Relevant bibliographies by topics / Earch convection

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Earch convection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Earch convection"

1

Liu, Zijing, Min Min, Jun Li, et al. "Local Severe Storm Tracking and Warning in Pre-Convection Stage from the New Generation Geostationary Weather Satellite Measurements." Remote Sensing 11, no. 4 (2019): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11040383.

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Accurate and prior identification of local severe storm systems in pre-convection environments using geostationary satellite imagery measurements is a challenging task. Methodologies for “convective initiation” identification have already been developed and explored for operational nowcasting applications; however, warning of such convective systems using the new generation of geostationary satellite imagery measurements in pre-convection environments is still not well studied. In this investigation, the Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm is used to develop a predictive statistical
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Zheng, Zhang, Liu, Liu, and Che. "A Study of Vertical Structures and Microphysical Characteristics of Different Convective Cloud–Precipitation Types Using Ka-Band Millimeter Wave Radar Measurements." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15 (2019): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151810.

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Millimeter wave cloud radar (MMCR) is one of the primary instruments employed to observe cloud–precipitation. With appropriate data processing, measurements of the Doppler spectra, spectral moments, and retrievals can be used to study the physical processes of cloud–precipitation. This study mainly analyzed the vertical structures and microphysical characteristics of different kinds of convective cloud–precipitation in South China during the pre-flood season using a vertical pointing Ka-band MMCR. Four kinds of convection, namely, multi-cell, isolated-cell, convective–stratiform mixed, and war
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Huang, Yipeng, Murong Zhang, Yuchun Zhao, et al. "Inter-Zone Differences of Convective Development in a Convection Outbreak Event over Southeastern Coast of China: An Observational Analysis." Remote Sensing 14, no. 1 (2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010131.

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Among the densely-populated coastal areas of China, the southeastern coast has received less attention in convective development despite having been suffering from significantly increasing thunderstorm activities. The convective complexity under such a region with extremely complex underlying and convective conditions deserves in-depth observational surveys. This present study examined a high-impact convection outbreak event with over 40 hail reports in the southeastern coast of China on 6 May 2020 by focusing on contrasting the convective development (from convective initiation to supercell o
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Lai, Anwei, Jinzhong Min, Jidong Gao, et al. "Assimilation of Radar Data, Pseudo Water Vapor, and Potential Temperature in a 3DVAR Framework for Improving Precipitation Forecast of Severe Weather Events." Atmosphere 11, no. 2 (2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020182.

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An improved approach to derive pseudo water vapor mass mixing ratio and in- cloud potential temperature was developed in this paper to better initialize numerical weather prediction (NWP) and build convective-scale predictions of severe weather events. The process included several steps. The first was to identify areas of deep moist convection, utilizing Vertically Integrated Liquid water (VIL) derived from a mosaicked 3D radar reflectivity field. Then, pseudo- water vapor and pseudo- in- cloud potential temperature observations were derived based on the VIL. For potential temperature, the lat
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Nakagawa, Takashi, and Shun-ichiro Karato. "Influence of realistic rheological properties on the style of mantle convection: roles of dynamic friction and depth-dependence of rheological properties." Geophysical Journal International 226, no. 3 (2021): 1986–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab197.

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SUMMARY In order to generate plate tectonics, the near surface layer should not be too strong, but the causes for not-so-strong near surface layer remains unclear. We conduct mantle convection modelling in the spherical geometry to investigate the influence of the strength of the near surface layer. We explore a range of friction coefficients including the static high friction coefficient (∼0.6) as well as the reduced friction coefficients by fast fault motion in earthquakes. When the friction coefficient is low enough (<0.03), the surface layer is yielded by the convective stress, and
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Palotai, Csaba, Shawn Brueshaber, Ramanakumar Sankar, and Kunio Sayanagi. "Moist Convection in the Giant Planet Atmospheres." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010219.

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The outer planets of our Solar System display a myriad of interesting cloud features, of different colors and sizes. The differences between the types of observed clouds suggest a complex interplay between the dynamics and chemistry at play in these atmospheres. Particularly, the stark difference between the banded structures of Jupiter and Saturn vs. the sporadic clouds on the ice giants highlights the varieties in dynamic, chemical and thermal processes that shape these atmospheres. Since the early explorations of these planets by spacecrafts, such as Voyager and Voyager 2, there are many ou
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Habib, Namrah, and Raymond T. Pierrehumbert. "Modeling Noncondensing Compositional Convection for Applications to Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Atmospheres." Astrophysical Journal 961, no. 1 (2024): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad04e2.

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Abstract Compositional convection is atmospheric mixing driven by density variations caused by compositional gradients. Previous studies have suggested that compositional gradients of atmospheric trace species within planetary atmospheres can impact convection and the final atmospheric temperature profile. In this work, we employ 3D convection-resolving simulations using Cloud Model 1 (CM1) to gain a fundamental understanding of how compositional variation influences convection and the final atmospheric state of exoplanet atmospheres. We perform 3D initial value problem simulations of nonconde
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Anders, Evan H., Adam S. Jermyn, Daniel Lecoanet, et al. "Convective Boundary Mixing Processes." Research Notes of the AAS 6, no. 2 (2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/ac5892.

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Abstract Convective motions extend beyond the nominal boundaries of a convection zone. These motions mix fluid through multiple mechanisms collectively called “convective boundary mixing.” In this note, we discuss three distinct fluid dynamical processes: convective overshoot, entrainment, and penetrative convection. We describe the structure of a convective boundary that these processes create. To resolve discrepancies between models and observations, the stellar astrophysics community should distinguish between these processes and parameterize each of them separately in 1D evolutionary model
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Arango-Reyes, Karen, Marco Barranco-Jiménez, Gonzalo Ares de Parga-Álvarez, and Fernando Angulo-Brown. "A Simple Thermodynamic Model of the Internal Convective Zone of the Earth." Entropy 20, no. 12 (2018): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120985.

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As it is well known both atmospheric and mantle convection are very complex phenomena. The dynamical description of these processes is a very difficult task involving complicated 2-D or 3-D mathematical models. However, a first approximation to these phenomena can be by means of simplified thermodynamic models where the restriction imposed by the laws of thermodynamics play an important role. An example of this approach is the model proposed by Gordon and Zarmi in 1989 to emulate the convective cells of the atmospheric air by using finite-time thermodynamics (FTT). In the present article we us
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Rybka, H., and H. Tost. "Uncertainties in future climate predictions due to convection parameterisations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 10 (2013): 26893–931. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-26893-2013.

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Abstract. In the last decades several convection parameterisations have been developed to consider the impact of small-scale unresolved processes in Earth System Models associated with convective clouds. Global model simulations, which have been performed under current climate conditions with different convection schemes, significantly differ among each other in the simulated transport of trace gases and precipitation patterns due to the parameterisation assumptions and formulations, e.g. the simplified treatment of the cloud microphysics. Here we address sensitivity studies comparing four dif
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earch convection"

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Hall, Paul S. "Free and forced convection in earth's upper mantle /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3115631.

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Rostami, Masoud. "Dynamical influence of diabatic processes upon developing instabilities of Earth and planetary jets and vortices." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066186.

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Le but de la thèse est de comprendre l'influence dynamique des effets diabatiques, comme la convection humide, sur les instabilités des vortex atmosphériques terrestres et planétaires. Un modèle verticalement intégré, avec les paramétrisations type relaxation des transitions de phase et de dégagement de la chaleur latente, le modèle de St-Venant avec la convection humide, a été utilisé. La version précédente du modèle a été améliorée pour inclure l'eau précipitable, sa vaporisation et son entrainement. L'approche consiste en 1) analyse détaillée de stabilité des profils idéalisés, ou extraits
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Park, Sewon. "Diurnal cycle of deep tropical convection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54985.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1992.<br>Title as it appears in the M.I.T. Graduate List, Feb. 1992: Diurnal cycle of deep cloud cover in tropics.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 53).<br>by Sewon Park.<br>M.S.
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Kocha, Cécile. "Interactions entre poussières désertiques et convection profonde en Afrique de l'Ouest : Observations et modélisation à échelle convective." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741943.

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Dans un contexte de réchauffement climatique, la région d'Afrique de l'Ouest, où les sécherresses sont dévastatrices pour les populations, montre les plus fortes incertitudes sur l'évolution des précipitations. C'est aussi la première source de poussières désertiques au monde dont la production est en augmentation par la sur-exploitation des sols. Or ces poussières désertiques, associées à des épidémies de méningite, absorbent et diffusent le flux solaire entraînant alors une modification du taux d'échauffement atmosphérique. En modifiant le bilan radiatif atmosphérique elles sont alors succep
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Alverson, Keith D. 1965. "Topographic preconditioning of open ocean deep convection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53023.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1995.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-146).<br>by Keith D. Alverson.<br>Ph.D.
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Amiri, Khanmakani Hosein. "The visible consequences of rising convective streams in the Earth." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336266.

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Rostami, Masoud. "Dynamical influence of diabatic processes upon developing instabilities of Earth and planetary jets and vortices." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066186.

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Le but de la thèse est de comprendre l'influence dynamique des effets diabatiques, comme la convection humide, sur les instabilités des vortex atmosphériques terrestres et planétaires. Un modèle verticalement intégré, avec les paramétrisations type relaxation des transitions de phase et de dégagement de la chaleur latente, le modèle de St-Venant avec la convection humide, a été utilisé. La version précédente du modèle a été améliorée pour inclure l'eau précipitable, sa vaporisation et son entrainement. L'approche consiste en 1) analyse détaillée de stabilité des profils idéalisés, ou extraits
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Boldi, Robert A. (Robert Arthur). "A model of ion chemistry of electrified convection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51502.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1992.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-182) and index.<br>by Robert A. Boldi.<br>Ph.D.
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Larson, Vincent Edwin 1970. "The effects of thermal radiation on dry convection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54433.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1999.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-99).<br>This work seeks to improve understanding of atmospheres in radiative-convective equilibrium. We use two types of idealized, dry radiative-convective models. The first type of model resembles Rayleigh-Benard convection, except that thermal radiative transfer is included. This type of system can be investigated in the laboratory. The second type of model is a more faithful representation of the earth's atmosphere. In this model, t
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Bell, Peter Ian. "The effect of bumps on convection in the earth's core." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335890.

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Books on the topic "Earch convection"

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Royal Society (Great Britain). Discussion Meeting. Chemical reservoirs and convection in the earth's mantle: Papers of a discussion meeting. The Royal Society, 2002.

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Erickson, Gary M. A mechanism for magnetospheric substorms. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Chassignet, Eric P. Buoyancy-driven flows. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences., eds. Lateral variation in upper mantle temperature and composition beneath mid-ocean ridges inferred from shear-wave propagation, geoid, and bathymetry. Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991.

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A, Gnoffo Peter, and Langley Research Center, eds. Convective and radiative heating for vehicle return from the Moon and Mars. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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Wilson, Gordon R. The high latitude ionosphere-magnetosphere transition region: Simulation and data comparison. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Gordon, Howard R. Ocean observations with EOS/MODIS: Algorithm development and post launch studies : semi-annual report (for July - December 1995). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Gordon, Howard R. Ocean observations with EOS/MODIS: Algorithm development and post launch studies. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Ocean observations with EOS/MODIS: Algorithm development and post launch studies : semi-annual report (for July - December 1994). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Gordon, Howard R. Ocean observations with EOS/MODIS: Algorithm development and post launch studies : semi-annual report (for January - June 1997), contract number NAS5-31363. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Earch convection"

1

Jamet, Quentin, Etienne Mémin, Franck Dumas, Long Li, and Pierre Garreau. "Toward a Stochastic Parameterization for Oceanic Deep Convection." In Mathematics of Planet Earth. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40094-0_6.

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AbstractCurrent climate models are known to systematically overestimate the rate of deep water formation at high latitudes in response to too deep and too frequent deep convection events. We propose in this study to investigate a misrepresentation of deep convection in Hydrostatic Primitive Equation (HPE) ocean and climate models due to the lack of constraints on vertical dynamics. We discuss the potential of the Location Uncertainty (LU) stochastic representation of geophysical flow dynamics to help in the process of re-introducing some degree of non-hydrostatic physics in HPE models through
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Bercovici, David, and Elvira Mulyukova. "Mantle Convection." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_130-1.

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Bercovici, David. "Mantle Convection." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_130.

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Bercovici, David, and Elvira Mulyukova. "Mantle Convection." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58631-7_130.

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Whitehead, John A. "Energetics of Mantle Convection." In Energy Flow and Earth. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62694-4_3.

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Kistovich, Anatoly. "Convective Motions in Water: Linear and Nonlinear Models, Criteria of Convection Onset." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11533-3_18.

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Huppert, H. E., B. A. Buffett, J. R. Lister, and A. W. Woods. "Solidification and Convection in the Core of the Earth." In Interactive Dynamics of Convection and Solidification. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2809-4_42.

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Davies, Geoffrey F. "Some Clarity: Two Convection Modes, Interacting." In Stories from the Deep Earth. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91359-5_12.

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Whitehead, John A. "Spontaneous Production of Flow Patterns—Cellular Convection." In Energy Flow and Earth. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62694-4_2.

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Fedyushkin, A. I. "Stratification and Segregation Under Laminar Convection." In Advanced Hydrodynamics Problems in Earth Sciences. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23050-9_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Earch convection"

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Haney, Conor O., David R. Doelling, Rajendra Bhatt, Prathana Khakurel, Benjamin R. Scarino, and Arun Gopalan. "Deep convective cloud calibration sensitivity studies in support of radiometrically scaling GEO imagers with VIIRS." In Earth Observing Systems XXIX, edited by Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, Xingfa Gu, and Jeffrey S. Czapla-Myers. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3028210.

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Khakurel, Prathana, David R. Doelling, Rajendra Bhatt, Conor O. Haney, Benjamin R. Scarino, and Arun Gopalan. "Seasonal, spectral, and regional characterization of deep convective clouds top-of-atmosphere bidirectional reflectance for improved satellite intercalibration." In Earth Observing Systems XXIX, edited by Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, Xingfa Gu, and Jeffrey S. Czapla-Myers. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3028129.

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Gray, Elizabeth L., and Arnon Chait. "Numerical Modeling of Transport Processes During Protein Crystallization." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1315.

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Abstract We present results from preliminary research on evaporation kinetics and transport during protein crystallization. Our focus has been on understanding and quantifying the dynamics of the vapor diffusion process, the technique by which the majority of both space-grown and earth-grown protein crystals are produced. In the vapor diffusion process, an aqueous solution containing protein is allowed to evaporate within a closed cell, thereby increasing the protein concentration and causing subsequent nucleation and growth. The rate of evaporation is a complex function of the pre-determined
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Timchenko, Victoria. "Eddie Leonardi Memorial Lecture: Natural Convection from Earth to Space." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23354.

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This lecture is dedicated to the memory of Professor Eddie Leonardi, formerly International Heat Transfer Conference (IHTC-13) Secretary, who tragically died at an early age on December 14, 2008. Eddie Leonardi had a large range of research interests: he worked in both computational fluid dynamics/heat transfer and refrigeration and air-conditioning for over 25 years. However starting from his PhD ‘A numerical Study of the effects of fluid properties on Natural Convection’ awarded in 1984, one of his main passions has been natural convection and therefore the focus of this lecture will be on w
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Broberg, Steven E., Hartmut Aumann, Evan Manning, and Thomas S. Pagano. "AIRS visible light channels: calibration using deep convective clouds." In Earth Observing Systems XXVIII, edited by Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, Xingfa Gu, and Jeffrey S. Czapla-Myers. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2677742.

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Jeong, Gi Ho, Soo In Jeong, Kui Soon Kim, and Man Young Ha. "Numerical Analysis of Natural Convection and Phase Change Problem With Finite Volume Method." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3108.

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A numerical analysis is performed in this study to observe the phase change and natural convection problem occurring in the confined geometry. The unsteady, incompressible 3-D Navier-Stokes equation and energy equation have been considered as governing equation in this study. In addition, numerical tools based on finite volume method were developed and those were found to be tools to analyze phase change and natural convection problem with qualitative accuracy. For verification, phase interfacial lines and flow patterns were compared to previous studies and showed good agreements for the case
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Chang, Tiejun, Xiaoxiong Xiong, and Ashish Shrestha. "Assessment of MODIS TEB calibration performance using deep convective clouds." In Earth Observing Systems XXIV, edited by James J. Butler, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, and Xingfa Gu. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2528043.

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Mu, Qiaozhen, Amit Angal, Aisheng Wu, and Xiaoxiong Xiong. "Performance assessment of the NOAA-20 VIIRS RSB using deep convective clouds." In Earth Observing Systems XXVI, edited by James J. Butler, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, and Xingfa Gu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2593514.

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Chang, Tiejun, Carlos Pérez Díaz, Ashish Shrestha, and Xiaoxiong Xiong. "Application of quasi-deep convective clouds method for MODIS and VIIRS TEB calibration assessments." In Earth Observing Systems XXV, edited by James J. Butler, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, and Xingfa Gu. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2567221.

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Haney, Conor O., David R. Doelling, Rajendra Bhatt, Prathana Khakurel, Benjamin Scarino, and Arun Gopalan. "The impact of pixel size on the characterization of deep convective clouds for calibration." In Earth Observing Systems XXVIII, edited by Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, Xingfa Gu, and Jeffrey S. Czapla-Myers. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2677709.

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Reports on the topic "Earch convection"

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Ullrich, P., W. Liu, and P. Caldwell. Final Report: Evaluation of Convection-Permitting Version of Energy Exascale Earth System Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2204115.

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Gallagher, Alex, Sandra LeGrand, Taylor Hodgdon, and Theodore Letcher. Simulating environmental conditions for Southwest United States convective dust storms using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model v4.1. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44963.

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Dust aerosols can pose a significant detriment to public health, transportation, and tactical operations through reductions in air quality and visibility. Thus, accurate model forecasts of dust emission and transport are essential to decision makers. While a large number of studies have advanced the understanding and predictability of dust storms, the majority of existing literature considers dust production and forcing conditions of the underlying meteorology independently of each other. Our study works to-wards filling this research gap by inventorying dust-event case studies forced by conve
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Kedzierski, Mark A., and Donggyu Kang. Horizontal convective boiling of R1234yf, R134a, and R450A within a micro-fin tube :. National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1966.

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This report presents local convective boiling heat transfer and Fanning friction factor measurements in a micro-fin tube for R134a and two possible low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant replacements for R134a: R1234yf and R450A. Test section heating was achieved with water in either counterflow or in parallel flow with the test refrigerant to provide for a range of heat fluxes for each thermodynamic quality. An existing correlation from the literature for single and multi-component mixtures was shown to not satisfactorily predict the convective boiling measurements for flow qualities
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Schofield, Ian S., Paul L. Brown, Mark J. Logsdon, and Matthew P. Wickham. Waste Rock Dump Characterization Studies at the Bingham Canyon Mine. Utah Geological Survey, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/mp-179.

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The Bingham Canyon Mine, located near Salt Lake City, Utah, is surrounded by more than 6 billion tons of waste rock developed over the open cut mining history from 1903 to present; the surface area of the waste rock is approximately 5000 acres. Waste rock dumps have a thickness of more than 1 200 feet from crest to toe. From 1930 to 2000, selected portions of the waste rock dumps were commercially leached using a ferric-sulfate-based lixiviant to extract copper, whereas other portions have only received meteoric leaching. From 2011 to present, Rio Tinto Kennecott has studied the evolution and
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5

Kooperman, Gabriel, Kevin Reed, Walter Hannah, and Angeline Pendergrass. Final Report: Simulating Extreme Precipitation in the United States in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model: Investigating the Importance of Representing Convective Intensity versus Dynamic Structure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1902854.

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6

DiDomizio, Matthew, and Jonathan Butta. Measurement of Heat Transfer and Fire Damage Patterns on Walls for Fire Model Validation. UL Research Institutes, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hnkr9109.

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Fire models are presently employed by fire investigators to make predictions of fire dynamics within structures. Predictions include the evolution of gas temperatures and velocities, smoke movement, fire growth and spread, and thermal exposures to surrounding objects, such as walls. Heat flux varies spatially over exposed walls based on the complex thermal interactions within the fire environment, and is the driving factor for thermally induced fire damage. A fire model predicts the temperature and heat transfer through walls based on field predictions, such as radiative and convective heat fl
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7

Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross, and D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.

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The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and vo
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