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Journal articles on the topic 'Eagles minimal essential medium'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Cinatl, J., J. Cinatl, V. Gerein, B. Kornhuber, and H. W. Doerr. "The establishment and characterization of mouse L-929 cells in protein-free Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium." Journal of Biological Standardization 16, no. 4 (January 1988): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-1157(88)90012-1.

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Hnat, Michael, and Roger E. Bawdon. "Transfer of Meropenem in the ex Vivo Human Placenta perfusion Model." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 4 (2005): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/961356.

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Objectives.To determine maternal-fetal transplacental passage of meropenem in the ex vivo human perfusion model.Study design.Term placentae (n= 6) were collected immediately after delivery. A single cotyledon was localized, perfused and stabilized with physiologic Eagles minimal essential medium containing 3% bovine albumin and heparin as described by Chalier (Chalier JC. Criteria for evaluating perfusion experiments and presentation results. Contrib Gynecol Obstet 1985; 13:32–39). Meropenem was added to the maternal medium in concentrations similar to maternal serum peak and trough levels, th

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3

Seino, Satoshi, Yasuo Imoto, Tomoya Kosaka, Tomoki Nishida, Takashi Nakagawa, and Takao A. Yamamoto. "Antiviral Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Immobilized onto Textile Fabrics Synthesized by Radiochemical Process." MRS Advances 1, no. 11 (2016): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.43.

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ABSTRACTAntiviral activity of metallic Ag nanoparticles immobilized on textile fabrics were investigated. The Ag nanoparticles synthesized by radiochemical process are firmly immobilized on the surface of support textile fabrics of cotton. Small Ag particles of about 2–4 nm were observed together with relatively large particles of more than 10 nm. The Ag nanoparticles showed antiviral activity against Influenza A and Feline Calicivirus. The antiviral activity significantly depended on the concentration of the Eagle’s minimal essential medium. It was implied that the surface passivation by inhi

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Tung, L. C. "Immunocytochemistrical Studies on Cytoskeletal Change in Cultured Cardiomyocyte of Tilapia." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 888–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760003693x.

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In the present study, the myofibril regeneration in the long-term cultured fish cardiomyocytes was studied with immunocytochemistry.Adult Tilapia heart was dissociated into a single-cell suspension with collagenase and protease-minced tissue method. The culture medium was Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) with Earle's salts, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 1 x nonessential amino acid mixture, 100 IU/ml penicillin G, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. The cultured cells were grown in a humidified CO2 incubator at 28°Cand in a medium without glutamine for eliminating fibroblast contaminati

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Heredia, Nelly Solfania, Ann Sabrina Ávila, and Luz Elena Velásquez. "In vitro culture of L3 larvae of nematodes obtained from the African giant snail Lissachatina fulica (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Santa Fe de Antioquia." Biomédica 38 (August 1, 2018): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v38i3.3408.

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Introducción. Más de 170 municipios colombianos están invadidos por Lissachatina fulica, caracol africano que puede portar larvas de nematodos de interés en salud humana y veterinaria. Los parásitos entran al caracol huésped intermediario en el estadio de larva L1, y allí cambian a L2 y L3, formas estas capaces de infectar a vertebrados.Objetivo. Estandarizar el cultivo in vitro de las L3 portadas por especímenes de L. fulica recolectados en Santa Fe de Antioquia.Materiales y métodos. Entre julio y noviembre de 2014 se recolectaron 10 caracoles, se sacrificaron y se digirieron con ácido clorhí

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Mouat, M. F., A. C. Cantrell, and K. L. Manchester. "Membrane potential of rat hepatoma cells in culture: Influence of factors affecting amino acid transport." Bioscience Reports 15, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01540451.

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The effect has been studied of various media, hormones and of amino acids on the membrane potential of rat hepatoma cells in culture measured by microelectrode impalement. Cells in Eagle's minimal essential medium plus 5% serum had a value which varied daily from about 5–8 mV, inside negative. The membrane potential of rat hepatocytes was measured to be 8.7 ± 0.2mV, inside negative. The membrane potential of the hepatoma cells was decreased by insulin and increased by glucagon. Membrane potential was unaffected by change of medium to Hanks' or Earle's balanced salt solutions or deprivation of

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Al-Nazhan, Saad, and Afaf Al-Nasser. "Viability of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts in Tissue Culture After Exposure to Different Contact Lens Solutions." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 7, no. 4 (2006): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-7-4-37.

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Abstract Aim The viability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells is critical for successful healing of replanted avulsed teeth. Viability is primarily dependent on the duration of the extra-alveolar time and storage medium used to preserve teeth. Several storage media have been suggested but milk ranks highest. It would be desirable to evaluate other media as a suitable alternative for milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of human PDL fibroblasts and their morphology after storage in different types of contact lens solutions. Methods and Materials PDL fibroblasts we

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Kellermayer, Miklós S. Z., Tamás Henics, György Szücs, and Gerald H. Pollack. "Electron microscopic analysis of the microtubular structure of HEp-2 cells." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100159898.

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The HEp-2 cell line was first established by Moore, et al. and today it serves as a widely used subject for a large variety of microbiological and cell-biological experiments. A tubular structure of unknown origin and function has been described first in virally infected, and later in uninfected HEp-2 cells. However, this tubular structure has not been further analyzed. We performed transmission (TEM) and whole cell mount electron microscopic studies of monolayer HEp-2 cells to morphologically describe the structure and relate it to other organelles of the cell.For embedding, HEp-2 cells were

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Tifrea, Delia F., Pooja Ralli-Jain, Sukumar Pal, and Luis M. de la Maza. "Vaccination with the Recombinant Major Outer Membrane Protein Elicits Antibodies to the Constant Domains and Induces Cross-Serovar Protection against Intranasal Challenge with Chlamydia trachomatis." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 5 (March 11, 2013): 1741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00734-12.

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ABSTRACTTo determine the ability of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) to elicit cross-serovar protection, groups of mice were immunized by the intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes with recombinant MOMP (rMOMP) fromChlamydia trachomatisserovars D (UW-3/Cx), E (Bour), or F (IC-Cal-3) orChlamydia muridarumstrain Nigg II using CpG-1826 and Montanide ISA 720 VG as adjuvants. Negative-control groups were immunized i.m. and s.c. withNeisseria gonorrhoeaerecombinant porin B (Ng-rPorB) or i.n. with Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM-0). Following vaccination, the mice developed

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Reader, S. C. J., B. Davison, J. G. Ratcliffe, and W. R. Robertson. "Measurement of low concentrations of bovine thyrotrophin by iodide uptake and organification in porcine thyrocytes." Journal of Endocrinology 106, no. 1 (July 1985): 13—NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1060013.

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ABSTRACT Thyrocytes isolated from porcine thyroids by mechanical and enzymatic dispersion and cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium, supplemented with 5% (v/v) fetal calf serum, glutamine and cortisol, formed a continuous monolayer within 48 h. This monolayer was without cytochemical peroxidase and diaphorase (NADPH reoxidation) activity. In the presence of bovine thyrotrophin (bTSH; 50 mu./l) the cells developed a follicular-like architecture which was maximal at 4 days before reverting back to a uniform monolayer at 6 days. There were no detectable changes in the total DNA content ove

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Knight, Susan K., and Richard L. Knight. "Vigilance Patterns of Bald Eagles Feeding in Groups." Auk 103, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.2.263.

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Abstract Patterns of vigilant behavior of wintering Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) feeding on spawned salmon were examined in 1983-1984 on the Nooksack River in northwestern Washington. Vigilance in feeding birds has, in general, been attributed to predator detection; however, we proposed an additional function of vigilance in socially feeding birds that are vulnerable to food robbery and possible injury by conspecifics. We tested predictions of two nonexclusive hypotheses: (1) eagles look up while feeding to detect danger from humans, and (2) eagles look up while feeding to detect pir

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Ellsworth, J. L., C. Chandrasekaran, and A. D. Cooper. "Evidence for sterol-independent regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity in Hep-G2 cells." Biochemical Journal 279, no. 1 (October 1, 1991): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2790175.

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The relationship between the serum factor(s)-mediated induction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity and changes in cellular cholesterol metabolism was examined in the human hepatoma cell line Hep-G2. Relative to incubation with serum-free media [Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) control], short-term (less than 8 h) incubation with medium containing 15% of either calf serum (MEM + serum) or the d greater than 1.25 fraction of calf serum (MEM + d greater than 1.25) produced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the uptake of 125I-LDL. Immunoblotting with anti-(LDL r

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13

Stewart, R. R., D. J. Zou, J. M. Treherne, K. Mollgard, N. R. Saunders, and J. G. Nicholls. "The intact central nervous system of the newborn opossum in long-term culture: fine structure and GABA-mediated inhibition of electrical activity." Journal of Experimental Biology 161, no. 1 (November 1, 1991): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.161.1.25.

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1. The entire central nervous system (CNS) of the newly born, South American opossum (Monodelphis domestica) was isolated and maintained in basal medium, Eagle's (BME) with 0.2% foetal calf serum and antibiotics. Isolated CNS preparations remained electrically excitable for up to 10 days. The fine structure of the spinal cord was normal after 5 days in culture: axons, synapses, dendrites and glia were virtually unchanged. Signs of degeneration were evident only in dorsal areas of the spinal cord, which had been denervated by removal of the dorsal root ganglia during dissection. 2. Amino acid t

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Rubessa, M., R. Rocha, L. Lima, R. Winters, J. R. Figueiredo, and M. B. Wheeler. "136 COMPARISON OF NCSU-23 AND ALPHA-MINIMAL ESSENTIAL MEDIA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISOLATED PORCINE PREANTRAL FOLLICLES IN VITRO." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab136.

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To develop a preantral follicular culture system that will support follicular growth and result in fertilizable oocytes, we conducted an experiment designed to determine the best medium for culture. In our preliminary experiment, we compared 2 common base media used for porcine oocytes: α-minimal essential medium and NCSU-23. Ovaries were collected from prepubertal gilts at a local abattoir and transported to the laboratory in saline solution (0.9% NaCl) maintained at 30–35°C. The ovaries were cut into small pieces (1–3 mm), and preantral follicles were isolated mechanically. Preantral follicl

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15

Luo, Jun, Yasuhiro Matsuo, Galina Gulis, Haylee Hinz, Jana Patton-Vogt, and Stevan Marcus. "Phosphatidylethanolamine Is Required for Normal Cell Morphology and Cytokinesis in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 5 (March 13, 2009): 790–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00029-09.

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ABSTRACT To investigate the contributions of phosphatidylethanolamine to the growth and morphogenesis of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we have characterized three predicted genes in this organism, designated psd1, psd2, and psd3, encoding phosphatidylserine decarboxylases, which catalyze the conversion of phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. S. pombe mutants carrying deletions in any one or two psd genes are viable in complex rich medium and synthetic defined minimal medium. However, mutants carrying deletions in all three

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16

Meuleman, N., T. Tondreau, D. Bron, and L. Lagneaux. "Human marrow mesenchymal stem cell culture: serum-free medium allows better expansion than classical alpha-minimal essential medium (MEM)." European Journal of Haematology 78, no. 2 (January 5, 2007): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.2006.00795.x.

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Hasona, Adnan, Youngnyun Kim, F. G. Healy, L. O. Ingram, and K. T. Shanmugam. "Pyruvate Formate Lyase and Acetate Kinase Are Essential for Anaerobic Growth of Escherichia coli on Xylose." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 22 (November 15, 2004): 7593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.22.7593-7600.2004.

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ABSTRACT During anaerobic growth of bacteria, organic intermediates of metabolism, such as pyruvate or its derivatives, serve as electron acceptors to maintain the overall redox balance. Under these conditions, the ATP needed for cell growth is derived from substrate-level phosphorylation. In Escherichia coli, conversion of glucose to pyruvate yields 2 net ATPs, while metabolism of a pentose, such as xylose, to pyruvate only yields 0.67 net ATP per xylose due to the need for one (each) ATP for xylose transport and xylulose phosphorylation. During fermentative growth, E. coli produces equimolar

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18

Scollan, N. D., B. W. McBride, N. S. Jessop, G. F. Allan, and J. D. Oldham. "The influence of sex, feeding and genotype on sodium-potassium ATPase activity in erythrocytes from young dairy calves." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas93-100.

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The activity of sodium-potassium ATPase was assessed in erythrocytes from calves of both sexes with either low or high pedigree indices for milk yield. Animals were sampled in both fasted and fed states, and enzyme activity was determined in minimal essential medium ± fetal calf serum. Genotype did not influence enzyme activity, but effects of sex, feeding level and incubation medium were observed. Key words: Calves (dairy), genotype, sodium-potassium ATPase, erythrocyte, sex, incubation medium

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Knels, Lilla, Doris Goetze, Katrin Engelmann, and Monika Valtink. "Serum-free medium and hydroxyethyl starch supports cell survival better than Minimal Essential Medium and dextran in organ-cultured mouse corneas." British Journal of Ophthalmology 98, no. 12 (October 6, 2014): 1744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305450.

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Joyce, Andrew R., Jennifer L. Reed, Aprilfawn White, Robert Edwards, Andrei Osterman, Tomoya Baba, Hirotada Mori, Scott A. Lesely, Bernhard Ø. Palsson, and Sanjay Agarwalla. "Experimental and Computational Assessment of Conditionally Essential Genes in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 23 (September 29, 2006): 8259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00740-06.

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ABSTRACT Genome-wide gene essentiality data sets are becoming available for Escherichia coli, but these data sets have yet to be analyzed in the context of a genome scale model. Here, we present an integrative model-driven analysis of the Keio E. coli mutant collection screened in this study on glycerol-supplemented minimal medium. Out of 3,888 single-deletion mutants tested, 119 mutants were unable to grow on glycerol minimal medium. These conditionally essential genes were then evaluated using a genome scale metabolic and transcriptional-regulatory model of E. coli, and it was found that the

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Sohlenkamp, Christian, Karel E. E. de Rudder, and Otto Geiger. "Phosphatidylethanolamine Is Not Essential for Growth of Sinorhizobium meliloti on Complex Culture Media." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 6 (March 15, 2004): 1667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.6.1667-1677.2004.

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ABSTRACT In addition to phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin (CL), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), Sinorhizobium meliloti also possesses phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a major membrane lipid. The biosynthesis of PC in S. meliloti can occur via two different routes, either via the phospholipid N-methylation pathway, in which PE is methylated three times in order to obtain PC, or via the phosphatidylcholine synthase (Pcs) pathway, in which choline is condensed with CDP-diacylglycerol to obtain PC directly. Therefore, for S. meliloti, PC biosynthesis can occur via PE as an intermediate or via a

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Shi, Wanliang. "Activity of Pyrazinamide against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at Neutral pH in PZA-S1 Minimal Medium." Antibiotics 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080909.

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Susceptibility testing of tuberculosis (TB) drugs on Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential for the rapid detection of strains resistant to the drugs, providing the patient with effective treatment, and preventing the spread of drug-resistant TB strains. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is one of the first-line agents used for the treatment of TB. However, current phenotypic PZA susceptibility testing is unreliable due to its performance in acidic pH conditions. The aims of this study were to develop minimal media to determine the activity of PZA at a neutral pH at 37 °C to avoid problems caused by an acid

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Miethke, Marcus, Helga Westers, Evert-Jan Blom, Oscar P. Kuipers, and Mohamed A. Marahiel. "Iron Starvation Triggers the Stringent Response and Induces Amino Acid Biosynthesis for Bacillibactin Production in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 24 (September 29, 2006): 8655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01049-06.

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ABSTRACT Iron deprivation in bacteria causes the derepression of genes controlled by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur). The present microarray analysis of iron-starved Bacillus subtilis cells grown in minimal medium unveils additional physiological effects on a large number of genes linked to stringent-response regulation and to genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis associated with pathways essential for bacillibactin production.

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King, W. A., P. Guay, and L. Picard. "A cytogenetical study of 7-day-old bovine embryos of poor morphological quality." Genome 29, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-027.

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Seven-day-old embryos were collected from Canadian Holstein and Ayrshire heifers after superovulation with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). A total of 103 morphologically abnormal (type C) and 23 morphologically normal (type A) embryos were cytogenetically analyzed after 4, 20–24, or 44–48 h of culture in enriched phosphate-buffered saline or Eagles minimum essential medium. Twenty-one of 23 (91.3%) type A and 75 of 103 (72.8%) type C embryos had cells in metaphase. Among the 21 type C embryos produced by PMSG stimulation, 17 (80.9%) could be ana

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Zhu, Jiajun, Simon Schwörer, Mirela Berisa, Yeon Ju Kyung, Keun Woo Ryu, Junmei Yi, Xuejun Jiang, Justin R. Cross, and Craig B. Thompson. "Mitochondrial NADP(H) generation is essential for proline biosynthesis." Science 372, no. 6545 (April 22, 2021): 968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abd5491.

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The coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) and its reduced form (NADPH) regulate reductive metabolism in a subcellularly compartmentalized manner. Mitochondrial NADP(H) production depends on the phosphorylation of NAD(H) by NAD kinase 2 (NADK2). Deletion of NADK2 in human cell lines did not alter mitochondrial folate pathway activity, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, or mitochondrial oxidative stress, but rather led to impaired cell proliferation in minimal medium. This growth defect was rescued by proline supplementation. NADK2-mediated mitochondrial NADP(H) generation

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Scarcia, P., L. Palmieri, G. Agrimi, F. Palmieri, and H. Rottensteiner. "Three mitochondrial transporters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are essential for ammonium fixation and lysine biosynthesis in synthetic minimal medium." Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 122, no. 3 (November 2017): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.07.004.

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Oedekoven, Caroline Anna, Miriam Belmonte, Evangelia Diamanti, Hugo Bastos, Daniel Bode, Maike Paramor, and David Kent. "Retention of Single Long Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Minimal Culture Medium Reveals Essential Components of HSC Function." Experimental Hematology 64 (August 2018): S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2018.06.109.

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Hartman, Hassan B., David A. Fell, Sergio Rossell, Peter Ruhdal Jensen, Martin J. Woodward, Lotte Thorndahl, Lotte Jelsbak, et al. "Identification of potential drug targets in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium using metabolic modelling and experimental validation." Microbiology 160, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 1252–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.076091-0.

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Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium is an established model organism for Gram-negative, intracellular pathogens. Owing to the rapid spread of resistance to antibiotics among this group of pathogens, new approaches to identify suitable target proteins are required. Based on the genome sequence of S. Typhimurium and associated databases, a genome-scale metabolic model was constructed. Output was based on an experimental determination of the biomass of Salmonella when growing in glucose minimal medium. Linear programming was used to simulate variations in the energy demand while growing in glucos

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Cavalcante, A. Y. P., B. B. Gouveia, R. S. Barberino, T. L. B. G. Lins, L. P. Santos, R. J. S. Gonçalves, J. J. H. Celestino, and M. H. T. Matos. "Kit ligand promotes the transition from primordial to primary follicles afterin vitroculture of ovine ovarian tissue." Zygote 24, no. 4 (October 27, 2015): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199415000556.

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SummaryThis study evaluated the effects of kit ligand (KL) on the morphology and development of ovine preantral follicles (fresh control) and after 7 days ofin vitroculture in α-Minimal Essential Medium (α-MEM; control medium) or the presence of KL (1, 10, 50, 100 or 200 ng/ml). There was an increase in the percentage of primary follicles at the concentration of 100 ng/ml KL, compared with the fresh control, control medium (α-MEM) and the other KL concentrations. Follicle diameter was significantly higher than the control medium only at concentrations of 50 and 100 ng/ml KL. In conclusion, 100

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Thomaides, Helena B., Ella J. Davison, Lisa Burston, Hazel Johnson, David R. Brown, Alison C. Hunt, Jeffery Errington, and Lloyd Czaplewski. "Essential Bacterial Functions Encoded by Gene Pairs." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01381-06.

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ABSTRACT To address the need for new antibacterials, a number of bacterial genomes have been systematically disrupted to identify essential genes. Such programs have focused on the disruption of single genes and may have missed functions encoded by gene pairs or multiple genes. In this work, we hypothesized that we could predict the identity of pairs of proteins within one organism that have the same function. We identified 135 putative protein pairs in Bacillus subtilis and attempted to disrupt the genes forming these, singly and then in pairs. The single gene disruptions revealed new genes t

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Inaoka, Takashi, Yoshinobu Matsumura, and Tetsuaki Tsuchido. "SodA and Manganese Are Essential for Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Growing and Sporulating Cells ofBacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 6 (March 15, 1999): 1939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.6.1939-1943.1999.

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ABSTRACT We constructed a sodA-disrupted mutant ofBacillus subtilis 168, BK1, by homologous recombination. The mutant was not able to grow in minimal medium without Mn(II). The spore-forming ability of strain BK1 was significantly lower in Mn(II)-depleted medium than that of the wild-type strain. These deleterious effects caused by the sodA mutation were reversed when an excess of Mn(II) was used to supplement the medium. Moreover, the growth inhibition by superoxide generators in strain BK1 and its parent strain was also reversed by the supplementation with excess Mn(II). We therefore estimat

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Reuß, Daniel R., Fabian M. Commichau, Jan Gundlach, Bingyao Zhu, and Jörg Stülke. "The Blueprint of a Minimal Cell: MiniBacillus." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 80, no. 4 (September 28, 2016): 955–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00029-16.

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SUMMARYBacillus subtilisis one of the best-studied organisms. Due to the broad knowledge and annotation and the well-developed genetic system, this bacterium is an excellent starting point for genome minimization with the aim of constructing a minimal cell. We have analyzed the genome ofB. subtilisand selected all genes that are required to allow life in complex medium at 37°C. This selection is based on the known information on essential genes and functions as well as on gene and protein expression data and gene conservation. The list presented here includes 523 and 119 genes coding for prote

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Kurokawa, Masaomi, and Bei-Wen Ying. "Experimental Challenges for Reduced Genomes: The Cell Model Escherichia coli." Microorganisms 8, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010003.

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Genome reduction, as a top-down approach to obtain the minimal genetic information essential for a living organism, has been conducted with bacterial cells for decades. The most popular and well-studied cell models for genome reduction are Escherichia coli strains. As the previous literature intensively introduced the genetic construction and application of the genome-reduced Escherichia coli strains, the present review focuses the design principles and compares the reduced genome collections from the specific viewpoint of growth, which represents a fundamental property of living cells and is

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Kimura, Keitarou, Lam-Son Phan Tran, and Yoshifumi Itoh. "Roles and regulation of the glutamate racemase isogenes, racE and yrpC, in Bacillus subtilis." Microbiology 150, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 2911–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27045-0.

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Many bacteria, including Escherichia coli, have a unique gene that encodes glutamate racemase. This enzyme catalyses the formation of d-glutamate, which is necessary for cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis. However, Bacillus subtilis has two glutamate racemase genes, named racE and yrpC. Since racE appears to be indispensable for growth in rich medium, the role of yrpC in d-amino acid synthesis is vague. Experiments with racE- and yrpC-knockout mutants confirmed that racE is essential for growth in rich medium but showed that this gene was dispensable for growth in minimal medium, where yrpC exe

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Seipke, Ryan F., and Rosemary Loria. "Hopanoids Are Not Essential for Growth of Streptomyces scabies 87-22." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 16 (June 5, 2009): 5216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00390-09.

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ABSTRACT Hopanoids are triterpenoic, pentacyclic compounds that are structurally similar to sterols, which are required for normal cell function in eukaryotes. Hopanoids are thought to be an important component of bacterial cell membranes because they control membrane fluidity and diminish passive diffusion of ions, and a few taxons modulate their hopanoid content in response to environmental stimuli. However, to our knowledge, mutational studies to assess the importance of hopanoids in bacterial physiology have never been performed. Genome sequencing of the potato scab pathogen, Streptomyces

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Lupo, Domenico, and Robin Ghosh. "The Reaction Center H Subunit Is Not Required for High Levels of Light-Harvesting Complex 1 in Rhodospirillum rubrum Mutants." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 17 (September 1, 2004): 5585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.17.5585-5595.2004.

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ABSTRACT The gene (puhA) encoding the H subunit of the reaction center (RC) was deleted by site-directed interposon mutagenesis by using a kanamycin resistance cassette lacking transcriptional terminators to eliminate polar effects in both the wild-type strain Rhodospirillum rubrum S1 and the carotenoid-less strain R. rubrum G9. The puhA interposon mutants were incapable of photoheterotrophic growth but grew normally under aerobic chemoheterotrophic conditions. Absorption spectroscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the RCs were absent. In minimal medi

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Furman, Eugeny L., Arcady B. Finkelstein, and Maxim L. Cherny. "The Anisotropy of Replicated Aluminum Foams." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/230767.

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The replication casting process gives the open-cell aluminum foams that can be used in many industrial applications as well as in filtering technology. The essential requirement for filters is the uniformity of filtering degree which is defined by the minimal pore size. However the structure of replication castings is often inhomogeneous and the minimal pore radius is decreasing in the direction of melt infiltration. The objective of this investigation is to study the dynamics of melt impregnation of the porous medium by vacuum suction to identify the possibility of reducing the anisotropy. Th

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Sambamoorthy, Gayathri, and Karthik Raman. "MinReact: a systematic approach for identifying minimal metabolic networks." Bioinformatics 36, no. 15 (May 14, 2020): 4309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa497.

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Abstract Motivation Genome-scale metabolic models are widely constructed and studied for understanding various design principles underlying metabolism, predominantly redundancy. Metabolic networks are highly redundant and it is possible to minimize the metabolic networks into smaller networks that retain the functionality of the original network. Results Here, we establish a new method, MinReact that systematically removes reactions from a given network to identify minimal reactome(s). We show that our method identifies smaller minimal reactomes than existing methods and also scales well to la

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Deng, Yinyue, Calvin Boon, Leo Eberl, and Lian-Hui Zhang. "Differential Modulation of Burkholderia cenocepacia Virulence and Energy Metabolism by the Quorum-Sensing Signal BDSF and Its Synthase." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 23 (October 2, 2009): 7270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00681-09.

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ABSTRACT Burkholderia cenocepacia produces the molecule cis-2-dodecenoic acid (BDSF), which was previously shown to play a role in antagonism against the fungal pathogen Candida albicans by interfering with its morphological transition. In this study, we show that production of BDSF is under stringent transcriptional control and the molecule accumulates in a cell density-dependent manner, typically found with quorum-sensing (QS) signals. B. cenocepacia mutant strain J2315 with a deleted Bcam0581 gene, which encodes an enzyme essential for BDSF production, exhibited a growth defect in minimal m

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García-Estepa, Raúl, Montserrat Argandoña, Mercedes Reina-Bueno, Nieves Capote, Fernando Iglesias-Guerra, Joaquín J. Nieto, and Carmen Vargas. "The ectD Gene, Which Is Involved in the Synthesis of the Compatible Solute Hydroxyectoine, Is Essential for Thermoprotection of the Halophilic Bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 11 (June 1, 2006): 3774–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00136-06.

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ABSTRACT The halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens synthesizes and accumulates compatible solutes in response to salt and temperature stress. 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of cells grown in minimal medium at the limiting temperature of 45°C revealed the presence of hydroxyectoine, ectoine, glutamate, trehalose (not present in cells grown at 37°C), and the ectoine precursor, Nγ-acetyldiaminobutyric acid. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that the levels of ectoine and hydroxyectoine were maximal during the stationary phase of growth. Accumulation of hyd

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Carvalho, André Lacerda Ulysses de, Fábio Henrique Portella Corrêa de Oliveira, Rosa de Lima Ramos Mariano, Ester Ribeiro Gouveia, and Ana Maria Souto-Maior. "Growth, sporulation and production of bioactive compounds by Bacillus subtilis R14." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53, no. 3 (June 2010): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132010000300020.

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The physiology of B. subtilis R14 was investigated in minimal medium under excess-oxygen and oxygen-limited conditions. Growth and efficient sporulation could be achieved in excess-oxygen culture on medium with readily metabolizable carbon and nitrogen sources, which allowed high growth rate and high biomass yield. A short transition phase between the exponential growth and sporulation could be attained by formulating a medium with a well-balanced C/N ratio. Under oxygen-limitation, but in the presence of essential nutrients (i.e. excess-nutrient cultivation), B. subtilis R14 produced bioactiv

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Jackel, T., L. Knels, M. Valtink, R. H. W. Funk, and K. Engelmann. "Serum-free corneal organ culture medium (SFM) but not conventional minimal essential organ culture medium (MEM) protects human corneal endothelial cells from apoptotic and necrotic cell death." British Journal of Ophthalmology 95, no. 1 (October 24, 2010): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2010.183418.

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Hottes, Alison K., Maliwan Meewan, Desiree Yang, Naomi Arana, Pedro Romero, Harley H. McAdams, and Craig Stephens. "Transcriptional Profiling of Caulobacter crescentus during Growth on Complex and Minimal Media." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 5 (March 1, 2004): 1448–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.5.1448-1461.2004.

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ABSTRACT Microarray analysis was used to examine gene expression in the freshwater oligotrophic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus during growth on three standard laboratory media, including peptone-yeast extract medium (PYE) and minimal salts medium with glucose or xylose as the carbon source. Nearly 400 genes (approximately 10% of the genome) varied significantly in expression between at least two of these media. The differentially expressed genes included many encoding transport systems, most notably diverse TonB-dependent outer membrane channels of unknown substrate specificity. Amino acid d

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Gonçalves, Rodrigo José Sousa, Agnes Yasmin Pitombeira Cavalcante, Bruna Bortoloni Gouveia, Thae Lanne Barbosa Lins, Ricássio Sousa Barberino, Vanúzia Gonçalves Menezes, Vanessa Raquel Pinto Barros, et al. "Follicular survival, activation of primordial follicles and DNA fragmentation after storage of goat ovaries at 35ºC in supplemented Minimal Essential Medium." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2017.11.1.6660.

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Alam, Md Kausar, and Susan G. W. Kaminskyj. "Aspergillus galactose metabolism is more complex than that of Saccharomyces: the story of GalDGAL7 and GalEGAL1." Botany 91, no. 7 (July 2013): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2012-0270.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen GAL1 (galactokinase) generates galactose-1-phosphate; GAL7 (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) transfers UDP between galactose or glucose and their respective sugar-1-phosphate conjugates, and both are essential on galactose. Aspergillus nidulans ANID_04957 has 41% amino acid sequence identity with GAL1; ANID_06182 has 50% sequence identity with GAL7. The names Aspergillus nidulans GalE (galactokinase) and GalD (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) are consistent with prior studies. Complemented galDΔ:ScGAL7 and galEΔ:ScGAL1 strains had wild-type p

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Stülke, Jörg, and Larissa Krüger. "Cyclic di-AMP Signaling in Bacteria." Annual Review of Microbiology 74, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-115943.

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The second messenger molecule cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is formed by many bacteria and archaea. In many species that produce c-di-AMP, this second messenger is essential for viability on rich medium. Recent research has demonstrated that c-di-AMP binds to a large number of proteins and riboswitches, which are often involved in potassium and osmotic homeostasis. c-di-AMP becomes dispensable if the bacteria are cultivated on minimal media with low concentrations of osmotically active compounds. Thus, the essentiality of c-di-AMP does not result from an interaction with a single essential target b

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Kim, Beum Jun, Joon Ho Park, Tai Hyun Park, Philip A. Bronstein, David J. Schneider, Samuel W. Cartinhour, and Michael L. Shuler. "Effect of Iron Concentration on the Growth Rate of Pseudomonas syringae and the Expression of Virulence Factors in hrp-Inducing Minimal Medium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 9 (March 6, 2009): 2720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02738-08.

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ABSTRACT Although chemically defined media have been developed and widely used to study the expression of virulence factors in the model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, it has been difficult to link specific medium components to the induction response. Using a chemostat system, we found that iron is the limiting nutrient for growth in the standard hrp-inducing minimal medium and plays an important role in inducing several virulence-related genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. With various concentrations of iron oxalate, growth was found to follow Monod-type kinetics for low to

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Gravbrot, Nicholas, Daniel F. Kelly, John Milligan, Chester F. Griffiths, Garni Barkhoudarian, Heidi Jahnke, William L. White, and Andrew S. Little. "The Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the Anterior Skull Base Nasal Inventory-12." Neurosurgery 83, no. 2 (August 4, 2017): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx401.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is defined as the smallest change in health-related quality of life (QOL) that patients consider meaningful. The MCID is essential for determining clinically significant changes, rather than simply statistically significant changes, in QOL scores. The Anterior Skull Base Nasal Inventory-12 (ASK Nasal-12), a site-specific sinonasal QOL instrument, has emerged as a standard instrument for assessing QOL in patients who have undergone endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. OBJECTIVE To determine the MCID for the ASK Nasal-12. METHO

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Pinna, Andrea, and Luca Massidda. "A Procedure for Complete Census Estimation of Rooftop Photovoltaic Potential in Urban Areas." Smart Cities 3, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 873–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3030045.

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Rooftop photovoltaic solar systems can be an essential tool to support the energy transition of Europe. The assessment of solar power generation potential in urban areas, necessary for smart grid planning, requires the processing of data of different types, such as building cadastral information, a detailed description of available roof areas, and solar irradiation data. We introduce an algorithm for the fast calculation of the building’s shadows and a procedure for the integration of solar irradiation in time. We therefore develop a methodology that allows a fast evaluation with minimal compu

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Safi, Mazen, and Ayman Al-Mariri. "In vitro antibacterial activity of several plant extracts and essential oils against Brucella melitensis." Herba Polonica 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2014-0003.

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Summary Medicinal plants are considered to be new resources for the production of agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some plants native to Syria in the treatment of brucellosis. In vitro activities of some essential oils and plant extracts of some medicinal plants against 89 Brucella melitensis isolates was determined by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 5%. The microdilution assay in the fluid medium was used to determine the MICs of essential oils and plant ext

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