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Reja, Selim, and Shewli Shabnam. "A Comparative Study of Literacy Status between Eag and Non-Eag States of India with Special Reference to Eag States (2001-2011)." Journal of Rural Development 36, no. 4 (2017): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2017/v36/i4/120622.
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Kumar, Sarvesh, Damodar Sahu, Amit Mehto, and Ravendra Kumar Sharma. "Health Inequalities in Under-Five Mortality: An Assessment of Empowered Action Group (EAG) States of India." Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research 7, no. 2 (2020): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/jheor.2020.18224.
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Background: The effect of childhood well-being programs is commonly interconnected with a change in mortality trends. The proportion of disparity shows that inequality in child mortality is more collective in the similarly evolved states than the poorer states in India. Objective: To estimate and compare the health inequality of under-five mortality in Empowered Action groups (EAG) states of India. Methods: Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) was used only for the EAG States of India. Under-five mortality rates (U5MR) were calculated for associated background characteristics by using the life table method. Wealth inequality was assessed separately for all EAG states by calculating measures of concentration index (CI). Concentration curves (CC) were also plotted to see the difference in inequality. Results: Higher U5MR was observed in all EAG states compared with estimates for overall India. On comparing estimates of inequality, CI values show the substantial burden of U5MR among EAG states of India. The CC shows the lowest inequality in EAG states of India. Conclusion: The results suggested the need to receive various health strategy intercessions in agreement with the instance of ever-changing commitments of economic components to child health disparities in EAG states. Measuring the impact of determinants to wealth-related inequality in U5MR helps in lining up the interventions targeted at improving child survival.
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Sarkar, Raju. "Demographic Change and Urbanization in India with reference to Empowered Action Group (EAG) States: Some comments on socio-demographic development and policy implications." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 3, no. 12 (2018): 377–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2483225.
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Empowered Action Group (EAG) states constitute 45.9 % share of India’s total population, where Uttar Pradesh secures highest rank and Uttarakhand the lowest among the EAG states. The objectives of this paper, to examine the demographic changes of population and level of urbanization in EAG states based on the secondary sources of data like: Census of India and Sample Registration System (SRS). It is to analyze patterns of population growth, birth and death rate, age-sex structure, literacy differential index in EAG states. The population growth and demographic structure are determined by variation in process of fertility, mortality, migration and age composition. The demographic characteristics of the EAG states are their high fertility rate, IMR, MMR, high population growth rate, low literacy rate. Based on 2011 census, the economically developed states more or less show higher levels of urbanization as compared to EAG states followed by Bihar (11.3 %), Orissa (16.6 %). But it is observed that among the eight EAG states, only two states have highest annual exponential growth rate (AEGR) i.e. Uttarakhand (3.5%) and Chhattisgarh (3.49%) in this decade. It also notably that, there was no negative AEGR recorded in 2001-2011. These states show a steady decline in fertility, low reproductive health of women and the relatively slower rise in contraceptive use. In the EAG states, concerted efforts are required to improve the education, health facilities, sanitation, urbanization and income etc.
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Kumari, Adity, and Sheela Misra. "Sociodemographic Determinants Influencing Diabetes in Eight EAG States of India." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 3 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240301.
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Introduction: In India Diabetes has been on the rise over the past few decades. India is one of the top nations having the greatest percentage of adult diabetics as of 2022. Men and women are affected differently by different lifestyle diseases hence separate measurements should be used to analyse their prevalence. Diabetes is measured by the glucose level in the blood. The objective of the current study is to determine the socio-demographic and health factors that are associated with Diabetes among women of reproductive age in the eight Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India. Methods: The prevalence of Diabetes in different EAG states was determined using the NFHS-5 dataset, where glucose level was used as a measure of diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression was then employed to find the different sociodemographic and health indicators with Glucose level as a dependent variable among the non-pregnant women of reproductive age (15 – 49). Results: The association of diabetes in women was stronger for older age group, poor women of rural areas. Smoking is also a significant factor. The risk of diabetes also increases for those women who were overweight, anaemic, had thyroid, high waist-to-hip ratio and high blood pressure. Those women who had high frequency of healthy food intake are also at risk. Conclusion: The findings reveal that the design for targeted intervention from the eight EAG State Government and other stakeholders is required for rural women of higher age groups. The detailed state-level association will enable them to create evidence-based interventions to successfully stop the progression of diabetes and manage their complications. Key words: Glucose Level, NFHS-5, EAG States, Reproductive Age, Lifestyle diseases, Logistic regression.
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Chowdhury, Sourav, Nuruzzaman Kasemi, Aditya Singh, Mahashweta Chakrabarty, and Shivani Singh. "Decomposing the gap in undernutrition among under-five children between EAG and non-EAG states of India." Children and Youth Services Review 145 (February 2023): 106796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106796.
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Kumar, Pradeep, Himani Sharma, and Kamalesh Kumar Patel. "Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among men: A study based on Empowered Action Group states, India." Nutrition and Health 27, no. 2 (2021): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106020982348.
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Background: Despite various programmes initiated by the Government of India, the nutritional indicators are not encouraging, as several problems like undernutrition, malnutrition and anaemia – still persist in the country, especially in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Aim: Because of the dearth of studies regarding anaemia among men in India, the present study aimed to determine its prevalence in this population in the EAG states and to analyse its geographical and socio-demographic determinants. Methods: The study utilized nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data from round 4 of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. Bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression were performed to assess the predictors of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Results: Around a quarter of the men in the EAG states suffered from anaemia. A similar high-prevalence pattern was observed across the EAG states. Wherein, Bihar and Jharkhand had the highest prevalence of anaemia while Uttarakhand showed the lowest. Age, place of residence, marital status and caste were positively associated with the likelihood of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Conclusions: Focusing on the EAG states, this study considered the severity of anaemia as a public health problem among men. Strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia among this population are needed. The government should formulate programmes targeting anaemia specifically, and improving the nutritional status among men in general in the EAG states.
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Singh, Mritunjay P., and R. D. Singh. "Study on Child Mortality Determinants in EAG States and Assam." Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability 6, no. 3 (2017): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18576/jsap/060310.
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Showalter, Kathryn, Cecilia Mengo, and Mi Sun Choi. "Intimate Partner Violence in India: Abuse in India’s Empowered Action Group States." Violence Against Women 26, no. 9 (2019): 972–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219848500.
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Married women in India experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at alarming rates. This study explores regional differences in Indian women’s physical IPV experiences by looking at the effect of living in eight Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. It is hypothesized that women in EAG states will be more likely to have experienced physical IPV than women living outside EAG states. A sample of 65,587 women was selected from the 2005-2006 India National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3). Counter to our hypothesis, logistic regression results show that living in an EAG state decreases likelihood of physical IPV in the past 12 months.
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Kumar, Rajeev, and Balram Paswan. "Changes in socio-economic inequality in nutritional status among children in EAG states, India." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 6 (2021): 1304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021000343.
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AbstractObjective:The primary purpose of this study is to examine changes in socio-economic inequality in nutritional status (stunting and underweight) among children in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states.Design:The study is based on the most recent two wave’s cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 2005–2006 (NFHS-3) and 2015–2016 (NFHS-4). The study used height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight) of children as anthropometric indicators.Setting:EAG states including Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh in India.Participants:The study includes a total of 11 858 (NFHS-3) and 92 630 (NFHS-4) children under 5 years of age.Result:The socio-economic inequality in stunting remained unchanged in all EAG states. At the same time, the inequality in underweight decreased during 2005–2016. On decomposing, the factors contributing to socio-economic inequality revealed that household wealth index, mother’s education and mother’s nutritional status were the largest contributors to stunting (47 %, 24 % and 8 %) and underweight (51 %, 21 % and 16 %), respectively, in 2015–2016.Conclusion:The study concluded the socio-economic inequality in underweight among children under 5 years of age increased over the years in EAG states in India. Altogether, household wealth index, mother’s education and mother’s nutritional status contributed to nearly 80 % to inequality in stunting and 90 % to inequality in underweight in 2015–2016. Hence, efforts should be made to minimise the socio-economic inequality in the nutritional status of children, particularly in EAG states in India.
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AROKIASAMY, P., KSHIPRA JAIN, SRINIVAS GOLI, and JALANDHAR PRADHAN. "HEALTH INEQUALITIES AMONG URBAN CHILDREN IN INDIA: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF EMPOWERED ACTION GROUP (EAG) AND SOUTH INDIAN STATES." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 2 (2012): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000211.
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SummaryAs India rapidly urbanizes, within urban areas socioeconomic disparities are rising and health inequality among urban children is an emerging challenge. This paper assesses the relative contribution of socioeconomic factors to child health inequalities between the less developed Empowered Action Group (EAG) states and more developed South Indian states in urban India using data from the 2005–06 National Family Health Survey. Focusing on urban health from varying regional and developmental contexts, socioeconomic inequalities in child health are examined first using Concentration Indices (CIs) and then the contributions of socioeconomic factors to the CIs of health variables are derived. The results reveal, in order of importance, pronounced contributions of household economic status, parent's illiteracy and caste to urban child health inequalities in the South Indian states. In contrast, parent's illiteracy, poor economic status, being Muslim and child birth order 3 or more are major contributors to health inequalities among urban children in the EAG states. The results suggest the need to adopt different health policy interventions in accordance with the pattern of varying contributions of socioeconomic factors to child health inequalities between the more developed South Indian states and less developed EAG states.
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Kumar, Sarvesh, Damodar Sahu, and Nishanka Chauhan. "Factors Associated with Under-Five Mortality: A Comparison between Empowered Action Group (EAG) and Non-EAG States of India." Health 13, no. 11 (2021): 1190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2021.1311088.
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Kumar, Shailendra, and K. Anil Kumar. "Living Arrangement and Economic Dependency among the Elderly in India: a Comparative Analysis of EAG and Non EAG States." Ageing International 44, no. 4 (2019): 352–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12126-019-9344-3.
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Das, Hrushikesh, Jaya Tiwari, Sunita Jena, and Kushal Kumar Sahu. "Maternal health situation in the empowered action group states: how far we reached: a comparative analysis of national family health survey-3 and 4." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 8 (2021): 3970. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213030.
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Background: Maternal health constitutes the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the post-partum period. India is one the biggest contributor to maternal mortality, among all the states of India, the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states contributes 61.5% of total mortality, keeping in this view the study compared the NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 survey of the maternal health condition of EAG states of India and evaluated the relationship between maternal health status and predictors of EAG states of India in NFHS-3 and NFHS-4.Methods: This cross-sectional study adopted descriptive secondary data analyses of two rounds of nationally representative sample surveys NFHS-3 and NFHS-4. The data were obtained by the demographic and health survey website after proper procedures and compared for various maternal health indicators of EAG states.Results: In this investigation, progress has been observed from NFHS-3 to NFHS-4 however, the progress is very positive promising to growth. Where their full (antenatal care) ANC indicator growth is very steady. Education and domestic violence are still hampering the growth of full maternal health wellbeing.Conclusions: Given the status of maternal health in India and more especially in EAG states, more improvement in the performance of maternal health-related activities is highly necessary for which health system strengthening coupled with strong political will and community mobilization are some of the urgent strategies required in the EAG states. Above all community, awareness has a greater role in improving the health status in these.
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Singh, Rakesh Kumar, and Shraboni Patra. "Extent of Anaemia among Preschool Children in EAG States, India: A Challenge to Policy Makers." Anemia 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/868752.
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Background.India is the highest contributor to child anemia. About 89 million children in India are anemic. The study determines the factors that contributed to child anemia and examines the role of the existing programs in reducing the prevalence of child anemia particularly in the EAG states.Methods.The data from the latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) is used. Simple bivariate and multinomial logistics regression analyses are used.Results.About 70% children are anemic in all the EAG states. The prevalence of severe anemia is the highest (6.7%) in Rajasthan followed by Uttar Pradesh (3.6%) and Madhya Pradesh (3.4%). Children aged 12 to 17 months are significantly seven times (RR=7.99,P<0.001) more likely to be severely anemic compared to children of 36 to 59 months. Children of severely anemic mothers are also found to be more severely anemic (RR=15.97,P<0.001) than the children of not anemic mothers.Conclusions.The study reveals that the existing government program fails to control anemia among preschool children in the backward states of India. Therefore, there is an urgent need for monitoring of program in regular interval, particularly for EAG states to reduce the prevalence of anemia among preschool children.
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CHAUDHARY, SHILPA, and PADMA SURESH MANDALA. "ROLE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS, WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, AND GOVERNANCE IN MENSTRUAL HYGIENE MANAGEMENT IN EAG STATES, INDIA." Journal of Health Policy & Outcomes Research 1/2025 (April 12, 2025): 49. https://doi.org/10.7365/jhpor.2025.1.5.
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Objective: The study aims to examine the progress in menstrual hygiene management in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states, India between 2015-16 and 2019-21 and identify its correlates in terms of household characteristics, women’s characteristics, and quality of governance at the state level. Methods: The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is the primary data source for state-wise data on hygienic methods of menstrual protection (HMMP) and its potential correlates, namely household-level and women-specific characteristics. To assess the role of the quality of governance in the adoption of HMMP practices, the Governance Index is constructed using data on eleven variables from various secondary sources. The method of principal component analysis is used to construct the Women Empowerment Index and the Governance Index. The statistical methods also include computation of Karl Pearson’s bivariate correlation coefficients between the percent of women adopting HMMP practices and the covariates namely, household and women’s characteristics and the governance index as well as testing the statistical significance of the estimated correlation coefficients. Results: The study finds that the use of HMMP is positively correlated with household characteristics namely household wealth and general caste; women’s characteristics namely women’s education, empowerment, and exposure to the internet; and governance factors at the state-level. The study, however, does not find religion and exposure to mass media as exhibiting a statistically significant relationship with menstrual hygiene practices. Among the EAG states, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh exhibit the worst performance in HMMP, while Uttarakhand is the best performer and is an outlier with its exemplary performance in HMMP as well as in socio-economic indicators. Odisha and Rajasthan, despite mediocre performance in some of the socio-economic characteristics, show considerable improvements in menstrual hygiene largely due to successful government initiatives. Conclusion: The interplay of household, women’s characteristics and governance contributes to the poor performance of EAG states of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Chhattisgarh as compared to other states. The experience of EAG states highlights the importance of targeted state interventions and governance along with a supportive socio-economic environment in achieving the menstrual health of women. In addition to ensuring adequate income support, reducing social disparities, dispelling myths and taboos regarding menstrual health, and empowering women; the allocation of adequate funds and trained personnel can contribute significantly to the effective implementation of government schemes for improvements in menstrual hygiene. Keywords: Menstrual hygiene, Socio-economic factors, Women empowerment, Governance, EAG states, India
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Tisen, Olga N. "New Risks of Terrorism Financing through the Use of Cryptocurrencies in the EAG and CIS Member States." International criminal law and international justice 1 (February 22, 2024): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1190-2024-1-2-6.
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The article presents new risks of financing terrorism using cryptocurrencies and other virtual assets in the EAG and CIS countries. Based on an in-depth analysis of law enforcement practice and the specifics of the cultural and national diversity of the EAG and CIS states, the author provides relevant ways of financing terrorism that require adequate counteraction.
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Singh, Rakesh Kumar. "Lifestyle behavior affecting prevalence of anemia among women in EAG states, India." Journal of Public Health 21, no. 3 (2012): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-012-0548-1.
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N, Ravishankar, Merisin Joseph, and Sowmya Shashidhara. "Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states and Assam." Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 8, no. 1 (2020): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2019.06.008.
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Benedict, Trenton D., Stephen P. Boyte, and Devendra Dahal. "Differentiating Cheatgrass and Medusahead Phenological Characteristics in Western United States Rangelands." Remote Sensing 16, no. 22 (2024): 4258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16224258.
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Expansions in the extent and infestation levels of exotic annual grass (EAG) within the rangelands of the western United States are well documented. Land managers are tasked with developing plans to limit EAG spread and prevent irreversible ecosystem deterioration. The most common EAG species and the subject of extensive study is Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass). Cheatgrass has spread rapidly in western rangelands since its initial invasion more than 100 years ago. Another concerning aggressive EAG, Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead), is also commonly found in some of these areas. To control the spread of EAGs, researchers have investigated applying several control methods during different developmental stages of cheatgrass and medusahead. These control strategies require accurate maps of the timing and spatial patterns of the developmental stages to apply mitigation strategies in the correct areas at the right time. In this study, we developed annual phenological datasets for cheatgrass and medusahead with two objectives. The first objective was to determine if cheatgrass and medusahead can be differentiated at 30 m resolution using their phenological differences. The second objective was to establish an annual phenology metric regression tree model used to map the growing seasons of cheatgrass and medusahead. Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS)-derived predicted weekly cloud-free 30 m normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images were used to develop these metric maps. The result of this effort was maps that identify the start and end of sustained growing season time for cheatgrass and medusahead at 30 m for the Snake River Plain and Northern Basin and Range ecoregions. These phenological datasets also identify the start and end-of-season NDVI values, along with maximum NDVI throughout the study period. These metrics may be utilized to characterize annual growth patterns for cheatgrass and medusahead. This approach can be utilized to plan time-sensitive control measures such as herbicide applications or cattle grazing.
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AROKIASAMY, PERIANAYAGAM, and ABHISHEK GAUTAM. "NEONATAL MORTALITY IN THE EMPOWERED ACTION GROUP STATES OF INDIA: TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS." Journal of Biosocial Science 40, no. 2 (2008): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007002623.
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SummaryIn India, the eight socioeconomically backward states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh, referred to as the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states, lag behind in the demographic transition and have the highest infant mortality rates in the country. Neonatal mortality constitutes about 60% of the total infant mortality in India and is highest in the EAG states. This study assesses the levels and trends in neonatal mortality in the EAG states and examines the impact of bio-demographic compared with health care determinants on neonatal mortality. Data from India’s Sample Registration System (SRS) and National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-2, 1998–99) are used. Cox proportional hazard models are applied to estimate adjusted neonatal mortality rates by health care, bio-demographic and socioeconomic determinants. Variations in neonatal mortality by these determinants suggest that universal coverage of all pregnant women with full antenatal care, providing assistance at delivery and postnatal care including emergency care are critical inputs for achieving a reduction in neonatal mortality. Health interventions are also required that focus on curtailing the high risk of neonatal deaths arising from the mothers’ younger age at childbirth, low birth weight of children and higher order births with short birth intervals.
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Khanna, M., and D. Patil. "Disparities In Social Development & Status of Women In Bimaru / Eag States Of India." Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention 11, no. 4 (2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22359/cswhi_11_4_04.
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Bowser, Diana M., Rajesh Jha, Manjiri Bhawalkar, and Peter Berman. "The Challenge of Additionality: The Impact of Central Grants for Primary Healthcare on State-Level Spending on Primary Healthcare in India." International Journal of Health Policy and Management 8, no. 6 (2019): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.06.
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Background: In planning for universal health coverage, many countries have been examining their fiscal decentralization policies with the goal of increasing efficiency and equity via "additionalities." The concept of "additionality," when the government of a lower administrative level increases the funding allocated to a particular issue when extra funds are present, is often used in these contexts. Although the definition of "additionality" can be used more broadly, for the purposes of this paper we focus narrowly on the additional allocation of primary healthcare expenditures. This paper explores this idea by examining the impact of central level primary healthcare expenditure, on individual state level contributions to primary healthcare expenditure within 16 Indian states between 2005 and 2013. Methods: In examining 5 main variables, we compared differences between government expenditures, contributions, and revenues for Empowered Action Group (EAG) states, and non-EAG states. EAG states are normally larger states that have weaker public health infrastructure and hence qualify for additional funding. Finally, using a model that captured the quantity of central level primary healthcare expenditure distributions to these states, we measured its impact on each state’s own contributions to primary healthcare spending. Results: Our results show that, at the state level, growth in per capita central level primary healthcare expenditure has increased by 110% from 2005-2013, while state’s own contributions to primary healthcare expenditure per capita increased by 32%. Further analyses show that a 1% change disbursement from the central level leads to a -0.132%, although not significant, change by states in their own expenditure. The effect for wealthier states is -0.151% and significant and for poorer states the effect is smaller at -0.096% and not significant. Conclusion: This analysis suggests that increases in central level primary healthcare expenditure to states have an inverse relationship with primary healthcare expenditures by the state level. Furthermore, this effect is more pronounced in wealthier Indian states. This finding has policy implications on India’s decision to increase block grants to states in place of targeted program expenditures.
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Dahal, Devendra, Neal J. Pastick, Stephen P. Boyte, Sujan Parajuli, Michael J. Oimoen, and Logan J. Megard. "Multi-Species Inference of Exotic Annual and Native Perennial Grasses in Rangelands of the Western United States Using Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 4 (2022): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040807.
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The invasion of exotic annual grass (EAG), e.g., cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae), into rangeland ecosystems of the western United States is a broad-scale problem that affects wildlife habitats, increases wildfire frequency, and adds to land management costs. However, identifying individual species of EAG abundance from remote sensing, particularly at early stages of invasion or growth, can be problematic because of overlapping controls and similar phenological characteristics among native and other exotic vegetation. Subsequently, refining and developing tools capable of quantifying the abundance and phenology of annual and perennial grass species would be beneficial to help inform conservation and management efforts at local to regional scales. Here, we deploy an enhanced version of the U.S. Geological Survey Rangeland Exotic Plant Monitoring System to develop timely and accurate maps of annual (2016–2020) and intra-annual (May 2021 and July 2021) abundances of exotic annual and perennial grass species throughout the rangelands of the western United States. This monitoring system leverages field observations and remote-sensing data with artificial intelligence/machine learning to rapidly produce annual and early season estimates of species abundances at a 30-m spatial resolution. We introduce a fully automated and multi-task deep-learning framework to simultaneously predict and generate weekly, near-seamless composites of Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 spectral data. These data, along with auxiliary datasets and time series metrics, are incorporated into an ensemble of independent XGBoost models. This study demonstrates that inclusion of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Wetness Index time-series data generated from our deep-learning framework enables near real-time and accurate mapping of EAG (Median Absolute Error (MdAE): 3.22, 2.72, and 0.02; and correlation coefficient (r): 0.82, 0.81, and 0.73; respectively for EAG, cheatgrass, and medusahead) and native perennial grass abundance (MdAE: 2.51, r:0.72 for Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda)). Our approach and the resulting data provide insights into rangeland grass dynamics, which will be useful for applications, such as fire and drought monitoring, habitat suitability mapping, as well as land-cover and land-change modelling. Spatially explicit, timely, and accurate species-specific abundance datasets provide invaluable information to land managers.
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Kumar, Anil, Bal Kishan Gulati, Jeetendra Kumar, et al. "Childhood undernutrition inequalities in empowered action group states of India: evidence from NFHS, 2006-2016." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 10 (2021): 4817. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213777.
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Background: Child undernutrition is a major public health problem in many low and middle income countries and malnutrition alone accounted for 45% (3 million deaths annually) deaths among under-five children. Malnutrition is the concealed cause of one out of every two such deaths. A study was undertaken to examine the trends, determinants and socioeconomic-related inequalities in childhood undernutrition in empowered action group (EAG) states, India. The secondary data of the two rounds of National Family Health Survey, NFHS-3 (2005-06) and NFHS-4 (2015-16) comprising of 16,802 and 128,400 children aged 0-59 months respectively was analysed.Methods: Non-linear Fairlie decomposition was used to identify and quantify the separate contribution of different socioeconomic characteristics in gap of childhood malnutrion between 2006 and 2016.Results: Results show that the prevalence of undernutrition has decreased in EAG states during the last one decade, but the prevalence of wasting is remained almost same as 10 years back. The decomposition analysis shows that maternal education, household wealth and place of residence were contributing to socioeconomic inequality in childhood undernutrition from 2006 to 2016.Conclusions: There is a need to adopt different strategies of health policy intervention. It is important to have policies towards improving female literacy in the EAG states because maternal education plays a vital role in child health and literacy rate is very low among women in EAG states. The existence of a functional health insurance system and increasing universal coverage are recommended to mitigate child undernutrition, so that the vulnerable and deprived populations who are not able to access health care facilities, can easily access health care services for early detection and treatment of undernutrition without any financial constraint.
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Kundu, Shreenik, Alejandro Munoz Valencia, Sargun Kaur Virk, et al. "Defining blood deserts and access to blood products for 660 million people: a geospatial analysis of eight states in Northern India." BMJ Global Health 9, no. 10 (2024): e015637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015637.
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IntroductionBlood transfusion is crucial, but low-income and middle-income countries like India face a severe shortage of banked blood. This study focuses on the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states in India, where healthcare is limited, and health outcomes are poor. Our objective was to assess the blood banking infrastructure and access to blood products in these states.MethodsWe used e-Rakht Khosh, an online platform for blood availability data. We collected data on blood bank locations and stocks from 18 January to 9 February 2022 and used ArcGIS to determine the population residing within 30–60–90 min of a blood bank. Availability ratios were calculated by dividing available blood products by population in these catchment areas. Descriptive analysis characterised availability, and statistical tests evaluated differences across states and over the 4-week period.Results806 of 824 blood banks reported data on blood stocks. Our analysis showed that 25.72% of the EAG states’ population live within 30 min of a blood bank, while 61.45% and 92.46% live within 60 and 90 min, respectively.ConclusionBlood availability rates were low in the EAG states, with only 0.6 units per 1000 people. Additionally, only 61% of the population had access to blood-equipped facilities within an hour. These rates fell below the standards of the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (15 units per 1000 population) and the WHO (10 donations per 1000 population). The study highlights the challenges in meeting demand for blood in emergencies due to inadequate blood banking infrastructure.
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Sahoo, Dhiren, and Archana Kujur. "WASH ACCESS AND STUNTING: A STUDY OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN EAG STATES OF INDIA." Geographical Analysis 9, no. 2 (2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ga.v9i2.7.
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Introduction: The literature suggests that children living in the areas with widespread opendefecation, lack of access to safe drinking water and provision of hand hygiene are exposed to a higher level of microbial contamination. These conditions often keep children undernourished, diminishes their cognitive skills leading to intergenerational poverty. Methods: Using the individual and household data from Indian Human Development Survey 2012 (IHDS II), the study used binary logistic model to analyse the impact of household-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and health outcome of the children in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India. Results: The study suggested that having access to safe water, the chances of being not stunted are 20 per cent lower compared to the children accessing unsafe water. Similarly, children who have a household toilet and practice better hand hygiene, have 20 per cent higher chances of being not stunted against open defecating children and children who do not practice hand-hygiene habits. Other than WASH, the children’s demographic traits of being at a higher age, being female over male, indicated a significantly higher odds of being stunted. Conclusion: The empirical findings suggests that WASH has the ability to guide the child related policies with concrete approaches. Since the three components of the WASH are interdisciplinary it is suggested that combined WASH intervention have massive personal
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Mohanty, Sanjay K., and Akanksha Srivastava. "Cost and Utilisation of Hospital Based Delivery Care in Empowered Action Group (EAG) States of India." Maternal and Child Health Journal 17, no. 8 (2012): 1441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-012-1151-3.
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Dubey, Dharmendra Kumar, and Arindam Das. "Socio-Demographic Determinants of Anemia among Women: A Study about Empowered Action Group (EAG) States of India." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 5 (2019): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01096.9.
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Sharma, Arpan Kumar, Nayan Jyoti Nath, and Tanu Shukla. "Effect of Religion and Education on Fertility in the EAG States of India: Evidence from NFHS-4." SOCRATES 8, no. 1si (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2347-6869.2020.00005.9.
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Гехова, Дина, and Dina Gekhova. "LEGAL REGULATION OF LIABILITY FOR LAUNDERING (LEGALIZATION) OF THE PROCEEDS OF CORRUPTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 2, no. 4 (2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21247.
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The article notes that the Eurasian group on combating money laundering and financing of terrorism (EAG) is the largest of the regional FATF-type bodies (Group of development of financial measures for combating money laundering — Financial Action Task Force, FATF) from the point of view of the entire area and population of member States and it covers such countries as Belarus, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Observer status in the EAG has been granted to 16 States and 14 international and regional organizations. The key task of the EAG is to assist the regional States in the creation and development of national systems to combat money laundering and financing of terrorism. The implementation of this task is conducive to the economic security and stability of the region, it also prevents the threat of international terrorism and helps to increase investment attractiveness of the region. Republic of Kazakhstan, as a young member of the international community, in the beginning of its career was sympathetic to the recommendations and requirements of the world community to conform its domestic legislation to the norms and provisions of international law. Naturally, it was a time consuming process but today we can safely say that, overall, domestic law and criminal legislation of Kazakhstan, in particular the General principles, are consistent with international standards in this area. It propounds that Republic of Kazakhstan as a responsible member of the international community, it consistently seeks to implement the recommendations and provisions of international legal norms, and today the domestic law of Kazakhstan on countering the legalization of illegal income is in full compliance with the world standards.
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Chaudhary, Shilpa, and Padma Suresh Mandala. "Progress in Key Interventions for Reproductive and Maternal Health in High Priority Districts, India: Evidence from NFHS-4 and NFHS-5." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XII, no. XV (2025): 133–44. https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2025.121500012p.
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This paper assesses progress in key reproductive and maternal health (RMH) interventions in 190 high-priority districts (HPDs) across states and union territories in India using data from National Family Health Survey (NFHS) Rounds 4 and 5. The analysis of district-level performance across RMH indicators reveals the disparities and unequal progress across HPDs with results indicating a deterioration in RMH indicators in a larger number of HPDs in the non- Empowered Action Group (EAG) states compared to EAG states. The results also suggest that while some HPDs have made progress there is scope for considerable improvements in many districts that have exhibited limited progress. The cross-sectional district-level regression analysis indicates that the improvement in RMH outcomes is constrained by the poor economic status of households and the low status of women. Health infrastructure and the quality of healthcare services are also important determinants. The rising out-of-pocket expenditure in public health facilities shows the need for affordable reproductive and maternal healthcare facilities for low-income groups. The review of progress between 2015-16 and 2019-21 highlights the need for concerted district-level policy action on the indicators that show poor or regressive performance in HPDs to achieve the SDG goals in reproductive and maternal healthcare.
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Sarkar, Madhurima, Tanu Das, and Tamal Basu Roy. "Determinants or barriers associated with specific routine check-up in antenatal care in gestational period: A study from EAG states, India." Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 11 (July 2021): 100779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100779.
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Horwood, Geneviève, Charles Opondo, Saswati Sanyal Choudhury, Anjali Rani, and Manisha Nair. "Risk factors for maternal mortality among 1.9 million women in nine empowered action group states in India: secondary analysis of Annual Health Survey data." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (2020): e038910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038910.
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ObjectiveTo examine the risk factors for pregnancy-related death in India’s nine Empowered Action Group (EAG) states.DesignSecondary data analysis of the Indian Annual Health Survey (2010–2013).SettingNine states: Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.Participants1 989 396 pregnant women.MethodsMaternal mortality ratio (MMR), overall and for each state, with 95% CI was calculated. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association of risk factors with maternal mortality. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to assess the prediction of the model.Outcome measuresMMR adjusted for survey design, adjusted OR (aOR)with 95% CI and C-statistic with 95% CI.ResultsMMR calculated for the nine states was 383/100 000 live births (95% CI 346 to 423 per 100 000). Age exhibited a U-shaped association with maternal mortality. Not having a health scheme and belonging to a scheduled caste or scheduled tribe group were significant risk factors for maternal death with aOR of 2.72 (95% CI 2.41 to 3.07), 1.10 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.18) and 1.43 (95% CI 1.31 to 1.56), respectively. Socioeconomic status and rural residence were not associated with maternal mortality after adjusting for access to a healthcare facility. Complications of pregnancy and medical comorbidities were the strongest risk factors for maternal death (aOR 50.2, 95% CI 44.5 to 56.6). Together, the risk factors identified accounted for 89% (95% CI 0.887 to 0.894) of the AUROC.ConclusionsMaternal mortality in India’s EAG states greatly exceeds the national average. The identified risk factors demonstrate the importance of improving the quality of pregnancy care. Notably, the study showed that the risk conferred by poor socioeconomic status could be mitigated by universal access to healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth.
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Ansary, Rabiul, and Bhaswati Das. "Regional Patterns of Deprivation in India: An Assessment Based on Household Characteristics, Basic Amenities and Asset Possession." Social Change 48, no. 3 (2018): 367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085718781663.
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India remains home to 300 million people who live in extreme poverty and face multiple deprivations. Their homes lack basic services ranging from water, sanitation, electricity, health to education (Millennium Development Report, 2014). By mining the data available in the latest 2011 Census, this article attempts to provide a scheme of regionalisation on the basis of multi-dimensional deprivation of households across districts through an assessment of household dwelling characteristics, available basic amenities and assets possession. The study reveals that districts in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states perform the worst, while states located in the western and southern part of India and their districts are comparatively better off. The analysis concludes that households deprived of good housing conditions and basic amenities, facilities essential for healthy and productive manpower, tend to be asset poor.
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Pandey, Bindhy Wasini, Ganesh Yadav, Niharika Tripathi, and Praveen Kumar Pathak. "Reproductive and child health transition among selected empowered action groups states of India: A district-level analysis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0301587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301587.
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Background Health is an inseparable part of life and central to all life supporting systems. The reproductive and child health shares a major portion of public health cases that is crucial for socio-economic development. Studies on reproductive and child health have traditionally been focused on demographic aspects using socio-economic parameters. Given the emphasis of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-3 on health and well-being, it is imperative to understand the geo-spatial dimension with the visible transition of key health indicators of fertility, maternal and infant/child health in the high burdened districts within these high focus Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar that make up nearly 40% of India’s population with relatively laggard health status. Methodology This paper aims to understand the status and trend of key reproductive and child health indicators and vital statistics based on the recent representative demographic surveys. We intend to undertake a district level spatio-temporal analysis by developing District Composite Health Profile (DCHP) using Composite Index Method on selected 13 equally weighted key reproductive and child health indicators. The study has been carried out using data from National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–16) and National Family Health Survey-5 (2019–21) survey rounds. We employed geo-spatial techniques i.e. Moran’s–I, and univariate LISA to comprehend the geographical clustering of high and low health burden districts and their heterogeneities at the district level. Results/Conclusions The study highlights emerging inter-districts, and inter-state disparities over survey periods. With consistent improvement in the selected EAG states over time, the overall reproductive and child health status through DCHP along with each indicator was relatively better in the states of Rajasthan and worse in Bihar. Districts along the Terai belt in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar consistently performed sluggish during survey rounds. The geo-spatial clustering follows the political boundary of states, albeit with intra-state variations. Monitoring of key health indicators using composite index method provides a useful leverage for identifying priority districts/regions for universal health access that should also consider geographical space as an important policy dimension.
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Pradip, Chouhan. "Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children: A Comparative Assessment between Malda and Pakur Districts of West Bengal and Jharkhand." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 03, no. 09 (2018): 766–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1438927.
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UNICEF estimated that nearly 2.6 million children, who die due to malnutrition each year, are equivalent to one-third of all registered child deaths of the world (Alkema, 2014). All over the world, it is found that the half of the children’s death having due to malnutrition and most of these found in Asia having a death rate of 41%, Africa 51% and the rest of the world at 8%, (UNICEF, 2007). In developing countries, 1 out of every 4 children (roughly 146 million) is underweight and 10.9 million children under five years die each year. About 60 percent of the children’s death caused due to malnutrition and hunger-related diseases (UNICEF, 2007). In India, the percentage of child mortality is very high in EAG (Empowered Action Group States) compared to non-EAG states. In Pakur district the number of underweight children is more (46.9%)compared toMalda district (37.2%) due to high fertility, low birth spacing, low educational attainments and low family income. Families whose income is low, they can’t provide enough nutritional foods to their children and as a result, growth of the child is interrupted which leads to stunted and wasted growth of the child. This situation is more vulnerable in the rural areas of Pakur.In Pakur, Body Mass Index (BMI) of the children is very low that means they suffered from malnutrition. Due to low level of Growth, children are often suffering from various childhood morbidities. This study is an attempt to find out the comparative nutritional status of U5 children between Malda and Pakur districts of West Bengal and Jharkhand respectively.
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Ghosh, Koustav, Nilam V. Panchal, and Atreyee S. Chakraborty. "Spatial prevalence and its contextual determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in cases of C-section deliveries in India: a study based on National Family Health Survey-4, 2015-2016." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 6 (2022): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221551.
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Background: Delayed early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) between 2 to 23 hours has increased 1.3 times risk of neonatal and it goes up double when it crosses more than 24 hours. Babies who were born through caesarean section (C-section) were less likely to initiate early breastfeeding as compared to normal vaginal delivery.Methods: The present study has utilized 14774 weighted samples of C-section delivered women from National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) (2015-2016). Spatial analysis software i.e. ArcGIS 10.8 and STATA 14 including logistics regression has been utilized to show the spatial prevalence and contextual determinants of EIBF on C-section birth babies in India.Results: In India, around 31.8% of C-section mothers breastfeed their children within one hour of delivery. The prevalence of EIBF is highest in Goa and lowest in Rajasthan. The central part of India mostly from the empowered action group (EAG) states practices a very low level of EIBF practices whereas, the north-east region represents the highest prevalence for the same. The odds of logistic regression shows that mother’s higher education (OR: 1.38), everyday mass media exposure (OR: 1.66), and initiation of postnatal care (PNC) within one hour (OR: 1.79) help to increase the practices of EIBF. On the other hand, delivery in the private hospital (OR: 0.61).Conclusions: The study shows remarkable geographical variations in EIBF and its correlates in the country. It recommends that the public health programmes need to target the states with less practice of EIBF (i.e. EAG state or central part of India) F among C-section delivery mothers. By increasing the level of mothers’ education status, mass media exposure and early PNC care can improve the EIBF practices among C-section mothers in India.
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Mishra, Piyush Kumar, and Vijay Kumar Mishra. "Scenario of under nutrition among under five years children in India and its states: findings from National Family Health Survey." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 8 (2020): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203382.
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Background: The status of undernutrition among under 5years children living in India is a public health concern. Our study identified contributed factors of undernutrition and current scenario of undernutrition among children living across Indian states. Objective of the study was to know the current scenario of undernutrition among under 5 years children across Indian states and to examine the associated factors with this.Methods: This study used data from 4th round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) that was coordinated by International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) during 2015-16 under the ministry of health and family welfare, GoI. Multiple logistic regression model was done to study the association between outcome (under nutrition) and socio-economic and bio-medical predictors.Results: This study identified four empowered action group (EAG) states as the problem states because of the greater number of undernourished children living in these states than other Indian states. The children whose mothers were fully exposed to mass media like newspapers/radio/television, have lower prevalence of undernutrition (50.6%). The results of multiple logistic regression revealed that the children belonging to poorest households were 2 times more likely [OR-CI, 2.35 (2.27-2.44)] to be undernourished than those belonging to richest.Conclusions: Undernutrition can be reduced through awareness with the help of mass media, providing higher education to women and reducing socio-economic inequalities. It is necessary to re-think about nutritional policy with respect to children under 5 years and frame a full proof implementation plan to reduce undernutrition in India.
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Chandra, Subhash, Dr Rajesh Kumar, and Dr Sarita Gautam. "Correlation between Human Development Indices and Epidemiological Transition Ratio among Indian States." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 11 (2022): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20221112.
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Context: With almost one-fifth of the world’s population living in India, the health status and the drivers of health loss are expected to vary between different parts of the country and between the states. In 2016, 55% of the total disease burden in India was caused by NCDs, 33% by CMNNDs, and 12% by injuries. There are recognizable interconnections between health, particularly NCDs, and sustainable development. Addressing them requires careful attention to underlying social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental determinants that operate at societal level and in turn influence the behavioural risk factors. Objective: To analyze the correlation between Human development Indices and Epidemiological transition Ratio among Indian states. Design and Methods: Correlation non-experimental study based on, human development index data (UNDP) HDI -India 2019 and epidemiological transition ratio (ETR) of India states and Delhi taken from – ICMR -India states disease burden 2017. Statistical analysis used: Spearman Rank Order correlation coefficient Results: The association between the human development indices and epidemiological transition ratio is statistically significant indicating a positive relationship between the HDI indices education, income and Health with non-communicable diseases and injury. Conclusions: The combination of a double burden of disease with high morbidity rates presents challenges for improving the overall health status of the population and necessitates a comprehensive policy and action to prevent and control this burden. Key words: BMI, DALYs, EAG, GDP, HDI
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Shrivastava, Pinki. "Causes of Maternal Mortality Rate: Postpartum Haemorrhage - A Major Cause in Madhya Pradesh." International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research 8, no. 4 (2022): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.202111.
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Maternal mortality is an indicator of the state of maternal health services, status of women, women’s health, and above all development of the nation. 15% of global maternal deaths can be attributed to India alone. The lifetime risk of maternal death in India is 1 in 220 as compared to 1 in 5800 in the UK. The major burden of maternal mortality is in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. As per recent SRS data, 2014–2016, the Maternal mortality rate (MMR) observed in Madhya Pradesh (MP) was 173.Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide with a prevalence rate of approximately 6%; 50% of these are due to atonic PPH. According to WHO 2014- in India.
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Tabanca, Nurhayat, Jerome Niogret, Paul E. Kendra, and Nancy D. Epsky. "TLC-Based Bioassay to Isolate Kairomones from Tea Tree Essential Oil That Attract Male Mediterranean Fruit Flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)." Biomolecules 10, no. 5 (2020): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10050683.
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The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) poses a major threat to fruit and vegetable production in the United States and throughout the world. New attractants and detection methods could improve control strategies for this invasive pest. In this study, we developed a method that combined thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of tea tree essential oil (TTO) (Melaleuca alternifolia) with short-range bioassays to isolate attractive kairomones for male C. capitata. After development, the TLC chromatogram indicated that TTO separated into five major spots, designated as zones 1 to 5. When the TLC plate was exposed to flies, zones 1 and 3 were strongly attractive to male C. capitata. To confirm activity, the developed TLC plate was cut into five zones which were then tested in short-range bioassays. Again, flies were observed to aggregate around zones 1 and 3, which corresponded with Rf values of 0.93 and 0.59. In addition, zones 1 to 5 were separated using preparative-TLC, and olfactory responses to volatile emissions from the five fractions were quantified by electroantennography (EAG). Highest amplitude EAG responses were recorded with fractions 1 and 3, further supporting the bioactivity of these samples. In conclusion, a TLC-based bioassay system can provide an effective, rapid screening protocol for initial isolation of insect kairomones from complex mixtures such as essential oils or plant extracts. Further analysis of TTO fractions 1 and 3 is needed to identify the specific constituents attractive to male C. capitata.
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Babu, Cimil. "Maternal Deaths in India: A Review of Trends and Programmes." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 07, no. 03 (2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.202113.
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High-quality services during childbirth in a health care facility reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. High maternal mortality in India is a critical concern. In an attempt to decrease the maternal mortality rate (MMR), the Government of India has launched many programmes. This article discusses the trends in maternal mortality in India with the inter-state disparities. As per Sample Registration System (SRS), MMR in India was estimated to be 556 in 1990, but globally it was only 385 at that time. India has achieved about a 77% reduction in maternal mortality compared to the global average of 43% between 2005 and 2017, but a huge inter-state disparity in maternal death still exists. Approximately 65%-75% of the estimated maternal deaths in India occur in a few states, including the eight Empowered Action Group (EAG) states (Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand), and Assam. For instance, the MMR reported for Assam (state which has the highest MMR) was 215 in 2017-18 which is five times higher than that of Kerala (43), which has the least MMR of all states. Most of the maternal deaths are due to direct causes and are largely preventable and treatable. There was a consistent reduction in MMR as a result of a number of interventions and programmes including Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) which helped in surging institutional deliveries.
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Perharič, Lucija, Tanja Fatur, and Jernej Drofenik. "European Union’s strategy on endocrine disrupting chemicals and the current position of Slovenia." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 67, no. 2 (2016): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2728.
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AbstractIn view of the European Union regulations 1107/2009 and 528/2012, which say that basic substances in plant protection and biocidal products marketed in the European Union (EU) should not have an inherent capacity to cause endocrine disruption, an initiative was started to define scientific criteria for the identification of endocrine disruptors (EDs). The objectives of the EU strategy on EDs are to protect human health and the environment, to assure the functioning of the market, and to provide clear and coherent criteria for the identification of EDs that could have broad application in the EU legislation. Policy issues were to be addressed by the Ad-hoc group of Commission Services, EU Agencies and Member States established in 2010, whereas the scientific issues were to be addressed by the Endocrine Disruptors Expert Advisory Group (ED EAG), established in 2011. The ED EAG adopted the 2002 World Health Organization (WHO) definition of endocrine disruptor and agreed that for its identification it is necessary to produce convincing evidence of a biologically plausible causal link between an adverse effect and endocrine disrupting mode of action. In 2014, the European Commission proposed four ED identification criteria options and three regulatory options, which are now being assessed for socio-economic, environmental, and health impact. Slovenia supports the establishing of identification criteria and favours option 4, according to which ED identification should be based on the WHO definition with the addition of potency as an element of hazard characterisation. As for regulatory options, Slovenia favours the risk-based rather than hazard-based regulation.
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Das, Tanu, and Tamal Basu Roy. "Use of time-varying and time-constant coefficient in hazard event analysis of Girl’s child marriage: A study from the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India." Children and Youth Services Review 117 (October 2020): 105292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105292.
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Baños, Raul, Michelle Barretos-Ruvalcaba, and Antonio Baena-Extremera. "Protocolo de estudio de las variables académicas, psicológicas y de actividad física que influyen en el rendimiento académico de adolescentes mexicanos y españoles | Protocol for the study of the academic, psychological and physical activity variables that influence the academic performance of Mexican and Spanish adolescents." ESPIRAL. CUADERNOS DEL PROFESORADO 12, no. 25 (2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/ecp.v12i25.2480.
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El objetivo del presente trabajo será analizar las diferencias académicas, personales y ambientales de los estudiantes pertenecientes a los estados de Baja California y Nuevo León (México) y de la Comunidad Autónoma (CCAA) de Andalucía (España). El diseño de la muestra será probabilístico por centros, estratificado, polietápico, por afijación proporcional, teniendo en cuenta que se seleccionará la muestra de dos Estados de México (Nuevo León y Baja California) y la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía (España). Los centros de educación secundaria que participarán en el proyecto de investigación serán seleccionados de forma aleatoria simple. El instrumento a utilizar será un cuestionario compuesto por las escalas: Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven, Rendimiento académico, Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), Escala de Autoestima Global de Rosenberg (EAG), Physical Education Classroom Instrument (PECI), Satisfacción con la vida (SATV), Satisfacción con la escuela (SATD), Satisfacción Intrínseca con las materias (SIM), Niveles de actividad física en el tiempo libre. En este artículo se presenta el diseño de la investigación. Pensamos que los hallazgos de la presente investigación tendrán una gran repercusión en los sistemas educativos de ambos países. Los hallazgos del estudio se difundirán a través de revistas de impacto científico y presentaciones en conferencias de carácter internacional.AbstractThe objective of the present work will be to analyze the academic, personal and environmental differences of the students belonging to the states of Baja California and Nuevo León (Mexico) and of the Autonomous Community (CCAA) of Andalucía (Spain). The sample design will be probabilistic by centers, stratified, multi-stage, by proportional affixation, taking into account that the sample will be selected from two States of Mexico (Nuevo León and Baja California) and the Autonomous Community of Andalucía (Spain). Secondary education centers that will participate in the research project will be selected in a simple random manner. The instrument to be used will be a questionnaire composed of scales: Raven Progressive Matrices Test, Academic Performance, Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), Rosenberg Global Self-Esteem Scale (EAG), Physical Education Classroom Instrument (PECI), Satisfaction with life (SATV), Satisfaction with school (SATD), Intrinsic satisfaction with the subjects (SIM) and Levels of physical activity in free time. In this article we present the design of the research. We believe that the findings of this research will have a great impact on the educational systems of both countries. The findings of the study will be disseminated through scientific impact journals and presentations at international conferences.
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Pritam, Ghosh. "Maternal Biophysical Influence on Low Birth Weight: A study on Empowered Action Group States in India." Indian Journal of Spatial Science 12, no. 2 (2021): 28–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5522679.
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The primary goal of the study is to examine the variation in infant mean birth weight and the heterogeneity in the distribution of LBW of infants from mothers with varying biophysical characteristics. As a result, the study also sought to identify the important determinants of the prevalence of low-weight birth in the study area. The study made use of fourth-round National Family Survey data from selected Empowered Action Group states in India. The analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA, the Chi-square test, and multivariate binary logistic regression. The mean birth weight of infants varies significantly depending on the biophysical characteristics of the mother. Maternal height, weight, underweight nutritional status (OR = 1.285; p-value < 0.01), and severe & moderate anaemia level (OR=1.107; p-value<0.001) have all been identified as significant determinants of LBW. Aside from this, the birth interval and Convulsion during pregnancy have an impact on the prevalence of low birth weight in the study area. The prevalence of LBW in the region is close to 40.02 percent (based solely on weighted cases), which is higher than the national average. The government must invest more in various antenatal quality care and delivery care schemes for the selected states in order to bring these states out of a relatively high prevalence of LBW.
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Pal, Ranabir, ForhadAkhtar Zaman, Sumit Aggarwal, et al. "Exploratory study on the operational issues faced in collection, transportation, and laboratory testing related to COVID-19 in remote areas of selected EAG states of North East and East India." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 10, no. 3 (2021): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2130_20.
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Mishra, Radhe Shyam, and Sanjay K. Mohanthy. "Socioeconomic and health correlates disability in India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 2 (2018): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180236.
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Background: Disabled people suffered from multiple deprivations; poor health, low educational attainment, lower work participation and higher incidence of poverty. With demographic and epidemiological transition, the prevalence of disability also increases. This paper examines the socio economic and health correlates of disability in India. Methods: The unit data from District Level Household Survey (DLHS 4), is used in the analysis. Seven type of disability; namely, mental, visual, hearing, speech, locomotor, multiple, and any disability are analysed. Bi-variate and logistic regression analysis has been used to examine the association between disability and its socioeconomic, health covariates. Results: Prevalence of any disability was 2800 per 100,000 population in India. Prevalence of disability in non-empowered action group (EAG) states was highest for visual (800) followed by locomotor, hearing and mental. Age gradient of disability is quite strong; about 1140 person had any disability by age 10 compared to 3290 by age 40 years. Economic differentials in disability is large. Prevalence of any disability was 3680 among poorest wealth quintile compared to 2540 among richest. Conclusions: Disability was significantly higher in poor, less educated and older adults.
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Verma, Vivek, Dilip C. Nath, and S. N. Dwivedi. "Bayesian estimation of fertility rates under imperfect age reporting." Statistics in Transition new series 24, no. 2 (2023): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.59170/stattrans-2023-019.
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This article outlines the application of the Bayesian method of parameter estimation to situations where the probability of age misreporting is high, leading to transfers of an individual from one age group to another. An essential requirement for Bayesian estimation is prior distribution, derived for both perfect and imperfect age reporting. As an alternative to the Bayesian methodology, a classical estimator based on the maximum likelihood principle has also been discussed. Here, the age misreporting probability matrix has been constructed using a performance indicator, which incorporates the relative performance of estimators based on age when reported correctly instead of misreporting. The initial guess of performance indicators can either be empirically or theoretically derived. The method has been illustrated by using data on Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India from National Family Health Survey-3 (2005–2006) to estimate the total marital fertility rates. The present study reveals through both a simulation and real-life set-up that the Bayesian estimation method has been more promising and reliable in estimating fertility rates, even in situations where age misreporting is higher than in case of classical maximum likelihood estimates.
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Agarwal, Medhavi, H. S. Joshi, Ruchi Tanwar, Arun Singh, Rashmi Katyal, and Deepak Upadhyay. "An evaluation: IYCF practices in rural area of Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 1 (2017): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175803.
Full textAbstract:
Background: In recent Annual Health Survey conducted in India from 2010 to 2013 covering all the 284 districts (as per 2011 census) of 8 Empowered Action Group (EAG) States (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Rajasthan) and Assam, only 21% of breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding children are fed in accordance with the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) recommendations thus this study was taken up to evaluate the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) recommendations practices in Bareilly district of U.P. Objective is to evaluate the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in rural area of Bareilly district, U.P.Methods: Community based Cross sectional study was conducted using 30 by 7 cluster sampling technique in rural area of Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh from August 2017 to September 2017 in all children of age 1 year residing in the study area. Sample size was 210.The results were compiled and analyzed in Epi info-7.2.Results: In this study 69.5% children were put to breast feeding with in 1 hour of birth. Prelacteal feed was given to 20.5% of studied population.Conclusions: There have been considered developments in the status of IYCF practices in Bareilly as compared to National Family Health Survey-3 at national level yet the scope for further progress is substantial.