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Journal articles on the topic 'Early balanced bilingual'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Han, Seunghee. "How does the language acquisition period affect simultaneous interpreters’ language processing?" APTIF 9 - Reality vs. Illusion 66, no. 4-5 (2020): 570–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00177.han.

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Abstract This study aims to identify the similarities and differences in cognitive-psychological semantic (Translation Equivalent) mapping employed by early, and late balanced bilinguals at the adult level. The subjects of lexical-semantic recognition tasks were limited to fourth-semester learners at graduate school of interpreting and translation to analyze the effect that the L2 acquisition period (or Age of Acquisition, AOA) and immersive education may have on cross-language processing among highly-proficient bilinguals. The experimental words were composed of non-cognate abstract words wit

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Schröter, Pauline, and Sascha Schroeder. "Exploring early language detection in balanced bilingual children: The impact of language-specificity on cross-linguistic nonword recognition." International Journal of Bilingualism 22, no. 3 (2016): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006916672751.

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Aims and objectives: Recent findings on the mechanisms of lexical access suggest that bilinguals are sensitive to the orthographic structure of their languages. Several studies have demonstrated that if presented with language-specific sub-lexical information, bilingual adults use this information to speed up word recognition, which provides evidence for language-selective lexical access. In the present study, we investigated the presence of such an early language detection mechanism in children. Methodology: Forty-six balanced bilingual third-graders performed two seemingly monolingual lexica

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Ural, Onur, and Kenan Dikilitas. "Identity Formation and Career Prospects of Bilingual Professionals: Blending Language Skills to Create Novel Applications to Career Pursuits." Sustainable Multilingualism 21, no. 1 (2022): 56–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2022-0013.

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Summary The most widely believed misconception about bilingualism purports that exposure to a second language within the community will automatically yield bilingual children, who can apply their balanced language skills in every domain of their future employment. However, this misconception does not represent the real-life experiences of most bilinguals. Through a pivotal focus on individual cases, this study was designed to manifest (1) bilingual identity formation and (2) career prospects of early and sequential bilinguals. The study analyzed collected data from individual surveys and in-pe

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Solís-Barroso, Cecilia, and Sara Stefanich. "Measuring Language Dominance in Early Spanish/English Bilinguals." Languages 4, no. 3 (2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4030062.

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This paper analyzes the comparability of language dominance assessments with the purpose of determining whether they yield similar results. Language dominance is an important construct in the field of bilingualism as it allows for a more thorough classification of bilinguals and is thought to play a role in both bilingual production and perception. Yet, there is no unified methodology for assessing language dominance. To that end, we ask the following research question: Do different language dominance measures predict the results of one another? Twenty-nine Spanish/English early bilinguals com

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Malik-Moraleda, Saima, Theodor Cucu, Benjamin Lipkin, and Evelina Fedorenko. "The Domain-General Multiple Demand Network Is More Active in Early Balanced Bilinguals Than Monolinguals During Executive Processing." Neurobiology of Language 2, no. 4 (2021): 647–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00058.

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Abstract The bilingual experience may place special cognitive demands on speakers and has been argued to lead to improvements in domain-general executive abilities, like cognitive control and working memory. Such improvements have been argued for based on both behavioral and brain imaging evidence. However, the empirical landscape is complex and ridden with controversy. Here we attempt to shed light on this question through an fMRI investigation of relatively large, relatively homogeneous, and carefully matched samples of early balanced bilinguals (n = 55) and monolinguals (n = 54), using robu

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Malik-Moraleda, Saima, Theodor Cucu, Benjamin Lipkin, and Evelina Fedorenko. "The Domain-General Multiple Demand Network Is More Active in Early Balanced Bilinguals Than Monolinguals During Executive Processing." Neurobiology of Language 2, no. 4 (2021): 647–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00058.

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Abstract The bilingual experience may place special cognitive demands on speakers and has been argued to lead to improvements in domain-general executive abilities, like cognitive control and working memory. Such improvements have been argued for based on both behavioral and brain imaging evidence. However, the empirical landscape is complex and ridden with controversy. Here we attempt to shed light on this question through an fMRI investigation of relatively large, relatively homogeneous, and carefully matched samples of early balanced bilinguals (n = 55) and monolinguals (n = 54), using robu

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Cieślicka, Anna B., and Brenda L. Guerrero. "Emotion Word Processing in Immersed Spanish-English/English-Spanish Bilinguals: An ERP Study." Languages 8, no. 1 (2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8010042.

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We conducted a lexical decision task to measure Spanish-English/English-Spanish bilinguals’ behavioral (RT) and electrophysiological (EPN, Early Posterior Negativity and LPC, Late Positive Complex) responses to English emotion words and their Spanish translation equivalents. Bilingual participants varied in age of acquisition (AoA of Spanish/English: early, late), language status (L1 Spanish, L1 English) and language dominance (English-dominant, Spanish-dominant, balanced) but were all highly immersed bicultural individuals, uniformly more proficient in English than Spanish. Behavioral data sh

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Chrysochoou, Elisavet, Styliani Kanaki, and Ana B. Vivas. "Executive functions in French-Greek early bilinguals: In search of the suggested bilingual advantage." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 25, no. 2 (2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.25588.

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Bilinguals must manage two languages on a daily basis, which requires, among other things, dealing with cross-linguistic interference. Such cognitive training is assumed to underlie better performance of bilinguals, relative to monolinguals, in non-verbal cognitive tasks. Ηowever, the suggested advantage has recently been questioned. The present study aimed at shedding light into this debate, focusing on French-Greek early bilingual adults. Exposure to two languages from the first few years of life has been suggested to favour the demonstration of an advantage. Bilinguals were compared to Gree

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Coutsougera, Photini. "Code-switching in the speech of a balanced infant bilingual and early talker." Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech 6, no. 1 (2024): 44–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmbs.22392.

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This case study investigates codeswitching in infant bilingualism and may be of special interest due to the fact that its participant is an early talker and a balanced bilingual. Drawing on English/Greek child data, it studies the relationship between language competence and type of code-switching from a developmental perspective, and aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of code-switching in infant bilinguals. Code-switching was facilitated by an early onset of syntax and is interpreted as an outcome of the child’s growing grammatical and pragmatic competence, rather than of a lack of

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Asli-Badarneh, Abeer, and Mark Leikin. "Morphological ability among monolingual and bilingual speakers in early childhood: The case of two Semitic languages." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 5 (2018): 1087–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918781079.

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This study examines the possible effects of bilingualism, mother tongue and type of morphology on morphological awareness of Arabic- and Hebrew-speaking preschoolers (mean age – 5:4). Four groups of children participated in the study: (1) 50 Arabic-speaking monolingual speakers; (2) 50 Hebrew-speaking monolingual speakers; (3) 50 Arabic/Hebrew bilingual speakers; and (4) 50 Hebrew/Arabic bilingual speakers. Participants from the bilingual groups were sequential non-balanced bilingual speakers who started learning a second language at ages 3–4 in a bilingual Arabic/Hebrew kindergarten. All chil

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Alipour, Javad, Amir Mohammad Safavizade, and Mahmood Hashemian. "impact of age of onset on bilinguals’ task switching performance in a nonimmigration context." Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech 5, no. 2 (2023): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmbs.23808.

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It is not clear whether bilingualism leads to task switching benefits in single-language nonimmigration contexts, as in dual-language and code-switching immigration contexts. Ninety young Persian-speaking monolingual and bilingual adults reported their language proficiency and use, with the early bilinguals indicating a balanced rating for their L1 and L2, and late bilinguals reporting slightly higher ratings for L1, relative to L2. Concerning the onset age of bilingualism, the bilinguals were classified as early and late bilinguals according to whether they initiated active regular use of the

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BAILEY, CASSANDRA, AMANDA VENTA, and HILLARY LANGLEY. "The bilingual [dis]advantage." Language and Cognition 12, no. 2 (2020): 225–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2019.43.

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ABSTRACTMost assessments of cognitive abilities are language bound (e.g., directions presented orally or written), even when not assessing linguistic ability. Understanding the relationship between bilingual language acquisition and outcomes on tests of cognitive abilities is critical, given the reliance on intelligence assessment for learning disability accommodations and intellectual disability diagnoses. Research has been mixed regarding the presence of a bilingual advantage or disadvantage on cognitive performance. Thus, the purpose of this review is to examine differences between several

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Perpiñán, Silvia. "Catalan-Spanish bilingualism continuum." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7, no. 5 (2016): 477–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.15004.per.

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Abstract This study investigates the expression of Catalan clitics en and hi, which have no grammatical equivalent in Spanish, in the adult grammar of Catalan-Spanish early bilinguals. Participants (N = 57), born and raised in Catalonia, are divided into 3 groups according to their onset of acquisition and language use: Spanish-dominant (n = 20), Balanced Bilinguals (n = 15) and Catalan-dominant (n = 22). The results of an Acceptability Judgment Task and an Elicited Production Task indicated that Spanish-dominant bilinguals have a divergent grammar compared to that of the Catalan-dominant spea

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Eckhaus, Rebekka. "Early mixing in a Spanish-English simultaneous bilingual in a Japanese context at age 2;4." Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech 5, no. 3 (2024): 306–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmbs.23536.

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Early language mixing has often been interpreted as bilinguals’ inability to separate languages, although more recent research suggests that young bilingual children have the ability in production. This study analyzes the mixing patterns of Jun, a Spanish-English simultaneous bilingual being raised in a Japanese societal context. Spontaneous speech data have been analyzed from two hours of video recordings, of four family conversations at age 2;4 [years;months], a period at which syntax should be emerging. The investigation found that Jun, prior to acquiring verb inflection, consistently speak

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Grabovac, Melisa, and Oleksandr Kapranov. "Syntactic complexity at the intermediate level in EFL writing by early balanced bilinguals." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 3, no. 1 (2016): 55–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60179.

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<strong>Abstract</strong><strong>. </strong>The present article involves an empirical psycholinguistic study aimed at examining syntactic complexity in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) by early balanced Bosnian/Swedish bilingual EFL learners. 15 early balanced bilingual Bosnian/Swedish EFL learners were recruited for the study and matched with their respective control groups of intermediate EFL learners (15 speakers of Bosnian as their first language (L1) and 15 speakers of Swedish as their L1). The experimental task involved an unprepared writing assignment in English about the most signif

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Flecken, Monique. "Assessing bilingual attainment: macrostructural planning in narratives." International Journal of Bilingualism 15, no. 2 (2011): 164–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006910381187.

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The present study addresses questions concerning bilinguals’ attainment in the two languages by investigating the extent to which early bilinguals manage to apply the information structure required in each language when producing a complex text. In re-narrating the content of a film, speakers have to break down the perceived series of dynamic situations and structure relevant information into units that are suited for linguistic expression. The analysis builds on typological studies of Germanic and Romance languages which investigate the role of grammaticized concepts in determining core featu

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Piccinini, Page, and Amalia Arvaniti. "Dominance, mode, and individual variation in bilingual speech production and perception." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 9, no. 4-5 (2019): 628–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.17027.pic.

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Abstract Early Spanish-English bilinguals and English controls were tested on the production and perception of negative, short-lag, and long-lag Voice Onset Time (VOT), VOT types spanning the Spanish and English phonetic categories: phonologically, negative and short-lag VOT stops are distinct phonemes in Spanish, but realizations of voiced stops in English. Dominance was critical: more English-dominant bilinguals produced more short-lag VOT stops in response to negative VOT stimuli, and were also less accurate than more balanced bilinguals at discriminating negative from short-lag VOT. Biling

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Desjardins, Jamie L., and Francisco Fernandez. "Performance on Auditory and Visual Tasks of Inhibition in English Monolingual and Spanish–English Bilingual Adults: Do Bilinguals Have a Cognitive Advantage?" Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 2 (2018): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-17-0160.

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Purpose Bilingual individuals have been shown to be more proficient on visual tasks of inhibition compared with their monolingual counterparts. However, the bilingual advantage has not been evidenced in all studies, and very little is known regarding how bilingualism influences inhibitory control in the perception of auditory information. The purpose of the current study was to examine inhibition of irrelevant information using auditory and visual tasks in English monolingual and Spanish–English bilingual adults. Method Twenty English monolinguals and 19 early balanced Spanish–English bilingua

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Desjardins, Jamie L., Ashley Bangert, and Ninive Gomez. "What Does Language Have to Do With It? The Impact of Age and Bilingual Experience on Inhibitory Control in an Auditory Dichotic Listening Task." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 5 (2020): 1581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00238.

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Purpose The purpose of the current study was to examine inhibition of irrelevant information in younger and older English monolingual and Spanish–English bilingual adults. Method Sixty-one participants divided into four groups: 15 younger English monolinguals, 16 younger Spanish–English bilinguals, 15 older English monolinguals, and 15 older Spanish–English bilinguals participated in this study. Younger participants were 18–25 years of age, and older participants were 47–62 years of age. Bilingual participants had learned Spanish from birth and began learning English by the age of 3 years old

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Меліса Грабовач and Капранов Олександр. "Syntactic Complexity at the Intermediate Level in EFL Writing by Early Balanced Bilinguals." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 3, no. 1 (2016): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2016.3.1.gra.

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The present article involves an empirical psycholinguistic study aimed at examining syntactic complexity in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) by early balanced Bosnian/Swedish bilingual EFL learners. 15 early balanced bilingual Bosnian/Swedish EFL learners were recruited for the study and matched with their respective control groups of intermediate EFL learners (15 speakers of Bosnian as their first language (L1) and 15 speakers of Swedish as their L1). The experimental task involved an unprepared writing assignment in English about the most significant invention of the 20th century. The cor

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Rasool, Ushba, Muhammad Hammad Hussain Shah, Rehan Muhammad, Min Gao, Huang Wang, and Babar Nawaz Abbasi. "Engaging in language therapy to enhance the proficiency of simultaneous bilingualism: A case study of a multilingual child." Applied Psychology Research 3, no. 1 (2024): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.59400/apr.v3i1.1339.

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Bilingualism and multilingualism are no longer exceptional occurrences on today’s globe; instead, they have become the prevailing standards in cultures worldwide. Individuals can become bilingual by either simultaneous acquisition of two languages from childhood or sequential acquisition over time as bilinguals. The primary objective of this study is to determine the role of language therapists in assisting parents and teachers in optimizing the dual-language proficiency of young children. This case study was conducted to investigate this matter, and it was determined that a balanced utilizati

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Khotinets, Vera, Evgeniya Shishova, Enge Zinnurova, et al. "The Development of Cognitive Regulation in Connection with the Communicative Competence of Monolingual and Balanced Bilingual Children." Education & Self Development 17, no. 3 (2022): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/esd.17.3.22.

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Preschool age is the most favorable period for mastering languages due to a number of psychological factors. This is the age of potential children's opportunities, the period of intensive development of language abilities. Therefore, an indispensable pedagogical condition for the development of early bilingualism is the creation of a favorable educational environment for children. The aim of the study is to study the development of cognitive regulation in connection with the communicative competence of balanced bilinguals (Tatar / Russian) and monolinguals (Russian), whose socialization is car

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MEISEL, JÜRGEN M. "The weaker language in early child bilingualism: Acquiring a first language as a second language?" Applied Psycholinguistics 28, no. 3 (2007): 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716407070270.

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Past research demonstrates that first language (L1)-like competence in each language can be attained in simultaneous acquisition of bilingualism by mere exposure to the target languages. The question is whether this is also true for the “weaker” language (WL). The WL hypothesis claims that the WL differs fundamentally from monolingual L1 and balanced bilingual L1 and resembles second language (L2) acquisition. In this article, these claims are put to a test by analyzing “unusual” constructions in WLs, possibly indicating acquisition failure, and by reporting on analyses of the use of French by

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Lallier, Marie, Joana Acha, and Manuel Carreiras. "Cross-linguistic interactions influence reading development in bilinguals: a comparison between early balanced French-Basque and Spanish-Basque bilingual children." Developmental Science 19, no. 1 (2015): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12290.

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GIBSON, TODD A., and CONNIE SUMMERS. "Polysyllabic shortening in speakers exposed to two languages." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21, no. 3 (2018): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918000068.

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Polysyllabic shortening is used to maintain stress-timed rhythm in English, but used negligibly in Spanish. It is unknown how polysyllabic shortening is influenced when individuals are exposed to one language that employs it and one that does not. We calculated polysyllabic shortening for 35 functionally monolingual English-speaking adults and 19 relatively balanced Spanish–English bilingual peers who repeated English and Spanish nonwords. Results showed that speech motor patterns learned early in life might be sufficient to block cross-linguistic transfer of polysyllabic shortening despite li

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Kapranov, Oleksandr. "Syntactic Performance in Online Written Discourse by an English/Swedish Bilingual with Asperger’s Syndrome: A Case Study." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 1, no. 1 (2014): 74–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.45785.

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<strong>Abstract</strong>. The present article described syntactic performance by an English/Swedish bilingual participant with Asperger syndrome. The participant’s syntactic performance was investigated by means of observing the participant’s status updates onFacebook, a social networking platform. Two observation sessions involved one week each, with the interval of six months between the sessions.It was theorised that the bilingual participant’s syntactic performance would be exacerbated by code-switching. The participant’s data were tagged in computer software CLAN.

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Yañez, J., M. Diaz-Santos, E. Rodes, et al. "C-14 Socially Responsible Neuropsychology (SRN) in Action: Assessment of a Highly Educated Bilingual Latina Older Adult." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (2019): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.176.

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Abstract Objective Early identification of cognitive symptoms pathognomonic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in highly educated bilingual adults remains challenging. We present a clinical case illustrating the application of an SRN model in a 70-year-old highly educated, balanced bilingual Latina eventually diagnosed with moderate-severe stages of AD following an event of severe confusion and disorientation. Method An SRN model was applied to promote equitable care through evidence-based consideration of cognitive aging-reserve and its putative manifestation in neurodegenerative disorders. The pati

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Khotinets, Vera, Evgeniya Shishova, Yulia Novgorodova, Daria Medvedeva, and Oksana Kozhevnikova. "Relationship of Activity Regulation Functions with Executive Functions in Junior School Children Bilingual and Monolingual at the Early Stages of Learning English." Education and Self Development 19, no. 3 (2024): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/esd.19.3.13.

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The article explores issues about the advantages and difficulties of balanced bilinguals in conditions of language entropy. The purpose of the study is to identify the connection between activity regulation functions and executive functions in primary bilingual schoolchildren at the early stage of learning English under conditions of language entropy. The psychologist's software package “Practice - MSU” was used, the results of which were processed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon T test, and structural equation modeling. Data were obtained confirming the syncretic effect of bilingualis

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Lundén, Maija, and Maarit Silvén. "Balanced communication in mid-infancy promotes early vocabulary development: effects of play with mother and father in mono- and bilingual families." International Journal of Bilingualism 15, no. 4 (2011): 535–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006911425816.

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In this longitudinal study on Finnish and Finnish-Russian families, infants’ play interaction at 7 months with each parent was observed during 5-minute play sessions ( N = 96) and predictive relations between co-regulated communication in mid-infancy and language development at 14 months were examined. Parental differences in communication were greater within the culturally diverse Finnish-Russian families than within the culturally less diverse Finnish families. Four family-level communication profiles were identified that differed with respect to how balanced, or similar, infants’ co-regulat

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Uth, Melanie. "Traces of language contact in intonation." Prosodic Issues in Language Contact Situations 16, no. 3 (2019): 353–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.00043.uth.

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Abstract This article deals with the intonational realization of contrastive focus in Yucatecan Spanish. Data from three recent elicitation studies with a total of ten bilingual speakers of Yucatecan Spanish (YS) and Yucatec Maya (YM) and five monolingual speakers of YS suggest that contrastive focus in the Yucatecan Spanish variant spoken by the Spanish-dominant and monolingual speakers is mostly signaled by means of a high pitch early in the intonation phrase (IP) followed by a fall to the final stressed syllable of a contrasted word. In this respect, the established YS variety crucially dif

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Schmidtke, Jens. "Home and Community Language Proficiency in Spanish–English Early Bilingual University Students." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 10 (2017): 2879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0341.

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Purpose This study assessed home and community language proficiency in Spanish–English bilingual university students to investigate whether the vocabulary gap reported in studies of bilingual children persists into adulthood. Method Sixty-five early bilinguals (mean age = 21 years) were assessed in English and Spanish vocabulary and verbal reasoning ability using subtests of the Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey–Revised (Schrank & Woodcock, 2009). Their English scores were compared to 74 monolinguals matched in age and level of education. Participants also completed a background questionnaire

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Mohd Noor, Norazlina. "Lexical Challenges of Islamic Concepts in Early Malay-English Dictionaries by Thomas Bowrey and William Marsden." Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu 18, no. 1 (2025): 49–72. https://doi.org/10.37052/jm.18(1)no3.

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Islamic lexicon played an important role in shaping the early Malay-English dictionaries compiled by Western scholars such as Thomas Bowrey (1659–1713) and William Marsden (1754–1836). This paper explores how these early lexicographers integrated Islamic terminology into their bilingual dictionaries, revealing Islam’s profound cultural and intellectual influence on the Malay language from the 17th to 19th century. Through a comparative analysis, this study delves into Bowrey and Marsden’s choices when documenting the following Arabic-derived terms and Islamic concepts: Allah, haram, nabi, and

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Hsu, Hsiu-ling. "Effects of Bilingualism and Trilingualism in L2 Production: Evidence from Errors and Self-Repairs in Early Balanced Bilingual and Trilingual Adults." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 43, no. 4 (2013): 357–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-013-9257-3.

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Arnaus Gil, Laia, and Amelia Jiménez-Gaspar. "Catalan as a Heritage Language in Germany." Languages 7, no. 1 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7010043.

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Germany is currently the third country with more Catalan residents mainly characterized as families with children born in Germany but raised with Catalan as heritage language (HL). Only few studies have investigated Catalan as an HL in Germany. Our study tries to fill this gap with spontaneous recordings of 16 bilingual and trilingual children (mean age 5;7). In terms of language competence (measured via MLU), balanced bilingualism is present in most children (44%), followed by those showing a dominance into German (38%). Interestingly, regarding language use (measured in w/minute), both balan

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Budiono, Gracendy Aluz Clarita. "WHEN ENGLISH LEADS: REFRAMING EYL IN THE CONTEXT OF BAHASA INDONESIA STRUGGLES AT KINDERSTATION PRIMARY." Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme 8, no. 2 (2025): 332–42. https://doi.org/10.31851/esteem.v8i2.18691.

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This study investigates the influence of the English-based International Primary Curriculum (IPC) on Indonesian language development at Kinderstation Primary, a National Plus school in Indonesia. Focusing on the dynamics of early bilingualism, it explores how the dominance of English from a young age impacts students’ linguistic equilibrium. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and parents, questionnaires, and student language samples. Findings reveal that lower-grade students (grades 1–2) remain in a transition

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Brice, Alejandro E., Christina Salnaitis, and Megan K. MacPherson. "Neural Activation in Bilinguals and Monolinguals Using a Word Identification Task." Languages 8, no. 3 (2023): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8030216.

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The study investigated word recognition during neural activation in monolinguals and bilinguals. We specifically examined word retrieval and blood-oxygenation changes in the prefrontal cortex during a code-mixed word recognition task. Participants completed a gating task incorporating monolingual sentences and Spanish-English code-mixed sentences while using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure blood-oxygenation changes. Word recognition contained four phonotactic conditions: (1) voiceless initial consonants, (2) voiced initial consonants, (3) CV-tense words, and (4) CV-lax

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Shevchuk-Kliuzheva, Olha. "THE DYNAMICS OF LANGUAGE ADAPTATION: INSIGHTS FROM UKRAINIAN REFUGEE PRESCHOOLERS IN POLISH EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ Fìlologìčna 1, no. 21(89) (2024): 250–54. https://doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2024-21(89)-250-254.

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This article delves into the intricate dynamics of language adaptation among Ukrainian preschoolers with refugee backgrounds navigating the educational landscape in Poland. Focusing on the acquisition of Polish language skills through structured learning and interactions with native speakers, the study underscores the pivotal role of family language policies and the linguistic milieu within migrant households. Central to the analysis is the linguistic background of Ukrainian preschoolers, predominantly characterized by Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism, thus fostering early childhood trilingualis

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Stahnke, Johanna. "The Acquisition of French Determiners by Bilingual Children: A Prosodic Account." Languages 7, no. 3 (2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030200.

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The present longitudinal study investigates the acquisition of determiners (articles) in two simultaneously bilingual French-Italian children aged 1;6,12 until 3;5,17, one of them being French-dominant and the other one being Italian-dominant. Although French and Italian determiners and determiner phrases share some syntactic aspects, they largely differ with respect to noun length and lexical stress in the nominal domain. Prosody is expected to be a decisive factor in the early prosodification of determiners by French-Italian bilinguals. The analysis of more than 4500 noun phrases yields diff

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Kapranov, Oleksandr. "Discourse markers in online writing by early balanced English/Italian bilinguals." Brno studies in English, no. 2 (2019): [77]—100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bse2019-2-4.

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Kohnert, Kathryn J., Elizabeth Bates, and Arturo E. Hernandez. "Balancing Bilinguals." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 6 (1999): 1400–1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4206.1400.

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The present study investigated developmental changes in lexical production skills in early sequential bilinguals, in both Spanish (L1) and English (L2), exploring the effects of age, years of experience, and basic-level cognitive processing (specifically the ability to resist interference) within a timed picture-naming task. To assess resistance to interference, naming was compared in low competition (blocked-single language) vs. high competition (mixed-alternating language) conditions. Participants were 100 individuals, 20 at each of 5 different age levels (5–7, 8–10, 11–13, 14–16, & youn

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Kohnert, Kathryn J., and Elizabeth Bates. "Balancing Bilinguals II." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 2 (2002): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/027).

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The present study investigated developmental changes in lexical comprehension skills in early sequential bilinguals, in both Spanish (L1) and English (L2), exploring the effects of age, years of experience, and basic-level cognitive processing (specifically the ability to maintain performance during mixed vs. single-language processing) within a timed picture-word verification task. Participants were 100 individuals, 20 at each of five different age levels (ages in years, 5–7, 8–10, 11–13, 14–16, and adults). All had learned Spanish as a first language in the home, with formal English experien

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SONG, YOONSANG, and YOUNGAH DO. "Cross-linguistic structural priming in bilinguals: priming of the subject-to-object raising construction between English and Korean." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21, no. 1 (2016): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728916001152.

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A cross-linguistic structural priming experiment explores the issue of whether parallel syntactic constructions of the two languages in bilinguals share a representation when the surface word orders of the constructions differ. The target population was early balanced bilinguals of Korean and English; the tested constructions were structures relevant to the subject-to-object raising (STOR) operation, which until this study have not been used for structural priming research in cross-linguistic contexts (e.g., STOR: Mary believes Jerry to be trustworthy; non-STOR: Mary believes that Jerry is tru

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Li, Guofang, Fubiao Zhen, and Ziwen Mei. "Digital Devices Use and Chinese-Canadian First Graders’ Early English Literacy Development: A Mixed-Methods Study." Education Sciences 15, no. 1 (2025): 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15010048.

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This mixed-methods study investigates the impact of digital devices use at home on early English literacy development among 121 Chinese-Canadian first graders, as well as their parents’ perspectives on the families’ purposes and practices of digital devices use for English literacy, highlighting bilingual children’s experiences with multiple digital devices. To understand the relationships between the children’s digital practices and early English literacy development, we collected quantitative data on children’s English literacy skills—including reading comprehension, decoding, and receptive

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Blackburn, Angélique M., and Nicole Y. Y. Wicha. "The Effect of Code-Switching Experience on the Neural Response Elicited to a Sentential Code Switch." Languages 7, no. 3 (2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030178.

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Switching between languages, or codeswitching, is a cognitive ability that multilinguals can perform with ease. This study investigates whether codeswitching during sentence reading affects early access to meaning, as indexed by the robust brain response called the N400. We hypothesize that the brain prioritizes the meaning of the word during comprehension with codeswitching costs emerging at a different stage of processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while Spanish–English balanced bilinguals (n = 24) read Spanish sentences containing a target noun that could create a semant

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Adair, Jennifer Keys, Kiyomi SÁnchez-Suzuki Colegrove, and Molly E. Mcmanus. "Troubling Messages: Agency and Learning in the Early Schooling Experiences of Children of Latinx Immigrants." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 120, no. 6 (2018): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811812000608.

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Background/Context Early childhood education in the United States is currently suspended between the belief that young children learn through dynamic experiences in which they are able to create and experiment, and the belief that young children's emerging literacy and math skills require formal instruction and assessments to ensure future academic success. This balance is difficult because each approach requires different allowances for children's agency. Purpose/Objective This study investigates how district administrators, school administrators, pre-K–3 teachers, and bilingual first graders

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Piscos, James Lotero. "Drinking Among Early Visayans (Pintados) in Achieving Positive Peace." Bedan Research Journal 5, no. 1 (2020): 214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v5i1.18.

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Drinking is a community event among early Visayans. It is their binding force in achieving positive peace because it facilitates harmony and holistic view of life. Smooth interpersonal relationship and exchange of peace are realized in the toss of a glass and blood compact. The maganito ritual highlights drinking which brings their camaraderie and fellowship to transcendence and assures protection and blessings from above. In various cycles of life, drinking is at the heart of the celebration. It might be a small gesture of sharing life stories over food and wine, but it has big impact in the

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Nguyen, My V. H., Lindsey A. Hutchison, Gabrielle Norvell, Danielle L. Mead, and Adam Winsler. "Degree of bilingualism and executive function in early childhood." Language and Cognition, October 2, 2023, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2023.46.

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Abstract This study explores the relationship between executive functioning (EF) and degree of bilingualism in a sample (N = 79) of 5- to 7-year-old monolingual and bilingual children. The bilingual group included children who are fully fluent in two languages (balanced bilinguals) and children who are still learning their second language (dual-language learners (DLLs). In general, findings revealed mixed associations between bilingualism and EF. There were no language group differences for one type of simple inhibitory control (i.e., go or no-go task). However, a bilingual advantage was demon

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Chung-Fat-Yim, Ashley, Sayuri Hayakawa, and Viorica Marian. "Language experience influences performance on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery: A cluster analysis." Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 12, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04360-7.

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Abstract Studies investigating the effects of bilingualism on cognitive function have often yielded conflicting results, which may stem in part from the use of arbitrary criteria to categorize participants into groups based on language experience. The present study addresses this limitation by using a machine learning algorithm, known as cluster analysis, to identify naturally occurring subgroups of participants with similar language profiles. In a sample of 169 participants with varying degrees of first- and second-language proficiencies and ages of acquisition, the cluster analysis yielded f

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Yang, Hwajin, Germaine Y. Q. Tng, Wee Qin Ng, and Sujin Yang. "Bilingual profiles differentially predict executive functions during early childhood: A latent profile analysis." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, May 31, 2023, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728923000263.

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Abstract Recent studies suggest that heterogeneous bilingual experiences implicate different executive functions (EF) in children. Using a latent profile analysis, we conducted a more nuanced investigation of multifaceted bilingual experiences. By concurrently considering numerous bilingual indicators – age of L1 and L2 acquisition, interactional contexts of verbal exchanges, L1 and L2 proficiency, balance of language use at home and school, and receptive vocabulary – we identified three latent profiles (subgroups): balanced dual-language, dominant single-language, and mixed-interaction. We fo

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KANG, CARISSA K., FELIX THOEMMES, and BARBARA LUST. "An assessment of the effects of SES on the development of executive attention in Singapore: Early English–Malay bilinguals." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, May 7, 2014, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728914000157.

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Thirty-four English–Malay bilinguals of between four and six years of age (both balanced and dominant) characterized as low socioeconomic status (SES) on income and parental education were tested on the child-Attentional Network Task (child-ANT; Rueda, Fan, McCandliss, Halparin, Gruber, Lercari &amp; Posner, 2004) measuring executive attention. Although SES measures fell below the Singapore median, Malay children's performance on the child-ANT remained high when compared to other age-matched monolingual and bilingual children previously tested with the child-ANT (Yang, Yang &amp; Lust,

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