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Journal articles on the topic 'Early age cement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Zhao, Jun, Gao Chuang Cai, and Dan Ying Gao. "Study on Bonding Characteristic of Mixed-Type Chloride Ion in Sulphoaluminate Cement." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.698.

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The binding properties of chloride ion of sulphoaluminate cement and portland cement were studied in different age,different water-cement ratio and different chloride ion content. The results show that binding rate tends to increase as the age and water-cement ratio increase for above two type cements. But the trend is opposite with the increase of total amount of incorporation chloride ion(TAIC), and the early strength of sulphoaluminate cement decreases slightly.

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2

Krivenko, Pavel V., Myroslav Sanytsky, and Tetiana Kropyvnytska. "The Effect of Nanosilica on the Early Strength of Alkali-Activated Portland Composite Cements." Solid State Phenomena 296 (August 2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.296.21.

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Significant reduction of carbon footprint of the construction industry is achieved through the use of composite Portland cements. However, substitution levels of additives in the composite cements are limited due to slow strength development arising from low reactivity of the pozzolana compared to clinker phases especially at the early age. The aim of the study was to evaluate effect of nanosilica on formation of strength properties and structure at the early age. The Portland composite cement containing clinker, granulated blast furnace slag, zeolite tuff as natural pozzolana and limestone with additives of nanosilica, Na2SO4 and polycarboxylate ether was investigated. The results obtained with the help of PSD, XRD, DTA, TG and SEM techniques showed that addition into the cement paste of the nanosilica particles with high surface reactivity improved the composite cement microstructure and leaching of calcium became significantly lower, because nanosilica particles react with calcium hydroxide with the formation of a denser C-S-H gel at the early age of hardening.

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3

Zeng, S., N. R. Short, and C. L. Page. "Early-age hydration kinetics of polymer-modified cement." Advances in Cement Research 8, no. 29 (1996): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.1996.8.29.1.

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4

Paine, K. A., R. K. Dhir, and L. Zheng. "Predicting early-age temperatures of blended-cement concrete." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 159, no. 4 (2006): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/coma.2006.159.4.163.

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5

Hanehara, Shunsuke, and Kazuo Yamada. "Rheology and early age properties of cement systems." Cement and Concrete Research 38, no. 2 (2008): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.09.006.

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6

Bentz, Dale P., Gaurav Sant, and Jason Weiss. "Early-Age Properties of Cement-Based Materials. I: Influence of Cement Fineness." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 20, no. 7 (2008): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2008)20:7(502).

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7

Guthrie, W. Spencer, Tyler B. Young, Brandon J. Blankenagel, and Dane A. Cooley. "Early-Age Strength Assessment of Cement-Treated Base Material." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (2005): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600102.

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To avoid early-age damage to cement-treated base (CTB) materials, the cement must be allowed to cure before the pavement can be opened to traffic. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the utilities of the soil stiffness gauge (SSG), the heavy Clegg impact soil tester (CIST), the dynamic cone penetrometer, and the falling weight deflectometer for assessing early-age strength gain of cement-stabilized materials. Experiments were performed at four sites on a pavement reconstruction project along I-84 in Morgan, Utah, where cement stabilization was used in conjunction with full-depth recycling. Each site was stationed to facilitate repeated measurements at the same locations with different devices and at different curing times. Because of the considerable attention from the pavement construction industry for routine quality control and quality assurance programs, the SSG and CIST were the primary focus of the research. Statistical techniques were used to evaluate the repeatability of these devices and their sensitivity to curing time. The results indicated that although the SSG was more repeatable at one site, the CIST data were markedly more sensitive to curing time than the SSG data at all cement-treated sites during the first 72 h after construction. For this reason, the data suggest that the CIST offers greater overall utility than the SSG for monitoring early-age strength gain of CTB. Further research is needed to investigate appropriate thresholds and protocols for these testing methods that ensure adequate reliability of the collected data.

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8

Li, Yun Feng, Dong Sheng Zhang, and Li Xu. "Early Age Cracking Characteristic of Concrete with Compound Admixtures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.71.

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The shrinkage cracking of concrete plays an important role to the accelerated deterioration and shortening the service life of concrete structures. The mineral admixture will be a perfect component of high performance concrete and its utilization will be a valuable resource for recycling. Early age cracking characteristics of concrete with compound admixtures, such as steel slag, blast furnace slag, fly ash, are studied in this paper using plate test method. The better anti-cracking performance of concrete will be realized when blast furnace slag replacing cement at 30%, steel slag and fly ash as the equal mixture components replacing cement at 30%, three kinds of admixtures replacing cement at 30% under the proper proportion.

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9

Sun, Zhen Ping, Qi Li, Yang Yu, and Pei Qiang Yang. "Investigation of Early Cement Paste with 1H Low-Field NMR." Key Engineering Materials 539 (January 2013): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.539.5.

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Early cement paste (0h-6h) made with cement of different Blain specific surface area was investigated with 23MHz 1H low-field NMR. T2 distribution, T2 against age and T2 distributions against age were obtain. Results showed: 1) T2 distribution of fresh cement paste made with cement of common Blain specific surface area has two peaks and corresponded to water within flocculation and among flocculation; 2)T2 against age could reflect a stage-like behaviour of cement hydration; 3) T2 distributions against age showed evolution of microstructure in early cement paste.

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10

Wyrzykowski, Mateusz, Karen Scrivener, and Pietro Lura. "Basic creep of cement paste at early age - the role of cement hydration." Cement and Concrete Research 116 (February 2019): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.11.013.

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11

Lam, Nguyen Ngoc. "Some microstructure properties at early age of ettringite binder based on rich C12A7 calcium aluminate cement." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 12, no. 3 (2018): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(3)-05.

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The mineral composition of calcium aluminate cements is traditionally based on CA (monocalcium aluminate-CaO·Al2O3). Recently, a new cement with the main compound of C12A7 (Mayenite) has been developed for rapid hardening binder. This cement is used in conjunction with a sulfate binder to form a new type binder called ettringite binder due to the high quantity of ettringite in the hydration product, opened new possibilities for mortar and concrete formulations. This paper focuses on some microstructure characteristics of the ettringite binder based on a C12A7 rich cement and a hemihydrate at early age. Some important characteristics of this binder were found, such as: short setting time (about 40–50 minutes), rapid expansion just after initial setting time, rapid evolution of porosity and bound water during the first 5 hours of hydration. The correlation between bound water and porosity of hardened binders was also found in this paper. Article history: Received 24 January 2018, Revised 04 April 2018, Accepted 27 April 2018

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12

Torabian Isfahani, Forood, Elena Redaelli, Weiwen Li, and Yaru Sun. "Effects of Nanosilica on Early Age Stages of Cement Hydration." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4687484.

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Effects of nanosilica on cement hydration have been broadly investigated in the literature and early age cement hydration, as a whole, has been mainly considered, disregarding the substages of the hydration. The hydration of cement is characterized by different substages and nanosilica effect on the hydration could be a result of diverse, even contradictory, behavior of nanosilica in individual stages of the hydration. In this study, effects of nanosilica on different substages of cement hydration are investigated. Isothermal calorimetry results show that at early ages (initial 72 hours) the effects of nanosilica depend on the phenomenon by which the hydration is governed: when the hydration is chemically controlled, that is, during initial reaction, dormant period, and acceleratory period, the hydration rate is accelerated by adding nanosilica; when the hydration is governed by diffusion process, that is, during postacceleratory period, the hydration rate is decelerated by adding nanosilica. The Thermal Gravimetric Analysis on the samples at the hardened state (after 28 days of curing) reveals that, after adding nanosilica, the hydration degree slightly increased compared to the plain paste.

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13

Ghafoori, Nader, Matthew O. Maler, Meysam Najimi, and Ariful Hasnat. "Properties of high early-strength Type V cement concrete for rapid repair." MATEC Web of Conferences 289 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928902003.

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This study examines the suitability of ASTM Type V cement concrete for rapid repair applications. To this end, experimental results on transport and durability properties of high early-strength concretes using ASTM Type V cement were compared with those of a more traditional cement used for rapid repair, i.e. Type III cement. A cement content of 445 kg/m3 (750 lb/yd3) was maintained for all studied concretes. The experimental program included compressive strength, absorption, rapid chloride migration, corrosion resistance, and mass loss due to freezing and thawing regimes. The results of this study revealed that use of Type III and V cements were both effective for concrete rapid repair applications. The opening time to reach the minimum compressive strength of 21 MPa (3000 psi) was found dissimilar. Type III cement concrete showed better strength properties at early ages due to its high fineness. However, as curing age was extended to 24 hours and 28 days, Type V cement concrete produced higher strength results. Moreover, Type III cement concretes failed to display better performance in transport properties, corrosion, and frost resistance when compared to that of the studied Type V cement concretes.

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14

Kosson, M., L. Brown, and F. Sanchez. "Early-Age Performance of 3D Printed Carbon Nanofiber and Carbon Microfiber Cement Composites." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 2 (2020): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120902704.

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3D printed cement composites with and without carbon nanofiber (CNF) and microfiber (CF) reinforcement within the cement ink were evaluated at seven days and compared with their traditionally cast counterparts. A liquid lubrication layer at the extrusion nozzle was noted. The reinforcement type influenced the formation of the extruded filament, with underextrusion seen during 3D printing with the CNF cement ink while sudden discontinuation of extrusion was experienced during 3D printing with the CF cement ink. No noticeable interfacial region between printed filaments was observed in the 3D printed cement composites, with the exception of air cavities between printed filaments of the composite fabricated with the CNF cement ink. Lower compressive strengths were seen in the direction orthogonal to the print path for the 3D printed composites compared with the cast composites. The addition of CFs within the cement ink reduced this strength difference and led to strain softening in the post peak behavior.

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15

Zhu, Jianping, Genshen Li, Ruijie Xia, et al. "Effect of nano-SnO2 on early-age hydration of Portland cement paste." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 6 (2019): 168781401985194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019851946.

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Nanomaterial, as a new emerging material in the field of civil engineering, has been widely utilized to enhance the mechanical properties of cementitious material. Nano-SnO2 has presented high hardness characteristics, but there is little study of the application of nano-SnO2 in the cementitious materials. This study mainly investigated the hydration characteristics and strength development of Portland cement paste incorporating nano-SnO2 powders with 0%, 0.08%, and 0.20% dosage. It was found that the early-age compressive strength of cement paste could be greatly improved when nano-SnO2 was incorporated with 0.08% dosage. The hydration process and microstructure were then measured by hydraulic test machine, calorimeter, nanoindentation, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. It was found that the cement hydration process was promoted by the addition of nano-SnO2, and the total amount of heat released from cement hydration is also increased. In addition, the addition of nano-SnO2 can promote the generations of high density C-S-H and reduce the generations of low density C-S-H indicating the nucleation effect of nano-SnO2 in the crystal growth process. The porosity and probable pore diameter of cement paste with 0.08% nano-SnO2 were decreased, and the scanning electron microscopic results also show that the cement paste with 0.08% nano-SnO2 promotes the densification of cement microstructure, which are consistent with the strength performance.

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16

Jiang, Lei, Yamei Zhang, Chuanlin Hu, and Zongjin Li. "Calculation of elastic modulus of early-age cement paste." Advances in Cement Research 24, no. 4 (2012): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.11.00002.

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17

UCHIKAWA, Hiroshi, Shunsuke HANEHARA, Daisuke SAWAKI, and Tokuhiko SHIRASAKA. "Interaction between Cement and Organic Admixture at Early Age." Concrete Research and Technology 4, no. 1 (1993): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/crt1990.4.1_91.

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18

Georgin, J. F., T. Le Bihan, J. Ambroise, and J. Pera. "Early-age behavior of materials with a cement matrix." Cement and Concrete Research 40, no. 7 (2010): 997–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.03.006.

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19

ASHIZAWA, Ryoichi, Toshiaki MIZOBUCHI, and Hiroki IZUMI. "EVALUATION FOR APPERENT INSTANTANEOUS STIFFNESS DECREASE CONSIDERING EFFECT OF CREEP OF EARLY AGE CONCRETE." Cement Science and Concrete Technology 73, no. 1 (2020): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.73.200.

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20

Huang, Dong Hui, Sheng Xing Wu, Xiao Jun Wang, and Hai Tao Zhao. "Effect of Admixtures on Dynamic Elastic Modulus of Cement Paste at Early Age." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.450.

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The elastic modulus of cement paste is the key parameter for characterizing the mechanical response of concrete. In modern concrete technology, the admixtures are often used to enhance the performance of concrete. This paper introduces a nondestructive testing method to evaluate the dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste. Moreover, the effect of water-cement ratio and conventional admixtures on the dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste is investigated, in which three kinds of admixtures are taken into account including Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA), Silica Fume (SF), and Shrinkage-Reducing Admixture (SRA). The results from experimental investigation indicate that the dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste increases with decreasing water-cement ratio. The addition of SF increases the dynamic elastic modulus, however, the overdosage of VMA causes its reduction. SRA reduces the elastic modulus at early age without affecting the elastic modulus at later period.

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21

Wibisono, Gunawan, Erwin, Alfian Kamaldi, and Monita Olivia. "Peat soil mass stabilization using geopolymeric hybrid material in early age." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927605003.

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Peat is an organic soil, highly compressible and has high water content. The soil needs to be stabilized chemically by incorporating binders such as cement and lime into the soil that will change the properties and soil strength. However, stabilization using cement solely is not recommended since the organic acid in peat soil could delay cement hydration process. Furthermore, mass stabilization using pozzolanic material also could improve strength development of peat soil. In this research, the pozzolanic material in the form of geopolymer hybrid or geopolymer with the addition of Ordinary Portland Cement was investigated. Geopolymer was produced by activating fly ash with a combination of NaOH and sodium silicate. OPC addition improves initial strength and assists geopolymerization at ambient temperature. Variables studied were binder content and a percentage of OPC, and percentage of fly ash. Unconfined Compressive Stress (UCS) at 7 days was measured for all specimens. Mass stabilization using fly ash geopolymer hybrid could improve strength development of peat soil.

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22

Yin, Haibin, Jianping Zhu, Xuemao Guan, et al. "Effect of MXene (Nano-Ti3C2) on Early-Age Hydration of Cement Paste." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/430578.

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As a new two-dimensional material, MXene (nano-Ti3C2) has been widely applied in many fields, especially for reinforced composite materials. In this paper, mechanical testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydration heat, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and EDS analysis were used to analyze the impact of MXene on cement hydration properties. The obtained results revealed that (a) MXene could greatly improve the early compressive strength of cement paste with 0.04 wt% concentration, (b) the phase type of early-age hydration products has not been changed after the addition of MXene, (c) hydration exothermic rate within 72 h has small difference at different amount of MXene, and (d) morphologies of hydration products were varied with the dosage of MXene, a lot of tufted ettringites appeared in 3 d hydration products when the content of MXene was 0.04 wt%, which will have a positive effect on improving the early mechanical properties of cement paste. MXene has inhibited the Portland cement hydration process; the main role of MXene in the cement hydration process is to promote the messy ettringite becoming regular distribution at a node and form network connection structure in the crystals growth process, making the mechanics performance of cement paste significantly improved.

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23

Du, Yinfei, Lingxiang Kong, and Tangzhong Wei. "Laboratory Investigation into Early-Age Strength Improvement of Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixture Containing Asphalt Emulsion and Cement." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (June 12, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7274204.

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Cold recycled asphalt mixture (CRAM) has been reported to be able to provide a cleaner method to rehabilitate damaged asphalt pavement. This work used the CRAM containing emulsified asphalt (AE) and cement to investigate the methods of improving its early-age strength by considering mixture composition, including the types of AE and cement and the contents of AE, cement, and moisture. The curing conditions, such as temperature and humidity, were also involved. The results show that the mixture should be carefully designed to determine optimum AE and moisture content. Also, high cement content was helpful to increase the early-age strength. By changing the curing environment, it was found that raising curing temperature and applying a relatively low humidity contributed to the early-age strength improvement. The interaction of cement hydration and AE demulsification was investigated using microimage and laboratory experiments. The results show that AE particles were easy to cluster because of the negative ions released by cement hydration. AE delayed the early cement hydration but improved the later intensity of cement hydration. The coupling effect of AE and cement resulted in higher early-age strength than those of the mixtures only with cement or only with AE. The results presented in this work are expected to give guidance for preparing a CRAM with high early-age strength.

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24

Fang, Yong Hao, Zheng Long Lu, and Zhong Li Wang. "FT-IR Study on Early-Age Hydration of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.429.

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The hydration process of alkali-activated slag cement, especially at early-age, was studied by FT-IR, compared with that of Portland cement. The results show that during the hydration of alkali activated slag cement, two processes have taken place, the dissolution of Al3+ from the slag and then the recombination of Al3+ ions with the silicate anions. The former associated with the break of the glass network of slag and the later with the re-polymerization of the silicate and aluminosilicate anions. The rate of break of the glass network increases with the dosage of water glass, which completed in 24 h when the dosage of the water glass solution equivalent to Na2O exceeds 6% of the slag powder. It is confirmed by the IR study that Ca(OH)2 is absent in the hardened alkali activated slag cement paste.

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25

Li, Guo, En Li Lu, Peng Wang, Ou Geng, and Yong Sheng Ji. "Influences of Initial Curing Conditions on the Microstructure of Fly Ash Cement System." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.532.

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In order to study the influences of initial curing conditions on fly ash (FA) cement concrete durability, fly ash cement samples with 30% replacement ratio were fabricated and cured in water at 10°C, 20°C, 30°Cand 40°C for 3d, 7d, 14d and 28d respectively. Hydration degrees of fly ash at early age were measured using the selective dissolve method. Correspondingly the pore structure and morphology of FA-cement mortar and compared cement mortar were studied by using MIP and SEM methods. Then early age compressive strengths of FA-cement concrete and compared normal cement concrete were tested. Experimental results show that initial curing temperatures and ages are important factors to fly ash early age hydration degree, FA-cement system microstructure, morphology and early age compressive strength etc. High curing temperatures and longer curing time can lead higher fly ash hydration degree, and then higher compressive strength of FA-cement concrete, and make the micro-structures of fly ash-cement system denser.

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26

Wang, Junjie, and Engui Liu. "Upcycling waste seashells with cement: Rheology and early-age properties of Portland cement paste." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 155 (April 2020): 104680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104680.

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27

Bentz, Dale P., Max A. Peltz, and John Winpigler. "Early-Age Properties of Cement-Based Materials. II: Influence of Water-to-Cement Ratio." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 21, no. 9 (2009): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2009)21:9(512).

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28

ISHIDA, Satoshi, Shin-ichi IGARASHI, and Yuki KOIKE. "EFFECTS OF EARLY-AGE CARBONATION ON MECANICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT PASTES AND CONCRETES." Cement Science and Concrete Technology 65, no. 1 (2011): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.65.282.

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29

TAKAHASHI, Keisuke, and Thomas BIER. "EFFECTS OF MIXING ACTION AND CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES ON EARLY-AGE SHRINKAGE OF CEMENT-BASED MORTARS." Cement Science and Concrete Technology 70, no. 1 (2016): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.70.244.

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30

Wang, Saisai, Jian Chen, and Xiaodong Wen. "Life Prediction Model of Mineral Admixture Cement Based-Materials under Early Age CO2-Erosion." Coatings 11, no. 4 (2021): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040413.

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Most of the existing models of structural life prediction in early carbonized environment are based on accelerated erosion after standard 28 days of cement-based materials, while cement-based materials in actual engineering are often exposed to air too early. These result in large predictions of the life expectancy of mineral-admixture cement-based materials under early CO2-erosion and affecting the safe use of structures. To this end, different types of mineral doped cement-based material test pieces are formed, and early CO2-erosion experimental tests are carried out. On the basis of the analysis of the existing model, the influence coefficient of CO2-erosion of the mineral admixture Km is introduced, the relevant function is given, and the life prediction model of the mineral admixture cement-based material under the early CO2-erosion is established and the model parameters are determined by using the particle group algorithm (PSO). It has good engineering applicability and guiding significance.

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31

Klemczak, Barbara, Maciej Batog, Zbigniew Giergiczny, and Aneta Żmij. "Complex Effect of Concrete Composition on the Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Mass Concrete." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112207.

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The current work presents the complex investigation of the influence of cement and aggregate type on the thermo-mechanical behavior of mass concrete. Six types of cement with different amounts of non-clinker constituents and four types of aggregates are used in experimental tests. Particular attention was given to the low clinker cements with high amounts of siliceous fly ash and ground blast furnace slag. The experimental research covered the determination of thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of early age concrete with different constituents. Experimental results have been used both to validate the numerical model and analysis of exemplary foundation slab. The results confirm the importance of the concrete mix composition and it has been shown that the early-age volume deformation and possible cracking is the result of the concerted action of thermal and mechanical properties of concrete. The obtained results indicate granite as the best aggregate for mass concrete. Considering the type of cement, much better behaviour of mass concrete has been noted for cements with fly ash and composite cements containing both fly ash and slags than cements only with slag.

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32

Sprince, Andina, and Leonids Pakrastinsh. "Case Study on Early Age Shrinkage of Cement-based Composites." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 8, 2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol2.863.

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The aim of this paper was to study the behaviour of new high-performance fibre-reinforced cement composite materials (FRCC) that are reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres. The shrinkage deformations at early age, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the new compositions had been determined. Test results shows that the addition of PVA fiber 1.10% and 0.55% by weight of the cement has negligible influence on concrete drying shrinkage, however, it is affect the concrete plastic and autogenous shrinkage. The results of the experiments permitted the prediction of long-term deformations of the concrete. Wider use of this material permit the construction of sustainable next generation structures with thin walls and large spans that cannot be built using the traditional concrete.

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33

WANG, Xingang, Xingjing WANG, Yuhao XIE, and Wei XU. "Early Age Strength Healing Effect of Cementitious Composite Incorporated Self-Healing Microcapsule." Materials Science 27, no. 2 (2021): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.22841.

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Received 27 February 2019; accepted 02 September 2019 This paper aims to explore early age strength healing effect of cementitious composite incorporated self-healing microcapsule and curing activity of self-healing microcapsule. Particle characteristic of the microcapsule and micromorphology of cement paste incorporated the microcapsule were characterized by SEM. Curing activity of the microcapsule was analyzed by macroscopic solidification test, DSC and TGA. The influence factors of early age strength healing ratio in cementitious composite incorporated self-healing microcapsule were studied. The results showed that epoxy resin microcapsule had favorable micromorphology. Epoxy resin microcapsule core material had good curing activity and possessed the ability to play the healing role in cementitious composite. Healing temperature and healing age had less impact on the healing effect of the microcapsule in cementitious composite. The microcapsule could be kept good shape in cement paste and combined with cement paste closely. The microcapsule also could rupture and had better dispersion in cement paste. The main fracture behavior of the microcapsule was based on small hole ruptured when cement paste did not occur macro damage. When pre-loading was 0.75 σmax, the particle size of microcapsules was range from 75 μm to 150 μm, proportion of epoxy curing agent was 20 % and proportion of the microcapsule was 6 %, early age strength healing ratio reached the highest of 24.1 %.

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34

Wang, Weikang, Xuanchun Wei, Xinhua Cai, Hongyang Deng, and Bokang Li. "Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Exposed to Early-Age Carbonation Curing." Materials 14, no. 13 (2021): 3515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133515.

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The early-age carbonation curing technique is an effective way to improve the performance of cement-based materials and reduce their carbon footprint. This work investigates the early mechanical properties and microstructure of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement specimens under early-age carbonation curing, considering five factors: briquetting pressure, water–binder (w/b) ratio, starting point of carbonation curing, carbonation curing time, and carbonation curing pressure. The carbonization process and performance enhancement mechanism of CSA cement are analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that early-age carbonation curing can accelerate the hardening speed of CSA cement paste, reduce the cumulative porosity of the cement paste, refine the pore diameter distribution, and make the pore diameter distribution more uniform, thus greatly improving the early compressive strength of the paste. The most favorable w/b ratio for the carbonization reaction of CSA cement paste is between 0.15 and 0.2; the most suitable carbonation curing starting time point is 4 h after initial hydration; the carbonation curing pressure should be between 3 and 4 bar; and the most appropriate time for carbonation curing is between 6 and 12 h.

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Do, Huy Quang, Shashank Bishnoi, and Karen Louise Scrivener. "Microstructural modelling of autogenous shrinkage in Portland cement paste at early age." Engineering Computations 37, no. 9 (2020): 3171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2019-0353.

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Purpose This paper aims to develop a numerical, micromechanical model to predict the evolution of autogenous shrinkage of hydrating cement paste at early age (up to 7 days). Autogeneous shrinkage can be important in high-performance concrete characterized by low water to cement (w/c) ratios. The occurrence of this phenomenon during the first few days of hardening may result in early-age cracking in concrete structures. A good prediction of autogeneous shrinkage is necessary to achieve better understanding of the mechanisms and the deployment of effective measures to prevent early-age cracking. Design/methodology/approach Three-dimensional digital microstructures from the hydration modelling platform μic of cement paste were used to simulate macroscopic autogenous shrinkage based on the mechanism of capillary tension. Elastic and creep properties of the digital microstructures were calculated by means of finite element (FE) method homogenization. Autogenous shrinkage was then estimated as the average hydrostatic strain resulting from the capillary stress that was globally applied on the simulated digital microstructures. For this estimation, two approaches of homogenization technique, i.e. analytical poro-elasticity and numerical creep-superposition were used. Findings The comparisons of between the simulated and experimentally measured deformations indicate that the creep-superposition approach is more reasonable to estimate shrinkage at different water to cement ratios. It was found that better estimations could be obtained at low degrees of hydration, by assuming a loosely packed calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) growing in the microstructures. The simulation results show how numerical models can be used to upscale from microscopic characteristics of phases to macroscopic composite properties such as elasticity, creep and shrinkage. Research limitations/implications While the good predictions of some cement paste properties from the microstructure at early age were obtained, the current models have several limitations that are needed to overcome in the future. Firstly, the limitation of pore-structure representation is not only from lack understanding of C-S-H structure but also from the computational complexity. Secondly, the models do not consider early-age expansion that usually happens in practice and appears to be superimposed on an underlying shrinkage as observed in experiments. Thirdly, the simplified assumptions for mechanical simulation do not accurately reflect the solid–liquid interactions in the real partially saturated system, for example, the globally applying capillary stress on the boundary of the microstructure to find the effective deformation, neglecting water flow and the pore pressure. Last but not least, the models, due to the computational complexities, use many simplifications such as FE approximation, mechanical phase properties and creep statistical data. Originality/value This study holistically tackles the phenomenon of autogeneous shrinkage through microstructural modelling. In a first such attempt, the authors have used the same microstructural model to simulate the microstructural development, elastic properties, creep and autogeneous shrinkage. The task of putting these models together was not simple. The authors have successfully handled several problems at each step in an elegant manner. For example, although several earlier studies have pointed out that discrete models are unable to capture the late setting times of cements due to mesh effects, this study offers the most effective solution yet on the problem. It is also the first time that creep and shrinkage have been modelled on a young evolving microstructure that is subjected to a time variable load.

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KURUMISAWA, Kiyofumi, and Kyoji TANAKA. "CHANGE OF PORE STRUCTURE OF HARDENED CEMENT IN EARLY AGE." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 66, no. 544 (2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.66.1_6.

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SILVA, J., M. AZENHA, A. G. CORREIA, and C. FERREIRA. "Continuous stiffness assessment of cement-stabilised soils from early age." Géotechnique 63, no. 16 (2013): 1419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.13.p.021.

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Beaudoin, J. J., and B. T. Tamtsia. "Early age strain recovery of hardened cement paste?microstructural factors." Advances in Cement Research 15, no. 2 (2003): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.15.2.51.36728.

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Beaudoin, J. J., and B. T. Tamtsia. "Early age strain recovery of hardened cement paste—microstructural factors." Advances in Cement Research 15, no. 2 (2003): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.2003.15.2.51.

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Do, Quang Huy, Shashank Bishnoi, and Karen L. Scrivener. "Microstructural Modeling of Early-Age Creep in Hydrating Cement Paste." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 142, no. 11 (2016): 04016086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001144.

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Kucharczykova, B., and D. Kocab. "Early-age behaviour of cement-based self-leveling flooring compounds." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 385 (July 2018): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/385/1/012032.

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Bentz, Dale P., Chiara F. Ferraris, Scott Z. Jones, Didier Lootens, and Franco Zunino. "Limestone and silica powder replacements for cement: Early-age performance." Cement and Concrete Composites 78 (April 2017): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.01.001.

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Bentz, D. P. "A review of early-age properties of cement-based materials." Cement and Concrete Research 38, no. 2 (2008): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.09.005.

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Millard, M. J., and K. E. Kurtis. "Effects of lithium nitrate admixture on early-age cement hydration." Cement and Concrete Research 38, no. 4 (2008): 500–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.11.009.

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Gallucci, E., P. Mathur, and K. Scrivener. "Microstructural development of early age hydration shells around cement grains." Cement and Concrete Research 40, no. 1 (2010): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.09.015.

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Briki, Yosra, Maciej Zajac, Mohsen Ben Haha, and Karen Scrivener. "Impact of limestone fineness on cement hydration at early age." Cement and Concrete Research 147 (September 2021): 106515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106515.

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Joseph, Al-Bahar, Chakkamalayath, Al-Arbeed, and Rasheed. "Monitoring of Early and Late Age Hydration Products of Volcanic Ash Blended Cement Paste." Proceedings 34, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019034009.

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One of the major concerns of concrete industries is to develop materials that consume less natural virgin resources and energy to make sustainable construction practices. Efforts have been made and even implemented to use the waste/by product materials such as fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolana as a partial or complete replacement for Portland cement in concrete mixtures. The deterioration of concrete structures in the existing hot and cold climates of Gulf Cooperation Council countries, along with chloride and sulphate attack, demands the use of pozzolanic materials for concrete construction. Volcanic ash incorporated cement based concretes are known for its better performance in terms of strength and durability in harsh marine environments. Understanding the cement hydration process and characterizing the hydration products in microstructural level is a complex and interdependent process that allows one to design complex mix proportions to produce sustainable concrete materials. In this paper, the early and late age hydration behavior along with micro- and pore structure of cement paste samples prepared with locally available ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and volcanic ash (VA) obtained from Saudi Arabia was monitored using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric (TGA) and N2-Adsorption analysis. The hydration progress of cement paste samples with different combinations of OPC and VA (0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%) at a w/c ratio of 0.45 after 14, 28, and 90 days were discussed. The qualitative XRD and SEM of cement paste samples showed no new phases were formed during the course of hydration. The disappearance of portlandite with increase in VA content was due to both pozzolanic effect and dilution effect. This was further confirmed quantitatively by the TGA observations that the samples with VA contain less Ca(OH)2 compared to the control specimens. N2 adsorption experiments after 90 days of curing showed larger hysteresis as the VA content increases. The studies show that the incorporation of volcanic ash certainly contributes to the generation of C-S-H and hence the cement hydration progress, especially in the later ages through pozzolanic reactions. A 15–25 % volcanic ash blended cement paste samples showed compact and denser morphological features, which will be highly detrimental for the durability performances.

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Rahhal, Viviana Fátima, Mónica Adriana Trezza, Alejandra Tironi, et al. "Complex Characterization and Behavior of Waste Fired Brick Powder-Portland Cement System." Materials 12, no. 10 (2019): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101650.

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Two waste fired brick powders coming from brick factories located in Argentine and Czech Republic were examined as alternative mineral admixtures for the production of blended cements. In pastes composition, local Portland cements (Argentine and Czech) were substituted with 8–40%, by mass, with powdered ceramic waste. For the ceramic waste-Portland cement system, workability, the heat released, pozzolanity, specific density, compressive strength, hydrated phases, porosity, and pore size distribution were tested. The relevance of the dilution effect, filler effect, and pozzolanic activity was analyzed to describe the general behavior of the pozzolan/cement system. The properties and performance of cement blends made with finely ground brick powder depended on the composition of ceramic waste and its reactivity, the plain cement used, and the replacement level. Results showed that the initial mini-slump was not affected by a low ceramic waste replacement (8% and 16%), and then it was decreased with an increase in the ceramic waste content. Brick powder behaved as a filler at early ages, but when the hydration proceeded, its pozzolanic activity consumed partially the calcium hydroxide and promoted the formation of hydrated calcium aluminates depending on the age and present carbonates. Finally, blended cements with fired brick powder had low compressive strength at early ages but comparable strength-class at later age.

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Qin, Ling, Xiaojian Gao, and Ailian Zhang. "Potential application of Portland cement-calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends to avoid early age frost damage." Construction and Building Materials 190 (November 2018): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.136.

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Omelchuk, Vladyslav, Guang Ye, Rayisa Runova, and Igor I. Rudenko. "Shrinkage Behavior of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Pastes." Key Engineering Materials 761 (January 2018): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.761.45.

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Nowadays, alkali-activated cements (AACs) are the most promising alternatives to ordinary portland cement (OPC). Such cements characterized by better strength and corrosion resistance that determine improved durability of materials based on them. However, the shrinkage of AAC systems is noticeably higher compared with OPC. The purpose of this work was to study the shrinkage behavior of alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) pastes. To improve early age performance of AASCs – OPC and Ca(OH)2, as mineral additives, were added to the designed cement mixtures. The properties, like, flexural and compressive strength of cement mortars, chemical shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage of cement pastes were studied. The results showed that the chemical shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage at 28 days were between 0.064 – 0.074 ml/g, 4.5 – 7.9 mm/m and 3.3 – 4.9 mm/m, respectively. The relationship between the nature of alkaline components, the type of mineral additives and the shrinkage behavior of cements were discussed.

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