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1
Jingkun, Xu, ed. Xi tong er kuo bao jian an mo: Health-keeping auriculomassage of systems auricle medicine. Qingdao chu ban she, 2010.
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author, Ikegawa Akira, and Hu Wenting translator, eds. Nie nie er duo, zi gong ma fan shao: 70 wan ren zheng shi, 1 fe zhong hu yi sheng de er xue zi yu shu! : tian tian nie cuo la, tiao jie zi lü shen jing, zhong jie fu nü bing. Rui li mei ren guo ji mei ti, 2016.
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Rou er yang sheng zhi bing: Ping shi yang sheng hai ke jie jue yang bing, fei pang, shi mian, tong jing, zuo gu shen jing tong : shi jie wei sheng zu zhi biao zhun xue wei zhi liao, 30 fen zhong jiu xue hui duo wei bai sui ren rui yu zhong yi de yang sheng fa. Xing fu wen hua chu ban she, 2017.
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7
DELTORN, Jean-Marc, and Evelyne PICHENOT, eds. Algorithmes et Société. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813003928.
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Au cœur d’un nombre croissant d’avancées technologiques, de l’exploitation des données de masse à la médecine, de la gestion de crises à l’automatisation de procédés industriels, les algorithmes font aujourd’hui partie de notre quotidien. Une omniprésence qui n’est pourtant pas synonyme d’infaillibilité, car, au-delà des apports indéniables de la machinerie algorithmique, celle-ci connait des limites. Ici, elle participe à augmenter la productivité et ouvre la voie à une «industrie 4.0», là, elle bouleverse l’emploi ; ici l’algorithme identifie les pathologies mieux que les meilleurs cliniciens, là il propose un traitement aberrant ; dans un cas l’algorithme s’illustre, dans l’autre il achoppe. Entre succès retentissants et dérapages incontrôlés, ce sont ces usages et ces limites qu’il est aujourd’hui essentiel d’explorer, sous toutes leurs facettes. Devant la variété des problématiques posées par les diverses applications des algorithmes, pour en dresser un «portrait-robot», une approche transversale, en intelligence collective, s’impose. Le rapport science et société est au cœur des problématiques abordées par l’Institut des Hautes Études pour la science et la technologie (IHEST). [...]
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Mangeot, Mathieu, and Agnès Tutin, eds. Lexique(s) et genre(s) textuel(s) : approches sur corpus. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813003454.
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Cet ouvrage collectif rassemble vingt-quatre contributions scientifiques sélectionnées parmi les présentations des onzièmes journées du réseau Lexicologie, Terminologie, Traduction. Ces journées intitulées « Lexique(s) et genre(s) textuel(s) : approches sur corpus » eurent lieu à Grenoble, France du 25 au 28 septembre 2018. Les études lexicales ont connu un profond renouveau depuis quelques années avec l'exploitation massive de corpus de données textuelles pour les études linguistiques. Ces approches ont à la fois renouvelé les méthodes de collecte des données, mais aussi les descriptions linguistiques, désormais davantage basées sur l'usage. L’accent de cette édition 2018 a été mis sur les méthodes de description des unités lexicales exploitant les corpus textuels. Le Réseau LTT: Présent et actif de longue date sur l’ensemble du continent africain, le réseau **Lexicologie, Terminologie, Traduction (LTT)** a été l’un des premiers réseaux de chercheurs de l’Agence universitaire de la Francophonie avant de devenir une association internationale qui poursuit les objectifs et les idéaux de ses fondateurs et continue à œuvrer en partenariat avec les acteurs de la Francophonie. Depuis plus de trente ans, le réseau LTT inscrit ses travaux au cœur de la problématique de la diversité linguistique et du plurilinguisme. Il fédère vingt-quatre centres de recherche implantés sur quatre continents (Amérique du Nord, Asie, Europe et Afrique) et rassemble plusieurs centaines de chercheurs issus d’un grand nombre de pays francophones, voire de territoires où le français est une langue seconde, sans statut officiel ni lien génétique ou historique avec les langues locales. Le site web du réseau LTT est accessible à cette adresse : https://reseau-ltt.net
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Hardy, Jeffrey S. A Gulag Without Stalin. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501702792.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book argues that the post-Stalin leadership, having inherited a massive, inefficient, violent, and corrupt penal system, engaged in a serious and substantive reforming effort bent on transforming the Soviet Gulag both quantitatively and qualitatively. In order to make proper sense of Khrushchev-era reforms in the penal sector, this book places them within three broader narratives. First, they were just one part, albeit a very important and lasting part, of an extensive reformist program instituted by Stalin's heirs and Khrushchev in particular. Second, they were part of a global postwar penal transition toward rehabilitation and greater leniency and respect for inmates. Finally, Khrushchev's Gulag should be understood within the broader context of Soviet crime and punishment, particularly in relation to the Stalin-era Gulag.
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Phillips, J. R. S. The Epilogue to Pembroke’s Career Civil War and After, 1321 to 1324. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198223597.003.0008.
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This chapter focuses on the years 1321–1324, a period that forms merely an epilogue to Aymer de Valence's life. In August 1321, when the full force of the Marchers was at his back, the Earl of Pembroke was no longer in a position to persuade or cajole Edward II. Once the Despensers were in exile, it would take more ability and force than Pembroke could command to stop the King from recalling them. The chapter examines Pembroke's role in the campaign that finally destroyed the Marchers and Thomas, Earl of Lancaster in 1321 and 1322 and that resulted in total victory for the King, the rise of the Despensers, a massacre of the magnates, and the creation in England of a regime supported only on fear and military force. It also considers Pembroke's activities in the area of royal diplomacy and concludes with a reflection on his death.
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Stevenson, Jane. Self-Fashioning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808770.003.0014.
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Gertrude Stein wrote, ‘Fashion is the real thing in abstraction.’ What she seems to mean is that fashion reflected the revolutionary ideas and excitement of modernity without troubling itself with theory. Fashion, and the new fashion for make-up, gave women new kinds of opportunity: in terms of clothes, modernism and modern baroque are represented by Coco Chanel and Elsa Schiaparelli respectively, but other women, notably Helena Rubinstein and Elizabeth Arden, were among the creators of a massive new cosmetics industry. The era is also remarkable for its passion for fancy dress; and for people who used outré clothes to make a personal statement, such as Edith Sitwell and Ottoline Morrell.
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Kachun, Mitch. First Martyr of Liberty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731619.001.0001.
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First Martyr of Liberty explores how Crispus Attucks’s death in the 1770 Boston Massacre led to his achieving mythic significance in African Americans’ struggle to incorporate their experiences and heroes into the mainstream of the American historical narrative. While the other victims of the massacre have been largely ignored, Attucks is widely celebrated as the first to die in the cause of freedom during the era of the American Revolution. He became a symbolic embodiment of black patriotism and citizenship. This book traces Attucks’s career through both history and myth to understand how his public memory has been constructed through commemorations and monuments; institutions and organizations bearing his name; juvenile biographies; works of poetry, drama, and visual arts; popular and academic histories; and school textbooks. There will likely never be a definitive biography of Crispus Attucks since so little evidence exists about the man’s actual life. While what can and cannot be known about Attucks is addressed here, the focus is on how he has been remembered—variously as either a hero or a villain—and why at times he has been forgotten, by different groups and individuals from the eighteenth century into the twenty-first.
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Steinberg, Ronen. Reckoning with Terror. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.028.
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The events of 9 Thermidor marked not only the end of the Reign of Terror but also the beginning of a long process of coming to terms with its legacies. This chapter examines this process. It argues that in the aftermath of the Terror, contemporaries of the revolutionary era grappled with a series of novel dilemmas around retribution, redress, and remembrance, confronting a wide range of issues about responsibility, loss, and individual, familial and social identity as a result. What made these dilemmas new is that they would have been unthinkable under the old regime. They emerged from the democratizing thrust of the Revolution. In this sense, the French Revolution transformed how modern societies face the consequences of massive violence.
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Norris, Pippa, Sarah Cameron, and Thomas Wynter, eds. Electoral Integrity in America. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190934163.001.0001.
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The contemporary era raises a series of red flags about electoral integrity in America. Problems include plummeting public trust, exacerbated by President Trump’s claims of massive electoral fraud. Confidence in the impartiality and reliability of information from the news media has eroded. And Russian meddling has astutely exploited both these vulnerabilities, heightening fears that the 2016 contest was unfair. This book brings together a first-class group of expert academics and practitioners to analyze challenges facing contemporary elections in America. Contributors analyze evidence for a series of contemporary challenges facing American elections, including the weaknesses of electoral laws, overly restrictive electoral registers, gerrymandering district boundaries, fake news, the lack of transparency, and the hodgepodge of inconsistent state regulations. The conclusion sets these issues in comparative context and draws out the broader policy lessons for improving electoral integrity and strengthening democracy.
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Mitchell, Colter. The Genetics of Human Behavior. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.43.
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This chapter examines the recent massive expansion of genetic research into human behavior. Based on decades of twin research, there were high expectations of strong genetic effects for almost all behavior. Further work on candidate genes from animal research proved initially exciting. Although that research continues, it now currently receives much less attention, in contrast to whole-genome examinations. This chapter provides insight into the whole-genome era of behavioral research and the extent to which it may or may not be a profitable endeavor. Sociologists are generally unaware of this body of research, but it will likely continue to grow. The methods, strengths, and limitations of genome-wide work are discussed. A discussion of the future of this area and the extent to which this provides any leverage for social research of human behavior concludes the chapter.
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Kachun, Mitch. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731619.003.0011.
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The Conclusion ties together the book’s main arguments about Crispus Attucks’s place in American history and memory. We do not know enough about his experiences, associations, or motives before or during the Boston Massacre to conclude with certainty that Attucks should be considered a hero and patriot. But his presence in that mob on March 5, 1770, embodies the diversity of colonial America and the active participation of workers and people of color in the public life of the Revolutionary era. The strong likelihood that Attucks was a former slave who claimed his own freedom and carved out a life for himself in the colonial Atlantic world adds to his story’s historical significance. The lived realities of Crispus Attucks and the many other men and women like him must be a part of Americans’ understanding of the nation’s founding generations.
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Gentry, Philip M. What Will I Be. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299590.001.0001.
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In the wake of World War II, the cultural life of the United States underwent a massive transformation. Central to the era was the rise of the concept of identity, and with it a reformulation of the country’s political life during the early Cold War. At the same time, a revolution in music was taking place, a tumult of new musical styles and institutions that would lead to everything from the birth of rock and roll to the new downtown experimental music. Together, these two trends came to define the era: a search for new social affinities and modes of self-fashioning, with music providing just the right tool for doing so. What Will I Be: American Music and Cold War Identity follows the development of the concept of identity as it emerged alongside the development of new post-war music making. It travels through four very different musical scenes: early doo-wop pioneers the Orioles, the early film musicals of Doris Day, Asian American cabaret in San Francisco, and John Cage’s infamous silent piece. Close analyses of small moments in the lives of musicians, composers, critics, and fans look at how individuals negotiated the larger social forces sweeping the country, laying the groundwork for many of today’s political and musical narratives.
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Berry, Daina Ramey, and Nakia D. Parker. Women and Slavery in the Nineteenth Century. Edited by Ellen Hartigan-O'Connor and Lisa G. Materson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190222628.013.9.
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This chapter analyzes the lives of enslaved women in the nineteenth-century United States and the Caribbean, an era characterized by the massive expansion of the institution of chattel slavery. Framing the discussion through the themes of labor, commodification, sexuality, and resistance, this chapter highlights the wide range of lived experiences of enslaved women in the Atlantic World. Enslaved women’s productive and reproductive labor fueled the global machinery of capitalism and the market economy. Although enslaved women endured the constant exploitation and commodification of their bodies, many actively resisted their enslavement and carved out supportive and sustaining familial, marital, and kinship bonds. In addition, this essay explains how white, native, and black women could be complicit in the perpetuation of chattel slavery as enslavers and slave traders. Considering women in their roles as the oppressed and the oppressors contributes and expands historical understandings of gender and sexuality in relation to slavery.
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Roller, Michael P. An Archaeology of Structural Violence. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056081.001.0001.
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Using evidence of historical changes in landscape, community life, and material culture from a coal mining company town in the Anthracite Coal Region of Northeast Pennsylvania, Michael Roller introduces an archaeological approach to the structural violence on workers, citizens, and consumers that developed across the twentieth century. The study begins with an analysis of a moment of explicit violence at the end of the nineteenth century, an event known as the Lattimer Massacre, in which as many as nineteen immigrant miners were shot by a posse of local businessmen. From this touchstone, material history and theoretical contexts across the twentieth century are documented in a manner both locally specific and broadly generalizable. Historical archaeology is used strategically, opportunistically, and dialectically, supported, amplified, and illuminated by archival and ethnographic research, spatial analysis, and social theory. In the process, attention is brought to contradictions, ironies, and absences in our understandings of this formative era in labor history. This study illuminates the development of systematized violence and soft forms of social control enacted by the collusion of state and capital through materialities such as infrastructure, urban redevelopment, mass consumerism, governmentality, biopolitics, and the shifting boundaries of sovereign power. Varied in its use of sources, the study returns again and again to the material life and the shifting landscapes of the company towns and shanty enclaves of the region, as well as the violence of the Massacre. This archaeology of the recent past shows us the unconscious material foundations for present social troubles.
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Sand, Christophe. Archaeology of a Piece of Gondwanaland. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.014.
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New Caledonia is the southern-most archipelago of Melanesia. Its unique geological diversity, as part of the old Gondwana plate, has led to specific pedological and floral environments that have, since first human settlement, influenced the ways Pacific Islanders have occupied and used the landscape. This essay presents some of the key periods of the nearly 3,000 years of pre-colonial human settlement. After having presented a short history of archaeological research in New Caledonia, the essay focuses first on the Lapita foundation, which raises questions of long-term contacts and cultural change. The second part details the unique specificities developed during the “Traditional Kanak Cultural Complex,” during the millennium predating first European contact, as well as highlighting the massive changes brought by the introduction of new diseases, in the decades before the colonial settlement era. This leads to questions about archaeological history and the role of archaeology in the present decolonizing context.
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Keymer, Thomas. The Subjective Turn. Edited by David Duff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660896.013.20.
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Central to Charles Taylor’s account of secular modernity, in which divinely guaranteed truth gives way to the personal and human, is ‘the massive subjective turn … in which we come to think of ourselves as beings with inner depths’. This chapter approaches the ‘subjective turn’ of Romantic literature by way of its philosophical and literary antecedents in the eighteenth century, emphasizing the instability or inscrutability of personal identity as conceived in Hume, Sterne, and the emergent genre of autobiography. The most powerful autobiographies of the Romantic era—if we include such generically complex cases as The Prelude and Biographia Literaria—inherit and develop a Shandean sense of the problematics of their own enterprise. Yet their fascination with the processes of cognition, and more broadly with mental operations, conscious or unconscious, also bears the mark of more recent psychological discourses; they articulate a new sense of subjectivity as constituted by the creative perceptual activity of imagination.
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Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N., and Maura Elizabeth Cunningham. China in the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190659073.001.0001.
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In this fully revised and updated third edition of China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know® , Jeffrey Wasserstrom and Maura Elizabeth Cunningham provide cogent answers to the most urgent questions regarding the newest superpower, and offer a framework for understanding China’s meteoric rise from developing country to superpower. Focusing their answers through the historical legacies--Confucian thought, Western and Japanese imperialism, the Mao era, and the massacre near Tiananmen Square--that largely define China’s present-day trajectory, Wasserstrom and Cunningham introduce readers to the Chinese Communist Party, the building boom in Shanghai, and the environmental fall-out of rapid Chinese industrialization. They also explain unique aspects of Chinese culture such as the one-child policy, and provide insight into Chinese-American relations, a subject that has become increasingly fraught during the Trump era. As Wasserstrom and Cunningham draw parallels between China and other industrialized nations during their periods of development, in particular the United States during its rapid industrialization in the 19th century, they also provide guidance on the ways we might expect China to act in the future vis-à-vis the United States, Russia, India, and its East Asian neighbors. Updated to include perspectives on Hong Kong’s shifting political status, as well as expanding on President Xi Jinping’s time in office, China in the 21st Century provides a concise and insightful introduction to this significant global power.
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Cohen, Robert. When the Old Left Was Young. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195060997.001.0001.
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The Depression era saw the first mass student movement in American history. The crusade, led in large part by young Communists, was both an anti-war campaign and a movement championing a broader and more egalitarian vision of the welfare state than that of the New Dealers. The movement arose from a massive political awakening on campus, caused by the economic crisis of the 1930s, the escalating international tensions, and threat of world war wrought by fascism. At its peak, in the late 1930s, the movement mobilized at least a half million collegians in annual strikes against war. Never before, and not again until the 1960s, were so many undergraduates mobilized for political protest in the United States. The movement lost nearly all its momentum in 1939, when the signing of the Hitler-Stalin pact served to discredit the student Communist leaders. Adding to the emerging portrait of political life in the 1930s, this book is the result of an extraordinary amount of research, has fascinating individual stories to tell, and offers the first comprehensive history of this student insurgency.
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Steinberg, Ellen F., and Jack H. Prost. The Early Jewish Presence in the Middle West. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036200.003.0002.
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This chapter describes the early Jewish settlers in the Midwest. The first one was a German-Jew from Berlin named Ezekiel Solomon who landed at the northern tip of the Lower Peninsula in 1761. A simple marker, erected by the Jewish Historical Society of Michigan, in Michilimackinac State Park, Mackinaw City, says that he survived an Ojibwa massacre at Fort Michilimackinac in 1763, was a fur trader who ran a general store provisioning the British Army, and was one of the founders of Canada's first (Sephardic rite) synagogue, Montreal's Shearith Israel. The chapter also details how during the 1800s and even as late as the 1910s, Jews who kept kosher often had a difficult time during their overland journeys to or through the Midwest. They either had to carry food with them hoping their supplies would last until they reached their destination; subsist on purchased or bartered eggs, milk, nuts, and/or fruits, if they could find them; or eat at “kosher” hotels or boarding houses of which there were woefully few.
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Kells, Stuart. Australian pulps 1939–1959: You go high, we go low. La Trobe eBureau, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26826/1012.
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Popular during the middle parts of the 20th century, pulp fiction novels and comics were produced in massive quantities by Australian publishers. Most were written by hacks and enthusiastic amateurs willing to sign contracts that demanded an incredibly high output of work. Pulp publications were cheaply made, formulaic and designed to be read quickly and then thrown away. Often noted for their lurid cover art and titillating titles, they satisfied an appetite for fast entertainment in the era before television. This book explores the pulp publishing scene in Australia from 1939 to 1959. It examines the circumstances that gave rise to this field of ‘low literature’; the major participants in it – publishers, authors and artists – and the different expressions of the pulp genre available to readers, including crime pulps, westerns, sci-fi, romance and ‘weird tales’. The book is vividly illustrated with covers from the author’s own collection of Australian pulp novelettes. It provides an introduction to an under-regarded and little known sphere of Australian publishing. It is a valuable record of the mostly overlooked Australian writers involved, and the distinctive conditions under which these cultural products were produced.
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Cox, Adam, and Cristina M. Rodriguez. The President and Immigration Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694364.001.0001.
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This book challenges the myth that Congress—not the President—controls immigration law, dictating who may come to the United States, and who may stay, in a detailed and comprehensive legislative code. Drawing on a wide range of sources—rich historical materials, unique data on immigration enforcement, and insider accounts of the nation’s massive immigration bureaucracy—it reveals how the President has become our immigration policymaker-in-chief over the course of two centuries. From founding-era debates over the Alien and Sedition Acts, to Jimmy Carter’s intervention during the Mariel boatlift from Cuba, to the last two administrations’ reactions to Central American asylum seekers at the southern border, presidential crisis management has played an important role in this story. Far more foundational, however, has been the ordinary executive obligation to enforce the law. Over time, the power born of that duty has become the central vehicle for making immigration policy in the United States. In grappling with the implications of this power, the book also provides a blueprint for reform, one that accepts rather than laments the role the President plays in shaping the national community, while outlining strategies to curb the abuse of law enforcement authority in immigration and beyond.
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Bellamy, Alex J. East Asia's Other Miracle. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777939.001.0001.
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East Asia, until recently a boiling pot of massacre and blood-letting, has achieved relative peace. A region that at the height of the Cold War had accounted for around 80 percent of the world’s mass atrocities has experienced such a decline in violence that by 2015 it accounted for less than 5 percent. This book explains East Asia’s “other” miracle and asks whether it is merely a temporary blip in the historical cycle or the dawning of a new, and more peaceful, era for the region. It argues that the decline of mass atrocities in East Asia resulted from four interconnected factors: the consolidation of states and emergence of responsible sovereigns; the prioritization of economic development through trade; the development of norms and habits of multilateralism; and transformations in the practice of power politics. Particular attention is paid to North Korea and Myanmar, countries whose experience has bucked regional trends largely because these states have not succeeded in consolidating themselves to the point where they no longer depend on violence to survive. Although the region faces several significant future challenges, this book argues that the much reduced incidence of mass atrocities in East Asia is likely to be sustained into the foreseeable future.
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Lambe, Ariel Mae. No Barrier Can Contain It. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652856.001.0001.
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Vividly recasting Cuba’s politics in the 1930s as transnational, Ariel Mae Lambe has produced an unprecendented reimagining of Cuban activism during an era previously regarded as a lengthy, defeated lull. In this period, many Cuban activists began to look at their fight against strongman rule and neocolonial control at home as part of the international antifascism movement that exploded with the Spanish Civil War. Frustrated by multiple domestic setbacks, including Colonel Fulgencio Batista’s violent crushing of a massive general strike, activists found strength in the face of repression by refusing to view their political goals as confined to the island. As individuals and in groups, Cubans from diverse backgrounds and political stances self-identified as antifascists and moved, both physically and symbolically, across borders and oceans, cultivating networks and building solidarity for a New Spain and a New Cuba. They believed that it was through these ostensibly foreign fights that they would achieve economic and social progress for their nation. Indeed, Cuban antifascism was such a strong movement, Lambe argues, that it helps to explain the surprisingly progressive turn that Batista and the Cuban government took at the end of the decade, including the establishment of a new constitution and presidential elections.
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Bratman, Eve Z. Governing the Rainforest. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949389.001.0001.
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Sustainable development is among the foremost ideas that guide societal aspirations around the world. This book interrogates the concept through a critical lens, examining both its history and the trajectory of its manifestations in the Brazilian Amazon. The book argues that sustainable development is a concept that is better understood as involving embroilments and ongoing processes of contestation rather than a single end goal. The research offers historical analysis of Amazonian development from the colonial era into the discourse and praxis of sustainable development in contemporary times, and then illustrates the tensions of sustainable development plans that are experienced by people living in the areas geographically the closest to where those plans are being implemented. The history of the Brazilian Amazon is introduced to readers through focused discussions on the tensions between making grand plans for the region and the everyday practices and experiences of sustainable development, which involve considerably more muddling. Case studies explore agrarian reform initiatives that occur alongside road paving projects, the creation of extractive reserves and conservation areas that follow in the wake of assassinations, and the construction of a massive hydroelectric dam. While Amazonian sustainable development is a widely-accepted imperative, the research presented here shows how land use and infrastructure plans conducted in the name of sustainable development often perpetuate and reinforce economic and political inequalities.
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Qi, Xiaoying. Remaking Families in Contemporary China. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510988.001.0001.
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The book examines a number of emerging family-relations practices engaged in contemporary China. In doing so, it draws attention to new patterns of behavior and expectations related to transformation of the family since the advent of marketization. It also shows why exploration of family-related themes is important in understanding the nature of society, the forces that underpin social relationships more broadly, and the basis and nature of social change. It fills a gap in the literature by examining such heretofore unrecognized topics as the practices related to giving a child a surname. It also examines the previously unrecognized migratory movement of rural and small-town grandparents who join adult children who have relocated to urban areas for employment, providing childcare so that both of the child’s parents can earn an income—thus becoming part of the massive “floating” population that characterizes China’s workforce today. Three other aspects of family life that are underexplored in the literature are also examined—namely, spousal intimacy, divorce, and remarriage and cohabitation in later life. In all of these cases empirical material is refracted through new insights and theoretical developments. Research for this book is based on semistructured in-depth interviews with 178 men and women. The interviews were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in Beijing, Changshu, Dongguan, Guangzhou, Hefei, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong.
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Statement respecting the Earl of Selkirk's settlement upon the Red River, in North America: Its destruction in 1815 and 1816, and the massacre of Governor Semple and his party : with observations upon a recent publication, entitled "A narrative of occurrences in the Indian countries," &c. Published by James Eastburn & Co. ..., 1985.
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Carmichael, Cathie. Nationalisms in International Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.268.
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Nationalism has made a significant contribution to state formation, but also to state deformation, secessionist movements, and wars. In international relations, nationalism has emerged as a particularly pressing problem over the question of disputed territorial boundaries. Indeed, nationalist movements seeking to change or revise boundaries by either negotiation, stealth, or force have been one of the most fundamental causes of both international and internal conflict in the modern era. The case of Bosnia-Hercegovina is a classic example of a long-running nationalist conflict which has had a profound empirical implications for both the social sciences and the humanities. The massacre at Srebrenica, ruled as genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal in The Hague, had a considerable impact beyond the Balkans and the Netherlands. While discussing genocide and crimes against humanity in fair historical context within parts of Serbia and enclaves within Republika Srpska and Montenegro today has remained a difficult and challenging task, a growing number of scholars have shown interest in comparative genocide and the way in which events can be meaningfully compared. The case of Bosnia has also provoked numerous debates in other areas, including the role of sexual crimes in war; obfuscation and genocide denial among extreme nationalists; issues of citizenship, reconstruction, and peacekeeping; the shortcomings of the international community (with particular reference to the United Nations); and the role of international law, especially the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
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Demson, Michael, and Regina Hewitt, eds. Commemorating Peterloo. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428569.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Two hundred years after the massacre of peaceful protestors who had gathered in St Peter's Field, Manchester, to hear 'Orator' Henry Hunt speak for Parliamentary Reform, this volume brings together scholars of the Romantic Era to assess the implications of such state violence in England, Scotland, Ireland and North America. Chapters explore how attitudes toward violence and the claims of 'the people' to participate in government were reflected and revised in the works of figures such as P. B. Shelley, John Keats, Walter Scott, Sydney Owenson, John Cahuac and J.M.W. Turner. Their analyses provide fresh insights into cultural engagement as a means of resisting oppression and as a sign of the resilience of humanity in facing threats and force. On the whole, the book advances the hypothesis that 'Peterloo', as the event was termed to evoke the British military victory at Waterloo, was most of all a conflict over the perceived and aspirational identities of the participants and observers and that the conflict manifested the identity of 'the people' as claimants on government. Recognizing popular claim-making was crucial for the passage of Reform. Though Peterloo resulted in an immediate backlash of repression, it contributed in the longer term to the change in attitude enabling Reform. The book concludes that state violence ultimately proved ineffective against popular participation, though it also uncovers the ways in which repressive measures function as a subtle and hidden kind of violence that discourages civic activism and continues to call forth cultural resistance.
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Cunha, Manuel Antunes da, ed. Repensar a Imprensa no Ecossistema Digital. Axioma - Publicações da Faculdade de Filosofia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/axi/2020_9789726973287.
Full textAbstract:
Os discursos sobre a crise do jornalismo não datam de ontem, nem irromperam na era digital. Não deixa de ser significativo que a crítica acima reproduzida tenha sido formulada há mais de 130 anos pelo jornalista e romancista Emile Zola, que viria a assinar “J’accuse” (L’Aurore, 13 de janeiro de 1898), um dos mais célebres textos da história do periodismo. Nos finais do séc. XIX e inícios do séc. XX, a imprensa escrita francesa vai de vento em popa, contabilizando cerca de 600 diários, dos quais nove dezenas sediados em Paris (Kalifa, 2011). Já há algumas décadas que o jornalismo se tornara um negócio lucrativo. Artigos de opinião e debates de cariz político cedem progressivamente lugar a conteúdos suscetíveis de atraírem um maior número de leitores, incluindo os menos escolarizados, potenciando um aumento de receitas publicitárias. Por seu turno, nos Estados Unidos, o periodismo de informação impusera-se como paradigma dominante a partir dos anos 1880-1910, através da dissociação entre os factos e a interpretação dos mesmos (Brin et al., 2004). De um lado, uma ética da objetividade, consolidada por meio de géneros como a entrevista e a reportagem. Do outro, a busca do lucro por intermédio de virulentas controvérsias, alimentadas por “um fluxo vertiginoso de informação superabundante”, segundo a expressão de Zola. Entre muitas outras mudanças, o último século foi marcado por dois conflitos mundiais, a segmentação do globo em campos ideológicos e reconfigurações identitárias, o recurso à propaganda e à desinformação em doses massivas, a transformação dos media (jornal, radio, cinema, televisão, internet) em indústrias culturais intrinsecamente vinculadas à cultura de massas ou ainda a afirmação de uma “mitologia da felicidade individual” (Morin, 1962), num mundo cada vez mais desinstitucionalizado e dessocializado (Dubet & Martuccelli, 1998). Desde então, a produção académica tem vindo a debruçar-se – a partir de abordagens concetuais diferenciadas – sobre a influência dos discursos mediáticos na “construção social da realidade” (Berger & Luckmann, 1966) ou na consolidação dos “imaginários” (Castoriadis, 1975), no âmbito das esferas pública e privada, mas também sobre os contextos socioculturais em que esses mesmos discursos emergem (Hall, 1973; Goffman, 1974) e os eventuais efeitos suscitados junto de audiências e/ou públicos mais ou menos (in)conscientes e (in)ativos (Lazarsfeld & Katz, 1955; Klapper, 1960; Adorno, 1963; Morley, 1980). Como aconteceu com os seus predecessores, o recurso cada vez mais generalizado a um novo media – a partir da última década do século XX – deu origem a um conjunto de profecias apocalíticas e outras tantas utopias comunicacionais. Destarte, coloca-se a seguinte questão: “de que modo a Internet afeta o jeito de nos relacionarmos uns com os outros, de debatermos, trabalharmos, nos movermos, nos cultivarmos, sermos militantes, consumirmos, cuidarmos de nós, nos divertirmos, etc.?” (Beuscart et al, 2019: 8). As mudanças experienciadas nos derradeiros vinte anos replicam alguns dos desafios que, invariavelmente, caraterizaram os tempos áureos da imprensa, do cinema, da rádio e da televisão – embora hoje com uma intensidade inédita –, não deixando ainda de suscitar novos questionamentos. Em virtude da eclosão de um singular ecossistema mediático, o modelo tradicional de produção, difusão e receção do jornalismo impresso tem vindo a experimentar um complexo processo de reconfiguração de contornos ainda imprecisos, do ponto de vista profissional, sociopolítico, cultural, económico, técnico, ético e jurídico. Da reflexão sobre estas temáticas, levada a cabo no Centro de Estudos Filosófico-Humanísticos (UCP) e junto dos estudantes de Licenciatura em Ciências da Comunicação e do Mestrado em Comunicação Digital, nasceu o congresso internacional Repensar a imprensa no ecossistema digital, que teve lugar na Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Sociais (UCP), em Braga, de 3 a 5 de Julho de 2019, com a participação de meia centena de académicos oriundos da Europa, América e Ásia. O título inspira-se do relatório Presse et numérique. L’invention d’un nouvel ecosystème, encomendado pelo Ministério francês da Cultura e da Comunicação ao investigador Jean-Marie Charon. A noção de ecossistema aponta para uma configuração de cariz horizontal, para um sistema de atores – plurais na sua história e organização, nos conteúdos das suas atividades e da sua produção – e a sua relação (in)direta com o(s) público(s). Alude ainda à complexidade das interações em jogo, num contexto tantas vezes de competição, outras de solidariedade, e de tempos e espaços colaborativos. Há muito que um tal ecossistema deixou de ser de âmbito meramente nacional, fomentando desafios de natureza transnacional, transdisciplinar e transmediática (Charon, 2015).