore new ways, alternatives and potential changes of this conception. The reason for my research is the fact, that the internet is new, dynamic, and one of the most important phenomena of the current interconnected world and copyright hardly keeps up with it. The thesis consists of five chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of copyright on the internet. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis. Firstly, it describes the internet as a legal term and provides a short view of its history. The second term I am dealing with in this chapter is copyright - its principles, historical background and basic sources of copyright law including international, European and Czech law. Chapter Two examines relevant Czech legislation on copyright. The chapter is subdivided into two parts. Part One focuses on the work and its types and...

This thesis is intended as a brief introduction to the issue of use and protection of copyright works. Its aim is to elucidate the relationship between copyright law and the internet with regard to the issue of copyright works. The Internet has with its growing number users become an important element in copyright relations of the new millennium. But the speed at which this new phenomenon is evolving is for the law difficult to keep up and it is facing the additional issue of systematic copyright infringement. The work consists of four chapters. The introductory chapter defines the basic concepts of this work, namely the Internet and copyright law, describes their historical development and lists their basic sources in law. It does so from the perspective of international, european and domestic law. The second chapter deals with the definition of a copyright work with its types and uses. Uses are divided into contractual and non-contractual forms. The third and for the purposes of this thesis the most important chapter is focusing on specific methods of use of the work on the Internet and includes their detailed description. Basic forms of use of the work are analyzed, namely download and upload. From more specialized uses of the work on the internet has been selected the issue of linking, P2P,...

This thesis is intended as a brief introduction to the issue of the specific aspects of use and protection of copyright works at the specific enviroment of the internet. The Internet is a growing phenomenon of modern age which significantly affects social interaction including use of copyright works. Due to this enormous development the using of copyright works is much easier and faster which changed the established business models. However, the Internet is also widely used for copyright infringement. The thesis consist of seven chapters. The first chapter is focused on defining the terms Internet and copyright law. The Internet is defined both from a technical and legal point of view and there is also a brief summary of the history of the Internet. Copyright law is also defined and further national, european and international law sources are assessed. The applicable law and subject-matter jurisdiction is briefly discussed too. The second chapter analyses the definition of a copyright work and its author in addition deals with copyright law exceptions and public domains. In the chapter three the author introduces the specific modes of use of the copyright works in the Internet environment and the various judgements of national courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Contractual and...

80 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe various ways of use of works on the Internet and method of their copyright protection in this specific environment. Because without any doubt the Internet interferes with everyday life of today's society and subsequently has a significant effect on further development of a legal system, this topic becomes very relevant. The thesis itself is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to general description of the Internet and copyright law, and contains explanation of development of this private law area in the territory of the independent Czech Republic, including list of national and international legal sources. The second chapter defines the copyrighted work and its different types according to the Czech Copyright Act, an individual author, use of the work, whether in the form of a contractual or non-contractual disclosure and also important topic of making the work available through the Internet. The third chapter analyzes the copyright protection in the private and public spheres, and technical means of such protection (DRM). The last, and with respect to the discussed topic the most important, fourth chapter deals with various ways of use of works on the Internet, including their detailed description. Downloading and uploading, legislation...

碩士
南華大學
傳播管理學研究所
94
Recently, marketers are getting aware that one of the best ways to reach computer internet users is through E-mail advertising. However, tons of spam mails that flow the consumers'' e-mail boxes have become a trivial and troublesome business to attend to by consumers every day. The effects of so called "viral marketing" are hence required to be reinvestigated. In this study, we discuss the users'' behaviors on receiving two different types of E-mail advertisings. One is eDM (Electronic DM), and the other is DeDM (Disguised Electronic DM). The eDM means all kinds of regular E-mail advertisings while DeDM means an E-mail sent to the guests in an unlikely E-mail form, which is a usual practice of the viral marketing. 　 　　We designed a self-administered questionnaire to measure the subjects'' gender, user situation and interference, and their general attitudes toward E-mail advertising in a pool of 140 samples. Given the property of the censored data, a Tobit model specification is therefore used. The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) Users'' attitude toward E-mail advertising is an important factor in determining whether they will open eDm and DeDM or not; (2) this study found that users are likely to accept DeDM more than eDM, and (3) users are willing to open and transfer DeDM more frequently than eDM. With those results, we conclude and suggest that viral marketing is a workable strategy for marketers.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
資訊管理系
87
Because of the advance of information technology, electronic mail system (e-mail) has become a new communication channel in organizations. Although research on the use of e-mail in USA is quite prosperous, it is not much done in Taiwan, especially, in the area of communication satisfaction. With much difference in culture and working styles, whether e-mail is acceptable by local organizations and performing as well as that in western countries is not clear. Therefore, this study is aimed at studying the degree of satisfaction for using e-mail in organizations. This study is using Social Influence Model as the theoretical foundation and conducting an opinion research. The independent variables are purpose of the use, characteristics of e-mail, technical experience, organizational policy, organizational role and contingency factors while user satisfaction in formal and informal communications, communication atmosphere, and total organizational operation are the dependent variables. Of 900 questionnaires, 559 are returned. Four hundred and fifty are valid with reliability above 0.83. The results show that basically, employees with higher education tend to favor the use of e-mail. MS Outlook is the most favorable e-mail system with 37% of the market. In average, each respondent receives and transmits 28 mails a week. Before applying MANOVA to test hypotheses, all data subjected to Bartlett''''s test for appropriateness. All six null hypotheses are rejected. The results imply that the above mentioned six independent variables have impact on the communication satisfaction. However, when e-mail is used for formal communication, e-mail characteristics play no role. When use in informal communication, organizational policy has no association with satisfaction level. Organizational role, organizational policy, and technical experience are found to have no impact on the satisfaction level when e-mail is used for total organizational operation.

碩士
國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
107
Email service is still widely used around the world and plays an important role in governments and enterprises. Traditionally in NCTUCSCC, email service and most of its functions can only run on server-side. Users and developers don't have chance to create advanced apps using our email resources. We provide SendSwitch - an email framework that was designed for supporting the ability of client-side email processing. SendSwitch is an email processing framework supporting following features. (1) SendSwitch is a pluggable framework, so it takes less effort for transforming an email architecture. (2) SendSwitch supports SMTP, so it can coordinate with most of existing email software (3) SendSwitch SDK can support various types of develop environment. (4) SendSwitch SDK won't restrict any functions that used in user's apps. (5) SendSwitch is a Cross OS platform framework. We will demonstrate about the method and design to achieve the goals in this paper.

New mass media impact on the nature of public communication and the use and gratification of existing mass media because each new medium is used and experienced differently. As a new mass medium, the Internet offers different forms of communication, such as Internet Relay Chat, Multi-User Dungeons and chatrooms. It has also combined traditional mass media, namely print, radio and television, into a single powerful medium. Due to the fact that the Internet is still an emerging medium, its long-term effects on the nature of public communication and traditional mass media warrants ongoing investigation. The first part (Part A) of this dissertation situates the Internet chronologically within the development of traditional mass media and their impact on public communication. Part B investigates Internet use among a group of professionals in South Africa. The objective is to identify how they use the Internet and the gratification they derive from it.
Communication Science
M.A. (Communication)

This thesis examines the application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to Second-language (L2) learning. It analyzes the use of electronic mail as a cognitive tool and aims at providing a better understanding of the learning process in a computerized environment. In this meta-analysis, qualitative data were drawn from independent studies (n=29) published between 2000 and 2010. The thesis briefly reviews historical and theoretical perspectives on Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and language learning strategies. Then, with reference to Oxford’s (1990) typology, it investigates the use of learning strategies in email exchanges or projects of L2 learners. The identification of five categories of learning strategies (cognitive, social, meta-cognitive, compensatory and affective) constitutes the ground work to defining the paradigms of L2 learning associated with the use of electronic mail. The study draws parallels between this electronic learning environment and Jonassen et al.’s (1999, 2008) five principles of meaningful learning, namely active, constructive, intentional, authentic and cooperative learning. Furthermore, a (non-exhaustive) list of five variables associated with successful L2 learning via email interaction (sustained communication, proficiency level in L2, audience interaction, structure of the language-related task and the topics of email correspondence) is presented. As demonstrated in this research, this ICT’s ability to provide a favorable L2 learning environment is threefold. First, the use of electronic mail, as a cognitive tool, fosters learners’ activation of learning strategies. Second, patterns reflecting the principles of self-appropriated learning in the electronic environment suggest its role in the development of transversal skills. Finally, attitude changes towards L2 culture and stereotypes and towards L2 learning, among others, indicate modifications to learners’ behavior. This study also provides updates to Oxford’s (1990) typology of learning strategies in the five categories identified, based on data from the 29 studies. The pedagogical implications, discussed in the conclusion, draw attention to the qualitative and non-linguistic learning outcomes, as well as to the social, affective and cultural dimensions related to the use of email interaction in L2 learning.

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
93
The electronic mail has become one of the most popular communication channels in the modern world. Due to its convenience and low cost, however, many business salesmen utilize this channel to promote their products by distributing e-mails to people as far as they can reach, which causes troubles to irrelevant e-mail receivers. As a result, many a research has been devoted to filtering irrelevant e-mails based on data mining techniques to alleviate users’ mental loadings in processing e-mails they receive. Nevertheless, current approaches have their own drawbacks. Issues on what appropriate classifies to construct, how to endow such classifiers with the adaptive learning ability, and how to customize the e-mail management process for each user are still under investigation. The objective of this research is therefore to construct an e-mail classifier with learning ability to self-correct from erroneous outcomes. Furthermore, we propose a customized e-mail management process that can handle users’ e-mails based on their own preferences. Ultimately, it can adapt itself to the changes of users’ preferences when handling their e-mails. Several experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the constructed classifier. The results show that our proposed classifier possesses high accuracy and high precision with outstanding adaptive learning ability. We also illustrate a real application of the customized e-mail management process. It shows that our approach can detect the changes of users’ preferences and learn to follow the changes. The feasibility of employing our approach to constructing e-mail classifiers is thus justified.