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Journal articles on the topic 'Earch convection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Liu, Zijing, Min Min, Jun Li, et al. "Local Severe Storm Tracking and Warning in Pre-Convection Stage from the New Generation Geostationary Weather Satellite Measurements." Remote Sensing 11, no. 4 (2019): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11040383.

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Accurate and prior identification of local severe storm systems in pre-convection environments using geostationary satellite imagery measurements is a challenging task. Methodologies for “convective initiation” identification have already been developed and explored for operational nowcasting applications; however, warning of such convective systems using the new generation of geostationary satellite imagery measurements in pre-convection environments is still not well studied. In this investigation, the Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm is used to develop a predictive statistical

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2

Zheng, Zhang, Liu, Liu, and Che. "A Study of Vertical Structures and Microphysical Characteristics of Different Convective Cloud–Precipitation Types Using Ka-Band Millimeter Wave Radar Measurements." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15 (2019): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151810.

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Millimeter wave cloud radar (MMCR) is one of the primary instruments employed to observe cloud–precipitation. With appropriate data processing, measurements of the Doppler spectra, spectral moments, and retrievals can be used to study the physical processes of cloud–precipitation. This study mainly analyzed the vertical structures and microphysical characteristics of different kinds of convective cloud–precipitation in South China during the pre-flood season using a vertical pointing Ka-band MMCR. Four kinds of convection, namely, multi-cell, isolated-cell, convective–stratiform mixed, and war

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Huang, Yipeng, Murong Zhang, Yuchun Zhao, et al. "Inter-Zone Differences of Convective Development in a Convection Outbreak Event over Southeastern Coast of China: An Observational Analysis." Remote Sensing 14, no. 1 (2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010131.

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Among the densely-populated coastal areas of China, the southeastern coast has received less attention in convective development despite having been suffering from significantly increasing thunderstorm activities. The convective complexity under such a region with extremely complex underlying and convective conditions deserves in-depth observational surveys. This present study examined a high-impact convection outbreak event with over 40 hail reports in the southeastern coast of China on 6 May 2020 by focusing on contrasting the convective development (from convective initiation to supercell o

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Lai, Anwei, Jinzhong Min, Jidong Gao, et al. "Assimilation of Radar Data, Pseudo Water Vapor, and Potential Temperature in a 3DVAR Framework for Improving Precipitation Forecast of Severe Weather Events." Atmosphere 11, no. 2 (2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020182.

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An improved approach to derive pseudo water vapor mass mixing ratio and in- cloud potential temperature was developed in this paper to better initialize numerical weather prediction (NWP) and build convective-scale predictions of severe weather events. The process included several steps. The first was to identify areas of deep moist convection, utilizing Vertically Integrated Liquid water (VIL) derived from a mosaicked 3D radar reflectivity field. Then, pseudo- water vapor and pseudo- in- cloud potential temperature observations were derived based on the VIL. For potential temperature, the lat

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Nakagawa, Takashi, and Shun-ichiro Karato. "Influence of realistic rheological properties on the style of mantle convection: roles of dynamic friction and depth-dependence of rheological properties." Geophysical Journal International 226, no. 3 (2021): 1986–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab197.

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SUMMARY In order to generate plate tectonics, the near surface layer should not be too strong, but the causes for not-so-strong near surface layer remains unclear. We conduct mantle convection modelling in the spherical geometry to investigate the influence of the strength of the near surface layer. We explore a range of friction coefficients including the static high friction coefficient (∼0.6) as well as the reduced friction coefficients by fast fault motion in earthquakes. When the friction coefficient is low enough (&lt;0.03), the surface layer is yielded by the convective stress, and

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Palotai, Csaba, Shawn Brueshaber, Ramanakumar Sankar, and Kunio Sayanagi. "Moist Convection in the Giant Planet Atmospheres." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010219.

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The outer planets of our Solar System display a myriad of interesting cloud features, of different colors and sizes. The differences between the types of observed clouds suggest a complex interplay between the dynamics and chemistry at play in these atmospheres. Particularly, the stark difference between the banded structures of Jupiter and Saturn vs. the sporadic clouds on the ice giants highlights the varieties in dynamic, chemical and thermal processes that shape these atmospheres. Since the early explorations of these planets by spacecrafts, such as Voyager and Voyager 2, there are many ou

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Habib, Namrah, and Raymond T. Pierrehumbert. "Modeling Noncondensing Compositional Convection for Applications to Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Atmospheres." Astrophysical Journal 961, no. 1 (2024): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad04e2.

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Abstract Compositional convection is atmospheric mixing driven by density variations caused by compositional gradients. Previous studies have suggested that compositional gradients of atmospheric trace species within planetary atmospheres can impact convection and the final atmospheric temperature profile. In this work, we employ 3D convection-resolving simulations using Cloud Model 1 (CM1) to gain a fundamental understanding of how compositional variation influences convection and the final atmospheric state of exoplanet atmospheres. We perform 3D initial value problem simulations of nonconde

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Anders, Evan H., Adam S. Jermyn, Daniel Lecoanet, et al. "Convective Boundary Mixing Processes." Research Notes of the AAS 6, no. 2 (2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/ac5892.

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Abstract Convective motions extend beyond the nominal boundaries of a convection zone. These motions mix fluid through multiple mechanisms collectively called “convective boundary mixing.” In this note, we discuss three distinct fluid dynamical processes: convective overshoot, entrainment, and penetrative convection. We describe the structure of a convective boundary that these processes create. To resolve discrepancies between models and observations, the stellar astrophysics community should distinguish between these processes and parameterize each of them separately in 1D evolutionary model

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9

Arango-Reyes, Karen, Marco Barranco-Jiménez, Gonzalo Ares de Parga-Álvarez, and Fernando Angulo-Brown. "A Simple Thermodynamic Model of the Internal Convective Zone of the Earth." Entropy 20, no. 12 (2018): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120985.

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As it is well known both atmospheric and mantle convection are very complex phenomena. The dynamical description of these processes is a very difficult task involving complicated 2-D or 3-D mathematical models. However, a first approximation to these phenomena can be by means of simplified thermodynamic models where the restriction imposed by the laws of thermodynamics play an important role. An example of this approach is the model proposed by Gordon and Zarmi in 1989 to emulate the convective cells of the atmospheric air by using finite-time thermodynamics (FTT). In the present article we us

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Rybka, H., and H. Tost. "Uncertainties in future climate predictions due to convection parameterisations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 10 (2013): 26893–931. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-26893-2013.

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Abstract. In the last decades several convection parameterisations have been developed to consider the impact of small-scale unresolved processes in Earth System Models associated with convective clouds. Global model simulations, which have been performed under current climate conditions with different convection schemes, significantly differ among each other in the simulated transport of trace gases and precipitation patterns due to the parameterisation assumptions and formulations, e.g. the simplified treatment of the cloud microphysics. Here we address sensitivity studies comparing four dif

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Richardson, Mark T., Brian H. Kahn, and Peter Kalmus. "Trajectory enhancement of low-earth orbiter thermodynamic retrievals to predict convection: a simulation experiment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 13 (2023): 7699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7699-2023.

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Abstract. The 3-D fields of temperature (T) and specific humidity (q) retrieved by instruments such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) are predictive of convection, but convection often triggers during the multi-hour gaps between satellite overpasses. Here we fill the hours after AIRS overpasses by treating AIRS retrievals as air parcels which are moved adiabatically along numerical weather prediction (NWP) wind trajectories. The approach is tested in a simulation experiment that samples 3-D European Reanalysis-5 (ERA5) T and q following the real-world AIRS time–space sampling from Mar

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McTaggart-Cowan, Ron, Paul A. Vaillancourt, Ayrton Zadra, Leo Separovic, Shawn Corvec, and Daniel Kirshbaum. "A Lagrangian Perspective on Parameterizing Deep Convection." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 11 (2019): 4127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-19-0164.1.

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Abstract The parameterization of deep moist convection as a subgrid-scale process in numerical models of the atmosphere is required at resolutions that extend well into the convective “gray zone,” the range of grid spacings over which such convection is partially resolved. However, as model resolution approaches the gray zone, the assumptions upon which most existing convective parameterizations are based begin to break down. We focus here on one aspect of this problem that emerges as the temporal and spatial scales of the model become similar to those of deep convection itself. The common pra

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White, B. A., A. M. Buchanan, C. E. Birch, P. Stier, and K. J. Pearson. "Quantifying the Effects of Horizontal Grid Length and Parameterized Convection on the Degree of Convective Organization Using a Metric of the Potential for Convective Interaction." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 2 (2018): 425–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0307.1.

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Abstract The organization of deep convection and its misrepresentation in many global models is the focus of much current interest. A new method is presented for quantifying convective organization based on the identification of convective objects and subsequent derivation of object numbers, areas, and separation distances to describe the degree of convective organization. These parameters are combined into a “convection organization potential” based on the physical principle of an interaction potential between pairs of convective objects. This technique is applied to simulated and observed fi

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14

Cancelada, Maite, Paola Salio, Daniel Vila, Stephen W. Nesbitt, and Luciano Vidal. "Backward Adaptive Brightness Temperature Threshold Technique (BAB3T): A Methodology to Determine Extreme Convective Initiation Regions Using Satellite Infrared Imagery." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020337.

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Thunderstorms in southeastern South America (SESA) stand out in satellite observations as being among the strongest on Earth in terms of satellite-based convective proxies, such as lightning flash rate per storm, the prevalence for extremely tall, wide convective cores and broad stratiform regions. Accurately quantifying when and where strong convection is initiated presents great interest in operational forecasting and convective system process studies due to the relationship between convective storms and severe weather phenomena. This paper generates a novel methodology to determine convecti

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15

Seeley, Jacob T., and Robin D. Wordsworth. "Moist Convection Is Most Vigorous at Intermediate Atmospheric Humidity." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 2 (2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acb0cb.

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Abstract In Earth’s current climate, moist convective updraft speeds increase with surface warming. This trend suggests that very vigorous convection might be the norm in extremely hot and humid atmospheres, such as those undergoing a runaway greenhouse transition. However, theoretical and numerical evidence suggests that convection is actually gentle in water-vapor-dominated atmospheres, implying that convective vigor may peak at some intermediate humidity level. Here, we perform small-domain convection-resolving simulations of an Earth-like atmosphere over a wide range of surface temperature

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16

Rivas Soriano, L., JM Sánchez Llorente, A. González Zamora, and F. de Pablo Dávila. "Influence of land cover on lightning and convective precipitation over the European continent." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 43, no. 3 (2019): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318825285.

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The impact of land cover on lightning and convective precipitation in the summertime over Europe was analysed using five-year data. Lightning data were obtained with the Optical Transient Detector (OTD) at a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution and the convective precipitation data were calculated by the NCEP/DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis at a ∼1.9° × 1.9° spatial resolution. Data concerning land cover were obtained from the Global Land Cover Facility, although the original 14 categories were grouped into seven categories (water, forest, shrubland, grassland, cropland, bare ground and urban). For all latit

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17

Homeyer, Cameron R., and Matthew R. Kumjian. "Microphysical Characteristics of Overshooting Convection from Polarimetric Radar Observations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 2 (2015): 870–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0388.1.

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Abstract The authors present observations of the microphysical characteristics of deep convection that overshoots the altitude of the extratropical tropopause from analysis of the polarimetric radar variables of radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization ZH, differential reflectivity ZDR, and specific differential phase KDP. Identified overshooting convective storms are separated by their organization and intensity into three classifications: organized convection, discrete ordinary convection, and discrete supercell convection. Composite analysis of identified storms for each classif

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18

Howle, L. E., R. P. Behringer, and J. G. Georgiadis. "Convection and flow in porous media. Part 2. Visualization by shadowgraph." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 332 (February 1997): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096004004.

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We present results for pattern formation at the onset of convection in fluid-saturated porous media obtained by a novel variation on the shadowgraphic technique (modified shadowgraphic technique). Both ordered and disordered media are used, each exhibiting distinct behaviour. Ordered porous media are constructed from grids of overlapping bars. Convective onset in this type of medium is characterized by a sharp, well-defined bifurcation to straight parallel rolls. The orientation of the convection rolls is determined by the number of bar layers, Nb; odd Nb leads to rolls with axes perpendicular

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19

Rybka, H., and H. Tost. "Uncertainties in future climate predictions due to convection parameterisations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 11 (2014): 5561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5561-2014.

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Abstract. In the last decades several convection parameterisations have been developed to consider the impact of small-scale unresolved processes in Earth System Models associated with convective clouds. Global model simulations, which have been performed under current climate conditions with different convection schemes, significantly differ among each other in the simulated transport of trace gases and precipitation patterns due to the parameterisation assumptions and formulations, e.g. the computation of convective rainfall rates, calculation of entrainment and detrainment rates etc. Here w

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20

Pasquero, Claudia, and Eli Tziperman. "Statistical Parameterization of Heterogeneous Oceanic Convection." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 2 (2007): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3008.1.

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Abstract A statistical convective adjustment scheme is proposed that attempts to account for the effects of mesoscale and submesoscale variability of temperature and salinity typically observed in the oceanic convective regions. Temperature and salinity in each model grid box are defined in terms of their mean, variance, and mutual correlations. Subgrid-scale instabilities lead to partial mixing between different layers in the water column. This allows for a smooth transition between the only two states (convection on and convection off) allowed in standard convective adjustment schemes. The a

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Martin, David W., Richard A. Kohrs, Frederick R. Mosher, Carlo Maria Medaglia, and Claudia Adamo. "Over-Ocean Validation of the Global Convective Diagnostic." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 2 (2008): 525–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1525.1.

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Abstract The global convective diagnostic (GCD) is a bispectral (infrared and water vapor), day–night scheme for operationally mapping deep convection by means of geostationary satellite images. This article describes a test of GCD performance over tropical and subtropical waters near North America. The test consists of six cases, each involving a convective cloud complex. A seventh case treats convection over land. For each case, a map of deep convection was constructed from image pairs from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-12 (GOES-12). Case by case and for all maritime case

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Huang, Ying, Ping Long, Guanshi Wang, and Sihai Luo. "Decoupling Method for the Convective-Dominated Leaching Process of Ion-Adsorption-Type Rare-Earth Ores." Minerals 13, no. 1 (2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13010089.

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Ion-adsorption-type rare-earth ores (IATREOs) that have experienced granite weathering have good permeability, and their leaching process involves the solute transport problem, which is dominated by convection. Because of the oscillation and dispersion errors of existing numerical methods for solving the convective-dominated solute transport equation, the results have low precision in the twin leaching process. In this paper, the convection–dispersion equation is decoupled into the dispersion equation, the convection equation, and the source-sink equation; the Crank–Nicolson and implicit diffe

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Lu, Yi, Hengchi Lei, Kuo Zhou, and Lingkun Ran. "Gravity Wave Characterization of Multiple Convections in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region." Remote Sensing 15, no. 20 (2023): 5024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15205024.

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Using high-precision microbarograph data and radar data to analyze the gravity fluctuation characteristics of four convective processes of different intensities that occurred in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in June 2018, the results show that convective cases are accompanied by gravity fluctuations of different time scales and can be separated from the background field through the wavelet transform. The stronger the convective process, the larger the fluctuation amplitude. As the convection gradually approaches the station, the fluctuation frequency broadens, and smaller period fluctuation

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Keene, Kelly M., and Russ S. Schumacher. "The Bow and Arrow Mesoscale Convective Structure." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 5 (2013): 1648–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00172.1.

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Abstract The accurate prediction of warm-season convective systems and the heavy rainfall and severe weather associated with them remains a challenge for numerical weather prediction models. This study looks at a circumstance in which quasi-stationary convection forms perpendicular to, and above the cold-pool behind strong bow echoes. The authors refer to this phenomenon as a “bow and arrow” because on radar imagery the two convective lines resemble an archer’s bow and arrow. The “arrow” can produce heavy rainfall and severe weather, extending over hundreds of kilometers. These events are chal

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Janiga, Matthew A., and Chris D. Thorncroft. "The Influence of African Easterly Waves on Convection over Tropical Africa and the East Atlantic." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 1 (2015): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00419.1.

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Abstract Using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the modulation of convection by African easterly waves (AEWs) is investigated over regions of the east Atlantic and tropical Africa. To explain the modulation of convection, the large-scale environment (lift, moisture, conditional instability, and shear) is also examined as a function of AEW phase in each region. Over semiarid portions of tropical Africa, unconditional rain rates are greatest in the northerly phase of AEWs due to the strong adiabatic forcing for ascent. Along the Guinea Coast, the western coast of Africa,

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Bruick, Zachary S., Kristen L. Rasmussen, Angela K. Rowe, and Lynn A. McMurdie. "Characteristics of Intense Convection in Subtropical South America as Influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 6 (2019): 1947–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0342.1.

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Abstract El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to have teleconnections to atmospheric circulations and weather patterns around the world. Previous studies have examined connections between ENSO and rainfall in tropical South America, but little work has been done connecting ENSO phases with convection in subtropical South America. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) has provided novel observations of convection in this region, including that convection in the lee of the Andes Mountains is among the deepest and most intense in the world with frequent u

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Cachay Torres, Roberth, and José Roldan López. "Influence of the diffusive term on the modeling of two-dimensional (2D) wave propagation of the law of conservation of mass with constant convective flow velocity." Revista Ciencia y Tecnología 19, no. 1 (2023): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rev.cyt.2023.01.01.

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In this work, the 2D Convection - Diffusion equation was used to model the process of contaminant transport by convection and diffusion. In particular, we assume that we are modeling this pollutant transport process in shallow water and with a unidirectional flow movement in the convective part. The diffusion coefficient is considered constant and depends only on the nature of the substance, a value of 0.004 has been considered. Finite difference numerical schemes are applied to a domain in the XY plane, with side 1. The developed numerical model could be used to predict the distribution of po

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Pereira, L. Gustavo, and Steven A. Rutledge. "Diurnal Cycle of Shallow and Deep Convection for a Tropical Land and an Ocean Environment and Its Relationship to Synoptic Wind Regimes." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 10 (2006): 2688–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3181.1.

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Abstract The characteristics of shallow and deep convection during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (TRMM/LBA) and the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate Processes in the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere System (EPIC) are evaluated in this study. Using high-quality radar data collected during these two tropical field experiments, the reflectivity profiles, rain rates, fraction of convective area, and fraction of rainfall volume in each region are examined. This study focuses on the diurnal cycle of shallow and deep convection for the

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Lin, Jia-Lin, Myong-In Lee, Daehyun Kim, In-Sik Kang, and Dargan M. W. Frierson. "The Impacts of Convective Parameterization and Moisture Triggering on AGCM-Simulated Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves." Journal of Climate 21, no. 5 (2008): 883–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1790.1.

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Abstract This study examines the impacts of convective parameterization and moisture convective trigger on convectively coupled equatorial waves simulated by the Seoul National University (SNU) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). Three different convection schemes are used, including the simplified Arakawa–Schubert (SAS) scheme, the Kuo (1974) scheme, and the moist convective adjustment (MCA) scheme, and a moisture convective trigger with variable strength is added to each scheme. The authors also conduct a “no convection” experiment with deep convection schemes turned off. Space–tim

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La, Tran Vu, and Christophe Messager. "Advancement of Sea Surface Convective Wind Gust Observation by Different Satellite Sensors and Assessment with In Situ Measurements." Remote Sensing 16, no. 8 (2024): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16081400.

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This paper shows the observation and estimation of convective wind gusts by different satellite sensors at the C-band (Sentinel-1 SAR) and L-band (ALOS-1 SAR and SMAP radiometer) over Lake Victoria, the Gulf of Guinea, and the Gulf of Mexico. These areas are significantly impacted by deep convection associated with strong surface winds and heavy rainfall. In particular, the collocation of Sentinel-1 and SMAP images enables the observation of the movement of surface wind gusts corresponding to that of deep convective clouds. The convective wind intensity estimated from Sentinel-1 and SMAP data

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Grandpeix, Jean-Yves, Jean-Philippe Lafore, and Frédérique Cheruy. "A Density Current Parameterization Coupled with Emanuel’s Convection Scheme. Part II: 1D Simulations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 4 (2010): 898–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3045.1.

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Abstract The density current parameterization coupled with Emanuel’s convection scheme, described in Part I of this series of papers, is tested in a single-column framework for continental and maritime convective systems. The case definitions and reference simulations are provided by cloud-resolving models (CRMs). For both cases, the wake scheme yields cold pools with temperature and humidity differences relative to the environment in reasonable agreement with observations (with wake depth on the order of 2 km over land and 1 km over ocean). The coupling with the convection scheme yields conve

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Wagner, Till M., and Hans-F. Graf. "An Ensemble Cumulus Convection Parameterization with Explicit Cloud Treatment." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 12 (2010): 3854–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3485.1.

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Abstract The paper describes a convection parameterization employing a new formulation of the quasi-equilibrium closure hypothesis of Arakawa and Schubert. The scheme models a full spectrum of different cumulus clouds and its evolution within one time step of the host global climate model. Each cloud is simulated using a one-dimensional Lagrangian entraining parcel model, which includes mixed phase microphysics and vertical velocity. Hence, the model delivers explicit information on distribution of vertical velocities, precipitation intensities, cloud heights, and cloud coverage. The parameter

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Dhaka, S. K., R. Bhatnagar, Y. Shibagaki, et al. "Characteristics of gravity waves generated in a convective and a non-convective environment revealed from hourly radiosonde observation under CPEA-II campaign." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 12 (2011): 2259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-2259-2011.

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Abstract. Analyses of hourly radiosonde data of temperature, wind, and relative humidity during four days (two with convection and two with no convection) as a part of an intensive observation period in CPEA-2 campaign over Koto Tabang (100.32° E, 0.20° S), Indonesia, are presented. Characteristics of gravity waves in terms of dominant wave frequencies at different heights and their vertical wavelengths are shown in the lower stratosphere during a convective and non-convective period. Gravity waves with periods ~10 h and ~4–5 h were found dominant near tropopause (a region of high stability) o

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Manea, Vlad Constantin, Marina Manea, Mihai Pomeran, Lucian Besutiu, and Luminita Zlagnean. "A parallelized particle tracing code for CFD simulations in Earth sciences." Acta Universitaria 22, no. 5 (2012): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2012.358.

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The problem of convective flows in a highly viscous fluid represents a common research direction in Earth sciences. For tracing the convective motion of the fluid material, a source passive particles (or tracers) that flow at a local convection velocity and do not affect the pattern of flow it is commonly used. Here we present a parallelized tracer code that uses passive and weightless particles with their position computed from their displacement during a small time interval at the velocity of flow previously calculated for a given point in space and time. The tracer code is integrated in the

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Pu, Jingchen, and Xiaolei Zou. "Characteristic Scales of Tropical Convection Based on the Japanese Advanced Himawari-8 Imager Observations." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (2022): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071553.

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Convective activities play an important role in tropical weather systems. To investigate the characteristic scales of convection, a method combining a principal component (PC) analysis with Fourier decomposition is applied to brightness temperature observations from Advanced Himawari-8 Imager (AHI). Characteristic scales of different modes in tropical convective systems are obtained. The explained variance reduces rapidly from the first to the 60th PC mode by two magnitudes; the horizontal scale decreases from over 2000 km to about 100 km, and the timescale changes from more than 4 days to aro

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Hopper, Larry J., and Courtney Schumacher. "Modeled and Observed Variations in Storm Divergence and Stratiform Rain Production in Southeastern Texas." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 4 (2012): 1159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-092.1.

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Abstract Storm divergence profiles observed by an S-band Doppler radar are compared to ensemble simulations of 10 disparate precipitating systems occurring in warm-season, weakly baroclinic, and strongly baroclinic environments in southeastern Texas. Eight triply nested mesoscale model simulations are conducted for each case using single- and double-moment microphysics with four convective treatments (i.e., two convective parameterizations and explicit versus parameterized convection at 9 km). Observed and simulated radar reflectivities are objectively separated into convective, stratiform, an

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Hughes, T. "Thermal Convection in Ice Sheets: We look but do not see." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 107 (1985): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000004974.

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AbstractThermal convection in the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets has been dismissed on the grounds that radio-echo stratigraphy is undisturbed for long distances. However, the undisturbed stratigraphy lies, for the most part, above the density inversion in polar ice sheets and therefore does not disprove convection. An echo-free zone is widespread below the density inversion, yet nobody has cited this as a strong indication that convection is indeed present at depth. A generalized Rayleigh criterion for thermal convection in elastic-viscoplastic polycrystalline solids heated from below is

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Stelten, Sean, and William A. Gallus. "Pristine Nocturnal Convective Initiation: A Climatology and Preliminary Examination of Predictability." Weather and Forecasting 32, no. 4 (2017): 1613–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-16-0222.1.

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Abstract The prediction of convective initiation remains a challenge to forecasters in the Great Plains, especially for elevated events at night. This study examines a subset of 287 likely elevated nocturnal convective initiation events that occurred with little or no direct influence from surface boundaries or preexisting convection over a 4-month period of May–August during the summer of 2015. Events were first classified into one of four types based on apparent formation mechanisms and location relative to any low-level jet. A climatology of each of the four types was performed focusing on

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Stechmann, Samuel N., and Andrew J. Majda. "Gravity Waves in Shear and Implications for Organized Convection." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 9 (2009): 2579–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas2976.1.

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Abstract It is known that gravity waves in the troposphere, which are often excited by preexisting convection, can favor or suppress the formation of new convection. Here it is shown that in the presence of wind shear or barotropic wind, the gravity waves can create a more favorable environment on one side of preexisting convection than the other side. Both the nonlinear and linear analytic models developed here show that the greatest difference in favorability between the two sides is created by jet shears, and little or no difference in favorability is created by wind profiles with shear at

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Santellanes, Sean R., George S. Young, David J. Stensrud, Matthew R. Kumjian, and Ying Pan. "Environmental Conditions Associated with Horizontal Convective Rolls, Cellular Convection, and No Organized Circulations." Monthly Weather Review 149, no. 5 (2021): 1305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-20-0207.1.

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AbstractTypical environmental conditions associated with horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) and cellular convection have been known for over 50 years. Yet our ability to predict whether HCRs, cellular convection, or no discernable organized (null) circulation will occur within a well-mixed convective boundary layer based upon easily observed environmental variables has been limited. Herein, a large database of 50 cases each of HCR, cellular convection, and null events is created that includes observations of mean boundary layer wind and wind shear, boundary layer depth; surface observations of

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Posselt, Derek J., Susan van den Heever, Graeme Stephens, and Matthew R. Igel. "Changes in the Interaction between Tropical Convection, Radiation, and the Large-Scale Circulation in a Warming Environment." Journal of Climate 25, no. 2 (2012): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4167.1.

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Abstract This paper explores the response of the tropical hydrologic cycle to surface warming through the lens of large-domain cloud-system-resolving model experiments run in a radiative–convective equilibrium framework. Simulations are run for 55 days and are driven with fixed insolation and constant sea surface temparatures (SSTs) of 298 K, 300 K, and 302 K. In each experiment, convection organizes into coherent regions of large-scale ascent separated by areas with relatively clear air and troposphere-deep descent. Aspects of the simulations correspond to observed features of the tropical cl

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Vadas, S. L., M. J. Taylor, P. D. Pautet, et al. "Convection: the likely source of the medium-scale gravity waves observed in the OH airglow layer near Brasilia, Brazil, during the SpreadFEx campaign." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 1 (2009): 231–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-231-2009.

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Abstract. Six medium-scale gravity waves (GWs) with horizontal wavelengths of λH=60–160 km were detected on four nights by Taylor et al. (2009) in the OH airglow layer near Brasilia, at 15° S, 47° W, during the Spread F Experiment (SpreadFEx) in Brazil in 2005. We reverse and forward ray trace these GWs to the tropopause and into the thermosphere using a ray trace model which includes thermospheric dissipation. We identify the convective plumes, convective clusters, and convective regions which may have generated these GWs. We find that deep convection is the highly likely source of four of th

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Li, Jianfeng, Zhe Feng, Yun Qian, and L. Ruby Leung. "A high-resolution unified observational data product of mesoscale convective systems and isolated deep convection in the United States for 2004–2017." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 2 (2021): 827–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-827-2021.

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Abstract. Deep convection possesses markedly distinct properties at different spatiotemporal scales. We present an original high-resolution (4 km, hourly) unified data product of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and isolated deep convection (IDC) in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains and examine their climatological characteristics from 2004 to 2017. The data product is produced by applying an updated Flexible Object Tracker algorithm to hourly satellite brightness temperature, radar reflectivity, and precipitation datasets. Analysis of the data product shows that MCSs are much l

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Suselj, Kay, Marcin J. Kurowski, and Joao Teixeira. "A Unified Eddy-Diffusivity/Mass-Flux Approach for Modeling Atmospheric Convection." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no. 8 (2019): 2505–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0239.1.

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Abstract A fully unified parameterization of boundary layer and moist convection (shallow and deep) is presented. The new parameterization is based on the stochastic multiplume eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux (EDMF) approach, which distinguishes between convective plumes and nonconvective mixing. The convective plumes represent both surface-forced updrafts and evaporatively driven downdrafts. The type of convection (i.e., dry, shallow, or deep) represented by the updrafts is not defined a priori, but rather depends on the near-surface updraft properties and the stochastic interactions between the p

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Thielen, J., and A. Gadian. "Influence of different wind directions in relation to topography on the outbreak of convection in Northern England." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 10 (1996): 1078–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-1078-3.

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Abstract. The influence of different wind directions on the outbreak of convection in Northern England, was investigated with a high-resolution numerical model. The Clark model, a 3D finite-difference, non-hydrostatic model was used in this study. It was initialised with the topography of Northern England, a representation of surface characteristics, and used a routinely available meteorological sounding, typical of the unstable conditions. Results showed that convective cells were initially triggered in the lee of the elevated terrain, and that only after the convection had developed, were ce

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Liu, Dongxia, Han Yu, Zhuling Sun, Hongbo Zhang, and Dongfang Wang. "Convective Properties and Lightning Activity in Different Categories of Thunderstorms over the Beijing Area during Five Warm Seasons." Remote Sensing 16, no. 3 (2024): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16030447.

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Based on comprehensive observations, including total lightning, Doppler radar, precipitation, and other meteorological data, the variations in thunderstorm properties and lightning activity of different categories for thunderstorms over the Beijing area during five warm seasons were investigated. According to the morphology of radar echo, thunderstorms were classified into five categories, including single convective cells, multi-cells, linear mesoscale convective system (MCS), nonlinear MCS, and weak convective precipitation system (WCPS). The diurnal variability of lightning, thunderstorm oc

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Ghernaout, Badia, Said Bouabdallah, Aissa Atia, and Müslüm Arıcı. "Heat and Fluid Flow in an Open Agricultural Greenhouse in Presence of Plants." Advances in Modelling and Analysis B 64, no. 1-4 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ama_b.641-401.

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Flow convection in agriculture greenhouse is one of the most important factors on the growth and fruiting of plants. The present work focused on natural convection in an open greenhouse heated by ridge tubes in presence of plants. Analyses are performed for different boundary conditions imposed at the roof such as constant temperature, convective heat flux, and convective and radiative heat flux. The governing equations comprising continuity, momentum and energy equations are solved by Ansys-Fluent software. In each case, the average velocity and temperature of the air are determined. The obta

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Wang, Xinyue, Hironobu Iwabuchi, and Jean-Baptiste Courbot. "Analysis of Diurnal Evolution of Cloud Properties and Convection Tracking over the South China Coastal Area." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (2022): 5039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14195039.

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Different diurnal rainfall cycles occur over the offshore and inland regions of the South China coastal area (SCCA). Inspired by these findings, in this study, we investigated the diurnal evolution features of cloud systems and cloud properties inside such systems for both the SCCA offshore and inland regions, using cloud data retrieved from a recently developed deep neural network model. Rainy day data for June 2017 revealed that the ice cloud optical thickness and top height reached their peak intensities at noon (~12 local standard time (LST)) over the offshore region, approximately 2 h lat

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Inoue, Kuniaki, and Larissa E. Back. "Gross Moist Stability Assessment during TOGA COARE: Various Interpretations of Gross Moist Stability." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 11 (2015): 4148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0092.1.

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Abstract Daily averaged TOGA COARE data are analyzed to investigate the convective amplification/decay mechanisms. The gross moist stability (GMS), which represents moist static energy (MSE) export efficiency by large-scale circulations associated with the convection, is studied together with two quantities, called the critical GMS (a ratio of diabatic forcing to the convective intensity) and the drying efficiency [a version of the effective GMS (GMS minus critical GMS)]. The analyses reveal that convection intensifies (decays) via negative (positive) drying efficiency. The authors illustrate

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Satake, Hidemoto, and Toshio Tagawa. "Influence of Centrifugal Buoyancy in Thermal Convection within a Rotating Spherical Shell." Symmetry 14, no. 10 (2022): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14102021.

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The dynamo action, which is of importance in the study of the geomagnetism mechanism, is considered to be caused by the convection structure formed inside a rotating spherical shell. This convection structure elongated in the rotation axis is generated by the action of both heat and rotation on the fluid inside a spherical shell. In this study, we analyzed thermal convection in such a rotating spherical shell and attempted to understand the phenomenon of this convective structure. It is known that each value of the Prandtl number, the Ekman number and the Rayleigh number and their balance are

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