Academic literature on the topic 'Early age at marriage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Early age at marriage"
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Zainal Asyiqin, Istianah, and M. Fabian Akbar. "Examining Marriage Age Restrictions: Mitigating Early Marriage in Indonesia." SHS Web of Conferences 204 (2024): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202420403009.
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This study explores early marriage, defined as unions occurring below the legally recognized age of majority, through the lens of Islamic law and positive law. It examines principles from the Qur’an, Hadith, and national legislation, emphasizing the significance of psychological and physical maturity for a harmonious, lasting marriage. While Islamic teachings do not explicitly set a minimum age, they stress the importance of maturity and consent. The study also considers the Indonesian Fatwa Commission’s stance on child marriage, addressing eligibility and maturity requirements. Using a normative qualitative analysis, the research investigates various scholarly interpretations of age limits in marriage. It evaluates the effectiveness of Indonesia’s marriage age restrictions and the persistence of early marriages despite legal frameworks. Findings indicate that laws regulating marriage age are ineffective due to loopholes in marriage dispensation applications, leading to a high prevalence of early marriages. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics surrounding marriage age restrictions in Indonesia and suggests measures to mitigate the incidence of early marriages.
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Əzim qızı Əzimova, Sabina. "Psychosocial consequences of early marriages." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 3 (2021): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/64/83-86.
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One of the most common forms of child exploitation in the world is early marriage. Although the number of underage marriages has declined to some extent, it continues to rise in a number of countries. Early marriage usually means the marriage of a child under the age of 18. Many of these marriages are also referred to as "child and forced marriages" because they are performed without conscious consent. Early marriage separates children from their families and peers, exposes them to domestic violence, and jeopardizes their development, educational, social and professional opportunities. Such marriages can also lead to psychological problems such as depression, adaptation disorders, post-traumatic stress, and suicide attempts. This review article aims to assess the causes and psychosocial consequences of early marriage. Key words: Family age, child exploitation, psychosocial aspects
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Mawardi, Marmiati. "Problems of Under Age Marriage." Analisa 19, no. 2 (2012): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v19i2.166.
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<p><em>Th</em><em>e industrial development in Wonoayu district contributes to economic growth in society. On the other hand, there is a shift of norms because of open information access that affects sexual intercourse among teenagers. This results in an early marriage because the girls have already been pregnant. This research uses a qualitative approach in order to investigate the influential factors, causes, motives and impact of the early marriage, and how society’s view on early marriage in Wonoayu district. The contributing factors of early marriages are sexual intercourse and pre-marital pregnancy. The motives of early marriage are; religiously legal marriage, reducing economic burden of parent, and preserving social reputation of their parents. Meanwhile the impact of legally formal marriage is to avoid sin and to protect the children’s status legally. Economically, the family in general is not ready to get married, and psychologically they are not mature yet, because they still have strong ego and are not independent.</em></p>
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Sah, RB, K. Gaurav, DD Baral, L. Subedi, N. Jha, and PK Pokharel. "Factors affecting Early Age Marriage in Dhankuta Municipality, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2014): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10354.
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Background: Child marriage is a substantial barrier to social and economic development in Nepal, and a primary concern for women’s health. Little evidence from Nepal is available regarding the ways in which early marriage may compromise young women’s lives and their reproductive health and choices. The objectives of this study was to find out the factors associated with early age marriages in Dhankuta Municipality. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of Dhankuta municipality, Nepal; where 246 households were taken as subjects. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and face to face interview was conducted. Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between factors and age of marriages. Results: Almost 53.3% of women were married before age 18 years. Education of wife and husband, and economic status are found to be the important variables in explaining early age marriage. Prevalence of child marriage was higher in Hindu than in Buddhist and Christian women but the difference was not significant. Age of marriage was not significantly associated with contraceptive use. Unwanted pregnancies were higher in early age marriage. It was also seen that unwanted pregnancies was higher (59.3%) than wanted pregnancies (48.6%). Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that early age marriage was associated with low education and being poor. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 03 | Number 01 | January-June 2014 | Page 26-30 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10354
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Rusli, Nurfadillah, Nurwahida Nurwahidah, Eril Eril, Surianti Surianti, and Rahma Melati. "Sosialisasi Pencegahan Pernikahan Dini." INKAMKU : Journal of Community Service 3, no. 1 (2024): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47435/inkamku.v3i1.2716.
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The service program activities were carried out at UPTD SMPN 15 Sinjai, Sinjai Tengah sub-district, Samaenre sub-district by holding an early marriage seminar. Early marriage is a marriage carried out by children under 19 years of age for women and under 21 years of age for men. As is the case in Samaenre Village, Central Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency, early marriages always occur, resulting in the Village Government having to minimize the number of early marriages. Internal factors come from within, namely the wishes of the individual himself, while external factors are parents' economic factors, educational factors. , and parental factors or the wishes of the parents. Many teenagers are trapped in young marriages, especially those from underprivileged families, so they choose to marry at a young age to reduce the family's economic burden. There are many possible risks to early marriage, both physical and psychological risks. Therefore, to prevent early marriage, the author took the initiative to hold early marriage seminars.
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Karadeniz Yağmur, Sibel. "Early and Forced Marriages, Child Brides." International Journal of Arts, Humanities & Social Science 04, no. 07 (2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijahss.v4n7a4.
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Objective: Early and forced marriages continue to be a problem in the world and in Turkey. Factors leading to early and forced marriages and solutions will be evaluated. Method: International articles, conventions, and Turkish family data on early and forced marriages will be examined and this human rights issue, which is stillup to date, will be revealed. Results: Child marriages under the age of 18 are considered early marriages. The rate of early marriage remains a problem for girls. When girls get married before the age of 18, they are included in the names of early bride, married, and child bride. Early marriages are generally the scope of forced marriages. The countries with the highest early marriage in the world are Niger 75%, Chad 72%, and Mali 71%. According to the Turkish Statical Institute Family Survey 2021 report, women were married at an earlier age than men. While the rate of men who got married before the age of 18 was 4.4%, the rate of women was 24.2%. While the rate of men who made their first marriage between the ages of 18-19 was 8.9%, the rate of women was 23.0%. While the rate of men who made their first marriage between the ages of 20-24 was 39.6%, the rate of women was 34.6%. The reasons for forced marriage at an early age are gender inequality, poverty, traditional or religious practices, non-implementation of laws and regulations, and conflicts, disasters and emergencies. Conclusion: early and forced marriages are a continuing social problem as a human right. Even the words of child brides are disturbing humanity. Supporting the education of girls, eliminating poverty and eliminating gender inequality will contribute to the solution in preventing early and forced marriages.
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Baiq Dewi Kamariani and Asrifia Ridwan. "Edukasi Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan (PUP) bagi Siswa/Siswi Tingkat Menengah Atas." Karunia: Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2023): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.58192/karunia.v2i2.886.
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Early marriage is now a serious problem not only at the national level but at the regional/regency/city level. Early marriage is one of the strategic youth issues that must be resolved immediately. One of the government's strategies in reducing the number of early marriages is the Marriage Age Maturity Program (PUP). Through this program, every government, academician, community and early marriage eradication group collaborate in the success of the program. The educational activity on Marriage Age Maturity (PUP) which was carried out at MA NW Bagik Payung Selatan went smoothly, it's just that there were a number of problems, namely in terms of the characteristics and mindset of students who still underestimate the dangers of early marriage. In addition, the environment where they live is also supportive when they do underage marriages. This service uses an interactive approach with the FGD method. Efforts to reduce the number of early marriages at MA NW Bagik Payung Selatan must be supported by the school and parents, not only the government's task so that the Marriage Age Maturity Program (PUP) can produce optimal results
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Tahir, Muhammad, Erni Djun’astuti, and Agus Agus. "Pencegahan Pernikahan Dini: Strategi Membangun Kesadaran Hukum untuk Mewujudkan Masa Depan Lebih Baik." PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 9, no. 9 (2024): 1733–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v9i9.7424.
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Marriage at an early age is a phenomenon that is still happening in the Long Sand Village, the Eastern Mempawah district, the district of Mempawha, and areas with low educational and economic levels. Early marriages have a wide range of negative effects, both in terms of health, psychology, and society. Lack of legal understanding of the age limit for marriage and its legal consequences are often the main cause. Therefore, increased legal awareness in society has become crucial to reducing the number of early marriages. This dedication is aimed at raising public awareness and understanding of the law relating to marriage at an early age, as well as providing education on the negative impact of early marriage and the importance of postponing marriage to a more mature age. The dedication takes place through several stages, namely an initial survey to measure the level of public understanding, socialization, and education through workshops, and targeted group discussions. In addition, legal support services and advice are provided for families vulnerable to early marriage. The activity has been successful in raising awareness and understanding of the law amongst the public, especially regarding the age limit for marriage and the negative impact of early marriage. The active participation of adolescents and parents in the discussion indicates a change in attitude and increased commitment to postponing early marriages. Evaluations through post-activity questionnaires show a significant improvement in legal understanding and awareness of the importance of education and self-development for adolescents.
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Nurafriani, Nurafriani, Virda Sintia Lao, Anggeraeni Anggeraeni, Nurasiah Nurasiah, Sapriana Sapriana, and Andi Fajriansi. "Gambaran Sosial Budaya Pernikahan Dini." Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) 5, no. 2 (2023): 3788–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/joting.v5i2.7480.
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This research aims to determine the socio-cultural picture of early marriage in the Selayar Islands district. This research method uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, namely collecting data by conducting in-depth interviews with 16 informants aged 15-18 years who have experienced early marriage. The results of the research show that there are several things that are the main causes of early marriage in the Selayar Islands district, precisely in Benteng sub-district, South Selawesi, namely; arranged marriages, social environment, economics and promiscuity. Perceptions about children marrying at an early age, some respondents said the reason for marrying at an early age was because of the arranged marriage element, the element of like-mindedness and the element of necessity due to promiscuity. Perceptions about children getting married at an early age, some respondents said that their parents did not agree with their marriage. In conclusion, there are several things that are the main causes of early marriage in the Selayar Islands Regency, namely: arranged marriages, social environment and promiscuity.
 
 Keywords: Early Marriage, Image, Socio-Cultural.
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Dariyo, Agoes, Mia Hadiati, and R. Rahaditya. "Pemahaman Undang-Undang Perkawinan terhadap Penundaan Perkawinan Usia Dini di Indonesia." Journal An-Nafs: Kajian Penelitian Psikologi 5, no. 1 (2020): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33367/psi.v5i1.928.
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Early age marriages have become widely reported through various media both print and electronic media, because early marriage is one of the causes of divorce in Indonesia. Divorce due to early marriage raises social problems in the community, such as high dropout rates for students, poverty, crime. The emergence of early marriage is caused by the low awareness of adolescents to understand Law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage. This study discusses the understanding of law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriages which plays a role for adolescents to postpone early marriage in Indonesia. This research method uses a quantitative approach, involving 213 adolescent subjects with an age range of 17-22 years. Retrieval of data using a questionnaire that is the attitude of understanding marriage law, life satisfaction, resilience, and delaying early marriage. Analysis of research data using Spearman RHO correlation and non-linear regression. The results showed that the attitude of understanding marital law plays a role in delaying early marriage in adolescents in Indonesia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Early age at marriage"
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Gul, Tayyaba Naheed Sirinan Kittisuksathit. "Early marriage among women in Pakistan /." Abstract, 2004. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2547/cd368/4638502.pdf.
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Uluduz, Ozlem. "Changing Patterns Of Marriage And Family In England From The Late Medieval To The Early Modern Ages." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/761387/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
CHANGING PATTERNS OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY IN ENGLAND FROM THE LATE MEDIEVAL TO THE EARLY MODERN AGES
ULUDÜ<br>Z, Ö<br>ZLEM
M.S. Department of History
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Recep Boztemur
August 2003, 132 pages
This thesis analyzes the changing patterns of the institutions of family and marriage in England. The period covers the late medieval ages to the early modern ages until the middle of the eighteenth century, 1753, which represents the acceptance of an important Act on marriage by the English Parliament that ended ambiguities on the law of marriage. This study attempts to investigate the family institution and marriage practices of England, which represented a different character from other European countries throughout the period. Many important historical factors occurred throughout the period, which influenced the family structure and marriage practices such as the Reformation. Within this framework, throughout this thesis, the religious, political, economic and social factors that paved the way for transition in family and marriage will be analyzed.
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Duncan, Sarah. "The Sensory and Haptic Nature of Art Therapy Materials With Young Children Ages 0-5yrs Old of Complex Trauma." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2019. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/773.
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This survey study with an art response aims to further understand how the sensory and haptic nature of art therapy materials can aid in healing within the therapeutic process. Specifically, it will explore young children, ages 0-5yrs old, of complex trauma and how they respond to art materials within the therapeutic process. Surveys were distributed to mental health therapists working with the 0-5 year old population in order to gather baseline information about how young children who have experienced trauma, respond to methods of interventions, including art materials. Through analysis of the participants’ survey responses and artwork, emergent themes revealed insight for further research and reinforced the importance of a consistent, nurturing caregiving relationship. These findings and themes illuminated the importance of relationship and revealed inquiries about the sensory and haptic nature of art materials being utilized for assessment in dyadic therapy with children 0-5 years old.
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Vue, Chuesee. "Hmong youth attitude toward early marriage." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999vuec.pdf.
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Mutgan, Selcan. "Trends in Early Marriage in Shashemene, Ethiopia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104612.
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Despite the Family Code of 2000 that raised the legal age at marriage to 18 for both sexes; early family formation is still a common practice which affect many children in Ethiopia. Previous research has shown that girls in rural areas are more disadvantaged and suffer the consequences of early marriage the most. The purpose of this thesis is to study the risk factors for early marriage for both girls and boys in an urban area, Shashemene. Also, using longitudinal data, trends in early family formation between 1973 and 2008 have been analyzed with an event history approach. The data were collected as part of the project “Changing Ethiopia: Urban livelihood, gender, and ethnicity in Shashemene after 35 years: A case study”. The discrete-time complementary log-log regression estimates have provided evidence of gender inequality in early marriage formations, showing that girls are more prone to experience early marriage than boys. While area of birth (rural-urban) has no direct impact on the risk of early marriage, it is found that living in an urban area offsets the effect of area of birth, suggesting a selection process into migration. It is also found that school attendance decreases the likelihood of early marriage, while literacy has little effect. Moreover, among people living in Shashemene, religious affiliation has more impact on early marriage risks than ethnic identity and the first language. Finally, there was little evidence on period and cohort effects for early family formation.
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Nyi, Nyi Guest Philip. "The determinants of age at first marriage in Myanmar /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd380/4738657.pdf.
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Barnes, Kristi A. "Examining predictors of marital satisfaction among age similar and age discrepant older couples." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3297.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 116 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-94).
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Bakhtibekova, Zulfiya. "Early girls' marriage in Tajikistan : causes and continuity." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17438.
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Although there is little official data, early girls’ marriage before the age of 18 appears to have increased in Tajikistan over recent years, due to the limited socio-economic opportunities. This study aimed to explore the main causes behind the fall in the age of marriage for girls. As Tajikistan is based on patriarchal values, where family is the core of decision-making, the study looks into the family dynamics and interrelationships to analyse the driving forces behind the decision to arrange marriage for the girls at an earlier age. Using triangulated methods of qualitative data collection, such as interviews, focus group discussions and case studies, the study was conducted in urban, semi rural/semi urban and rural areas of Tajikistan. The findings confirm that early marriage exists in Tajikistan. Although marriage has always been important for Tajiks, recently early age of marriage has been more prioritized. The young girls today leave school when they reach puberty, limit their socialization with their friends outside of the house and rigorously learn skills that qualify them as a ‘desirable’ kelin [bride] to increase their chances of getting a marriage proposal within what is a short marriage window. At the same time, the study argues that the family decision to pursue an early age of marriage for daughters is not because of the low status of the women as it has been suggested in some earlier research. Instead, the study argues that marriage is a strategy to provide girls with what is often the only opportunity of an economically and socially secure future in the country under the current socio-economic and political context. Relations within the families are more complicated than dominant-subordinate as previously portrayed but are based on respect, love and responsibility towards each other. This ‘connectivity’ assists in shaping the girls as potent Tajik women ready for their future roles of mothers and wives. The young girls, as this study suggests, are usually not completely powerless either, as they exercise the limited agency provided by the patriarchal system and actively engage in negotiating their interests. Thus, the study aimed to (1) draw attention to the issue of early marriage among girls in Tajikistan and (2) to contribute to the scholarly discussion on early marriage and on gender and family dynamics in Tajikistan. Based on the findings, it is recommended that more research needs to be conducted to discuss the phenomenon of early girls’ marriage in Tajikistan. Further, legal, political and social changes are necessary to provide a safety net for women married at an early age but divorced or abandoned later. Although bringing changes to the marriage values might be a challenging task, it is hoped that this research and others similar to this one will demonstrate the importance of the issue and will result in appropriate attention and an effective policy response.
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Pettitt, Rhiannon Gwawr. "Materiality in Early Bronze Age Wales." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/materiality-in-early-bronze-age-wales(109f8a47-b259-4bba-8d41-11cdcb660a6a).html.
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This thesis contributes an original approach to the understanding of human-object relations at funerary and ceremonial sites during the period c.2200 BC - 1400 BC within Wales. A primary review of archaeological work within this region contextualises this thesis and challenges the notion that this area is materially-poor during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Drawing on existing excavation reports and archived material, a database of archaeological sites detailing context and material culture was created. Additionally a calibrated set of dates, was mapped against architectural, depositional and material practice. These data sets provided the opportunity to compare different Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age archaeological features in terms of the character and variety of associated objects and materials. Analysis of this data has illustrated key contrasts and similarities in the treatment of material culture across architecturally distinct ceremonial and funerary site types. This interpretation is framed by a discussion of materiality, arguing for a model which is located in past perspectives rather than a deconstruction of Western material values. Materiality is explored as a contextual, often learned understanding of the world, which is not restricted to the physical qualities of materials. Potential concepts of materiality were considered with particular attention given to the treatment of human remains in funerary and ceremonial contexts. The result of this thesis is an enhanced understanding of depositional practices and their role in the construction, use and perception of funerary and ceremonial sites within the Early Bronze Age of Wales.
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Mason, Philip. "The Early Iron Age of Slovenia /." Oxford : BAR : Tempus reparatum, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36693131c.
Full textBooks on the topic "Early age at marriage"
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Westoff, Charles F. Trends in marriage and early childbearing in developing countries. ORC Macro, MEASURE DHS+, 2003.
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Aḥmadī, Kāmīl. Ṭanīn-i sukūt: Pizhūhishī-i jāmiʻ dar bāb-i izdivāj-i zūdʹhangām-i kūdakān dar Īrān = An echo of silence : a comprehensive research study on early child marriage (ECM) in Iran. Nashr va Pizhūhish-i Shīrāzah, 2017.
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National Committee on Traditional Practices of Ethiopia., ed. Early marriage. NCTPE, 1999.
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UNICEF. International Child Development Centre. Early marriage: Child spouses. Unicef, Innocenti Research Centre, 2001.
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UNICEF. International Child Development Centre, ed. Early marriage: Child spouses. Unicef, Innocenti Research Centre, 2001.
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L, Verma S. Age at marriage, a select bibliography. Population Education Documentation & Information Centre, Dept. of Library, Documentation & Information, National Council of Educational Research & Training, 1991.
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Bloom, David E. Modeling American marriage patterns. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Early age at marriage"
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Polat, Mehmet Oguz, and Nursima Ortakci. "Child Marriages." In Child Maltreatment in Türkiye. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359265.7.
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According to Article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child put into effect by the United According to Article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child put into effect by the United Nations, every individual up to the age of 18 is considered a child. Child marriage refers to the type of forced marriage between a child, under the age of 18, to an adult or a child. It is possible to state the causes of child marriages as gender inequality, family honor, domestic pressure, traditions, misinterpretation of religious information, migration, and economic reasons. Contrary to general belief, child marriages happen in our country and many parts of the world, including developed countries. The probability of being married at an early age, especially for girls living under fragile conditions, is twice as high as the world average. Child marriage has short-term and long-term negative effects on girls who are forced to get married. Child marriage, which exposes children to sexual, physical, and psychological violence, also interrupts the education life of children and increases the risk of early pregnancy. This situation causes complications for child and maternal health and the risk of death. Within the scope of this study, first of all, a conceptual framework was drawn about child marriages. Then, the data in UNICEF’s 2023 child marriage report were discussed, national and international legal regulations were included. Finally, the situation in the world regarding the issue of child marriages was discussed and the study was completed with the conclusion and recommendations.
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McCarthy, Conor. "Early Medieval England." In Love, Sex & Marriage in the Middle Ages, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003147404-5.
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McCarthy, Conor. "Early Medieval English Law." In Love, Sex & Marriage in the Middle Ages, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003147404-11.
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McCarthy, Conor. "Early Medieval Germanic and Celtic Laws." In Love, Sex & Marriage in the Middle Ages, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003147404-12.
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Chambre, Dany, Bernard Jeune, and Michel Poulain. "Geert Adriaans Boomgaard, the First Supercentenarian in History?" In Demographic Research Monographs. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_15.
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AbstractThis contribution presents the validation of the age at death of Geert Adriaans BOOMGAARD (GAB), a seaman who reached the age of 110. He was born in Groningen on 21 September 1788 and died in the same city on 3 February 1899. A remarkable number of documents have been found that cover the full span of GAB’s life, and thus make it possible to validate his reported exceptional age. In the first step of the validation, a comparison of the baptism and death records shows that the information provided is consistent, even if the spelling of the surnames of his parents reported in the two records is not identical. The reconstitution of GAB’s family and the dates of birth of his siblings also support the validity of GAB’s reported age at death. The demographic information covers the period between 1818 (the year of his first marriage) and 1837 (the year of birth of his last child). We found few documents that mention him during his early life before his first marriage, including a document from 1791 indicating that his father named his new boat De Jonge Geert as well as a list of conscripts from 1811 where his name appeared. By contrast, we found numerous documents covering the period from 1837 to 1899 that are related to his career as a seaman; the marriages of children; his entry into a nursing home; and various interviews, photos, and articles on his life that appeared in the press. All of these documents support the validity of GAB’s reported year of birth and age at death. Thus, GAB might be considered the first thoroughly validated supercentenarian in the history of humankind.
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Restiana, Refia Putri, and Tubagus Ferdi Fadilah. "Relationship Between Early Marriage and Incidence of Stunting in Children Aged 24-59 Months." In Proceedings of the 3rd Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities and Social Science 2021 (BIS-HSS 2021). Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-49-7_156.
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Tambe, Ashwini. "Early Marriage as Slavery." In Defining Girlhood in India. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042720.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 returns to the intergovernmental arena to examine another effort to harmonize a common age of consent: a UN-led universal age of marriage. It documents how the trajectory of UN interest in setting a common age in the 1950s and 1960s was shaped by another commitment, that of abolishing slavery. In particular, it shows that antislavery discourse was mobilized in the context of geopolitical hierarchies: the focus on child marriage turned the discussion of slavery away from the United Kingdom, United States, and European states, which had historically been the principal perpetrators of the transatlantic slave trade, to former colonies. In displacing the gaze away from the British slave trade to newly independent states, the UN discourse on marriage shifted moral responsibility for enslavement from historically culpable nations to many of those oppressed by them. An imperial logic thus informed efforts to raise the age of marriage. Indian delegates played an obstructionist role throughout the process, claiming it compromised the power of parents. Ultimately, India refused to sign the 1962 Convention on Minimum Age of Marriage.
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Yildirim, Filiz, Bilge Abukan, and Duygu Oztas. "From Early Marriage to Adolescent Pregnancy in Turkey." In Research Anthology on Advancements in Women's Health and Reproductive Rights. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6299-7.ch050.
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Early marriages/child marriages, defined as formal marriages or informal unions before age 18, have been studied within other adolescence issues in Turkey. Adolescence pregnancies resulting from early marriages in Turkey should not be evaluated without considering the socio-cultural context. This is because this problem occurs mostly under the marriage structure even if it is too early (under the age of 18) and families approve of such marriages. The purpose of this study is to discuss adolescent pregnancies as a result of early marriages in Turkey in accordance with the socio-cultural context pertaining to the social structure of Turkey.
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Yildirim, Filiz, Bilge Abukan, and Duygu Oztas. "From Early Marriage to Adolescent Pregnancy in Turkey." In Socio-Cultural Influences on Teenage Pregnancy and Contemporary Prevention Measures. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6108-8.ch005.
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Early marriages/child marriages, defined as formal marriages or informal unions before age 18, have been studied within other adolescence issues in Turkey. Adolescence pregnancies resulting from early marriages in Turkey should not be evaluated without considering the socio-cultural context. This is because this problem occurs mostly under the marriage structure even if it is too early (under the age of 18) and families approve of such marriages. The purpose of this study is to discuss adolescent pregnancies as a result of early marriages in Turkey in accordance with the socio-cultural context pertaining to the social structure of Turkey.
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Ronad, Iranna. "Causes, Effects, and Remedies of Early Marriage." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies. IGI Global, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3394-5.ch014.
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Abstract Despite the fact that marriage has a unique character, variety, and significance in all communities on the planet, sociologists contend that early marriage has had a number of detrimental effects. There is a wide range of views and attitudes in society about early marriage. While some believe that it is highly advantageous for the family, others think that getting married young is not a good idea and that it will only cause troubles and negative outcomes. Even though it is against the law, early weddings are never less common in many civilizations throughout the world. These types of marriages involve girls under the age of eighteen for various reasons. Many low-income parents wed their daughters before the age of eighteen. Due to their lack of resources, high expectations of their children, and intense feelings, many poor people complete their responsibility by marrying off their daughters at the young age of eighteen or younger.
Conference papers on the topic "Early age at marriage"
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Konchakovskaya, N. B. "Marriage Rates in the Cities of the Perm Governorate at the Turn of the 19th — 20th Centuries." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-1-11.
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The article considers marriage indicators in cities of the Perm governorate. The indicators of absolute marriage rates, average age of marriage, proportion of early marriages and other parameters of this demographic process were determined based on statistics of the Central Statistical Committee and city parish registers. A certain tendency towards a decrease in marriages at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as a slight increase in the age of marriage among women were observed. Marriage rates were influenced by social and economic indicators of urban development, leading to the democratisation of the marriage process. For women, later marriage resulted in an increased choice of life strategy. A significant number of unmarried and single lived in Perm and Ekaterinburg, where many migrants came.
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Dariyo, Agoes, Mia Hadiati, and R. Rahaditya. "Understanding of Marriage Law Attitude For Delivery of Early Age Marriage in Indonesian Adolescence." In Proceedings of First International Conference on Culture, Education, Linguistics and Literature, CELL 2019, 5-6 August, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.5-8-2019.2289791.
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Hadiati, Mia, Moody R. Syailendra, and Luthfi Marfungah. "The Effectivity of Law Number 1 of 1974 Concerning Marriage to Prevent Early Age Marriage in the Bantaeng Area of South Sulawesi." In Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200515.085.
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Slyusar, Ludmila. "Changes in the marital behavior of the population in Ukraine during the war." In Economic growth in the face of global challenges. Consolidation of national economies and reduction of social inequalities: International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIIIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.cdr.18.2024.10.
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The Russia-Ukraine war dramatically changes the living conditions of population, as a result of which there are changes in the demographic behavior (marital, reproductive, and migratory). These changes affect both the current demographic situation and future demographic development. The purpose of this study is to determine the changes in the marital behavior in Ukraine which appeared under the influence of the war. In the study were used data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (for the period before the full-scale invasion), data from the Ministry of Justice, media publications, expert assessments, and sample survey materials. In the last decades, a gradual modernization of the marital behavior of the population was observed in Ukraine: age at first marriage of both women and men increased, share of early marriages decreased, and various forms of cohabitation became widespread. In Ukraine the divorce rate remained high but gradually decreased. Russia’s war against Ukraine deformed the natural processes of life and development of the Ukrainian population. In the first two years of the full-scale war the increasing number of marriages was caused by growth in cases of official marriage registration by partners who previously delayed or refused to do so. In the extreme conditions of war, couples need the guarantees provided by the state in a registered marriage. At the same time, the number of divorces decreased. The similar trends were observed in 2014–2015, during the period of active military actions in Donbas. Further changes mostly depend on the duration of the war and the security conditions in the country.
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Susanti, Isne, Harsono Salimo, and Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi. "How Do Psychological, Nutritional Factors, and Ambient Smoke Exposure, Affect the Risk of Low Birth Weight?: A Path Analysis Evidence." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.49.
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ABSTRACT Background: Nearly half of the world’s population rely on solid fuels (wood or coal) for their everyday household energy needs. Much of this fuel is burned in open fires and simple stoves with inadequate ventilation, causing very high levels of smoke exposure, particularly for women and infants. This study aimed to investigate the associations between psychological, nutritional factors, and ambient smoke exposure, affect the risk of low birth weight. Subjects and Method: A case control study was carried out at 25 community health centers in Gunungkidul, Yogyaarta, Indonesia, from January to February 2020. A sample of 200 infants was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was low birth weight. The ondependent variables were maternal education, early marriage, family income, maternal age at pregnancy, ambient smoke exposure, gestational stress, anemia, and maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). The data were obtained from medical record, maternal and child health book, and questionnaire. The data were analzed by path analysis. Results: The risk of low birth weight was directly increased with maternal age <20 or ≥35 years (b= 1.7; 95% CI= 0.62 to 2.9; p= 0.002), anemia (b= 2.7; 95% CI= 1.77 to 3.67; p<0.001), gestational stress (b= 1.7; 95% CI= 0.41 to 2.99; p= 0.009), and ambient smoke exposure (b= 1.6; 95% CI= 0.62 to 2.72; p= 0.002). The risk of low birth weigth was indirectly decreased with early marriage, maternal education, maternal MUAC, and family income. Conclusion: The risk of low birth weight is directly increased with maternal age <20 or ≥35 years, anemia, gestational stress, and ambient smoke exposure. The risk of low birth weigth is indirectly decreased with early marriage, maternal education, maternal MUAC, and family income. Keywords: low birth weight, early marriage, gestational stress, path analysis Correspondence: Isne Susanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutarni 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: isnesusanti@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285271128121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.49
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Merzlyakova, Svetlana, and Marina Golubeva. "IDEAS ABOUT MARRIAGE DEPENDING ON THE STRUCTURE OF VALUABLE ORIENTATIONS OF WOMEN IN EARLY ADULTHOOD." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact049.
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"The phenomenon of marriage is one of the little-studied questions of family psychology. The resolution of the contradiction between the need of modern society to form complete and adequate ideas about the marital role among students and the need to identify socio-psychological factors that influence the development of ideas about marriage determines the problem of research. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of ideas about marriage (Ideal husband, Ideal wife) depending on the structure of valuable orientations of young women in early adulthood. Methods of research. Theoretical and methodological literature analysis, questionnaire, psycho-diagnostic methods (the questionnaire “A Value and Availability Ratio in Various Vital Spheres Technique” by E.B. Fantalova, the method of Semantic Differential, developed by Charles E. Osgood, projective technique of ""Incomplete Sentences"", the questionnaire ""Role Expectations and Claims in Marriage"" by A. N. Volkova); mathematical and statistical data processing methods. During the analytical stage we used mathematical and statistical methods that allowed us to establish the reliability of the research results. All calculations were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 computer program. The analysis included descriptive statistics, cluster analysis (K-means method), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for one sample, Shapiro-Wilkes criterion, and correlation analysis. The study involved 310 female students in age from 20 to 22 from Astrakhan State University and the Astrakhan Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. It was found that among young female students 45 people (14.5 %) are focused on the values of professional self-realization, 59 people (19 %) are focused on gnostic and aesthetic values, and 206 people (66.5 %) are focused on the values of personal happiness. The results showed that the concepts of marriage have both common features and specific features due to the influence of the structure of valuable orientations of the respondents. Ideas about marriage are characterized by fragmentary formation of emotional and behavioral components, in some cases the presence of cognitive distortions. The obtained results actualize the importance and necessity of psychological and pedagogical support of the process of family self-determination of students, the formation of complete and adequate ideas about marriage in the conditions of the educational environment of the university."
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Palupi, Restu Anandya, Wahyu Sulistiadi, and Al Asyary. "Public Health Policy Practice for Early-age Marriage in Gunung Kidul, Indonesia: An Evaluation of Regent Regulation Practice on Child Health." In The 2nd International Conference on Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009863802270236.
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Siddiqui, Khizra Tahir, Gauri Jasuja, and Anshay Tomar. "Lasting Effects of Early Trauma: Understanding Its Influence on Adult Anxiety." In Transforming Knowledge: A Multidisciplinary Research on Integrative Learning Across Disciplines. The Bhopal School of Social Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.51767/ic250433.
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Anxiety disorders often stem from unresolved childhood trauma, past experiences, and maladaptive thought patterns. This case study examines the manifestations of anxiety in Ruchika, a 34-year-old married woman who experiences severe trust issues and emotional dysregulation due to past trauma. Having lost her mother at the age of 17, Ruchika was forced into a caregiving role for her younger sister while simultaneously adjusting to a blended family dynamic. These early life experiences shaped her perception of relationships, leading to chronic anxiety, insecurity, and difficulty trusting her husband. Her symptoms include overthinking, emotional outbursts, paranoia, and physical manifestations of distress. Despite being in a stable marital relationship, Ruchika's persistent fears of abandonment and betrayal cause intense emotional episodes, leading to difficulties in her marriage. Her distress manifests in extreme anxiety, crying spells, and physical agitation, at times resulting in aggressive behaviors. This case study explores the psychological impact of early trauma on adult relationships, analyzing Ruchika's symptoms through clinical tools and frameworks. The study highlights the necessity of cognitive-behavioral interventions, trauma-focused therapy, and emotional regulation strategies to mitigate her anxiety and improve her overall well-being.
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Abesadze, Nino, Nino Paresashvili, and Rusudan Kinkladze. "Violence against women: stereotyped or new challenge of society." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.065.
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Purpose – the aim of the work is Statistical analysis of violence against women in Georgia, according to the causes, forms, revealed forms and results of violence. Research methodology – the methods of statistical observation, grouping, and analysis were used in the research process. The graphical expression method is widely used. Findings – violence against women is a taboo topic for Georgian society and rarely becomes disclosed. Violence against women and girls in Georgia includes sexual abuse, rape, sexual harassment, early marriages, or forced marriage. The cases of violence against women are much more common in residents of Tbilisi, Samtskhe-Javakheti, and Mtskheta-Mtianeti. It is relatively low in Adjara, Guria, Samegrelo and Imereti regions. Besides physical violence, there is frequent psychological violence, such as constant control of the wife, threatening, intimidation, etc. Violence indicators are different for age groups and nationalities Research limitations – the survey is intended for a wide segment. In the future, it is possible to further expand the area by considering sources of financing. Practical implications – the results of this research will help increase public awareness and the need for womenʼs rights. Originality/Value – since 2009, research about womenʼs violence in Georgia has not been conducted. Therefore, the statistical data presented here is completely the most recent.
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Завойкина, Н. В. "Aspurgos – the king of Bosporan state (9/8 BC – AD 38)." In Древности Боспора. Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2023.978-5-94375-403-6.149-167.
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The dedication of king Aspurgos from Gorgippia AD 6/7, which was published in 2018 (“Bulletin of Ancient History”, № 3), allows to revise some of the established ideas about the reign of the lord of the Bosporus. Aspurgos calls himself the son of “the great king of Asandrokhos” in the inscription. The title “great king” was worn by Asandros (49/48 – 21/20 BC), whom many researchers have considered as the father of Aspurgos. Only the legitimate ruler of the Bosporan kingdom could bear this Achaemenes title. Asandros legitimized his rule and gained access to the Pontic regalia, one of them was the title of “great king”, through his marriage with Dynamis, the daughter of Pharnakes and the granddaughter of Mithridates Eupatoros. Therefore, we have one more argument in favor of the identity of king Asandros and king Asandrokhos as one man. Aspurgos owns the royal title in the inscription and bears the epithet “friend of the Romans”. It is obvious that he received the title and concluded an alliance with Rome earlier than AD 6/7. It is known that in the Bosporan gold coins are minted with monograms , , from 9/8 BC – AD 9/10 (Fig. 1). As many scholars believe, the name of Dynamia hides in the monograms. However, the last three years of issue of the coins with the monograms fall on the documented years of the reign of Aspurgos from AD 6/7 – 9/10. These data give ground for the conclusion that the coinage of gold coins marked the monograms took place during the reign of Aspurgos. The issue of gold coins with the monograms KNE (Fig. 4), ΠΑΡ, ΠΑ in the Bosporus from AD 10/11 – 13/14 also falls on the reign of Aspurgos. In 9/8 BC Aspurgos, using the support of the Aspurgianai and, as the author thinks, the Syrako-Meotians, eliminated the Roman protégé Polemon I (14 – 9/8 BC), who ruled the Bosporus. Since Aspurgos occupied the Bosporan throne against the will of Augustus. The lord of Rome forbade Aspurgos not only to indicate his portrait and his monogram on Bosporan gold coins, but also, as it is assumed, to mention the name of his father Asandros in official documents. The possible course of strong position of Augustus conceals in that these two Bosporan lords were guilty of eliminating three Roman henchmen (Mithridates of Pergamon, Scribonius, Polemon) on the Bosporan throne. The name Asandros (=Asandrokhos) was forgotten in the history of the Bosporus. The Bosporan kings Kotis I, Reskuporides I, Sauromates I traced their origin to Aspurgos. So well, the new documentary evidence confirms the hypothesis that Aspurgos ruled to the Bosporan kingdom from 9/8 BC – AD 38. He was the legitimate heir, the son of Asandros and Dynamis. Aspurgos spent most of AD 14 in Rome, as he was looking for a meeting with Augustus. He returned to the Bosporus in the early of October of AD 14. One of the reasons for his trip was the desire to obtain the consent of Augustus to marry Gepaipyria, the Thracian princess and the granddaughter of Polemon I and Antonina Tryphena. The marriage may have been sanctioned by Augustus and confirmed by Tiberius. Tiberius allowed Aspurgos put his royal monogram on the Bosporan gold coins, and on the reverse side of the copper coins – a portrait of Aspurgos. It is possible before his marriage to Gepaipyria in AD 15/16 Aspurgos was married to a Syracian princess. It was probably she was an offspring of Mithridates Eupatoros or his son Pharnakes. This dynastic alliance was the result of the allied relations between Aspurgos and the Syraco-Meotians, lived on the right bank of the Kuban near the northeastern borders of the Bosporus. They provided significant support to Aspurgos in his struggle for the Bosporan throne with Polemon. It was this military-political alliance, sealed by the marriage of Aspurgos and the Syracian princess, which forced Augustus, as it seems, to keep the royal throne for the recalcitrant Bosporan. Many scholars have believed that Mithridates III and Kotis I were born in wedlock of Aspurgos and Gepaipyria. However, after the death of Aspurgos in AD the late 37 – the early 38 year, Gepaipyria occupied the Bosporan throne. It is in all probability, Mithridates, the eldest son of Aspurgos, left the Bosporus in that time because of his voyage to Rome. A number of researchers have believed that this happened due to the infancy of the royal heirs. The image of king Mithridates III, containing on the front side of the Bosporan copper coins of AD 39 year, refutes this opinion (Fig. 5). The king depicts as a mustachioed and bearded man, with long hair. The iconography of the king’s portrait corresponds to the age category “an adult man”, according to ancient canons over 25 years old. The image gives reason to believe that Mithridates was born before the marriage of Aspurgos and Gepaipyria. It is apparently that Mithridates III was born in the marriage of Aspurgos and the Syracian princess. He was the last representative of the “Pontic” line of the royal family of the Bosporus in AD I century.
Reports on the topic "Early age at marriage"
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El Hamamsy, Laila. Early Marriage and Reproduction in Two Egyptian Villages. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1009.
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As noted in this monograph, marriage forms a central element of social life for Egyptians. Marriage in Egypt is nearly universal, and parents invest heavily to establish their children in married life. Once married, couples are faced with social pressures to begin childbearing immediately, a reflection of the high value placed on parenthood and children. But not all marriages begin with the same prospects for stability and satisfaction. This study draws attention to the problems faced by women who marry at very early ages in parts of rural Egypt. Despite a legal minimum age of 16, significant numbers of young girls marry below that age, and many experience social, emotional, and health-related difficulties. This study tells why these young women married early and how that decision affected their later life. The study points to areas where the aspirations of these girls have been clearly thwarted—to go to school, delay marriage, and postpone childbearing until they feel physically and psychologically ready. A related picture emerges of the social and economic forces that propel rural girls into marriage at very young ages. Each of these problems suggest areas for policy attention.
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Bruce, Judith, and Shelley Clark. The implications of early marriage for HIV/AIDS policy. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1000.
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This brief is based on a background paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The final paper is entitled “Including married adolescents in adolescent reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy.” The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Married adolescent girls are outside the conventionally defined research interests, policy diagnosis, and basic interventions that have underpinned adolescent reproductive health programming and many HIV/AIDS prevention activities. They are an isolated, often numerically large, and extremely vulnerable segment of the population, largely untouched by current intervention strategies. As stated in this brief, promoting later marriage, to at least age 18, and shoring up protection options within marriage may be essential means of stemming the epidemic.
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Lahoti, Rahul, Rosa Abraham, and Hema Swaminathan. Marriage, Motherhood, and Women’s Employment in Rural India. Asian Development Bank, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22617/wps240568-2.
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This paper on women’s labor market participation in rural India highlights the crucial role of socioeconomic context in shaping the impact of marriage and childbirth. The paper analyzes women’s labor market trajectories from age 15 onward. It finds that marriage leads to a significant and sustained increase in women’s labor supply, particularly in informal agricultural work. This increase is more pronounced among women from poorer households and those with working mothers. Notably, childbirth does not negatively impact labor supply; this differs from findings in higher-income countries. The authors attribute these results to early marriage and motherhood, low levels of economic development, and the prevalence of informal employment.
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Manning, Wendy, and Lisa Carlson. Trends in Cohabitation Prior to Marriage (FP-21-04). National Center for Family and Marriage Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-21-04.
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Disparities in unintended childbearing remain a public health concern (Healthy People 2030). Using the 2015-19 cycle of the National Survey of Family Growth, we examine sociodemographic variation in birth intendedness, looking at births occurring between 2014-2018 to women aged 15-49. Birth intendedness is based on a series of questions in which women are asked to characterize each birth as on time, mistimed (wanted but occurring earlier than desired), or unwanted (the respondent did not want any births at all, or any additional births). When births are reported as too early, women were then asked how much earlier than desired the birth occurred. We categorize mistimed births into two groups: slightly mistimed (less than two years earlier than desired) or seriously mistimed (two or more years too early). This profile is an update of FP-17-091 and the second in a series on unintended childbearing in the U.S.
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Haider, Huma. Financial Incentives to Reduce Female Infanticide, Child Marriage and Promote Girl’s Education: Impact. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.004.
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This review examines evidence on the key design features and impact of programmes that use Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) or baby bonds to reduce female infanticide, child marriage and promote girl’s education. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes have been adopted to promote the survival and well-being of girls. They provide parents with financial incentives to raise daughters; to delay marrying them until age 18, and to reduce the gender imbalance in school. Given that many CCT programmes aimed at addressing girl children are relatively new, it has in many cases been too early to evaluate their effectiveness. There is thus limited evidence of the impact of their implementation and outcomes. This helpdesk report focuses on recent studies, published in the past five years, on select programmes implemented in South Asia, particularly in India, for which there is the most available information. Evidence suggests that CCT programmes aimed at supporting the girl child have succeeded in promoting school enrolment and delaying marriage in South Asia. It is less clear, however, the extent to which these transfers have affected gender-biased sex selection.
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El-Gibaly, Omaima, and Susan M. Lee. Too Young to Be a Mother: A Description of the Lives of Married Adolescent Girls in Egypt. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2004.1000.
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Improving the status and health of women is high on the agenda of the Ministry of Health and Population in Egypt. Investing in the lives of women who marry in their teens has long-term benefits for these girls and their children. Valid information is needed, however, to address these girls’ special needs. Adolescent health is currently one of the major concerns of the Ministry of Health and Population, as is delaying early marriage and addressing the reproductive and other health needs of married girls. The Ministry was a fieldwork partner with the Population Council, providing data collection from primary health care physicians throughout the country for the “Adolescent and Social Change” Survey (ASCE) in 1997. This monograph is an in-depth analysis of the ASCE survey data. It portrays the context in which married girls are living, describes their characteristics, marriages, and reproductive practices, and makes them visible for the first time, which is hoped will contribute to improving their situation.
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Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hillary J. Bracken. Married adolescents: An overview. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1005.
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The nascent work reviewed in this compendium indicates that married girls experience significant social isolation and limited autonomy. Across the studies examined, on indicators of mobility, exposure to media, and social networks, married girls are consistently disadvantaged compared to their unmarried peers. Similarly, across studies, on most of the domains explored here (mobility, decision-making, control over economic resources, and possibly gender-based violence), married girls tend to be less empowered and more isolated than slightly older married females. There may also be health issues associated with marriage during adolescence. Married girls are frequently at a disadvantage in terms of reproductive health information—particularly regarding STIs and HIV. First-time mothers, many of whom are adolescents, by virtue of their parity may have distinct maternal health needs and risks. Finally, early marriage potentially plays a role in exposing girls and young women to severe reproductive health risks, including HIV. Many of these elevated health risks may be largely, though not exclusively, derivative of their social vulnerability.
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Lillian Rutandaro, Sherrie, Christine Lundambuyu Munalula, Rogers Otuta, and Manenji Mangundu. Lives at Risk: A study of girls dropping out of school in Juba, Rumbek and Pibor Counties, South Sudan. Oxfam, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9349.
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This study was undertaken by Oxfam in three South Sudanse counties as part of the SIDA-funded project 'Building Resilience through Gender and Conflict-Sensitive Approaches to Education, Skills Development, and Sustainable Livelihoods'. Its purpose was to shed light on why so many girls drop out of school. The research revealed that women and girls often lack decision-making power over their lives. Early or forced marriage, the abduction of girls, perceptions that education delays marriage – and that educated girls risk not finding husbands – all contribute to dropout rates. Additional challenges include a lack of adequate hygiene and sanitation facilities in schools, the distances learners need to travel, insecurity caused by communal violence, floods, food insecurity, and a heavy household work burden. The Government of South Sudan has in place laws and policies to address these issues, but they remain largely on paper and enforcement mechanisms are weak. The report analyses each of these factors in turn and presents recommendations for how the SIDA project can begin to address them in its future programming.
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Barker, Gary, Jorge Lyra, and Benedito Medrado. The roles, responsibilities, and realities of married adolescent males and adolescent fathers: A brief literature review. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1004.
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From the perspective of developing countries, we know relatively little about married adolescent males and adolescent fathers, and much of what we know is inferred from research with young women or comes from a few specific regions in the world. However, there has been a growing interest in the issue on the part of researchers, policy-makers, and program staff. This interest has coincided with increasing attention in general to men, with gender studies, and with sexual and reproductive health initiatives. Early marriage and early childbearing are much more prevalent among young women than young men, and the negative consequences are more significant among young women. Nonetheless, it is the behavior and attitudes of men, within social contexts where gender hierarchies favor men over women, that often create young women’s vulnerability. Much of the research and literature on adolescent fathers comes from Latin America, the Caribbean, North America, and Europe. This paper reviews some of the literature on young married men and young fathers, concluding with suggestions for engaging young men to promote better reproductive and sexual health and more favorable life outcomes for married adolescent women and young men.
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Dahl, Gordon. Early Teen Marriage and Future Poverty. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11328.
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