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1
Mishchenko, Natalia P., Natalia V. Krylova, Olga V. Iunikhina, et al. "Antiviral Potential of Sea Urchin Aminated Spinochromes against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1." Marine Drugs 18, no. 11 (2020): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18110550.
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most prevalent pathogens worldwide requiring the search for new candidates for the creation of antiherpetic drugs. The ability of sea urchin spinochromes—echinochrome A (EchA) and its aminated analogues, echinamines A (EamA) and B (EamB)—to inhibit different stages of HSV-1 infection in Vero cells and to reduce the virus-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied. We found that spinochromes exhibited maximum antiviral activity when HSV-1 was pretreated with these compounds, which indicated the direct effect of spinochromes on HSV-1 particles. EamB and EamA both showed the highest virucidal activity by inhibiting the HSV-1 plaque formation, with a selectivity index (SI) of 80.6 and 50.3, respectively, and a reduction in HSV-1 attachment to cells (SI of 8.5 and 5.8, respectively). EamA and EamB considerably suppressed the early induction of ROS due to the virus infection. The ability of the tested compounds to directly bind to the surface glycoprotein, gD, of HSV-1 was established in silico. The dock score of EchA, EamA, and EamB was −4.75, −5.09, and −5.19 kcal/mol, respectively, which correlated with the SI of the virucidal action of these compounds and explained their ability to suppress the attachment and penetration of the virus into the cells.
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Garrido-Jurado, I., G. Resquín-Romero, M. Yousef-Naef, A. Ríos-Moreno, and E. Quesada-Moraga. "Soil drenching with entomopathogenic fungi for control of the soil-dwelling life stages and adults of the same generation of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 2 (2019): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531900052x.
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AbstractFour Beauveria bassiana and three Metarhizium brunneum isolates were evaluated, as soil drenches, against Spodoptera littoralis prepupae. Treatment efficacy was determined by assessing total mortality during development from prepupae through to pupae and adults; mortality and sub-lethal effects on reproduction were also quantified for adults emerging from surviving prepupae/pupae. All isolates were pathogenic but overall mortality varied between 31.7 and 83.3% (0% for control); average survival time was 7.5–10.5 days (14.0 days for control). From 1.7–15.0% of adults emerging from surviving prepupae/pupae were deformed (0% in control). Contact with fungal suspensions as prepupae/pupae caused a significant reduction in fecundity of emerging adult females (15–58.9%), and a significant reduction in egg viability (6.8–28.4%) compared with controls. Two isolates were selected for virulence evaluation against S. littoralis prepupae. The LC50s were 1.7 × 107 and 1.8 × 107 conidia ml−1 and the median survival times were 7 and 6 days for isolates EAMa 01/58-Su and EAMb 09/01-Su, respectively. Destruxin A was present in pupae developing from prepupae treated with isolates EAMa 01/58-Su (0.010 ± 0.002 µg pupae−1) and EAMb 09/01-Su (0.015 ± 0.003 µg pupae−1). The use of entomopathogenic fungi as soil drenches could be a key component of S. littoralis IPM strategies due to direct reductions in the number of soil-dwelling life stages and, also, the significant reduction in reproductive potential of surviving adults.
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Hernández, Iker, Clara Sant, Raquel Martínez, et al. "Persistence of Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) in the Soil Is Affected by Formulation Type as Shown by Strain-Specific DNA Markers." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 2 (2023): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020229.
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The genus Metarhizium has an increasingly important role in the development of Integrated Pest Control against Tephritid fruit flies in aerial sprays targeting adults and soil treatments targeting preimaginals. Indeed, the soil is considered the main habitat and reservoir of Metarhizium spp., which may be a plant-beneficial microorganism due to its lifestyle as an endophyte and/or rhizosphere-competent fungus. This key role of Metarhizium spp. for eco-sustainable agriculture highlights the priority of developing proper monitoring tools not only to follow the presence of the fungus in the soil and to correlate it with its performance against Tephritid preimaginals but also for risk assessment studies for patenting and registering biocontrol strains. The present study aimed at understanding the population dynamics of M. brunneum strain EAMb 09/01-Su, which is a candidate strain for olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi, 1790) preimaginal control in the soil, when applied to the soil at the field using different formulations and propagules. For this, strain-specific DNA markers were developed and used to track the levels of EAMb 09/01-Su in the soil of 4 field trials. The fungus persists over 250 days in the soil, and the levels of the fungus remained higher when applied as an oil-dispersion formulation than when applied as a wettable powder or encapsulated microsclerotia. Peak concentrations of EAMb 09/01-Su depend on the exogenous input and weakly on environmental conditions. These results will help us to optimize the application patterns and perform accurate risk assessments during further development of this and other entomopathogenic fungus-based bioinsecticides.
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Atkinson, Katharine D. "TWO RECESSIVE SUPPRESSORS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE CHO1 THAT ARE UNLINKED BUT FALL IN THE SAME COMPLEMENTATION GROUP." Genetics 111, no. 1 (1985): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/111.1.1.
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ABSTRACT Phenotypic reversion of ethanolamine-requiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae cho 1 mutants is predominantly due to recessive mutations at genes unlinked to the chromosome V cho 1 locus. The recessive suppressors do not correct the primary cho 1 defect in phosphatidylserine synthesis but circumvent it with a novel endogenous supply of ethanolamine. One suppressor (eam1) was previously mapped to chromosome X, and 135 suppressor isolates were identified as eam1 alleles by complementation analysis. Additional meiotic recombination studies have identified a second genetic locus, eam2, that falls in the eam1 complementation group but maps close to the centromere of chromosome IV. Although the normal EAM1 and EAM2 alleles are fully dominant over recessive mutant alleles, their dominance fails in diploids heterozygous for defects in both genes simultaneously. The unusual complementation pattern could be explained by interaction of the gene products in formation of the same enzyme.
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Hai, Haowen, Mengyang Yang, Zhuo Cheng, Kai Ma, and Fei Shang. "Potential Role of SdiA in Biofilm Formation and Drug Resistance in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli." Animals 14, no. 15 (2024): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14152199.
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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) constitutes a significant cause of colibacillosis, a localized or systemic inflammatory disorder in avian species, resulting in considerable economic losses within the global poultry industry. SdiA (suppressor of division inhibitor) is a transcription factor recognized as a LuxR homolog in Escherichia coli, regulating various behaviors, including biofilm formation, multidrug resistance, and the secretion of virulence factors. However, the function of SdiA in APEC strains and its correlation with virulence and multidrug resistance remains unknown. This study probed into the function of SdiA by analyzing the effect of sdiA deletion on the transcription profile of an APEC strain. The microarray data revealed that SdiA upregulates 160 genes and downregulates 59 genes, exerting a particularly remarkable influence on the transcription of multiple virulence genes. A series of antibiotic sensitivity tests, biofilm formation assays, motility assays, and transcriptome analyses were performed, while a Normality test and t-test were conducted on the datasets. This research confirmed that SdiA inhibits biofilm formation by 1.9-fold (p-value < 0.01) and motility by 1.5-fold (p-value < 0.01). RT-qPCR revealed that SdiA positively regulates multidrug resistance by upregulating the expression of yafP, cbrA, and eamB. Collectively, the results of this study indicate the role of SdiA in the pathogenesis of APEC by controlling biofilm formation, motility, and multidrug resistance.
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Tamaș, Tudor-Paul, Maria-Roxana Buzan, Lauriana-Eunice Zbîrcea, et al. "Ragweed Major Allergen Amb a 11 Recombinant Production and Clinical Implications." Biomolecules 13, no. 1 (2023): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13010182.
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Ragweed pollen is highly allergenic and elicits type I hypersensitivity reactions in the exposed populations. Amb a 11 is a recently discovered component of this pollen, and its biological role in allergy is still being researched. In our study, ragweed allergy patients were recruited prospectively over a three-year period; a comprehensive questionnaire was administered, and sera were collected and stored. The production of recombinant Amb a 11 was achieved in parallel with patients’ recruitment. The gene coding for mature protein was inserted in E. coli and in Sf9 Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The recombinant allergens (designated eAmb a 11 and iAmb a 11) were tested for His-tag presence in Western blot. IgE reactivity was evaluated in 150 patients’ sera for both recombinant allergen forms in ELISA, with 5 positive sera being tested further by hRBL (humanized rat basophilic leukemia) hexosaminidase release assay. Both allergen forms were proven to be IgE-reactive His-tagged proteins, with an extensive overlap of positive sera (92 toward the former recombinant allergen, 100 toward the latter) and an overall Amb a 11 sensitization prevalence estimated at 68.67%. The hRBL mediator release assay revealed a significant, slightly weaker effect of recombinant allergens when compared with nAmb a 1. Sensitization to this major allergen appears to be associated with more severe asthma symptoms (OR = 4.71, 95% CI = 1.81–12.21). In conclusion, recombinant Amb a 11 is a bona fide allergen, which is IgE-reactive and an inducer of hRBL degranulation. It is an important IgE-reactive component from ragweed pollen, with high IgE sensitization prevalence in the sample population and allergenicity of the recombinant allergen comparable to Amb a 1.
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Molina, Lázaro, Fabio Rezzonico, Geneviève Défago, and Brion Duffy. "Autoinduction in Erwinia amylovora: Evidence of an Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Signal in the Fire Blight Pathogen." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 9 (2005): 3206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.9.3206-3213.2005.
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ABSTRACT Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other members of the Rosaceae. Here we present the first evidence for autoinduction in E. amylovora and a role for an N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-type signal. Two major plant virulence traits, production of extracellular polysaccharides (amylovoran and levan) and tolerance to free oxygen radicals, were controlled in a bacterial-cell-density-dependent manner. Two standard autoinducer biosensors, Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4 and Vibrio harveyi BB886, detected AHL in stationary-phase cultures of E. amylovora. A putative AHL synthase gene, eamI, was partially sequenced, which revealed homology with autoinducer genes from other bacterial pathogens (e.g., carI, esaI, expI, hsII, yenI, and luxI). E. amylovora was also found to carry eamR, a convergently transcribed gene with homology to luxR AHL activator genes in pathogens such as Erwinia carotovora. Heterologous expression of the Bacillus sp. strain A24 acyl-homoserine lactonase gene aiiA in E. amylovora abolished induction of AHL biosensors, impaired extracellular polysaccharide production and tolerance to hydrogen peroxide, and reduced virulence on apple leaves.
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Chen, Wan-Lin, Hon-Ping Ma, Chih-Hsiung Wu, et al. "Clinical Research of Mortality in Emergency Air Medical Transport." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/767402.
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Introduction.EAMT in Taiwan has experienced increasing demand in the past few years. The objective is to analyze the trend of EAMT in the past six years and mortality rate within three days of patients undergoing interfacility transport in Taiwan.Material and Method.We conducted a retrospective review of patients who were airlifted from remote islands to main island between 2006 and 2011. Main outcome measures are EAMT number (EAMT-N), EAMT per thousand population (EAMT frequency, EAMT-F), number of mortality (Mor-N), and mortality rate within three days after EAMT (Mor-R).Results and Discussion.Overall mortality rate is 7.54% in 1684 airlifted patients. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI, 26.3%) and traumatic brain injury (TBI, 25.8%) comprise the majority in diagnosis (52.1%). However, Mor-Rin these two categories is significantly low in AMI (3.5%) and TBI (5.1%).Conclusion.The present study demonstrates that physician density is not related to EAMT-Nbut to physician number. As general population ages (10%), the average age of patient who underwent EAMT doubled (21%). This study also leaves room for discussion regarding futile medical care. The results can be used as a reference for increasing utilization of EAMT in current National Health Care Scheme.
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Chen, Xing, Mingmei Zhang, Tao Wang, Yunming Li, and Meng Wei. "Influence factors of extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis." Open Medicine 15, no. 1 (2020): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2020-0217.
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AbstractBackground and objectiveExtra-articular manifestations (EAMs) are serious outcomes or complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with increasing mortality and morbidity. The purpose was to explore the factors influencing EAMs, tissue-specific/systemic EAMs, and the concurrence of several EAMs.Patients and methodsIn total, 519 inpatients with RA were enrolled. The clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and medications of RA patients and the details of EAMs were recorded carefully. Differences between groups were examined by a Chi-square test, independent samples t test, one-way analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis H test. Binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between influential factors and EAMs, tissue-specific/systemic EAMs, and the concurrence of several EAMs.ResultsThe morbidity of EAMs was 44.70%. Male sex, age, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were independent influential factors of EAMs, and a number of statistically significant influence factors were found in the multivariate analysis of tissue-specific/systemic EAMs. Finally, age, CRP levels, number of RA-affected types of joints, and TCM were the factors that independently influenced the concurrence of several EAMs.ConclusionInfluential factors identified in this study could be recommended in clinical work, which is hopeful to decrease the morbidity and mortality of EAMs in RA.
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Gao, Hui, Song Yang, Arun Kumar, et al. "Variations of the East Asian Mei-Yu and Simulation and Prediction by the NCEP Climate Forecast System." Journal of Climate 24, no. 1 (2011): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3540.1.
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Abstract The East Asian mei-yu (EAMY), which includes the mei-yu over eastern China, baiu over Japan, and changma over Korea, is an important component of the Asia summer monsoon system. The EAMY rain belt jumps northward to the Yangtze and Huaihe River valleys (in China), Japan, and Korea from mid-June to mid-July, with remarkable interannual variability. In this study, the variability and predictability of EAMY are investigated using the retrospective ensemble predictions of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS). The CFS reasonably captures the centers, magnitude, northward jump, and other features of EAMY over most regions. It also reasonably simulates the interannual variations of EAMY and its main influencing factors such as the western Pacific subtropical high, the East Asian monsoon circulation, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The CFS is skillful in predicting EAMY and related circulation patterns with a lead time of one month. An empirical orthogonal function analysis with maximized signal-to-noise ratio is applied to determine the most predictable patterns of EAMY. Furthermore, experiments in which the CFS is forced by observed sea surface temperature (SST) exhibit lower skill in EAMY simulation, suggesting the importance of ocean–atmosphere coupling in predicting EAMY. The CFS, which exaggerates the precipitation over the southern–southeastern hills of the Tibetan Plateau, overestimates the relationship between EAMY and tropical–subtropical atmospheric circulation due to the overly strong ENSO signals in the model, whereas the experiments forced by observed SST produce a weaker relationship. On the contrary, the CFS underestimates the link of EAMY to higher-latitude processes. An increase in the horizontal resolution of the CFS is expected to reduce some of these errors.
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Bonini, Tatiana do Prado Lima, Carolina Matteussi Lino, Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa, and Marília Jesus Batista de Brito Mota. "Implantação e efeitos da Estratégia Amamenta Alimenta Brasil nas Unidades de Saúde de Piracicaba/SP." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 14 (2021): e91101421528. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.21528.
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Objetivo: avaliar a implantação e os efeitos observados da Estratégia Amamenta Alimenta Brasil (EAAB) em Unidades de Saúde (USs) de Piracicaba/SP. Métodos: Pesquisa avaliativa realizada em duas etapas: 1) análise da adesão das equipes à EAAB; 2) análise comparativa dos marcadores de consumo alimentar em USs com e sem EAAB. Na etapa 1 os dados foram obtidos por um instrumento de monitoramento das ações pactuadas nas oficinas de implantação da EAAB e, na etapa 2, por marcadores de consumo alimentar registrados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional no período de 2015 a 2018. Resultados: Na etapa 1, 100% das USs tiveram adesão de 80-85% da equipe e pactuaram ações para a promoção do aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar saudável. Na etapa 2, as US com EAAB apresentaram aumento do percentual médio dos indicadores de aleitamento materno exclusivo em menores de 6 meses, aleitamento materno complementar, introdução alimentar e redução no indicador de consumo de macarrão instantâneo. Conclusão: Houve boa adesão à EAAB por parte dos membros das equipes e os indicadores de promoção do aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar saudável das USs com EAAB foram mais positivos em relação às sem EAAB.
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Melo, Daiane, Sonia Venancio, and Gabriela Buccini. "Brazilian Strategy for Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Promotion: A Program Impact Pathway Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (2022): 9839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169839.
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Background: The Brazilian Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Strategy (Estratégia Amamenta e Alimenta Brasil—EAAB) aims to improve Primary Health Care (PHC) workers’ counseling skills to promote and support infant and young children feeding (IYCF). However, the maintenance and scaling up of the EAAB has been challenging. The theory-driven Program Impact Pathway (PIP) is recommended to assess and enhance the large-scale implementation of IYCF programs. The purpose of this study was to document barriers and facilitators to scale up the EAAB using a PIP analysis. Methods: First, we reviewed EAAB documents to develop an initial PIP diagram. Then, we interviewed EAAB key informants to identify Critical Quality Control Points (CCP) in the PIP. We revised and analyzed the PIP to inform the EAAB core functions and pathways. Results: Six CCPs for EAAB maintenance were identified: CCP1—Definition and strengthening of the coordination in states and municipalities; CCP2—Maintenance of tutors’ work; CCP3—Feasibility of the certification process; CCP 4—Quality improvement of IYCF activities in PHC units; CCP 5—Adequate use of monitoring systems; and CCP 6—Consistent implementation monitoring. Four implementation pathways and seven core functions identified may assist with scaling up the EAAB in Brazil. Conclusion: The PIP analysis proved to be useful for documenting the factors that influence the maintenance and scaling up of the EAAB.
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Debreceny, Roger S., Glen L. Gray, Joeson Jun-Jin Ng, Kevin Siow-Ping Lee, and Woon-Foong Yau. "Embedded Audit Modules in Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: Implementation and Functionality." Journal of Information Systems 19, no. 2 (2005): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2005.19.2.7.
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Embedded Audit Modules (EAMs) are a potentially efficient and effective compliance and substantive audit-testing tool. Early examples of EAMs were implemented in proprietary accounting information systems and production systems. Over the last decade, there has been widespread deployment of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems that provide common business process functionality across the enterprise. These application systems are based upon a common foundation provided by large-scale relational database-management systems. No published research addresses the potential for exploiting the perceived benefits of EAMs in an ERP environment. This exploratory paper seeks to partially close this gap in the research literature by assessing the level and nature of support for EAMs by ERP providers. We present five model EAM-use scenarios within a fraud-prevention and detection environment. We provided the scenarios to six representative ERP solution providers, whose products support “small,” “medium,” and “large” scale clients. The providers then assessed how they would implement the scenarios in their ERP solution. Concurrent in-depth interviews with representatives of the ERP providers address the issue of implementing EAMs in ERP solutions. The research revealed limited support for EAMs within the selected ERP systems. Interviews revealed that the limited support for EAMs was primarily a function of lack of demand from the user community. Vendors were consistent in their view that EAMs were technically feasible. These results have a number of implications for both practice and future research. These include a need to understand the barriers to client adoption of EAMs and to build a framework for integrating EAMs into firm risk-management environment.
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O'Connor, Daniel J., Keith McDonald, and Siu Ping Lam. "Earlier Patient Access – the UK Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS)." Medicine Access @ Point of Care 1 (January 2017): maapoc.0000009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/maapoc.0000009.
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The Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS) was launched in the UK in April 2014 following a public consultation and government response, which outlined the scope of a potential scheme. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is responsible for two pivotal milestone decisions in the EAMS process: the Promising Innovative Medicine (PIM) designation and the EAMS scientific opinion, described in an EAMS public assessment report and 3 EAMS treatment protocols. In the 3 years since its launch, hundreds of patients with life-threatening or seriously debilitating conditions have benefited from EAMS medicines in a variety of mainly oncology indications. This editorial describes some of the achievements of the scheme over the past 3 years and provides insight into how the scheme may evolve over the coming years.
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Balakrishnan, Babita, Shubhada Vivek Chiplunkar, and Madhavi Manohar Indap. "Methanol Extract ofEuchelus asperPrevents Bone Resorption in Ovariectomised Mice Model." Journal of Osteoporosis 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/348189.
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Marine molluscs are widely distributed throughout the world and many bioactive compounds exhibiting antiviral, antitumor, antileukemic, and antibacterial activity have been reported worldwide. The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of methanol extract ofEuchelus asper(EAME) on estrogen deficiency induced osteoporosis in ovariectomised mice model. Forty-two female Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned into Sham operated (Sham) group and six ovariectomised (OVX) subgroups such as OVX with vehicle (OVX); OVX with estradiol (2 mg/kg/day); OVX with EAME of graded doses (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day). Bone turnover markers like serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum acid phosphatase (ACP), serum calcium, and histological investigations of tibia and uterus were analysed. Metaphyseal DNA content of the femur bone was also studied. Antiosteoclastogenic activity of EAME was examined. Administration of EAME was able to reduce the increased bone turnover markers in the ovariectomised mice. Histomorphometric analysis revealed an increase in bone trabeculation and restoration of trabecular separation by EAME treatment. Metaphyseal DNA content of the femur of the OVX mice was increased by EAME administration. EAME also showed a potent antiosteoclastogenic behaviour. Thus, the present study reveals that EAME was able to successfully reduce the estrogen deficiency induced bone loss.
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An, Zheng-Kai, Young-Chae Song, Keug-Tae Kim, Chae-Young Lee, Seong-Ho Jang, and Byung-Uk Bae. "The Bioaugmentation of Electroactive Microorganisms Enhances Anaerobic Digestion." Fermentation 9, no. 11 (2023): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9110988.
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Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) offers significant potential to enhance methane production, necessitating research for its practical implementation. This study investigated enhanced methane production through DIET in an anaerobic digester bio-augmented with EAMs. A horizontal anaerobic digester (HAD) operated for 430 days as a testbed to validate the benefits of bioaugmentation with EAMs. Anaerobic digestate slurry, discharged from the HAD, was enriched with EAMs in a bioelectrochemical auxiliary reactor (BEAR) under an electric field. This slurry enriched with EAMs was then recirculated into the HAD. Results showed bio-augmentation with EAMs led to an increase in volatile solids removal from 56.2% to 77.5%, methane production rate from 0.59 to 1.00 L/L.d, methane yield from 0.26 to 0.34 L/g CODr, and biogas methane content from 59.9% to 71.6%. It suggests that bio-augmentation enhances DIET, promoting the conversion of volatile fatty acids to methane and enhancing resilience against kinetic imbalances. The enrichment of EAMs reached optimal efficacy under an electric field intensity of 2.07 V/cm with a mean exposure time of 2.53 days to the electric field in the BEAR. Bio-augmentation with externally enriched EAMs is a feasible and effective strategy to optimize anaerobic digestion processes.
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Zhou, Zhixiang, Chen Zhao, Wei Liu, et al. "Involvement of the Mitochondria-Caspase Pathway in HeLa Cell Death Induced by 2-Ethanolamino-2-Demethoxy-17-Ethanolimino-Hypocrellin B (EAHB)-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy." International Journal of Toxicology 31, no. 5 (2012): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581812460696.
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In order to elucidate the mechanism of cytotoxicity photoinduced by 2-ethanolamino-2-demethoxy-17-ethanolimino-hypocrellin B (EAHB), a derivative of hypocrellin B (HB), cellular uptake, subcellular localization as well as photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency of EAHB, and cell apoptosis photoinduced by EAHB were investigated in HeLa cells by laser confocal fluorescence microscopy, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation on agarose gel, and Western blot. The results showed EAHB was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the cell, with no detectable penetration into the nucleus. The proportion of dead cells increased with increases in both the dosage of light and the concentration of EAHB. Its phototoxicity to HeLa cells proceeded via apoptosis. The EAHB-PDT treatment induced a cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol followed by the activation of both caspase 3 and caspase 9 in HeLa cells. The results suggested that EAHB-PDT treatment induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, and the cellular apoptosis involved a mitochondria-/caspase-dependent mechanism.
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Murray, Donal, Kevin C. Miller, and Jeffrey E. Edwards. "Does a Reduction in Serum Sodium Concentration or Serum Potassium Concentration Increase the Prevalence of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps?" Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 25, no. 3 (2016): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2014-0293.
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Clinical Scenario:Although exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are common in ultradistance runners and athletes in general, their etiology remains unclear. EAMC are painful, sudden, involuntary contractions of skeletal muscle occurring during or after exercise and are recognized by visible bulging or knotting of the whole, or part of, a muscle. Many clinicians believe EAMC occur after an imbalance in electrolyte concentrations, specifically serum sodium concentration ([Na+]s) and serum potassium concentration ([K+]s). Studies that have established a link between EAMC occurrence and serum electrolyte concentrations after an athletic event are unhelpful.Focused Clinical Question:Are [Na+]s and [K+]s different in athletes who experience EAMC than noncrampers?
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Luan, Huoxin, Zhaohui Zhou, Chongjun Xu, et al. "Study on the Synergistic Effects between Petroleum Sulfonate and a Nonionic–Anionic Surfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031177.
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Nonionic–anionic surfactants are expected to be applied in chemical flooding due to their important properties such as ultralow IFT values, good salt tolerance, and no chromatographic separation in porous media. In this study, a new type of nonionic–anionic–hydrophobic group structure surfactant N, N-dihydroxyethylalkylamide carboxylate (EAMC) was synthesized. The synergistic effects between petroleum sulfonate (KPS) and EAMC in reducing interfacial tension (IFT) and emulsification properties were studied. The influences of salt, alkali and Ca2+ on the IFTs of surfactant solutions were also investigated. One-dimensional core flooding experiments were used to characterize the enhanced oil recovery capability of the KPS and EAMC mixed system. The experimental results show that both EAMC and KPS have high interfacial activity and can reduce IFTs to about 0.01 mN/m order of magnitude against decane at optimized concentrations. The area occupied by the hydrophilic group of EAMC on the interface is smaller than that of its own hydrophobic group. The interfacial film formed by EAMC alone is relatively loose. The IFTs of KPS containing different structure petroleum sulfonates is affected by the difference in the adsorption rate of petroleum sulfonates on the interface, which shows that both the dynamic and equilibrium interfacial tensions can have the lowest values. However, the IFTs of the EAMC solutions against crude oil can be reduced to ultralow values because the mixed tight adsorption film is formed by EAMC and crude oil fraction molecules with synergistic effect. On the other hand, the KPS molecule has a hydrophobic part with large size and no synergism with crude oil fractions can be observed in the solutions containing only KPS. The combination of EAMC and KPS shows synergistic effect, namely ultralow IFT values, good emulsification properties, high alkali tolerance, and good salt and Ca2+ tolerance during a wide percentage range of EAMC. The best formula of EAMC and KPS system can be applied for EOR after polymer flooding. The studies in this paper are helpful for the design and application of a chemical flooding formula with nonionic–anionic–hydrophobic group structure surfactants.
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Dala Ali, Ahmad Habeeb Hattab, Sabariah Noor Harun, Noordin Othman, et al. "Determinants of Inadequate Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy in ICU Sepsis Patients in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia: A Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Regression Analysis." Antibiotics 12, no. 8 (2023): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081305.
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In the management of sepsis, providing adequate empiric antimicrobial therapy is one of the most important pillars of sepsis management. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the adequacy of empiric antimicrobial therapy (EAMT) in sepsis patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and to identify the determinants of inadequate EAMT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of empiric antimicrobial therapy in patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis or septic shock, and the determinants of inadequate EAMT. The data of patients admitted to the ICU units due to sepsis or septic shock in two tertiary healthcare facilities in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah were retrospectively reviewed. The current study used logistic regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis to identify determinants of inadequate empiric antimicrobial therapy, and evaluated the performance of these two approaches in predicting the inadequacy of EAMT. The findings of this study showed that fifty-three per cent of patients received inadequate EAMT. Determinants for inadequate EAMT were APACHE II score, multidrug-resistance organism (MDRO) infections, surgical history (lower limb amputation), and comorbidity (coronary artery disease). ANN performed as well as or better than logistic regression in predicating inadequate EAMT, as the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of the ANN model was higher when compared with the logistic regression model (LRM): 0.895 vs. 0.854. In addition, the ANN model performed better than LRM in predicting inadequate EAMT in terms of classification accuracy. In addition, ANN analysis revealed that the most important determinants of EAMT adequacy were the APACHE II score and MDRO. In conclusion, more than half of the patients received inadequate EAMT. Determinants of inadequate EAMT were APACHE II score, MDRO infections, comorbidity, and surgical history. This provides valuable inputs to improve the prescription of empiric antimicrobials in Saudi Arabia going forward. In addition, our study demonstrated the potential utility of applying artificial neural network analysis in the prediction of outcomes in healthcare research.
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Ligons, Davinna LaChelle, Mehmet L. Guler, Haiyan S. Li, and Noel R. Rose. "Susceptibility to autoimmune myocarditis in mice: analysis of the Eam1 susceptibility locus (129.18)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (2007): S221. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.129.18.
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Abstract H-2sA.SW and B10.S mice are susceptible and resistant to experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), respectively. Our previous studies suggested that Eam1 on chromosome 1 is a non-MHC locus conferring susceptibility to cardiac myosin-induced (EAM) in A.SW mice. B10.A Eam1 congenic mice, carrying the Eam1 locus on the EAM-resistant B10.S background, develop EAM comparable to A.SW mice, suggesting that Eam1 plays a key role in the development of disease. We have previously reported that lymph node cells (LNC) of A.SW mice are more resistant to cyslophosphamide (Cy)-induced apoptosis in comparison to B10.S mice, and a similar apoptosis-resistant phenotype is found in NOD mice has been linked to the Idd5 locus overlapping with Eam1. Therefore, we hypothesized that the mechanisms by which Eam1 mediates the susceptibility to EAM could be due to its regulatory role in apoptosis. In the current study, we found that LNC from B10.A Eam1 congenic mice present an intermediate susceptibility to Cy-induced apoptosis, i.e. the percentage of apoptotic LNC with activated caspase 3, 8, 9 in congenic mice falls in between A.SW and B10.S mice. Interestingly, data suggest that A.SW mice have significantly lower levels of apoptotic LNC following immunization with cardiac myosin in CFA than B10.S mice. Our results therefore suggest that Eam1 partially down regulates LNC apoptosis and delays the removal of self-activated T cells, thereby providing an explanation for the role of Eam1 in the susceptibility to EAM. Supported in part by NIH grant HL077611
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Migang, Yena Wineini, and Ferdinand Mahardhika. "E-Therapy Autism Child with Multimedia Approach (EAMA) sebagai Intervensi Perubahan Psikomotor dan Afektif pada Anak Autis." Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia 14, no. 4 (2018): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v14i4.5222.
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Autisme adalah gangguan otak pada perkembangan pervasif pada anak yang ditandai dengan adanya gangguan dan keterlambatan dalam bidang kognitif, imajinasi, bahasa, perilaku, komunikasi, dan interaksi sosial. Berdasarkan data Yayasan Autis Indonesia tahun 2013, di Kota Palangka Raya Kalimantan ada 250 ribu orang, 20% diantaranya atau sekitar 50.000 adalah anak-anak dan diperkirakan 100 anak menderita autism. E-Therapy Autism Child with Multimedia Approach (EAMA) merupakan e-therapy yang diciptakan oleh peneliti, di dalamnya memuat juga unsur e-learning. EAMA berupa software aplikasi multimedia, gabungan dan pengembangan dari terapi autis metode Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) dan Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH). EAMA memfasilitasi intervensi untuk afektif, dan peningkatan kemampuan psikomotor. Penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Khusus Melati Ceria (SKMC) Kota palangka Raya, jumlah sampel 30 orang, dengan total sampling. Desain eksperimen murni dengan one group pre and post test yang mengukur tingkat kemampuan psikomotor dan afektif anak autis, sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dengan aplikasi EAMA dirancang oleh peneliti. Uji analisis statistik dengan wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat psikomotor, sebelum dan sesudah diberi metode EAMA (p=0,000<0,05) dan Z(-4,899), maka ada pengaruh metode EAMA dengan tingkat psikomotor sebelum dan sesudah pemberian metode EAMA. Pada tingkat afektif, diperoleh nilai (p=0,000<0,05) dengan nilai Z= -5,292, ada pengaruh pemberian metode EAMA dengan peningkatan nilai afektif pada anak autism
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Hall, Adam, Lok Wan Liu, Richard Macaulay, and Sean Walsh. "PP81 Real World Data: The Early Access To Medicines Scheme Catches The Worm." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319002241.
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IntroductionThe Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS) aims to provide access to medicines prior to market authorization for patients with severe, life-threatening diseases who do not have adequate treatment options. An EAMS designation enables the potential collection of United Kingdom-specific real world evidence (RWE) prior to health technology assessment (HTA) by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). This research evaluates whether RWE is being gathered through the EAMS and utilized to support HTA submissions.MethodsAll EAMS designations as of 7 November 2018 were identified from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency website. For products with final NICE guidance, all publicly-available NICE documentation was reviewed.ResultsSixteen product and indication pairings with an EAMS designation were identified, with 12 having received final NICE guidance (11 were recommended, 3 were recommended for temporary reimbursement via the Cancer Drugs Fund, and 2 were not recommended). Of the 11 recommended products, seven had references to the number of patients or sites with product access through the EAMS, but only one (dupilumab for atopic dermatitis) had detailed data collected during the EAMS period. The manufacturer of dupilumab reported baseline demographics and disease characteristics from a cohort of 35 patients treated under the EAMS to inform the generalizability of trial populations for clinical practice. Follow-up results from this cohort demonstrated that real-world data on dupilumab effectiveness was comparable with the clinical trial data, despite a higher proportion of patients in the real-world cohort receiving immunosuppressant therapy, which makes improvements in efficacy harder to achieve. The committee also noted that the RWE presented supported the understanding of dupilumab's long-term clinical effectiveness and informed assumptions for the economic model.ConclusionsTo date, the majority of products receiving an EAMS designation have not presented RWE at NICE reappraisal. The case of dupilumab illustrated how RWE collected through the EAMS can be used to reduce uncertainty around how clinical trial data can be translated into clinical practice. In the future, RWE may increasingly be used to help inform NICE decisions.
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Zhang, G. X., B. G. Xiao, M. Bakhiet, et al. "Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essential to induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 184, no. 2 (1996): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.184.2.349.
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CD4+ T cells have been shown to be crucial in the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). The role of CD8+ T cells in EAMG is less well established. We previously showed that antibody depletion of CD8+ T cells in rats effectively suppresses EAMG. To further study the role and relationship of CD4+ versus CD8+ T cells in induction of EAMG, CD4-/-, CD8-/-, and CD4-8- mutant C57BL/6 mice and the parent CD4+8- wild-type mice were immunized with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) plus complete Freund's adjuvant. Clinical EAMG was nearly completely prevented in CD4-8-, CD4-/-, and CD8-/- mice. This was associated with strongly reduced AChR-specific T and B cell responses, and with reduced levels of AChR-reactive interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) mRNA-expressing cells in lymphoid organs when compared with CD4+8+ wild-type mice. We conclude that (a) both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essential for development of EAMG, and a collaboration between these cell types may be necessary; (b) CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells secrete IFN-gamma and IL-4, and both cytokines are involved in the development of EAMG; and (c), besides T cells, other immune cells might also be responsible for help of anti-AChR antibody production.
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Sakiene, Ruta, Alvita Vilkeviciute, Loresa Kriauciuniene, et al. "CYP4F2 (rs2108622) Gene Polymorphism Association with Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Advances in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3917916.
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Background. Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals where aetiology and pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration are not absolutely clear.Purpose. To determine the frequency of the genotype of rs2108622 in patients with early and exudative age-related macular degeneration.Methods. The study enrolled 190 patients with early age-related macular degeneration, 181 patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (eAMD), and a random sample of 210 subjects from the general population (control group). The genotyping of rs2108622 was carried out using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method.Results. The analysis of rs2108622 gene polymorphism did not reveal any differences in the distribution of C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes between the early AMD group, the eAMD group, and the control group. TheCYP4F2(1347C>T)T/Tgenotype was more frequent in males with eAMD compared to females (10.2% versus 0.8%;p=0.0052); alsoT/Tgenotype was less frequently present in eAMD females compared to healthy control females (0.8% versus 6.2%;p=0.027).Conclusion. Rs2108622 gene polymorphism had no predominant effect on the development of early AMD and eAMD. TheT/Tgenotype was more frequent in males with eAMD compared to females and less frequently present in eAMD females compared to healthy females.
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Raju, Raghavan, Wen-Zhi Zhan, Peter Karachunski, Bianca Conti-Fine, Gary C. Sieck, and Chella David. "Polymorphism at the HLA-DQ Locus Determines Susceptibility to Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis." Journal of Immunology 160, no. 9 (1998): 4169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.9.4169.
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Abstract Studies in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients demonstrate that polymorphism at the HLA-DQ locus influences the development of MG. Several studies using the mouse models also demonstrate the influence of class II molecules, especially the H2-A, which is the mouse homologue of HLA-DQ, in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). We used transgenic mice expressing two different DQ molecules, DQ8 (DQA1*0301/B1*0302) and DQ6 (DQA1*0103/B1*0601), to evaluate the role of HLA-DQ genes in MG. These mice do not express endogenous mouse class II molecules since they contain the mutant H2-Aβ0 gene. The mice were immunized with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor, and EAMG was assessed by clinical evaluation and was confirmed by electrophysiology. Clinical scores for EAMG were highest in HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice, whereas the scores of HLA-DQ6 mice rarely exceeded grade 1. There was no incidence of EAMG in class II-deficient (H2-Aβ0) mice. These results demonstrate that polymorphism at the HLA-DQ locus affects the incidence and the severity of EAMG. The manifestation of susceptibility to EAMG in the context of human class II molecules underscores the important roles of these molecules in the initiation and perpetuation of EAMG.
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Fattahi, Ali, Mahboobeh Dehnavi, and Leila Hamzeh. "Exercise-associated Muscle Cramps in Runners: A Review." Journal of Sport Biomechanics 7, no. 2 (2021): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/biomechanics.7.2.1.
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Objective: Exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (EAMC) is an intense, painful, and involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles during a physical activity. Runners are more prone to this syndrome than other athletes. The present paper aims to review of the literature on EAMC in runners to determine the reasons and nature of EAMC in this sports field. Methods: A search was conducted for related studies from 1997 to 2021 in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS, LILACS, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science, PEDro, Google Scholar as well as MagIran, IranDoc, IranMedex, MedLib using MeSH Keywords. The reference section of the studies were also checked to find more studies. Finally, 15 eligible papers on EAMC in runners were reviewed and findings were reported. Results: Several factors were found to be effective in EAMC among runners, including dehydration, electrolyte deficit, cold, long training or competition period, increased body temperature during training or competition, history of injury or muscle cramp, increased training intensity in short time, and dietary restrictions. Conclusion: The cause of EAMC in runners seems to be multifactorial.
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Kaul, R., M. Shenoy, E. Goluszko, and P. Christadoss. "Major histocompatibility complex class II gene disruption prevents experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis." Journal of Immunology 152, no. 6 (1994): 3152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.152.6.3152.
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Abstract To analyze the impact of lack of MHC class II gene expression, and to demonstrate the direct genetic evidence for the involvement of the MHC class II gene product in the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), MHC class II gene-disrupted C57BL6 mutant (-/-) and EAMG-susceptible MHC class II wild-type C57BL6 mice (+/+) were evaluated for the clinical and immunopathologic manifestations of EAMG. The deficiency of MHC class II, and therefore, CD4+ T cells, completely prevented the C57BL6 MHC class II mutant (-/-) mice from mounting an autoimmune response to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Further, the mutant (-/-) mice failed to show any immunopathologic and clinical manifestations of EAMG. The data unequivocally provide direct genetic evidence for the essential role of MHC class II molecules in the induction of EAMG, and rule out any pathogenic effector role for MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells, gamma delta TCR-bearing cells, or NK cells, which are intact in the MHC class II mutant mice in the induction of EAMG.
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Uroko, Robert Ikechukwu, Nnanna Charles Chukwu, Paul Chukwuemaka Nweje-anyalowu, and Chinonso Friday Aaron. "Renal Protective and Lipid Profile Modulatory Effects of Ethanol Extract of Anthocleista vogelii Stem Bark (EASB) in Renal Injury Rats Induced with Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4)." Majalah Obat Tradisional 26, no. 3 (2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.69540.
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The study evaluated the effects of ethanol extract of Anthocleista vogelii stem bark (EASB) on renal function indices and lipid profile in rats induced renal injury with CCl4. Following a completely randomized experimental design, 30 rats were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n = 5). Group 1 was the normal control, group 2 was the negative control while group 3 was the silymarin control. Groups 4 – 6 were CCl4 induced but treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EASB/day respectively. The study was conducted using appropriate methods. The results showed that the negative control had a significant (P<0.05) increase in the serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations, and a significant reduction in the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration relative to the normal control. Treatments with EASB lowered the serum creatinine, urea, and TAG concentrations when compared with the negative and silymarin controls respectively. The EASB at 100 mg/kg restored the serum HDL concentration to a normal level but 200 and 400 mg/kg EASB/day caused no significant (P>0.05) increase in the serum HDL concentrations relative to the negative control. The rats treated with EASB had elevated serum LDL and cholesterol concentrations in comparison with the negative and silymarin controls. Treatments with EASB prevented the tubular necrosis, degeneration, and infiltration of inflammatory leucocytes observed in the kidney histomorphology of the negative control. These findings suggest that EASB improves renal function and some lipid profile parameters but could cause dyslipidemia when taken in excess dose.
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Reed, Jennifer L., Jessica L. Bowell, Brenna R. Hill, Brittany A. Williams, Mary Jane De Souza, and Nancy I. Williams. "Exercising women with menstrual disturbances consume low energy dense foods and beverages." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 3 (2011): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-030.
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Women with exercise-associated menstrual cycle disturbances (EAMD) restrict energy intake. Reducing energy density (ED; kcals·g–1of food or beverage) may be a strategy employed by EAMD women to maintain lower energy intake. The purpose of this study was 3-fold: to determine whether EAMD women consume low ED diets; to identify food groups associated with low ED; and to determine concentrations of total peptide YY (PYY), a satiety factor. Twenty-five active females were divided into 2 groups, according to menstrual status: EAMD (n = 12) and ovulatory controls (OV) (n = 13). Two 3-day diet records were analyzed for ED and other parameters. Body composition, fitness, resting metabolic rate, and PYY were measured. Groups did not differ in age, age of menarche, body mass index, maximal aerobic capacity, body fat (%), or amount of exercise per week. For fat mass (12.4 ± 1.7 vs. 14.9 ± 3.5 kg; p = 0.046), energy availability (28.8 ± 11.5 vs. 42.1 ± 9.2 kcal·kg–1FFM; p = 0.006), and energy intake (29.8 ± 9.2 vs. 36.3 ± 10.6 kcals·kg–1BW; p = 0.023), EAMD was lower than OV. ED was lower in EAMD than in OV (0.77 ± 0.06 vs. 1.06 ± 0.09 kcal·g–1; p = 0.018) when all beverages were included, but not when noncaloric beverages were excluded. Vegetable (p = 0.047) and condiment (p = 0.014) consumption and fasting PYY (pg·mL–1) (p = 0.006) were higher in EAMD. EAMD ate a lower ED diet through increased vegetable, condiment, and noncaloric beverage consumption, and exhibited higher PYY concentrations. These behaviors may represent a successful strategy to restrict calories and maximize satiety.
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Araga, S., F. S. Galin, M. Kishimoto, A. Adachi, and J. B. Blalock. "Prevention of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by a monoclonal antibody to a complementary peptide for the main immunogenic region of the acetylcholine receptors." Journal of Immunology 157, no. 1 (1996): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.1.386.
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Abstract We have previously reported that a complementary peptide (denoted RhCA 67-16), encoded by RNA complementary to that of the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) main immunogenic region (MIR), AChR residues alpha 61-76, induces polyclonal and monoclonal Ab reactive with Ig against the AChR MIR. RhCA 67-16 vaccination also protected against the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in Lewis rats. In the present report, we found that a mAb (denoted TCM 240, IgG1 kappa) against RhCA 67-16 recognized three different idiotypic Ab (mAb 6, mAb 35, and mAb 198), which were previously reported by others to recognize the AChR MIR and to cause EAMG. Based on these results, TCM 240 was tested for prophylactic effects in EAMG. EAMG induced passively by mAb 35 was inhibited by simultaneous injection with TCM 240. The disease severity was inversely paralleled by the ratio of mAb 35 to TCM 240. EAMG induced by immunization with purified native Torpedo AChR was also inhibited by TCM 240, but not a control mAb. The inhibitory effect of TCM 240 on actively induced EAMG occurred without significantly lowering the overall AChR Ab levels, which indicates a limited repertoire of disease-causing Ab in EAMG and perhaps MG. Such findings suggest the existence of an EAMG-associated Id and also support the concept of an MIR. In a more general sense, these results demonstrate that prophylactic and perhaps diagnostic mAb for autoimmune diseases can be produced by immunization with complementary peptides for disease-associated epitopes.
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Greif, Robert. "EAMS corner – Message from the EAMS president." Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 12 (February 2017): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2016.12.001.
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Stone, Marcus B., Jeffrey E. Edwards, Catherine L. Stemmans, Christopher D. Ingersoll, Riann M. Palmieri, and B. Andrew Krause. "Certified Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 12, no. 4 (2003): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.12.4.333.
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Context:Despite recent evidence to suggest that exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) might be primarily of neuromuscular origin, the authors surmise that most information available to certified athletic trainers (ATCs) emphasizes the role of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance in EAMC.Objective:To investigate ATCs' perceptions of EAMC.Design:7-question, Web-based, descriptive, cross-sectional survey.Subjects:997 ATCs.Main Outcome Measures:Responses to 7 questions regarding the cause, treatment, and prevention of EAMC.Results:Responders indicated humidity, temperature, training, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance as causative factors of EAMC. Fluid replacement and stretching the involved muscle were identified as very successful in treating and preventing EAMC. Proper nutrition and electrolyte replacement were also perceived as extremely successful prevention strategies.Conclusions:ATCs' perceptions of the cause, treatment, and prevention of EAMC are primarily centered on dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Other prominent ideas concerning EAMC should be implemented in athletic training education.
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Bakheit, Ahmed H., Mohamed W. Attwa, Adnan A. Kadi, Hazem A. Ghabbour, and Hamad M. Alkahtani. "Exploring the Chemical Reactivity, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulation and ADMET Properties of a Tetrahydrothienopyridine Derivative Using Computational Methods." Crystals 13, no. 7 (2023): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071020.
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This study investigates the crystal structure, physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetic profile of Ethyl 2-amino-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxylate (EAMT) as a potential therapeutic agent. The crystal structure was analyzed using Hirshfeld surface analysis in conjunction with the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QT-AIM). Non-covalent interactions were evaluated through reduced-density gradient reduction, revealing that the EAMT crystal is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between EAMT molecules in the crystal and between EAMT molecules and water molecules. The molecular electrostatic nature of interactions was examined using MESP, while global and local descriptors were calculated to assess the compound’s reactivity. Molecular docking with the Adenosine A1 receptor was performed and validated through a 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Results suggest that EAMT influences protein structure, potentially stabilizing specific secondary structure elements. The compactness analysis showed a slightly more compact protein conformation and a marginally increased solvent exposure in the presence of the EAMT ligand, as indicated by Rg and SASA values. The total binding free energy (ΔG total) was determined to be −114.56 kcal/mol. ADMET predictions demonstrated EAMT’s compliance with Lipinski’s and Pfizer’s rule of five, indicating good oral availability. The compound may exhibit low-potency endocrine activity. In conclusion, EAMT presents potential as a therapeutic candidate, warranting further exploration of its molecular interactions, pharmacokinetics, and potential safety concerns.
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Mao, Chengzhi, Jinqing Xu, Handong Wang, et al. "Mechanism of Early Flowering in a Landrace Naked Barley eam8.l Mutant." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (2022): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092137.
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The EARLY MATURITY 8 (EAM8) gene of barley is homologous to the EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) gene in Arabidopsis, as loss-of-function mutations in this circadian clock gene promote rapid flowering. A previous study demonstrated that the early flowering phenotype of a hulless barley, Lalu, was due to allele eam8.l carrying an alternative splicing mutation in intron 3 that led to intron retention. In the present study, we verified that eam8.l encoded a truncated protein. Although EAM8 was expressed at a higher level in Lalu than in other barley lines with a longer growth period, it did not negatively regulate flowering time. This result further proved that the eam8.l protein was nonfunctional in regulating flowering in barley. The early flowering phenotype of Lalu plants was strongly dependent on the biosynthesis of gibberellin (GA). The eam8.l mutation stopped the suppression of GA biosynthesis, and Lalu accumulated excessive GA, especially in leaves. This was achieved through the upregulated expression of genes in the GA pathway, including GA20ox2, LFY1, SOC1, PAP2, and FPF3. The mutation of the EAM8 gene also abolished the inhibition of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT1) gene expression at night. During the night, expression levels of the FT1 gene were higher than those during the day in Lalu. However, the GA-dependent pathway and FT1 gene mechanism are two independent pathways that promote flowering in Lalu. Alleles of EAM8, therefore, demonstrated an important breeding value in barley, which is probably effective in many other day-length-sensitive crop plants as well; thus, they could be used to tune adaptation in different geographic regions and climatic conditions, a critical issue in times of global warming.
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Marcucci, E., E. Bartoloni, A. Alunno, et al. "Extra-articular rheumatoid arthritis." Reumatismo 70, no. 4 (2018): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2018.1106.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the joints, though a consistent proportion of patients may also display extra articular manifestations (EAMs). From rheumatoid nodules to interstitial lung disease, from cardiovascular events to vasculitis, the spectrum of EAMs encompasses various conditions with different prognoses. EAMs may also occur as first RA manifestation, therefore the coordination with other health professionals, including general practitioners, is needed. The aim of this article is to provide an overview on EAMs in RA with particular focus on the recognised risk factors and the available recommendations for managing them, as well as comorbidities in RA patients.
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Wang, Jing, Yanju Liu, Fei Cheng, et al. "Role of the Indian Ocean basin mode in driving the interdecadal variations of summer precipitation over the East Asian monsoon boundary zone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 8 (2024): 5099–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5099-2024.
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Abstract. Based on long-term observational and reanalysis datasets from 1901 through 2014, this study investigates the characteristics and physical causes of the interdecadal variations in the summer precipitation over the East Asian monsoon boundary zone (EAMBZ), which is a peculiar domain defined from the perspective of the interplay between climatic systems (i.e., mid-latitude westerly and East Asian summer monsoon). Observational evidence reveals that, similarly to previous studies, the EAMBZ precipitation featured prominent interdecadal fluctuations, e.g., with dry summers during the periods preceding 1927, 1939–1945, 1968–1982, and 1998–2010 and wet summers during the periods of 1928–1938, 1946–1967, and 2011 onwards. Further analyses identify that, amongst the major interdecadal oceanic forcings (e.g., Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and Pacific decadal oscillation), the Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM) is a significant oceanic forcing responsible for the interdecadal variations of the EAMBZ precipitation, playing an independent and critical modulation role. When the cold phase of the IOBM occurs, an anomalous cyclonic circulation is excited around the northeast corner of the tropical Indian Ocean, which further induces a north-low–south-high meridional seesaw pattern over the Northeast China–subtropical western Pacific (SWP) sector. Such seesaw pattern is conducive to the enhanced EAMBZ precipitation by linking favorable environments for the transportation of water vapor from the SWP and the convergence over the EAMBZ at interdecadal timescales. For this reason, a physical–empirical model for the EAMBZ precipitation is developed in terms of the IOBM cooling. Despite the fact that the extreme summer EAMBZ precipitation cannot be captured by this model, it can still well capture its interdecadal fluctuations and reflect their steady relationship. The key physical pathway connecting the IOBM cooling with the interdecadal variations of the summer EAMBZ precipitation is supported by the numerical results based on the large ensemble experiment and the Indian Ocean pacemaker experiment. Our findings may provide new insights into the understanding of the causes of the interdecadal variations in the summer EAMBZ precipitation, which may favor the long-term policy decision-making for the local hydrometeorological planning.
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Sheng, JianRong, and Betty Soliven. "IL-10 is critical in the regulatory function of CD1dhiCD5+ B cells in Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (THER2P.964)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 67.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.67.15.
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Abstract Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a T cell-dependent, B cell-mediated autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies is produced targeting the skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR). IL-10-competent subset within CD1dhiCD5+ B cells, also known as B10 cells, has been shown to regulate autoimmune diseases. In our previous study, adoptive transfer of CD1dhiCD5+ B cells expanded in vivo by GM-CSF prevented and suppressed Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (EAMG), which was associated with downregulation of mature dendritic cell marker and expansion of regulatory T cell resulting in the suppression of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-specific T cell and B cell response. To further examine the role of IL-10 in the regulatory function of B10 cells in EAMG, we induced EAMG in both wild type and IL-10 knockout mice, and also performed the adoptive transfer IL-10 deficient CD1dhiCD5+ cells to EAMG mice. We found that IL-10 knockout mice showed more severe EAMG disease with more Th1 cytokine production and less Foxp3 expression compared with wild type mice. Adoptive transfer of CD1dhiCD5+ B cells from IL-10 knockout mice to EAMG mice could not prevent and suppress disease. Our observations further confirmed that IL-10 derived from B10 cells played a critical role in maintaining and restoring immune homeostasis in EAMG mice. Administration IL-10 competent CD1dhiCD5+ B cells may represent an effective strategy in the treatment of human myasthenia gravis.
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Mockute, Ruta, Alvita Vilkeviciute, Vilma Jurate Balciuniene, Reda Zemaitiene, and Rasa Liutkeviciene. "ABCA1 rs1883025 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 Gene Polymorphism Association with Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Anti-VEGF Treatment." Medicina 57, no. 9 (2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090974.
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Background and Objectives: The age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathophysiology is multifactorial, as it consists of interactions between aging, genetic, and environmental factors. We aimed to determine a relationship between AMD and the genes controlling lipid metabolism, and to assess its association with treatment results. The purpose was to find the ABCA1 rs1883025 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 gene polymorphisms in patients with exudative AMD (eAMD) treated with anti-VEGF. Materials and Methods: The study enroled 104 patients with eAMD and 201 healthy persons in a control group. The genotyping of rs1883025 and rs2108622 was performed using the RT-PCR method. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were measured before anti-VEGF therapy, then at three and six months during the therapy, using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The patients were grouped to responders and non-responders according to the changes in BCVA and CRT. Results: The T allele at rs1883025 was more frequent in non-responder eAMD patients compared to responder eAMD patients (41.7% vs. 21.1%; p = 0.009). The analysis of rs2108622 gene polymorphism did not reveal any differences in the distribution of C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes between the eAMD group and the control group (56.35%, 39.78%, and 3.87% in the eAMD group and 53.33%, 39.05% and 7.62% in the control group, respectively, p = 0.286). The comparison of CRT and BCVA between the rs2108622 genotypes revealed statistically significant differences: CRT was thicker for the CC carriers than for those with CT and TT genotypes (p = 0.030). Conclusion: The rs1883025 T allele was found to play a more significant role in non-responder eAMD patients compared to responder eAMD patients. The rs2108622 genotypes revealed statistically significant differences: CRT was thicker for the CC carriers than for those with CT and TT genotypes.
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Ge, Sai, Jun Ma, Lei Liu, and Zhiming Yuan. "The Impact of Exogenous Aerobic Bacteria on Sustainable Methane Production Associated with Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation: Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (2020): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051815.
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In this work, the impact of exogenous aerobic bacteria mixture (EABM) on municipal solid waste (MSW) is well evaluated in the following aspects: biogas production, leachate analysis, organic waste degradation, EABM population, and the composition of microbial communities. The study was designed and performed as follows: the control bioreactor (R1) was filled up with MSW and the culture medium of EABM and the experimental bioreactor (R2) was filled up with MSW and EABM. The data suggests that the composition of microbial communities (bacterial and methanogenic) in R1 and R2 were similar at day 0, while the addition of EABM in R2 led to a differential abundance of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphlyoccus xylosus, and Pantoea agglomerans in two bioreactors. The population of exogenous aerobic bacteria in R2 greatly increased during hydrolysis and acidogenesis stages, and subsequently increased the degradation of volatile solid (VS), protein, lipid, and lignin by 59.25%, 25.68%, 60.47%, and 197.62%, respectively, compared to R1. The duration of hydrolysis and acidogenesis in R2 was 33.33% shorter than that in R1. At the end of the study, the accumulative methane yield in R2 (494.4 L) was almost three times more than that in R1 (187.4 L). In addition, the abundance of acetoclasic methanogens increased at acetogenesis and methanogenesis stages in both bioreactors, which indicates that acetoclasic methanogens (especially Methanoseata) could contribute to methane production. This study demonstrates that EABM can accelerate organic waste degradation to promote MSW biodegradation and methane production. Moreover, the operational parameters helped EABM to generate 20.85% more in accumulative methane yield. With a better understanding of how EABM affects MSW and the composition of bacterial community, this study offers a potential practical approach to MSW disposal and cleaner energy generation worldwide.
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dqekjh, MkW. çhfr. "frys'ojukFk eafnj ,oa ewfrZ;k¡." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 5, no. 19 (2024): 113–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12634800.
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<strong>lkjka'k % </strong> orZeku esa iVuk flVh ftls ikVyhiq= ds uke ls tkurs gSa] iqjkrkfRod n`f"Vdks.k ls egRoiw.kZ gSA 2500 o"kZ iwoZ nks fo'kky }kj cuok,¡ x, Fks&iwoÊ)kj rFkk if'peh}kj A bUgÈ nks fo'kky }kjksa ds eè; Hkkx esa fLFkr Þ'kghn Hkxr Çlg pkSdÞ ekxZ ls nf{k.k fn'kk esa fLFkr Þckck frys'ojukFk eafnjß gSA eafnj ds iwoZ fn'kk esa Þxq# xksfoUn ÇlgÞ dh ikou tUeLFkyh gS ftldh nwjh eafnj ls yxHkx 400 ehVj gSA eafnj ds mÙkjh Hkkx esa xaxkunh gSA eafnj ds nf{k.k fn'kk esa 1fdehñ dh nwjh ij iVuk lkfgc jsyos LVs'ku gSA bUgÈ egRoiw.kZ LFkkuksa ds eè; esa ckck frys'ojukFk dk eafnj fo|eku gSA eafnj ds eq[; vax xHkZx`g] varjky rFkk eaMy gSA eafnj dk eq[; ços'k }kj vk;rkdkj gSA }kj ls vanj ços'k djus ij eaMi rFkk varjky gksrs gq, xHkZx`g esa ços'k djrs gSaA eafnj ds Åij f'k[kj gSA f'k[kj dk uhpyk Hkkx pkSdksj gSA f'k[kj ds Åij veyd rFkk ;f"B ¼M.Mk½] irkdk ¼nsork dk fpUg½ cuk gqvk gSA bl eafnj esa fuEufyf[kr çfrek,¡ LFkkfir gS tks fuEufyf[kr gSA
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Sorbello, Massimiliano, Flavia Petrini, Rüdiger Noppens, et al. "EAMS☆ corner." Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 5, no. 6 (2015): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2015.10.002.
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Tino Greif, Robert. "EAMS corner." Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 7-8 (June 2016): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2016.06.003.
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Saracoglu, Kemal Tolga, Lorenz G. Theiler, Pedro Charco Mora, and Robert Greif. "EAMS corner." Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 9 (September 2016): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2016.08.003.
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Falcetta, Stefano, Alex Kennedy, and Lorenz Theiler. "EAMS corner." Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 13 (April 2017): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2017.03.001.
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Timmermann, Arnd, Micheal Kristensen, and Robert Greif. "EAMS Corner." Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 14 (June 2017): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2017.05.006.
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Saracoglu, K. T., K. A. Okuyucu, M. Sorbello, M. P. Charco, and R. Greif. "EAMS corner." Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 20 (June 2018): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2018.04.008.
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Greif, Robert. "EAMS corner." Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 24 (February 2019): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2019.01.004.
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Al-Ani, Ahmad Habeeb Hattab Dala Ali, Noordin Othman, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, and Baharudin Ibrahim. "Adequacy of Empiric Antibiotics Therapy and Its Impact on Outcomes in Adult Critically Ill Sepsis Patients: A Review." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 29, no. 5 (2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.5.3.
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Sepsis is a medical emergency that involves a systemic immunological response due to an infection, resulting in the end-stage-organs malfunction and death. It is associated with high mortality rate despite a better understanding of the disease pathology and the mechanism involved. This review was designed to summarise the available evidences regarding the adequacy of the empiric antimicrobial therapy (EAMT), its predictors and its impact on the outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) sepsis patients. Providing an adequate EAMT is considered one of the cornerstones of sepsis management as it has been found to be associated with better survival and is a good predictor for shorter ICU-length-of-stay. In contrast, inadequate EAMT in sepsis patients is associated with poor clinical outcomes including increased mortality and prolonged hospital stay. Evidence from this review suggest that it is important to identify determinants of inadequate EAMT to optimise the antimicrobial therapy provided to sepsis patients. Predictors of inadequate EAMT included co-morbidities (cancer), source and type of infection, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHI-II) score and long hospital stay prior to the infection. As EAMT is considered as one of the effective treatment strategies to prevent sepsis associated death, healthcare providers should ensure the adequate antimicrobial therapy is provided for sepsis patients to improve and optimise their management.
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Gaspari, Giulia, Anna Lange-Consiglio, Fausto Cremonesi, and Salvatore Desantis. "Role of Glycans in Equine Endometrial Cell Uptake of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 4 (2025): 1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041784.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell–cell communication thanks to their ability to transfer their bioactive cargo, thus regulating a variety of physiological contexts. EVs derived from amniotic mesenchymal/stromal cells (eAMC-EVs) are internalized by equine endometrial cells (eECs) with positive effects on regenerative medicine treatments. As the cellular uptake of EVs is influenced by the glycan profile of both EVs and target cells, this study is focused on the role of surface glycans in the uptake of eAMC-EVs by recipient eECs. Equine ECs were obtained by enzymatic digestion of uteri from healthy mares. Equine AMC-EVs were isolated from amniotic cell cultures according to a standardized protocol. The glycan pattern was studied using a panel of lectins in combination with fucosidase and neuraminidase treatment. Both eECs and eAMC-EVs expressed N-linked high mannose glycans, as well as fucosylated and sialylated glycans. All these glycans were involved in the uptake of eAMC-EVs by eECs. The internalization of eAMC-EVs was strongly reduced after cleavage of α1,2-linked fucose and α2,3/α2,6-linked sialic acids. These results demonstrate that surface glycans are involved in the internalization of eAMC-EVs by eECs and that fucosylated and sialylated glycans are highly relevant in the transfer of bioactive molecules with effects on regenerative medicine treatments.