Dissertations / Theses: 'Early Bronze Age; Social prehistory'

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Harding, Jan. "Exploring space and time : the Neolithic monuments of lowland England." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319656.

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Weiberg, Erika. "Thinking the Bronze Age : Life and Death in Early Helladic Greece." Diss., Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7448.

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Muniz, Adolfo A. "Feeding the periphery modeling early Bronze Age economies and the cultural landscape of the Faynan District, Southern Jordan /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258982.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 13, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 338-387).

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Durgun, Pinar. "The Genesis Of Early State Formation In The Aegean Prehistoric Cultures: Liman Tepe And Bakla Tepe As A Case Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615143/index.pdf.

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The Izmir Region is located in the heart of the Western Anatolian coastline and forms a natural bridge between the Anatolian mainland and the Western Aegean. The region is connected to Central Anatolia through deep valleys and is linked to the Aegean Sea via many harbor sites along the coast. The architectural features and the other remains (such as pottery, metal objects etc.) found in and around those architectural context can provide the information about the genesis of the urbanization. With reference to the fortifications and bastions may show us that societies in question are concerned with some political problems. This study aims to understand how the scale of architecture changed from the Late Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age in the comperative basis of Aegean context particularly in Bakla Tepe and Liman Tepe. On the basis of architectural differences, two distinct community types may be postulated for Early Bronze Age sites in the Aegean. The fortified coastal site of Liman Tepe is an example of a centrally administrated early urban community with a strong economy. Bakla Tepe represents an affluent inland village or small town community interacting with large centers.

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TenWolde, Christopher Andrew. "State Formation in the Cretan Bronze Age." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1218789093.

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Kontes, Zoë Sophia. "Social articulation in the early Bronze Age of the central Mediterranean /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174629.

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Mina, Maria. "Anthropomorphic figurines from the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Aegean : gender dynamics and implications for the understanding of Aegean prehistory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446434/.

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This thesis examines the subject of gender in Neolithic and Early Bronze Age (EBA) communities of the Aegean as revealed through a systematic study and analysis of anthropomorphic figurines. It particularly concentrates on the aspect of gender construction through symbolism and embodied practices as is suggested by the use, as well as the representational analysis of anthropomorphic figurines. By examining the aspect of gender and its dynamics, my thesis aims to explore the social organisation of Neolithic and EBA communities in the Aegean and how, in the light of my research, we need to review our understanding and interpretation of early Aegean prehistory. The thesis is organised into eight chapters. Chapter 1 presents a short introduction to my research topic and clarifies certain decisions behind the proposed theoretical and methodological approach. Chapter 2 provides a review of earlier works on the study of anthropomorphic Aegean figurines and a summarised introduction to Neolithic and EBA cultures of the Aegean. In Chapter 3 I present and explain my decisions behind my theoretical approach and I explore, in particular, the relevant subjects of symbolic material culture as studied in the framework of gender archaeology. The final section presents the particular research questions that my thesis sets out to answer. Chapter 4 offers a detailed account of the methodology I have chosen to follow and how I have applied it for the purposes of my research. Chapters 5 and 6 give a detailed presentation of the analysis and its results on Neolithic and EBA figurines respectively. Chapter 7 discusses the results in the framework of gender archaeology and suggests new interpretations regarding gender and social organisation in the Neolithic and EBA and what the transition from one period to the other entailed. Finally, Chapter 8 stresses the contribution of my research to the knowledge of early Aegean prehistoric society, the need to review earlier interpretations and its impact on future works in Aegean social prehistory and figurine studies. The thesis is also accompanied by a CD-ROM which contains a concordance of the Neolithic and EBA figurines comprising the sample under study. The fields that have been included offer information related to their source of publication, as well as their site and area of recovery. Photographs or sketches of the figurines have also been included, apart from the cases of specimens that were too fragmented to be categorised under any of the sex categories.

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Dikkaya, Fahri. "Settlement Patterns Of Altinova In The Early Bronze Age." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1254614/index.pdf.

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This study aims to investigate the settlement patterns of Altinova in the Early Bronze Age and its reflection to social and cultural phenomena. Altinova, which is the most arable plain in Eastern Anatolia, is situated in the borders of Elazig province. The region in the Early Bronze Age was the conjunction and interaction area for two main cultural complexes in the Near East, which were Syro-Mesopotamia and Transcaucasia, with a strong local character. The effect of the foreign and local cultural interactions to the settlement patterns of Altinova in the Early Bronze Age and its reflection in the socio-economic structures have been discussed in the social perspective. In addition, the settlement distribution and its system were analyzed through the quantitative methods, that were gravity model, rank-size analysis, and nearest neighbor analysis. The results of these quantitative analyses with the archaeological data have been discussed in the social and theoretical context.

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Boyes, Philip. "Social change in 'Phoenicia' in the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age transition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/260695.

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This dissertation explores social, cultural and political changes in the region later known as ‘Phoenicia’ during the period of approximately 1300-900 BC. By applying modern approaches to theoretical questions such as the nature of social change, identity, migration and how such phenomena are represented in the archaeological record, this dissertation aims to provide a discussion of Late Bronze/Early Iron Age Phoenicia based on a more solid methodological foundation than has often been the case previously. As well as better illuminating social change occurring within Phoenicia itself, it is hoped that the methodological observations and comparative value of the case-study presented here will prove useful for discussions of the wider social changes occurring in the East Mediterranean at this time. A key observation of this research is that past narratives have placed too much emphasis on the role of external powers such as the Egyptian ‘empire’ or ‘Sea People’ invaders in driving Levantine social change in this period. This dissertation stresses the critical importance of local responses to foreign influence and charts the balance between active choice and constraint by circumstances in shaping the development of the Phoenician polities. It is argued that the most important forms of change which can be identified in the archaeological and written records relate to the construction of identities, especially those of the Phoenician élites. These take the form of a move away from legitimation and identity-negotiation based on foreign contacts, towards greater emphasis on more local, Levantine features. The consequences of this change, it is argued, are felt within social, political, economic, religious and other spheres of life.

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Jorge, Ana. "Ceramic technology and social networks in late neolithic to early bronze age Portugal." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543298.

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Alizadeh, Karim. "Social Inequality at Köhne Shahar, an Early Bronze Age Settlement in Iranian Azerbaijan." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467508.

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Due to increasing investigations and studies of the Kura-Araxes cultural communities, our information about this enigmatic archaeological culture has increased in many respects. Its interactions and regional variations in terms of cultural materials have been analyzed by many scholars. However, our knowledge about its societal variations is still very limited. We do not yet know much about social dynamics behind its material culture that spread out through vast regions in the Caucasus and the Near East. Indeed, there are some fundamental questions about the Kura-Araxes cultural communities that need further investigation. To address these questions, I focus on social inequality and its material manifestations through data collected from Köhne Shahar a Kura-Araxes site in the Chaldran area of the Iranian Azerbaijan. This study uses new data collected from one season of survey and three seasons of excavations at Köhne Shahar to examine the material manifestation of social inequality. Excavations at Köhne Shahar have generated data which allows me to present some preliminary conclusions regarding the state of social inequality at the settlement. I concentrate on four major features of the site, stratigraphy and chronology, fortification wall and external threat, specialized craft production, and residential segregation. Results from investigation and analyses of these evidence suggest that external threat and conflict could have played a role in development of political complexity (power inequality) at Köhne Shahar that could have been extended to control over the economy, especially craft production. I further argue that evidence of residential segregation at the site suggest social segmentation and hierarchical ordering within the community of Köhne Shahar. Overall evidence indicates that the site is a special and a complex version of Kura-Araxes Cultural Communities. I further argue that there is a great potential at Köhne Shahar for addressing social complexity and I discuss that further investigations at the site may shed more light on social dynamics in the Kura-Araxes cultural communities.
Anthropology

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Mays, S. "Social organisation and social change in the early and middle Bronze Age of central Europe : A study using Â£Thuman skeletal remainsÂ£T." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377647.

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Wilson, Joanna E. P. "The social role of the elderly in the Early Bronze Age of Central Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580386.

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Harrison, Laura Kathryn. "Living spaces| Urbanism as a social process at Seyitomer Hoyuk in early Bronze Age Western Anatolia." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10127760.

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The rise of urbanism in third millennium BCE Western Anatolia involves the widespread emergence of a new type of settlement organization, characterized by neatly packed megaron rowhouses, which open onto a central open space, and are located inside a circuit wall. While previous studies have successfully documented the distribution of these settlements in time and space, and established typologies that highlight key formal and stylistic attributes of their architecture, they fail to address the social significance of this change in settlement pattern. Consequently, little is known about the novel ways in which the shift from village to city life impacted individuals, communities, and systems of authority, in the Early Bronze Age.

In this study, I approach urbanism at the Early Bronze Age Phase B settlement of Seyitömer Höyük from an interdisciplinary perspective that investigates how the fixed features and spatial arrangement of the urban built environment shape movement and interaction, which in turn impacts social production, community formation, and power relations. This perspective emphasizes the built environment as an active participant in the recursive relationship between actors and the built environment.

In order to address these issues, I analyze the Phase B settlement, using an integrative approach to architecture and social organization. This approach is modified from Fisher (2009), and combines insights from nonverbal communication (Rapoport 1990), space syntax analysis (Hillier and Hanson 1984), and architectural communication theory (Blanton 1982). The integrative approach stresses that the built environment is a context for social interaction, and offers an empirical means by which to link archaeological remains, such as streets, walls, and features with messages of identity, status, and ideology.

There are four groups of buildings (“analytical sections”) identified in Phase B. As a result of an investigation of the architecture, fixed and semi-fixed features of each space in the settlement, the Rowhouses West and Rowhouses East are characterized as non-elite residences and pottery workshops; the Administrative Complex is characterized as a seat of local administrative authority, with evidence for economic specialization and social inequality; and the Central Megaron Complex is characterized as a distinctive building, important in the symbolic/ritual life of Phase B inhabitants. These insights, when integrated with quantitative spatial analysis, reveal that the three busiest routes of pedestrian movement in Phase B terminate at the entrance to spaces for public/inclusive occasions; that rooms used for private/exclusive are always accessed via offset entrances that increase the perception of physical and social distance; and that megaron style buildings used in non-elite residences are a solution for privacy in a densely populated settlement. This demonstrates that the built environment embodies individual agency through personalization; community identities with the standard treatment of physical elements; and power relations through control over movement and the structuring of public/private relations. As a result, this study enlivens our understanding of urbanism as a social process.

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Peperaki, Olympia. "Complexity, power and "associations that matter" : rethinking social organisation in the Early Bronze Age 2 mainland Greece." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10342/.

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The aim of this thesis is to introduce a new approach to the analysis of social organisation of the southern Greek Mainland during the Early Helladic II period. Central to this approach is a view of social organisation less as a "problem" faced by society and more as an open-ended project that involves defining particular networks of relationships as "associations that matter". From this point of departure, this thesis undertakes a novel analysis of domestic and monumental architecture (and their related artefactual assemblages), placing emphasis on the definition of contexts of practice where particular models of groupness were promoted and reproduced. The analysis establishes the "domestic" and the "public" as historically specific statements of belonging, firmly grounded in the ways specific activities, commensal events involving the sharing of a collectively procured produce, were structured.

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Cilingir, Ceren. "Crop Processing In The Early Bronze Age Houses Of Ikiztepe: Identification And Analysis Of Archaeobotanical Remains." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610477/index.pdf.

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ikiztepe is the largest excavated mound type settlement of prehistoric times in the Black Sea region in Turkey. It is located ca. 55 km northwest of Samsun, 7 km northwest of Bafra and is within the boundary of the present day village of Ikiztepe. The carbonised seeds and fruits secured from the occupation levels of ikiztepe houses dating from Chalcolithic to the Transition period are used to identify the crop processing activities conducted within the domestic units. Areas of fine sieving activity and the storage areas could be detected by the help of the analysis of the archaeobotanical materials. A comparison of the crop processing habits of the occupants of ikiztepe and other Early Bronze Age settlements in Anatolia is also made.

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Meneses, Linda. "Social change in southern Iberia in the first millennium B.C. with special reference to the cemetery evidence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286232.

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Frame, Lesley. "Technological change in Southwestern Asia: Metallurgical production styles and social values during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195816.

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The beginnings of metallurgical activity have intrigued scholars for decades. In this dissertation, I explore early metallurgical activity on the Iranian Plateau represented by the evidence at Tal-i Iblis in southern Iran, and Seh Gabi and Godin Tepe in central northern Iran. Together, these sites offer a diachronic view of metal production on the Plateau as well as a view of metallurgical activities practiced at different scales of production. The metallurgical materials from Tal-i Iblis are firmly dated to the late 6th to early 5th millennia BCE, and this corpus includes hundreds of crucible fragments excavated from multiple trash dumps. Seh Gabi and Godin Tepe offer a smaller range of production materials from the 4th through 2nd millennia BCE, but they also include a large collection of finished metal objects. These later materials differ in style and process from the Iblis debris.Thorough examination of these artifacts, combined with comparison to a series of carefully controlled casting experiments, has returned numerous significant results. The metallurgy of the Iranian Plateau does not fit the standard model of early metallurgical development. The Iblis crucibles do not reflect an early "experimental" stage in copper production. Rather, these artifacts represent a carefully controlled, production process with a narrow range of variability in both temperature and reducing atmosphere. Further, there is clear evidence for the preference of arsenical-copper alloys at Tal-i Iblis. These ancient craftspeople sought high-quality ores from a source (the Talmessi copper deposit) over 500 km from their production facility.Metallurgical production on the Iranian Plateau is also characterized by the long-term use of crucibles as the primary reaction vessel well into the 2nd millennium BCE. There are some production centers on the Iranian Plateau that see the use of furnaces during the 3rd millennium, but crucible use persists at many sites. At Godin Tepe--a site with significant evidence for contact with the Mesopotamian lowlands--variability in crucible form increases in later periods to include an Egyptian-style crucible during the 2nd millennium BCE. The presence of this crucible suggests that there was contact with foreign metallurgical processes, but the preference for small, portable reaction vessels persisted.

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Stork, Leigh A. "Social use of metal from the Late Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age in the Upper Euphrates Valley." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22066.

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Previous work on the early use of metal draws heavily upon the work of V. Gordon Childe, particularly his 1944 ‘Archaeological ages as technological stages’ article which outlined the development and social impact of metal in prehistory. Subsequent work, especially in the European paradigm, in the field of archaeometallurgy and material culture studies of metal have been oriented towards the typological definition and description of metal objects and how these typologies changed over time. Rather than focusing on the development of metallurgical technology or specific metal artefacts, this thesis seeks to outline the social use of metal in the latter prehistory of the Upper Euphrates Valley. This is accomplished by comparing and contrasting the published information regarding the numbers, types and contexts of metal objects and metalworking paraphernalia found at these sites and discussing these finds within the socio-political and economic frameworks of the Late Chalcolithic 2 – 5 and the Early Bronze Age I and II (ca. 4000-2600 BC). This analysis is then compared against the social use of metal at sites in Mesopotamia, Upper Mesopotamia and the southern Caucasus from the relevant time periods in order to provide a framework by which to assess the factors that contributed to the use of metal in the ‘Euphratean’ cultural milieu. Chronological and geographical analyses reveal patterns that can be used to establish how the social use of metal changed over time- both within the entire Upper Euphrates Valley as well as at specific sites in response to external influence. Results of such analyses show that not only does the intensity of metal production increase over time, but that there is also an increased diversity of the types of objects being manufactured. However, the main distinction between the Late Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Age is in the contexts in which metal was being used. There is a clear increase in the use of metal in mortuary contexts during the early centuries of the third millennium, especially in the region of the Euphrates Valley that is close to the modern Turkish-Syrian border, a situation that reflects the ability of a greater proportion of the population to manipulate surplus resources. This thesis, therefore, stresses the close relationship between the changing economic and socio-political systems with the changing social use of metal over time from the late fourth millennium through the first half of the early third millennium.

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Law, Robert. "The development and perpetuation of a ceramic tradition : the significance of Collared Urns in Early Bronze Age social life." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611187.

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Harris, S. M. "Cloth in prehistoric societies : the social context of cloth in prehistory, with case studies from northern Italy and the Alpine region from the Neolithic to Bronze Age." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444781/.

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The aim of this thesis is to explore the social context of cloth from the Neolithic to Bronze Age (C.5500-1000BC) in the central Alpine region of Europe. The time spans from early farming to metal using societies and includes changes in the way cloth is produced and used. The Alpine region is a good place to study cloth as it includes waterlogged, frozen and salt environments where cloth is preserved. To achieve my aim I have reconsidered the definition of cloth as flexible, thin sheets of material that can be wrapped, folded, shaped and tied. The purpose of this is to approach the interrelated technologies of cloth types including animal skins, textiles, netting and twining. A further methodological concern is to investigate these cloth types in a holistic manner, as they would have existed in the societies, that is, throughout the whole sequence of production and use. I called this method the extended chame operatoire. To develop these stages in the production and use of cloth I investigate social contextual themes, including issues of time and place, the use of tools and equipment in relation to techniques and the social identity of participants in terms of gender, age and role. This approach is developed throughout the analysis of the extended chaine operatoire and applied more specifically to case studies of selected sites in the region. The cases studies include the waterlogged lake dwelling settlement of Homstaad Hornle IA, Lake Constance c. 3900 BC, the frozen Iceman from the Italian Alps, c. 3300 BC, the representation of cloth on the stelae from Sion, Swiss Valais c. 2800 BC, the waterlogged lake dwelling settlement of Molina di Ledro, Trentino c.2300-1500 BC and the salt preserved cloth artefacts from the Bronze Age salt mines in Hallstatt, Austria, c.1400 BC.

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Dias-Meirinho, Marie-Hélène. "Des Armes et des Hommes. L'archerie à la transition fin du Néolithique/Age du Bronze en Europe occidentale." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655169.

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Part importante de l'armement préhistorique pour les périodes récentes (quantitativement et qualitativement), l'archerie représente un objet d'étude riche en développements problématiques. A l'aube de l'introduction progressive de la métallurgie dans les usages techniques, il est intéressant de saisir le ou les processus de transferts mis en œuvre. Transition chronologique (Néolithique/Age du bronze), transition matérielle (types de pièces produites et types de matériaux employés) et transition comportementale sont ainsi envisagées pour parvenir à préciser le statut de cet armement dans les sociétés concernées. En nous basant sur la caractérisation de la panoplie de l'archer, sur l'identification des contextes de fabrication, sur la reconnaissance des champs fonctionnels (utilisations et usagers) et sur l'analyse archéo-balistique des vestiges de traumatismes par flèches dans le cadre de violences interhumaines, il en résulte un ensemble exhaustif qui renouvelle sensiblement la perception de cet armement dans le temps et dans les usages.

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Whalen, Jessica Lea. "Feasting and shared drinking practices in the Early Bronze Age 11-111 (2650-2000 BC) of north-central and western Anatolia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25695.

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Feasting and shared drinking are long suspected to have been practiced in Anatolian settlements during the Early Bronze Age (EBA). New drinking vessels of metal and ceramic seem meant for drinking together with others. Platters and bowls seem intended to display food and vessel handling. No study has examined these practices in detail. This is largely because of a lack of evidence for the production of special beverages, for instance wine, beer, or mead. The Early Bronze Age is a period of intensifying personal distinction. It is characterised by developments in metallurgy, craft production, long-distance exchange, and at some sites, monumental architecture. Yet how EBA Anatolian communities were organised is unclear. A lack of writing and a limited number of seals suggest that there was no central administration within settlements. This contrasts with contemporaneous sites in southeastern Turkey and in Mesopotamia, whose metallurgy, craft production, architecture, and other developments were overseen by temple and palace complexes. This thesis uses feasting and drinking as a way to examine the social complexity of EBA Anatolian sites. It compiles evidence for these activities in both north-central and western Anatolia. It analyses the incidence of different drinking and pouring shapes across sites, and qualitatively assesses vessel features and the contexts in which they are found. This thesis also evaluates the role of drinking and feasting within settlements. It assesses the settings where drinking and feasting was practiced, together with other indices from each site. Two theoretical models are used to evaluate these activities. One details how the use of objects facilitate social relationships. Another specifies how communities may be organised. Both models provide a wide spectrum for assessing the drinking, feasting, and organisational evidence from sites. These models allow for variation: in how drink and food are used to form social relationships, and also in social complexity. The approach is able to distinguish between different organisational and social strategies across sites and regions. This detail is key for beginning to understand Anatolia's unique development during the period.

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Green, John David Michael. "Ritual and social structure in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Southern Levant : the cemetery at Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444724/.

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This thesis examines ritual and social structure in the Southern Levantine Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages, through a detailed study of the cemetery at Tell es-Sa'idiyeh (Jordan). The cemetery phases examined date broadly from the late thirteenth to tenth centuries BCE, and consist of approximately 300 burials. Two socio-historical settings are of relevance here. The first (13th-12th Centuries BCE) relates to a final phase of Egyptian economic and military domination in the region. The second (11th-10th/9th Centuries BCE) relates to a widespread re-emergence of local semi-independent polities in the Central Valleys after the collapse of the Late Bronze Age city-states and the Egyptian withdrawal. It is argued that responses to widespread socio-political cultural and economic changes in the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age transition had a significant impact on social structure and kinship relations - affecting the ways in which the dead were perceived and treated by the living. Through a combined quantitative and contextual study of the burial data, aspects of variability in the expression of social rank, age and gender, and cultural identity in the Sa'idiyeh cemetery are examined, and in turn compared and contrasted with 'living' societal models. Elements of continuity and change are explored, including attitudes to the body, variability in the deposition of grave-objects, and aspects of commemoration, re-use and cemetery organization. The relationship between ritual and social structure is examined through a 'rites of passage' framework that breaks down the burial context both temporally and spatially. It is argued that aspects of status and identity (as expressed by the living survivors) were partly formulated and transformed through the deposition of special objects and the elaboration of ritual space. These actions helped to create and reproduce social distinctions through ritual performance and memory. The results of this analysis provide new insights into the societies of the Jordan Valley in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. In the 13th-12th Centuries, 'death-styles' at Sa'idiyeh are seen as reflecting social inequalities and unstable relationships between dominant foreign powers and local elites, with evidence for ritual innovation, elite emulation, and individualized status expression in death. In the 11th-10th Centuries, changing socio-economic and political conditions contributed to the formation of a more 'egalitarian' social structure, with emerging gender inequalities and expressions of associative status that emphasized kinship relations within commemorative death rituals.

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Dikomitou, M. "Ceramic production, distribution, and social interaction : an analytical approach to the study of Early and Middle Bronze Age pottery from Cyprus." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1357843/.

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This thesis is a multi-dimensional investigation into the technology of Early and Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2400-1700 BC) pottery production in Cyprus, involving physicochemical analyses of raw materials and their processing, their possible provenance and the study of the various stages of the production sequence. In particular, macroscopic examination, optical microscopy, ED-XRF and SEM-EDS were employed for a combined petrographic and chemical study of different ceramic types for the reconstruction of ceramic production traditions, and the inference of possible networks of social interaction between contemporary settlements, as reflected in patterns of ceramic production and provenance. This large-scale analytical project is developed through two case studies. The first is a comparative analysis of Red Polished Philia ware from the sites of Vasilia Kylistra, Philia Vasiliko and Laksia tou Kasinou, Kyra Alonia, Nicosia Ayia Paraskevi, Marki Alonia, Kissonerga Mosphilia and Skalia. The core focus of the second case study is the settlement of Marki Alonia from where various typical ceramic types were analysed for a diachronic technological assessment of pottery production and patterns of ceramic distribution at a single, well-documented settlement. The general impression is that for more than seven hundred years ceramic production was primarily pursued at a local level with only minor imports from larger production centres. The only unambiguous patterns of raw material selection throughout this period are related to the production of Philia and cooking pot fabrics, and ceramic slips. The island-wide network of Philia inter-regional interaction, reflected in a technologically uniform Red Polished Philia ware, broke down on the threshold of the Early Cypriot I period into more regional patterns, reflected in a more diverse repertoire of Red Polished fabrics. A low degree of standardisation in ceramic production reappeared only in the Early Cypriot III period, when some attempts were made at better quality control.

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Pydyn, Andrzej. "The social and cultural impact of exchange, trade and interregional contacts in the transition from the late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age in central Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363733.

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Zafeiriadis, Paschalis. "Society Makes Itself: Analyzing Spatial and Social Structures in Late Neolithic (ca. 5300-4500 B.C.) – Early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2000 B.C.) Macedonia, Greece." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1543847743106245.

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Sureda, Pau. "Les comunitats prehistòriques pitiüses i la seva interacció social: aportacions des de l'arqueometal·lúrgia i els espais domèstics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378350.

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Des d’una perspectiva materialista, la present tesi doctoral analitza les característiques socials i econòmiques de les comunitats prehistòriques de les illes Pitiüses (Eivissa i Formentera). Es realitzen aportacions significatives als seus espais i activitats domèstics a partir del cas del poblat de Cap de Barbaria II i s’avalua el pes dels contactes exteriors a parir de l’estudi arqueomètric de la seva metal·lúrgica. Tot plegat aporta informacions substancials sobre les dinàmiques històriques pròpies de les illes Balears, en el context general del Mediterrani Occidental durant l’edat del bronze (ca 2.100-850 cal ANE).
This PhD thesis examines the social and economic structure of prehistoric communities in the Pityusic Islands (Ibiza and Formentera) from a materialistic perspective. The case of Cap de Barbaria II site has allowed for significant contributions to be made on the understanding of settlements and household activities. The significance of external contacts has been also approached from an archaeometallurgical perspective. Finally, light is shed on the historical dynamics of the Balearic Islands within the general context of the Western Mediterranean during the Bronze Age (ca. 2100-850 cal BCE).

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Mitcham, Douglas James. "Life with the stones : monuments, fields, settlement and social practice : revealing the hidden Neolithic-Early Bronze Age landscapes of Exmoor, SW Britain." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39909.

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This thesis characterizes and interprets the nature of Exmoor’s late 3rd and early 2nd millennium BC landscapes, including an unusual array of ‘minilithic’ stone configurations. It develops a new theoretical framework using an ontology of assemblages, the concept of affectivity and perspectives on miniaturisation and scale, adopting a Deleuzian understanding of materiality. This promotes an exploration of the processes which led to the appearance, use and dispersal of archaeological entities as assemblages. It includes all forms of people’s interactions with materials, monuments, material culture (lithics) and landscapes; questioning the value of classificatory approaches and studying such themes as monumentality in isolation. The first detailed study of the lithic collections explores how the ontological significance of stone developed over millennia, leading to the emergence of upright stone configurations in the landscape. A detailed synthesis of the available archaeological evidence from excavation, survey, HER and museum datasets is then presented focusing on three case study zones, with entirely new interpretations developed for key sites at multiple scales. It then goes on to explore their wider relationships in terms of chronology, spatial placement, archaeological and landscape context. This is achieved through GIS analysis, original fieldwork (field visits, surveys, geophysics and excavation) and the synthesis and re-interpretation of secondary and archive data. The wider context of Exmoor is then briefly assessed, particularly drawing on evidence from Bodmin Moor. Tendencies to dismiss Exmoor as a poorer relation of such regions is challenged. Exmoor’s monuments challenge thinking on monumentality, particularly regarding the establishment of authority, through the choreography of space, movement and visibility. The miniliths had distinct affective qualities, with a unique capacity for frequent reconfiguration, quite different from megalithic sites elsewhere; yet many of the same practices are apparent. On Exmoor however, what people were doing with these practices was wholly different.

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Huet, Thomas. "Etude des gravures protohistoriques de la zone des lacs (zones I, II, III et V) de la région du mont Bego, Tende, Alpes-Maritimes (Master 2)." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715386.

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Ce travail est consacrée à la zone la plus basse en altitude du secteur des Merveilles dans la région du mont Bego. Les quelques 650 roches, et les quelques 6800 gravures, qui s'y trouvent, ont été étudiées pour la première fois dans l'histoire du site avec l'aide d'un SIG. Les principaux résultats concernent la cartographie de regroupements spécifiques de thèmes dans différentes localités géographiques, la verticalité significative des supports accueillant les réticulés à appendices (figures à franges anthropomorphes), l'horizontalité des réticulés et des orants, etc.

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Strack, Sara. "Regional dynamics and social change in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age : a study of handmade pottery from southern and central Greece." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25228.

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Late Bronze and Early Iron Age handmade pottery, predominantly of utilitarian character, represents a section of material culture least prone to be affected by elite exchange and changing fashions, allowing a glimpse at the every-day life of households in Mycenaean and post-Mycenaean Greece. The sudden occurrence of handmade wares in the late Mycenaean period, their chronological coincidence with major destructions of Mycenaean citadels, and their presence within the following, formative period leading to the emergence of a new political system in the polis, have led to examination of the social status and ethnic affiliation of the markers of these types of pottery. The present study considers these issues by, first, discussion of the material evidence, and second, interpretation of the findings in the context of the social and economic changes marking the transition from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age. Chapter I introduces the history of scholarship and past foci of research. Chapter II discusses the Bronze Age ‘Handmade Burnished Ware’, a type of pottery found predominantly in Mycenaean citadels and associated with levels pertinent to the end of the palaces, but unrelated technologically and stylistically to Mycenaean wares. Chapter III examines the Early Iron Age material, within broad geographic sections encompassing the Aegean islands and Euboea, the northeast Peloponnese, Attica, and Central Greece. The chapter’s main foci are establishing a cogent typology, based on shapes as much as on fabric and function, outlining the chronological and regional distribution of wares and shapes, and elucidating the inter-regional and intra-regional dynamics of the areas under study. Case studies of individual sites and assemblages in Chapter IV illustrate the functions filled by handmade wares in domestic, funerary, and ritual contexts. Chapter V explores the social and economic changes observable at the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age transition.

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Cheung, Christina. "The social dynamics of early bronze age China : a bio-molecular approach to the exploration of the regional and interregional interactions in Shang China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55845.

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The Shang Dynasty (ca 1600 – 1046 BC) is considered one of the earliest state-societies in the world, as well as the earliest literate civilization in East Asia. The last capital of the Shang Dynasty, Yinxu (located in present day Anyang, Henan, China; ca. 1250–1046 BC) is therefore a crucial site for archaeologists to understand early states and the process of state formation in early Bronze Age China. In this thesis, stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur of bone collagen from a total of 379 humans from Yinxu (n=119) and 12 roughly contemporaneous neighbouring sites (n=260) are analyzed to reconstruct past dietary as well as mobility patterns for these individuals. This thesis consists of three projects. The first project examines the internal social dynamics of Yinxu by comparing the reconstructed diets of 39 individuals from Xin’anzhuang (XAZ), a residential neighbourhood located in Yinxu, with other archaeological and mortuary evidence. The second project reconstructs and compares dietary practices of sacrificial victims (n=64) with that of the local residents from XAZ, in order to address a key archaeological question that concerns the social identities of sacrificial victims found at the royal cemetery in Yinxu. The third project attempts to investigate the social dynamics of early Bronze Age China within a larger context. In addition to the 127 individuals examined in the first two projects, this project reconstructs and then compares the diets of local Yinxu inhabitants from four additional localities (n=16) with individuals (n=26) from six late Neolithic to early Bronze Age sites from the Central Plain of China. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of an additional 234 individuals from six other sites taken from published reports were also included to expand the geographic scope of this study. Results from these three studies reveal that Yinxu consisted of an agglomeration of people of different socio-cultural affiliations, further confirming the hypothesis that Yinxu was a vibrant, diverse cultural center in early Bronze Age China, where goods, ideas, technologies, and people from different cultural groups were gathered and exchanged.
Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate

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Baxevani, Paraskevi A. "The evolution of social complexity in the Early Bronze Age east Mediterranean : a cross-cultural analysis of tomb groups from the southern Levant, Cyprus, and Crete." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21512.

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The present thesis intends to offer an archaeological approach to the study of sociopolitical complexity in ancient societies through the cross-cultural examination of mortuary variability. The aim is to monitor different trajectories of complexity in the archaeological records of three societies in the East Mediterranean, the southern Levant, Cyprus, and Crete during the Early Bronze Age. Chapter 1 comprises a literature review of the major anthropological and archaeological perspectives on the evolution of complex societies. Chapter 2 includes a brief review on the applications of the cross-cultural method in archaeology and anthropology, and a discussion on the wider implications of the approach for archaeological research. Chapter 3 comprises a literature review on mortuary analysis and social inference in both ethnographically and archaeologically documented societies, and an outline of the methodology developed for the present research. In Chapters 4, 5 and 6, the results of the analysis of the tombs groups are presented in conjunction with a wider discussion on the evolution of complexity in each area.

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Čučković, Zoran. "La mémoire du paysage : structuration des espaces protohistoriques de l'interfluve Seine-Yonne (France) et de l’Istrie-Kvarner (Croatie)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCC002.

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Habiter un espace revient à habiter son histoire. C’est une histoire subie, l’héritage des développements antérieurs, mais c’est aussi une histoire transmise, une mémoire collective activement entretenue.Cette thèse examine le rôle de la mémoire collective dans la création des paysages et des territoires de la Protohistoire européenne (fin IIIe – Ier millénaire av. n. e.). Quatre études sont présentées, portant sur deux zones spécifiques, l’une dans le Bassin parisien (interfluve Seine-Yonne) et l’autre au bord de la mer Adriatique (presqu’île d’Istrie et baie du Kvarner).Les études sont regroupées dans deux thématiques majeures. La première porte sur les ancrages mémoriels, en l’occurrence les nécropoles. Comment entretient-on ces lieux de mémoire, dans quel but ? Il s’agit de comprendre non seulement leur emploi pour la commémoration du passé ancestral, mais aussi leur rôle dans la constitution du temps social.La seconde thématique se focalise sur le territoire en tant qu’institution sociale. Durant la Protohistoire, l’appropriation de l’espace, bien qu’intimement liée aux pratiques, au mode de vie, est souvent exprimée par la gestion des nécropoles : l’emprise sur le présent passe par l’emprise sur le passé. Quel est le caractère du territoire ainsi instauré, par quelles pratiques a-t-il été mis en place ? Les études de cette partie font appel à l’analyse de visibilité afin d’évaluer l’impact visuel des structures dans le paysage et, par-là, d’étudier le « discours paysager » qui se déploie au travers des interventions dans le paysage
A space cannot be inhabited without inhabiting its history. Such history is endured as the contingency of historical processes, but it is also handed down as collective memory.This thesis provides an analysis of European Bronze and Iron Age landscapes and territories from the perspective of social memory (end 3rd –1st millennium BC). Four studies, covering two study areas are presented: the interfluve Seine-Yonne (Parisian Basin) and the peninsula of Istria with Kvarner Bay, on the shores of the Adriatic Sea (Croatia).The case studies are grouped under two main themes. The first theme examines memorial landmarks, necropoles in particular. How were these places used and maintained, what was their purpose? It follows that besides commemorating the past, burial places were used to maintain and model social time.The second theme turns to territory, namely its institutionalisation. During the later Prehistory, the appropriation of space must have been intimately related to economic and other everyday practices, but the hold over such space was often expressed through the maintenance of necropoles; as if the hold over present passed through the hold over the past. What was the character of such territories, through which practices were they maintained? Two studies grouped in this section rely on visibility analysis in order to evaluate the visual impact of memorial and landmark structures (burial mounds and hillforts). This approach provides clues on the “landscape discourse”, maintained through various, conspicuous interventions in the landscape

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Huet, Thomas. "Organisation spatiale et sériation des gravures piquetées du mont Bego." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712290.

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Ce travail s'inscrit essentiellement dans une démarche géographique et statistique en s'intéressant aux tendances centrales (distributions, moyennes, écarts-types, etc.) des quelques 20 000 gravures piquetées figuratives de la région du mont Bego (Alpes-Maritimes, France). Pour la première fois, l'utilisation conjointe d'un SIG et d'analyses statistiques (analyses multifactorielles, tests de comparaisons multiples, etc.) permet de mettre en relation les proximités géographiques et les ressemblances iconographiques entre les roches gravées et les gravures. Les classifications sont automatisées ; des effets de série et de partition sont mis en évidence. L'utilisation de tests statistiques (test de Dunn, etc.) permet de donner un sens précis à " significatif ", un terme parfois employé abusivement pour commenter les distributions de gravures. Les interprétations sont ainsi reléguées à la part congrue de l'analyse. Parallèlement aux analyses géostatistiques, un travail de recensement et de vérification des superpositions de gravures a été mené. L'étude des superpositions indique que les gravures d'armes (poignards et hallebardes) sont parmi les plus récentes. A l'opposé, les Figures à franges (anthropomorphes), apparaissent parmi les plus anciennes. La révision du mobilier archéologique a permis de préciser les périodes d'occupation du site en soulignant l'abondance du matériel attribuable à la période récente du Chasséen et au Campaniforme récent. Si une partie des gravures d'armes sont à rattacher au Campaniforme récent et à la première phase du Bronze ancien, d'autres gravures pourraient être attribuées à des périodes plus anciennes.

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An, Jingping [Verfasser], Wiebke [Akademischer Betreuer] Kirleis, and Johannes [Gutachter] Müller. "Archaeobotanical investigations on the role of agriculture in social changes: case studies of the Central Plain and Haidai Region, China, from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age / Jingping An ; Gutachter: Johannes Müller ; Betreuer: Wiebke Kirleis." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238074294/34.

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Pérez, Claire. "Quel(s) tropisme(s) atlantique(s) pour les cultures de la péninsule ibérique ? : le mobilier métallique du XIIIe au VIIIe a.C. : entre innovation et tradition." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015286.

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Dans l'historiographie de l'âge du Bronze final, le tiers ouest de la péninsule Ibérique est considéré comme une province atlantique, qui interagit avec les autres "membres" du complexe atlantique, c'est-à-dire, les territoires de la France, de la Grande-Bretagne et de l'Irlande principalement. Dans ce réseau, les populations échangeraient individus, objets, idées et savoir-faire ; elles créeraient ainsi un espace délimité par la présence d'un lot d'artefacts communs (des outils, des armes, de la parure...) et par des pratiques communes (le festin, la déposition d'objets métalliques, etc.). Il est à noter que pratiques funéraires, architecture de l'habitat et matériel céramique sont de nature différentes et ont très tôt été exclus de cette définition, empêchant de qualifier cet ensemble de culture homogène. Un premier constat concernant la dispersion du mobilier métallique, réputé de types atlantiques, démontre qu'il existe en péninsule Ibérique des réseaux d'échanges puissants entre l'Atlantique et la Méditerranée, qui amènent à questionner le rôle et la place du territoire au sein du "complexe atlantique" européen. Ces remarques naissent d'un regard nouveau porté au vestige archéologique et amènent à questionner l'existence d'un faciès atlantique en péninsule Ibérique, et peut-être même en Europe. L'analyse des correspondances multiples, qui consiste à confronter plusieurs paramètres, répond à ce besoin de considérer le vestige archéologique comme un objet fonctionnel, fabriqué et utilisé par des hommes de l'âge du Bronze final. Dans le cas des épées, des haches et des pointes de lance, il s'agit de relever des critères quantitatifs et qualitatifs qui seront comparés successivement les uns avec les autres. L'objectif est de répondre à une série de questions précises, déterminées par des hypothèses relatives à la fabrication, à la fonction et à l'usage de l'objet. Ce travail est développé en trois temps qui se veulent les reflets des différents questionnements mis en place dès l'introduction. Le premier chapitre présente les enjeux du débat et la question principale qui oriente l'argumentation : Existe-t-il un faciès atlantique ? Le deuxième chapitre est dédié à l'étude des objets, particulièrement les épées, les haches et les pointes de lance. Cette étude rend compte du traitement statistique effectué mais également de l'analyse technique et fonctionnelle des objets. Le troisième chapitre constitue la synthèse de ces différentes approches et propose plusieurs éléments de réponse à la question de départ : existe-t-il un faciès atlantique en péninsule Ibérique ?

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Lazzarini, Catherine Marie. "Les tombes royales et les tombes de prestige en Mésopotamie et en Syrie du Nord au Bronze Ancien." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20023/document.

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Les tombes royales et les tombes de prestige sont spécifiques d’une partie de la communauté détenant un pouvoir régional ou local. Dans le contexte du Bronze Ancien en Mésopotamie et en Syrie, l’étude archéologique a permis de distinguer les tombes de prestige des autres tombes selon trois critères principaux : l’architecture monumentale, la localisation topographique et le matériel funéraire déposés dans les tombes. Ces traits constituent un ensemble de signes complexes intégré dans un discours idéologique. L’étude a eu pour objectif de replacer les pratiques funéraires dans la société et les pratiques rituelles et sociales du pouvoir. Une perspective anthropologique apportée au sujet des tombes royales et de prestige a permis de mettre en évidence comment les pratiques funéraires sont un instrument institutionnel de manipulation idéologique, intégrées dans un discours social et politique structuré. Comme d’autres moments centraux de la société, les pratiques funéraires sont des pratiques rituelles et sociales qui jouent un rôle dans la représentation du pouvoir des élites et la structuration de la communauté. Elles permettent de reproduire et de maintenir l’équilibre social et de justifier le pouvoir des dites élites
The royal tombs and the tombs of prestige are specific of a group detaining a regional power or local power. We have identified archaeological traits in the Syrian and Mesopotamian Early Bronze Age context which could distinguish the prestige tombs from the others. These formal features are the monumental architecture, the specific location of the prestige tombs and the group of graves associated, and the grave goods. The wealth of the deposition and the structure are characteristics of the prestige tombs and it constitutes complex signs integrated in an ideological discourse. Thus, an anthropological perspective has been essential to appreciate the social implication of the elite funerary practices. As others main events in the society, funerary practices of prestige are rituals and social practices which play a role in the representation of the elite power and in the structure of the society. The royal tombs and the tombs of prestige are social instruments of ideological manipulation; the funerary practices are integrated in social discourse through rituals in order to reproduce and maintain social structure and justify the elite power

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Brodard, Aurélie. "Caractérisation thermique de structures de combustion par les effets de la chauffe sur les minéraux : thermoluminescence et propriétés magnétiques de foyers de la grotte des Fraux (Dordogne)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870483.

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Les structures de combustion constituent un témoin de la fréquentation humaine et leur étude permet d'appréhender un aspect du mode d'occupation d'un lieu donné. Ainsi, pour compléter les approches classiques qui s'intéressent à la typologie des foyers, à la fréquence des feux, à la nature des combustibles, etc., une caractérisation thermique de ces structures a été proposée. Elle s'appuie sur les impacts thermiques enregistrés par les sédiments soumis aux feux et plus précisément sur les modifications des propriétés de thermoluminescence (TL) et de magnétisme avec la chauffe.Le site-laboratoire est celui de la grotte de Fraux (Dordogne), occupée à l'Âge du bronze, dont le statut et le mode d'occupation pose question puisqu'elle présente tant des vestiges domestiques (sols de circulation, foyers, mobiliers) que des vestiges symboliques (manifestations pariétales, dépôts de mobilier). La place importante des foyers parmi ces vestiges a induit une étude spécifique de ces structures. En effet, ce site recèle plus d'une soixantaine de structures de combustion et, aspect important pour notre approche archéométrique, présente un état de conservation exceptionnel puisque la grotte est restée fermée depuis l'occupation de l'Âge du bronze.L'étude de certains foyers de la grotte des Fraux a permis de tester le potentiel de paléothermomètres fondés sur ces deux propriétés indépendantes à savoir la TL des grains de quartz et le magnétisme des oxydes de fer contenus dans les sédiments. Le paléothermomètre TL a été élaboré en comparant les signaux TL d'échantillons provenant de foyers archéologiques à ceux de références thermiques chauffées en laboratoire. Pour le magnétisme deux pistes ont été exploitées : les températures de déblocage de l'aimantation rémanente et l'évolution de la signature magnétique -minéralogie et taille de grain) avec la chauffe. La détermination des paléotempératures atteintes par les sédiments substrats des structures de combustion apporte une première indication sur leur intensité de chauffe. Afin d'étalonner ces informations paléothermométriques en termes d'énergie mise en jeu, des feux expérimentaux ont été réalisés. Ils ont permis de comparer les impacts thermiques entre feux archéologiques et feux expérimentaux, de construire un échantillonnage d'histoire thermique connue, mais aussi d'estimer les températures atteintes, les épaisseurs de sédiments affectés, les quantités de combustibles consommés pendant un temps donné, la quantité d'énergie dégagée par la combustion... Ces expérimentations ont aussi servi de base à une modélisation de la propagation de la chaleur dans les sédiments. Les simulations effectuées dans ce modèle numérique permettent alors d'estimer un temps minimal de fonctionnement des structures de combustion.Nous disposons ainsi d'un nouvel outil pour la caractérisation thermique de foyers archéologiques.

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Pieters, Maxence. "Les outils comme traceurs des activités de transformation des métaux? : supports de frappe, abrasifs et brunissoirs, outils d'aiguisage et outils de broyage." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01054571.

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Les outils lithiques sont nombreux aux âges des métaux, mais encore peu étudiés. Dans les activités de mise en forme des métaux, ils sont représentés essentiellement par les supports de frappe, les abrasifs, les brunissoirs, les outils d'aiguisage et les outils de broyage. Certains sont également fabriqués en métal (supports de frappe) ou en céramique (abrasifs, outils d'aiguisage). Les formes contemporaines de ces outils sont trop différentes pour permettre une comparaison directe. Il est donc nécessaire de travailler à partir de la fonction des outils, déduite de l'analyse de leur structure. Les supports de frappe liés à la mise en forme du métal sont facilement identifiables. Ils permettent de restituer de façon plus ou moins précise les objets qu'ils ont servis à fabriquer. Les abrasifs sont difficiles à relier à un matériau, mais leurs traces d'utilisation sont caractéristiques des profils des objets. Les brunissoirs sont caractéristiques du travail du métal, surtout la tôle. Les outils d'aiguisage sont essentiellement conçus pour l'entretien des lames, mais il est possible d'identifier certains outils utilisés pour le travail de taillanderie. Les outils de broyage sont également utilisés pour la cuisine. Mais on peut distinguer les exemplaires utilisés pour le broyage des matériaux (terre, dégraissant). L'étude de la pierre permet également de reconstituer les sources d'approvisionnement en matériaux et de reconstituer les axes d'échanges et d'exploitation du territoire.

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Vergnaud, Baptiste. "Recherches sur les fortifications d'Anatolie occidentale et centrale au début du premier millénaire av. J.-C. (Xe-VIe s.)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802897.

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La présente thèse vise à apporter des éclaircissements sur la réapparition du souci défensif, sa matérialisation et son évolution en Anatolie occidentale et centrale au début du premier millénaire av. J.-C. (Xe-VIe s.). Le territoire soumis à l'examen comprend la Phrygie, la boucle de l'Halys, la Carie, la Lydie, l'Ionie, l'Eolide et la Troade. Cette étude s'intéresse en premier lieu aux différentes méthodes de fortification utilisées au cours de cette période. Par l'examen des principales caractéristiques architecturales des murs de défense (techniques de construction, dispositifs défensifs), cette étude cherche à déterminer de quelle manière ces nouvelles constructions s'inscrivent dans la tradition architecturale anatolienne et dans quelle mesure leurs concepteurs contribuèrent à l'évolution de celle-ci en adoptant et en transformant les méthodes de fortification qui en sont issues. La construction d'un rempart, parce qu'elle impliquait de nombreux acteurs, était un fait de société majeur. Par leur conception, les techniques utilisées pour leur construction, leur emprise dans le paysage, les murailles sont des monuments chargés de symboles et des témoins privilégiés de l'histoire des sociétés qui les ont construites et perfectionnées. Au-delà des considérations archéologiques, cette étude s'attache donc aussi à replacer la construction de fortifications dans le contexte militaire mouvementé de l'Anatolie préclassique et tente également d'évaluer l'impact d'un tel projet de construction dans l'histoire politique et sociale des populations anatoliennes de l'âge du fer.

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"The Role of Kin Relations and Residential Mobility During the Transition from Final Neolithic to Early Bronze Age in Attica, Greece." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.34928.

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abstract: This dissertation addresses the role of kinship and residential mobility during the transition from Final Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (ca. 3500 – 2500 BC) in Attica, Greece. It examines descent systems, ancestor formation, and the interplay between biological, social, and spatial structure in mortuary practices. It also evaluates the nature and degree of residential mobility and its potential role in the formation and maintenance of social networks. Archaeological hypotheses on the kin-based structure of formal cemeteries, the familial use of collective tombs, marriage practices and mate exchange, and relocation were tested focusing on the Early Helladic cemetery of Tsepi at Marathon. Tsepi constitutes the earliest formally organized cemetery on the Greek mainland and it has also contributed to enduring debates over the nature of the interaction between the eastern Attic coast and the central Aegean islands. This study integrates osteological, biogeochemical, and archaeological data. Inherited dental and cranial features were used to examine biological relatedness and postmarital residence (biodistance analysis). Biochemical analysis of archaeological and modern samples was conducted to examine the geographic origins of the individuals buried in the cemetery and reconstruct mobility patterns. Osteological and biogeochemical data were interpreted in conjunction with archaeological and ethnographic/ethnohistoric data. The results generally supported a relationship between spatial organization and biological relatedness based on phenotypic similarity at Tsepi. Postmarital residence analysis showed exogamous practices and tentatively supported higher male than female mobility. This practice, along with dietary inferences, could also be suggestive of maritime activities. Biogeochemical analysis showed a local character for the cemetery sample (96%). The common provenance of the three non-local individuals might reflect a link between Tsepi and a single locale. Burial location was not determined by provenance or solely by biological relatedness. Overall, the results point towards more nuanced reconstructions of mobility in prehistoric Aegean and suggest that burial location depended on a complex set of inter-individual relationships and collective identities. The contextualized bioarchaeological approach applied in this study added to the anthropological investigations of social practices such as kin relations (e.g., biological, marital, social kinship) and residential relocation as diachronic mechanisms of integration, adaptation, or differentiation.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2015

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Sosna, Daniel. "Social differentiation in the Late Copper Age and the Early Bronze Age in South Moravia (Czech Republic)." 2007. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04092007-221615.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2007.
Advisor: William A. Parkinson, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed July 3, 2007). Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 360 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

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Pankowská, Anna. "Rekonstrukce zdraví a životního stylu jedinců pohřbených v sídlištních jamách a hrobech starší a střední doby bronzové na základě patologických znaků na kostře." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332555.

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An increase in the diversity of Early Bronze Age (EBA) burial practices is well documented in central and southern Moravia between 2200-1500 BC. Apart from scarce cremations and pithoi burials, two more frequent parallel burial types appear. One is the standard burials in cemeteries, the other burials in settlement pits, the latter considered a deviation until recently. Thanks to recent excavations and new quantification procedures, however, abundance of settlement burials as well as uniformity and predictability of body deposition and grave equipment in pit burials has been shown. My intention is to show the existence of two parallel burial rites on the basis of bioarchaeological and archaeological evidence. I focus on the reconstruction of health and social status of individuals buried in settlement pits and graves. I observe the amount of demographic variability, diseases and trauma within each group. I suppose the distribution of diseases according to age, sex and archaeological record will be similar within each of the groups. As a result, we may speak about two equivalent burial practices. If deviations are encountered within settlement pits, however, we should speak about deviations or burials determined for a minority and homogeneous segment of population. Skeletons originate in two...

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Early Bronze Age; Social prehistory'

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