Relevant bibliographies by topics / Early Broadway

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Early Broadway'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Early Broadway"

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Greenspan, Charlotte. "Death Comes to the Broadway Musical." Daedalus 141, no. 1 (January 2012): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00137.

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The Broadway musical is an excellent prism for viewing the narrative of American life – as it is, has been, and perhaps should be. In the first part of the twentieth century, musicals viewed life through rose-colored glasses; musicals were equivalent to musical comedy. Starting in the 1940s, the mood of musicals darkened. One indication of the new, serious tone was that characters in musicals died in the course of the show. This essay examines several questions relating to death in the Broadway musical, such as who dies, when in the course of the drama the death occurs, and how the death is marked musically. It concludes with a look at musicals involving the deaths of historical characters and at AIDS-related musicals, works whose assumptions and ideals are very far from those of the musical comedies of the early twentieth century.
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McWhorter, John H. "Long Time, No Song: Revisiting Fats Waller's Lost Broadway Musical." Daedalus 142, no. 4 (October 2013): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00238.

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Just before he died in 1943, Fats Waller wrote the music for a Broadway book musical with a mostly white cast, the first black composer to do so–and the only one ever to do it with commercial success. Yet “Early to Bed” is largely ignored by historians of musical theater, while jazz scholars describe the circumstances surrounding its composition rather than the work itself. Encouraging this neglect is the fact that no actual score survives. This essay, based on research that assembled all surviving evidence of the score and the show, gives a summary account of “Early to Bed” and what survives from it. The aim is to fill a gap in Waller scholarship, calling attention to some of his highest quality work, and possibly stimulating further reconstruction work that might result in a recording of the score.
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MAGEE, JEFFREY. "“Everybody Step”: Irving Berlin, Jazz, and Broadway in the 1920s." Journal of the American Musicological Society 59, no. 3 (2006): 697–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2006.59.3.697.

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Abstract In his four Music Box Revues (1921–24), Irving Berlin introduced a series of songs that many construed as jazz. That view has not prevailed, but the jazz label becomes more intelligible through efforts to restore its original milieu, including the songs' distinctive musical and linguistic elements, their theatrical context, and the cultural commentary surrounding Berlin and his work in that period. At a time when the term jazz had only recently entered public discourse, and when its meaning, content, and value remained in flux, Berlin deployed a variety of ragtime and blues figures that may be described as black topics, and combined them in such a way as to produce a jazz trope, a musical construct created by juxtaposing disparate or even contradictory topics. When repeatedly set to lyrics that celebrate illicit behavior, the music gains further associations with things that jazz was thought to abet. Theatrical setting further reinforced the songs' links to jazz. Berlin wrote many of the numbers for a flapper-style sister act, often placed them in a climactic program position, and juxtaposed them with sentimental and nostalgic songs that lacked jazz flavor and whose lyrics, in some cases, pointedly denied jazz's attractions. Beyond the stage, the songs and their theatrical presentation flourished within an emerging perspective that identified Jewish Americans, such as Berlin and George Gershwin, as the key figures in jazz and musical theater. Berlin's Broadway jazz stands as an influential and revealing intersection of musical, linguistic, theatrical, and social elements in the early 1920s.
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Loney, Glenn. "Entertaining Mr. Loney: an Early Interview with Joe Orton." New Theatre Quarterly 4, no. 16 (November 1988): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00002864.

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It is now twenty-one years since Joe Orton's death, though his relatively slender theatrical output has retained its freshness and power. After the modest West End success achieved by his first play to reach the stage. Entertaining Mr. Sloane, the New York production proved a failure, and the interview given by Orton to Glenn Loney in New York in October 1965, a few days before the Broadway opening, therefore went unpublished at the time. We print it now, as an intriguing sidelight on the attitudes and opinions of the playwright. It is placed in context by the widely-published theatre critic and teacher Glenn Loney, who also describes the brief, mainly epistolatory friendship with Orton that sprang from this first meeting.
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Guest, Kenneth J. "From Mott Street to East Broadway: Fuzhounese Immigrants and the Revitalization of New York’s Chinatown." Journal of Chinese Overseas 7, no. 1 (2011): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325411x565399.

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AbstractSince the early 1980s, immigrants from Fuzhou, southeast China, have revitalized and expanded New York’s Chinatown in Manhattan and established satellite Chinese communities in Brooklyn and Queens. Fuzhounese entrepreneurs have transformed the ethnic enclave economy of Chinatown into the staging platform for a dynamic national ethnic restaurant economy in which East Broadway in Lower Manhattan has become the central hub for the circulation of capital, labor, goods and know-how. Despite recent revitalization, Chinatown’s future as a gateway for new labor immigrants is threatened by real estate speculation and gentrification in the Manhattan and Brooklyn Chinatown areas.
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Spector, Susan. "Telling the Story of Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?: Theatre History and Mythmaking." Theatre Survey 31, no. 2 (November 1990): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400009340.

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Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? opened on Broadway on 13 October 1962. The author, producers, director and two leading actors won Tony Awards for that season; the play won the New York Drama Critics' Award, and two members of the Pulitzer Committee resigned when that group refused to give Virginia Woolf its top honor. This production of the play captured the vigor and emotional daring of off-Broadway, brought it uptown, and made it pay, running for 644 performances on Broadway. Early in 1964, when Uta Hagen and Arthur Hill repeated their roles in London for twelve weeks, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? became the first post-war American production to achieve a critical success in the West End. The story of this landmark production has been told piecemeal by writers in the popular press, by theatre historians, and in sharply differing accounts by its director, Alan Schneider. Collation of published testimony about the production with unpublished materials such as correspondence, diaries, and interviews with principals reveals the complex artistic process that led to the success of this play. The different versions of the story reveal the risks of storytelling and some of the challenges storytellers present to theatre historians.
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Gindt, Dirk. "WHEN BROADWAY CAME TO SWEDEN: THE EUROPEAN PREMIERE OF TENNESSEE WILLIAMS'SCAT ON A HOT TIN ROOF." Theatre Survey 53, no. 1 (April 2012): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557411000731.

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Returning fresh from her summer vacation, the suntanned managing director of Gothenburg City Theatre, Karin Kavli (1906–90), proudly announced at a press conference in early August 1955 that she had secured the rights to produce the European premiere of Tennessee Williams's acclaimed playCat on a Hot Tin Roof.1Well aware of the importance of creating a balanced repertoire that would satisfy the more artistically and literally minded audience and those who wanted some lighter forms of entertainment, Kavli understood that hosting the premiere of Williams's latest drama was quite a coup, especially in an age when television had begun to pose a great threat to theatre.
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Gibb, Andrew. "Early-Twentieth-Century Frontier Dramas on Broadway: Situating the Western Experience in Performing Arts by Richard Wattenberg (review)." Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism 27, no. 2 (2013): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dtc.2013.0000.

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HUNTER, MICHAEL. "‘No historie so meete’. Gentry Culture and the Development of Local History in Elizabethan and Early Stuart England - By Jan Broadway." History 93, no. 309 (January 21, 2008): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.2008.416_32.x.

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LEFF, LEONARD J. "Representing Queerness: Clifton Webb on the American Stage." Journal of American Studies 45, no. 3 (August 2011): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875811000090.

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AbstractIn the American theater of the 1930s and 1940s, the designation “queer star” was an oxymoron – except when applied to Clifton Webb. The Indiana-born singer and dancer was (according to colleagues) homosexual and (according to critics and audiences) queer. He was also, after 1932, a star on Broadway and the road as well as a reliably queer presence in the gossip columns and arts pages of the daily paper. Unlike any other show business personality of his rank, he used his star text to raise the visibility of queerness in early twentieth-century entertainment culture.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Early Broadway"

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Holloway, Marilyn June. "Cole Porter : the social significance of selected love lyrics of the 1930s." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4209.

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This dissertation examines selected love lyrics composed during the 1930s by Cole Porter, whose witty and urbane music epitomized the Golden era of American light music. These lyrics present an interesting paradox – a man who longed for his music to be accepted by the American public, yet remained indifferent to the social mores of the time. Porter offered trenchant social commentary aimed at a society restricted by social taboos and cultural conventions. The argument develops systematically through a chronological and contextual study of the influences of people and events on a man and his music. The prosodic intonation and imagistic texture of the lyrics demonstrate an intimate correlation between personality and composition which, in turn, is supported by the biographical content.
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Books on the topic "Early Broadway"

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Wattenberg, Richard. Early-Twentieth-Century Frontier Dramas on Broadway. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119147.

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Early Broadway sheet music: A comprehensive listing of published music from Broadway and other stage shows, 1843-1918. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 2002.

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Wattenberg, Richard. Early-twentieth-century frontier dramas on Broadway: Situating the western experience in performing arts. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Early-twentieth-century frontier dramas on Broadway: Situating the western experience in performing arts. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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The British on Broadway: Backstage and beyond--the early years : follow the footsteps of the legendary knights, Irving, Oliver, and Coward : a guide to the British invasion of Broadway ... Watchet, Somerset: Barbican Press, 1999.

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Sharland, Elizabeth. The British on Broadway: Backstage and beyond-- the early years : follow the footsteps of the legendary knights, Irving, Oliver and Coward : a guide to the British invasion of Broadway including walks through New York's theatreland. Watchet, Somerset: Barbican Press, 1999.

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1884-1946, Taylor Laurette, ed. Laurette Taylor: American Stage Legend. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2010.

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Henry, Kevin. May Fourth and Translation. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-465-3.

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The May 4th Movement in 1919 – and more broadly the so-called New Culture movement in the 1910s and 1920s, – a landmark in the history of China, was marked by a great wave of translations, without precedent other than the one inspired by the Buddhist faith more than 1000 years before. This volume, which includes five papers presented at the conference 4 May 1919: History in Motion (Université de Mons, Belgium, 2-4 May 2019), seeks to define and measure, in all its dimensions and complexity (from tragic theatre to revolutionary novels to literary journals), the impact of this intense translation effort in the early years of Republican China.
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Stubblebine, Donald J. Early Broadway Sheet Music: A Comprehensive Listing of Published Music from Broadway. McFarland & Company, 2001.

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Stubblebine, Donald J. Early Broadway Sheet Music: A Comprehensive Listing of Published Music from Broadway and Other Stage Shows, 1843-1918. McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Early Broadway"

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Wattenberg, Richard. "Introduction." In Early-Twentieth-Century Frontier Dramas on Broadway, 1–17. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119147_1.

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Wattenberg, Richard. "Frontier Western Discourse at the Turn of the Nineteenth to the Twentieth Century." In Early-Twentieth-Century Frontier Dramas on Broadway, 21–52. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119147_2.

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Wattenberg, Richard. "The Turn-of-the-Century American Theater Context." In Early-Twentieth-Century Frontier Dramas on Broadway, 53–79. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119147_3.

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Wattenberg, Richard. "Discipline and Spontaneity: Clyde Fitch’s The Cowboy and the Lady and Augustus Thomas’s Arizona." In Early-Twentieth-Century Frontier Dramas on Broadway, 83–107. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119147_4.

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Wattenberg, Richard. "Drama from Novels: John Ermine of the Yellowstone and The Virginian." In Early-Twentieth-Century Frontier Dramas on Broadway, 109–40. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119147_5.

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Wattenberg, Richard. "Variations on the Frontier Myth: Edwin Milton Royle’s The Squaw Man and David Belasco’s The Girl of the Golden West." In Early-Twentieth-Century Frontier Dramas on Broadway, 141–68. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119147_6.

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Wattenberg, Richard. "From Melodrama to Realism: William Vaughn Moody’s The Great Divide and Rachel Crothers’s The Three of Us." In Early-Twentieth-Century Frontier Dramas on Broadway, 169–99. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119147_7.

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Wattenberg, Richard. "Conclusion." In Early-Twentieth-Century Frontier Dramas on Broadway, 201–8. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119147_8.

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Dzhuraev, Shairbek. "The Corona Pandemic in Central Asia." In Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West, 279–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9_15.

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AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has proved to be a stress test in nearly all policy areas in Central Asian states since 2020. While healthcare, education and economics were some of the early targets, the novel coronavirus also upended nations’ international agendas. Leaders’ summits, now in an online format, focused on the pandemic. More broadly, Covid-19 has turned into a major variable in debates on globalisation, institutions or global inequality that can also be illustrated by looking at cases in Central Asian countries. The pandemic has exposed the pre-existing conditions of international relations in the region, hampering regional cooperation and significantly impacting Central Asia’s relations with key extra-regional powers.
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Ndounou, Monica White. "Early black Americans on Broadway." In The Cambridge Companion to African American Theatre, 59–84. Cambridge University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cco9781139062107.005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Early Broadway"

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Mbugua, Njeri, Elizabeth Ann Bukusi, Asunta Wagura, and Elizabeth Ngugi. "P3.175 Early development of broadly neutralising antibodies in hiv-1-infected infants." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.410.

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Bharadwaj, N. Ashwin, James T. Allison, and Randy H. Ewoldt. "Early-Stage Design of Rheologically Complex Materials via Material Function Design Targets." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13462.

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Rheological material properties are high-dimensional function-valued quantities, such as frequency-dependent viscoelastic moduli or non-Newtonian shear viscosity. Here we describe a process to model and optimize design targets for such rheological material functions. For linear viscoelastic systems, we demonstrate that one can avoid specific a priori assumptions of spring-dashpot topology by writing governing equations in terms of a time-dependent relaxation modulus function. Our approach embraces rheological design freedom, connecting system-level performance to optimal material functions that transcend specific material classes or structure. This technique is therefore material agnostic, applying to any material class including polymers, colloids, metals, composites, or any rheologically complex material. These early-stage design targets allow for broadly creative ideation of possible material solutions, which can then be used for either material-specific selection or later-stage design of novel materials.
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Brown, Adam, Irem Y. Tumer, and Robert Paasch. "Early Stage Failure Modeling and Analysis Applied to a Wave Energy Converter." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49360.

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Ocean wave power is still in its infancy. New systems are conceptualized on nearly a daily basis. The systems vary wildly in complexity and scope, but share one common trait; they have never been built. This scenario is ripe with massive financial risk and of course the possibility of reward. Providing an early stage failure and safety analysis could greatly improve the design process by identifying potential weak points in the system prior to the costly build and testing stages of product development. More broadly, determining potentially successful conceptual designs which should be pursued becomes critical. However, there is currently no tool readily available for such a task. In this paper, we adapt and simplify function-based modeling and analysis to fill this void. Completing a function based failure analysis allows engineers to evaluate the dependencies and fault tolerance of their system early in the design stage. This process aids in catching design problems when they are still relatively cheap to address. This paper proposes the System Functionality Method for conceptual design stage analysis. This proposed method places systems and subsystems in a flow (mass, energy, and signal) based on their location, and assigns functionality numbers to help describe their contribution to the system. Component or sub-system faults are then used to determine the effect on other components and the system as a whole. The process is unique in its simplicity and adaptability to the conceptual stage of designing wave energy technologies.
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Çetingül, Müge Pirtini, Rhoda M. Alani, and Cila Herman. "Detection of Skin Cancer Using Transient/Thermal Imaging." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19193.

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The incidence of melanoma in the United States has been increasing dramatically over the past several years [1] with melanoma currently being the sixth most common cancer in the United States. At present, there are no systemic agents available that significantly extend the lifespan of patients with advanced disease and improved survival relies solely on early detection and adequate surgical management [2]. The need to improve the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for skin cancer while increasing biopsy efficiency yields to the implementation of imaging technologies in dermatology. Current in-vivo imaging tools in use including digital photography (total cutaneous imaging or imaging of individual lesions), and dermoscopy are highly subjective and without broadly applicable standards or quantitative criteria.
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Sáenz, Carlos Abel Córdova, Marcelo Dias, and Karin Becker. "Combining compact news representations generated using DistilBERT and topological features to classify fake news." In Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2020.11978.

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Fake news (FN) have affected people’s lives in unimaginable ways. The automatic classification of FN is a vital tool to prevent their dissemination and support fact-checking. Related work has shown that FN spread faster, deeper, and more broadly than the truth on social media. Besides, deep learning has produced state-of-the-art solutions in this field, mainly based on textual attributes. In this paper, we propose initial experiments to combine compact representations of the textual news properties generated using DistilBERT, with topological metrics extracted from the social propagation network. Using a dataset related to politics and five distinct classification algorithms, our results are encouraging. Regarding the textual attributes, we reached results comparable to state-of-the-art solutions using only the news title and contents, which is useful for FN early detection. The topological attributes were not as effective, but the promising results encourage the investigation of alternative architectures for their combination
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Luo, Jianxi, Serhad Sarica, and Kristin L. Wood. "Computer-Aided Design Ideation Using InnoGPS." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97587.

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Abstract Traditionally, the ideation of design opportunities and new concepts relies on human expertise or intuition and is faced with high uncertainty. Inexperienced or specialized designers often fail to explore ideas broadly and become fixed on specific ideas early in the design process. Recent data-driven design methods provide external design stimuli beyond one’s own knowledge, but their uses in rapid ideation are still limited. Intuitive and directed ideation techniques, such as brainstorming, mind mapping, Design-by-Analogy, SCAMPER, TRIZ and Design Heuristics may empower designers in rapid ideation but are limited in the designer’s own knowledge base. Herein, we harness data-driven design and rapid ideation techniques to introduce a data-driven computer-aided rapid ideation process using the cloud-based InnoGPS system. InnoGPS integrates an empirical network map of all technology domains based on the international patent classification which are connected according to knowledge distance based on patent data, with a few map-based functions to position technologies, explore neighborhoods, and retrieve knowledge, concepts and solutions in the near or far fields for design analogies and syntheses. The functions of InnoGPS fuse design science, network science, data science and interactive visualization and make the design ideation process data-driven, theoretically-grounded, visually-inspiring, and rapid. We demonstrate the procedures of using InnoGPS as a data-driven rapid ideation tool to generate new rolling toy design concepts.
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Kaback, Dawn S., Grover Chamberlain, John G. Morse, and Scott W. Petersen. "Independent Technical Reviews for Groundwater and Soil Remediation Projects at US Department of Energy Sites." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59188.

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The US Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management has supported independent technical reviews of soil and groundwater projects at multiple DOE sites over the last 10 years. These reviews have resulted in significant design improvements to remedial plans that have accelerated cleanup and site closure. Many have also resulted in improved understanding of complex subsurface conditions, promoting better approaches to design and implementation of new technologies. Independent technical reviews add value, because they provide another perspective to problem solving and act as a check for especially challenging problems. By bringing in a team of independent experts with a broad experience base, alternative solutions are recommended for consideration and evaluation. In addition, the independence of the panel is significant, because it is able to address politically sensitive issues. The expert panel members typically bring lessons learned from other sites to help solve the DOE problems. In addition, their recommendations at a particular site can often be applied at other sites, making the review even more valuable. The review process can vary, but some common lessons ensure a successful review: • Use a multi-disciplinary broadly experienced team; • Engage the panel early and throughout the project; • Involve regulators and stakeholders in the workshop, if appropriate; • Provide sufficient background information; • Close the workshop with a debriefing followed by a written report. Many groundwater remediation challenges remain at DOE sites. Independent technical reviews have and will ensure that the best capabilities and experience are applied to reduce risks and uncertainties.
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Cowart, Jim, Len Hamilton, and Dianne Luning Prak. "A Comparative Study of Alternative and Conventional Diesel Combustion Modes in a Single Cylinder Engine With a Single Injection Event." In ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2016-9372.

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A broadly ranging single injection event was used in a Waukesha diesel CFR engine in order to explore various conventional and alternative combustion modes at light load (2 bar GMEP) using n-heptane fuel. Start of injection (SOI) was varied from the start of the intake valve open (IVO) event all the way past TDC at the end of the compression stroke. Emissions, including detailed particulate, were collected at all of the operating points. Additionally, further experiments were performed with port fuel injection in order to create a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion mode as well as partially premixed combustion (PPC) using both port and direct fuel injection. HCCI and PPC combustion modes were achieved with the characteristic rise in carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions with however, a corresponding decrease in NOx emissions as compared to conventional direct (into cylinder) injection combustion modes. For conventional diesel operation with progressive advancement of SOI it was seen that start of combustion (SOC) advanced and then retarded slightly before stabilizing. This was associated with a general lengthening of ignition delay (IGD) with progressive SOI advancement. Even with very early intake valve open (IVO) injection events, the emissions behavior did not approach HCCI or PPC, suggesting that the charge mixture homogeneity of companion port injection could not be achieved in this engine using direct injection alone. High speed optical natural light filming of the combustion events through a large quartz window showed conventional diesel combustion with strong diffusion flames, reducing in intensity with PPC operation, and then no visible combustion with HCCI.
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Esterman, Marcos, Maria E. Fumagalli, Brian Thorn, and Callie Babbitt. "A Framework for the Integration of System Engineering and Functional Analysis Techniques to the Goal and Scope of Life Cycle Assessment." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71145.

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With the increased concern over the impact that product and processes have on the environment several tools for environmental impact assessment have been developed. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is perhaps the most broadly known and used. The use of LCA is common in industry and there is a growing interest to improve the approach since several unresolved problems have been identified with its use. One important issue to resolve is the proper definition of the functional unit. The stated primary goal of the functional unit in LCA is to ensure comparability of LCA results; however, when reviewing the literature, LCA practitioners remark that comparing LCA studies is a very difficult task. The attributed reasons for this problem are the lack of standardized assumptions and practices, including the definition of the functional unit. Even though several unresolved problems present in LCA have had solutions proposed, a clear and actionable solution to the specific problem of functional unit definition is still not available. This paper will introduce system engineering and functional analysis concepts to the goal and scope definition phase of LCA in order to provide a framework for system definition, system boundary definition, and reference flows identification. System engineering principles and functional analysis have been extensively used to aid the design process, yet these approaches have not been effectively applied to the LCA domain. The benefits associated with the proposed framework include improved comparability of LCAs, dynamic updating of LCAs, and the integration of LCA into early stage product development.
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Platts, Norman, David R. Tice, and Jennifer Nicholls. "Study of Fatigue Initiation of Austenitic Stainless Steel in a High Temperature Water Environment and in Air Using Blunt Notch Compact Tension Specimens." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45844.

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Fatigue life assessment procedures for components exposed to high temperature pressurised water environments are typically based on NUREG/CR-6909 or broadly similar codes (e.g. proposed ASME code case N-792). The effects of a high temperature water environment on the fatigue life are accounted for by simply adjusting the fatigue life in ambient temperature air by an environmental factor (FEN). This adjustment assumes that the environment affects both initiation (nucleation) and propagation equally, which is potentially over-conservative. Blunt notch compact tension (CT) specimens (along with direct current potential drop (DCPD) crack detection) have been proposed as a means of determining the “true” fatigue initiation life, enabling the relative impact of the environment on initiation and growth to be characterised and the level of conservatism in the FEN approach assessed. The current work uses a combination of finite element analysis and fatigue testing in both air and water to assess the feasibility of blunt notch CT testing to detect initiation and to quantify the environmental impact. This work indicates significant difficulties with the blunt notch CT test methodology both in terms of quantifying the applicable strain and in terms of detection of the very early stages of initiation which preclude the quantitative application of the technique to study true initiation. Qualitatively, the results suggest that there is still a significant impact of the high temperature water environment on the earliest detectable stages of crack growth in austenitic stainless steels; however the earliest defects detectible by DCPD techniques still involve a significant contribution from short crack growth. Nevertheless, the technique provides a valuable insight into initiation and residual life of components subjected to through wall strain gradients.
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Reports on the topic "Early Broadway"

1

Jigjidsuren, Altantuya, Bayar Oyun, and Najibullah Habib. Supporting Primary Health Care in Mongolia: Experiences, Lessons Learned, and Future Directions. Asian Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210020-2.

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ince the early 1990s, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has broadly supported health sector reforms in Mongolia. This paper describes primary health care (PHC) in Mongolia and ADB support in its reform. It highlights results achieved and the lessons drawn that could be useful for future programs in Mongolia and other countries. PHC reform in Mongolia aimed at facilitating a shift from hospital-based curative services toward preventive approaches. It included introducing new management models based on public–private partnerships, increasing the range of services, applying more effective financing methods, building human resources, and creating better infrastructure. The paper outlines remaining challenges and future directions for ADB support to PHC reform in the country.
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2

Ingram, Haroro. Stigma, Shame, and Fear: Navigating Obstacles to Peace in Mindanao. RESOLVE Network, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2020.14.vedr.

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After decades of cyclical peace agreement failures and war in Mindanao, the establishment of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in early 2019 brought the best hope for sustainable peace and stability in living memory. But the problems within the BARMM and Mindanao more broadly are immense. A trifecta of stigma, shame, and fear is regularly identified as levers exploited by peace spoilers to not only recruit and mobilize from local communities but obstruct disengagement and reintegration efforts. The widespread and intergenerational experiences of trauma across Mindanao hang like an invisible pall over almost every aspect of life. The dynamics of stigma, shame, and fear in Mindanao tend to be multidimensional in that they may emerge from a range of sources and multidirectional in their effect, as different sources of stigma, shame, and fear can push and pull individuals and groups in different ways. Stigma, shame, and fear may act as obstacles but also opportunities that need to be understood and appropriately harnessed in disengagement and reintegration initiatives. This policy note offers a framework of recommendations that are largely grounded in peacebuilding approaches.
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