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Journal articles on the topic 'Early Bronze IV'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Falconer, Steven E., and Patricia L. Fall. "A Radiocarbon Sequence from Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj, Jordan and its Implications for Early Bronze IV Chronology in the Southern Levant." Radiocarbon 58, no. 3 (2016): 615–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.26.

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AbstractTell Abu en-Ni‘aj, an agrarian Early Bronze IV village in the northern Jordan Valley, Jordan, provides a series of 24 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) seed dates spanning seven stratified phases of occupation. Bayesian analysis of these ages reveals that habitation at Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj began between 2600 and 2500 cal BC and ended just before 2000 cal BC. This sequence provides the longest radiocarbon record of occupation for an Early Bronze IV settlement in the southern Levant and pushes the beginning of the Levantine Early Bronze IV earlier than proposed previously. When integrated

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2

Stepanova, N. F., Y. F. Kiryushin, and E. A. Bogaichuk. "Results of the study of Early and Middle Bronze Age ceramics from the Tukh-Emtor IV settlement (Vasyuganskaya Plain)." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 30 (2024): 760–66. https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2024.30.0760-0766.

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The article presents the data of the study of Early and Middle Bronze Age pottery from the settlement of Tukh-Emtor IV carried out within the framework of the historical and cultural approach according to A.A. Bobrinsky method. The main task was to identify the specific features of cultural traditions in the selection of raw materials and the preparation of the pottery paste. Studies decoration techniques include identification of the features of the tool working edge and the ornamentation techniques. It was established that ferruginous clays were used in the production of Early Bronze Age cer

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3

Horwitz, Liora Kolska. "Sedentism in the Early Bronze IV: A Faunal Perspective." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 275 (August 1989): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1356875.

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4

Palumbo, Gaetano, and Glen Peterman. "Early Bronze Age IV Ceramic Regionalism in Central Jordan." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 289 (February 1993): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357360.

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5

SAGONA, A. G. "An Early Bronze Age IV Tomb at El-Qitar, Syria." Ancient Near Eastern Studies 24 (January 1, 1986): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/anes.24.0.2012522.

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6

Gasparyan, B., and S. N. Korenevskiy. "An Early Bronze Age Hoard of Bronze Tools from Dvin, Central Armenia." Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia (Russian-language) 49, no. 2 (2021): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2021.49.2.043-052.

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Статья посвящена публикации клада, найденного в 2018 г. на вершине холма у с. Двин в Армении. Клад включает семь кинжалов и шесть тесел. Аналогии последним выявлены в Приереванском кладе бронзовых топоров-клевцов и тесел у с. Джрашен, а также в кладе Нахаль-Мишмар в Израиле. Рассмотрены особенности двинских тесел, одной из которых является сильно скругленное лезвие, напоминающее окончания клиньев боевых секир бронзового века. Определен тип кинжалов из Двинского клада. Все они однотипные, по форме сходны с бесчеренковыми кинжалами майкопской культуры, но более массивные. Проанализирован состав

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7

Nikolova, L. "COPPER AGE-BRONZE AGE TRANSFORMATION AND EVOLUTIONOF THE EARLY BRONZE COMMUNITIES (IV-III MILLENNIUM CAL. BCЕ)". Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and Political Science), № 5 (2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-676x-2020-5-56-63.

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8

A., Kiyashko. "Settlement of the Bronze Age Lisovitsky Balka IV in Taman: general view and characterisation of the metal inventory." Archaeological news 30 (2020): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-30-207-222.

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This paper presents preliminary information on the results of the investigation of 2016 at the of the Bronze Age settlement-site of Lisovitsky Balka IV on the Taman Peninsula. A three-phase periodization of the site is proposed including the following stages: the Kamenskaya culture of the final Middle Bronze Age, early and the late Sa- batinovka culture of the Late Bronze Age. The last stage is marked by the utmost activity of the occupation of the site and indications of the presence of advanced agriculture here. The paper devotes a special attention to the morphological and chemical examinat

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Mariani, Eleonora. "Early Bronze IV Pottery Assemblages from Umm Al-Hafriyat Southern Mesopotamia." Athar Alrafedain 8, no. 1 (2023): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/athar.2023.176685.

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10

Loshenkov, M. I. "BRONZE ARROWHEADS IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES OF BELARUS." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 31, no. 2 (2019): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.02.25.

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The article is devoted to the review of 19 new bronze arrowheads (table). They were found mainly in the 20s of the XXI century in the territory of southern Belarus (fig. 1). More than half of them were found in the villages of the Milograd population, and the rest with locations. All tips were grouped into three types, as in the Milograd population: two-bladed arrowheads, three-bladed arrowheads and trihedral arrowheads (fig. 2). Two-bladed arrowheads are early — the second half of VII — first half of the VI centuries BC. Two-bladed arrowheads belong to the VI — IV centuries BC, and trihedral

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11

Sotirakopoulou, Panayiota. "The dating of the Late Phylakopi I as evidenced at Akrotiri on Thera." Annual of the British School at Athens 91 (November 1996): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400016427.

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The dating of the Late Phylakopi I (I-ii/iii) has recently been debated warmly among bronze age specialists. The typological correlations in two sealed contexts of Early Cycladic pottery at Akrotiri show Phylakopi I-ii to overlap with the ‘Kastri’ phase and the ‘Amorgos’ group, and thus to follow EC II without interruption and to date to the early part of EC III. Phylakopi I-iii thus belongs to the later part of EC III, though elsewhere it also seems to overlap with the early Middle Bronze Age. These chronological equations appear valid for Phylakopi and Akrotiri but are not to be considered a

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12

Gadjiev, Murtazali S., Vladimir Yu Malashev, Murad Sh Saipudinov, et al. "EXCAVATION OF A SINGLE KURGAN UCHKENT IV." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 19, no. 3 (2023): 876–903. https://doi.org/10.32653/ch193876-903.

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In 2019, a joint archaeological expedition of the Scientific and Production Center for Tourism and Local Lore, the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted rescue excavations of the single kurgan Uchkent IV, located in the reconstruction zone of the Grozny-Baku oil pipeline in the Kumtorkala district of the Republic of Dagestan. An outer stone crescent-shaped pavement, a stone sketch around and above burial 1 surrounded by a cromlech, a

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13

Goren, Yuval. "The Southern Levant in the Early Bronze Age IV: The Petrographic Perspective." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 303 (August 1996): 33–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357469.

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14

WAHEEB, Mohammad. "A Unique Early Bronze Age IV Tomb near Tell El-'Umeeiri, Jordan." Ancient Near Eastern Studies 44 (December 31, 2007): 90–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/anes.44.0.2022827.

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15

D’Andrea, Marta. "Note on Early Bronze IV Grey Hard-Textured Wares in the Levant." Studia Eblaitica 3, no. 1 (2017): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/stebla/2017/1/172.

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16

Lolk, Julie. "Bronzealderens keramik – En kilde til forståelse af kommunikation og social interaktion i bronzealderen." Kuml 58, no. 58 (2009): 57–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v58i58.26389.

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Bronze Age ceramics – A source of information on communication and social interaction in Bronze Age DenmarkIf not avoided completely, Bronze Age ceramics have generally been dealt with in terms of either Early or Late Bronze Age. Attempts to classify the ceramics within these periods according to ordinary typological conventions have mostly failed. It is therefore argued that Bronze Age ceramics should be viewed in a much broader chronological framework. It is also emphasised that ceramics should be seen in a social context and in relation to functional change. Therefore, all published ceramic

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17

Easton, Donald, and Bernhard Weninger. "A possible new Bronze Age period at Troy." Anatolian Studies 68 (2018): 33–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154618000029.

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AbstractStatistical analysis of Carl Blegen's pottery sequence using Correspondence Analysis (CA) suggests a gap of 100–200 years between his Troy III and IV periods. From the Manfred Korfmann excavations three stratigraphic sequences hitherto assigned to Troy IV and V appear to bridge it. This allocation is based on stratigraphic/architectural grounds and on the observable development in ceramic shapes and wares. Heinrich Schliemann's pottery sequence from 1870–1873 is also analysed by CA and found to compare well with Blegen's (with limited exceptions probably due to the larger scope of his

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18

D’Andrea, Marta, Suzanne Richard, Jesse C. Long Jr, and Franco Sciorilli. "Emergency Actions for the Documentation, Stabilization, and Consolidation of the Early Bronze Age Fortifications at Khirbat Iskandar, Jordan." Heritage 7, no. 4 (2024): 2088–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage7040099.

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Khirbat Iskandar is an Early Bronze Age (ca. 3800-1950 BCE) mound in the Madaba Governorate of Jordan. Until a decade ago, it was better known as a key site for the non-urban Early Bronze IV period (ca. 2500-1950 BCE), but is increasingly emerging as a signature site for the urban Early Bronze II-III period (ca. 3050-2500 BCE). The contour of the tall site is shaped by the presence of buried fortifications that were investigated in the north-western sector of the mound, where a long sequence of rebuilds was recognized, but were exposed to and impacted by modern construction activities along th

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19

Greenhut, Zvi. "Excavations at the Early Bronze IV Sites of Jebel Qa‘aqir and Be’er Resisim." Palestine Exploration Quarterly 149, no. 3 (2017): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2017.1349724.

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20

KIRCHO, L. "OLDEST SEALS OF CENTRAL ASIA (TYPOLOGY, MATERIAL, MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY)." TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE Russian Academy of Sciences 23 (2020): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/2310-6557-2020-23-24-36.

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The paper deals with systematization of the oldest Central Asian seals that were found at the late Middle Eneolithic — Early Bronze Age settlements of South Turkmenistan. Stone and terracotta flat «seals-amulets» (with a hole in the upper part — fig. 1, 4–13) are characteristic of the Late Eneolithic (Namazga III period, ca. 3150–2800/2700 BC). Images on the front sides of these objects are made by incised lines and/or pyramidal depressions forming cruciform «stepped» patterns. Such «seals-amulets» are known exclusively from Central Asian sites. Flat «seals-buttons» (with two holes in the cent

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21

Lyngstrøm, Henriette, and Arne Jouttijärvi. "Failing arguments for the presence of iron in Denmark during the Bronze Age Period IV." Danish Journal of Archaeology 7 (November 1, 2018): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dja.v7i0.124809.

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The dark squiggly lines of the razors from Kjeldbymagle and Arnitlund are often mentioned, along with the knife from Grødby, as the earliest examples of iron in Denmark. The razors can be dated to the early Late Bronze Age (Period IV) – around 1000 BC – due to their form and ornamentation, while the iron knife from Grødby is reported to have been found in a slightly earlier urn burial. Recent metallurgical analyses have, however, shown that the squiggly lines are not in fact iron, but rather copper covered by a layer of iron-bearing corrosion, and that the knife’s context with the other

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22

Porson, Steven, Steven Falconer, Suzanne Pilaar Birch, Elizabeth Ridder, and Patricia Fall. "Crop management and agricultural responses at Early Bronze IV Tell Abu en-Ni'aj, Jordan." Journal of Archaeological Science 133 (September 2021): 105435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2021.105435.

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23

D’Andrea, Marta. "The Early Bronze IV Period in South-Central Transjordan: Reconsidering Chronology Through Ceramic Technology." Levant 44, no. 1 (2012): 17–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/175638012x13285409187838.

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24

Zakharov, Evgeniy V. "Ptolemaic Coins from the Collection of the State Historical Museum I. From Ptolemy I to Ptolemy IV." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2024): 226. https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080031234-4.

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The paper presents a collection of early Ptolemaic coins (from Ptolemy I to Ptolemy IV) from the collection of the State Historical Museum (Moscow). It includes 168 specimens. A significant part of the Ptolemaic coins collection of the State Historical Museum was compiled at the end of the XIX – first half of the XX century. There are no precise details about the provenance of most of the specimens. A part of the collection comes from private collections of the 20th century. While most of the specimens belong to well-known coin types, which have been widely published in various catalogues, the

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Regev, Johanna, Pierre De Miroschedji, Raphael Greenberg, Eliot Braun, Zvi Greenhut, and Elisabetta Boaretto. "Chronology of the Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant: New Analysis for a High Chronology." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 525–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220004724x.

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The chronology of the Early Bronze Age (EBA) in the southern Levant and the synchronization between the sites, considering seriation and radiocarbon dates, have shown large inconsistencies and disagreement. We have assembled 42014C dates, most of them previously published and a few provided directly by the excavators. The dates have been re-evaluated on the basis of their archaeological context and using analytical criteria. Bayesian modeling has been applied to the selected dates in relation to the given seriation of the EBA subperiods (EB I, II III, IV). Sites with 2 or more sequential sub-p

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D’Andrea, Marta. "Again on the “Grey Wares”, Ebla, the Steppe, and the South during Early Bronze IV." Studia Eblaitica 6, no. 1 (2022): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/stebla/2020/1/153.

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27

Sladkova, Lubov, and Sergei Koksharov. "The Ceramic Rattle of the Bronze Age from the Olym`ya IV Settlement (the North of Western Siberia)." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 2 (April 25, 2023): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp232119132.

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Attention is drawn to a ceramic handicraft in the form of a rattle found at the Olymya IV settlement (the North of the Western Siberia). To determine the age, the archaeological context of the find was considered, in particular, household ceramic dishes lying next to it. It is represented by vessels of the Lozva and Atlym types of the Late Bronze Age. Great importance in dating the Lozva sites have the two models of socketed axes with frontal ears and a spear with incised feathers, found at the Suzgun IIa site in a complex with Suzgun-Lozva type pottery, as well as a mold for casting asymmetri

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Diaconescu, Dragoș. "Step by Steppe: Yamnaya culture in Transylvania." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 95, no. 1 (2020): 17–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2020-0010.

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SummaryThe older horizon of the tumuli cemeteries from Transylvania were connected with the Early Bronze Age cultural phenomenon (Livezile/Bedeleu, Șoimuș and Copăceni cultural groups). Some of the discoveries made especially during the second half of the 20th century while searching for the Scythians were considered as belonging to the Ochre Grave Culture (Câmpia Turzii, Cipău, Răscruci). The archaeological research from Silvașu de Jos (Hunedoara county), together with the older and more recent discoveries from Bodo, Bucova Pusta IX and Bucova Pusta IV, prove that the Lower and Middle Mureș v

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Z., N. Matviishyna, G. Parhomenko A., N. Razumov S., D. Lysenko S., P. Telnov N. та S. Sinika V. "Палеопедологические исследования курганов у с. Глиное / Paleopedological studies of the barrows near Glinoe village". Materialy po Arheologii i Istorii Antičnogo i Srednevekovogo Kryma (Materials in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Crimea) 8 (31 грудня 2016): 11–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.556154.

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В 2013 г. приднестровско-украинской археологической экспедицией были продолжены исследования курганов эпохи бронзы, расположенных около с. Глиное Слободзейского района Приднестровской Молдавской республики. В ходе работ были раскопаны два кургана эпохи бронзы, содержавшие 46 погребений, 44 из которых были совершены в эпоху бронзы (конец IV—II тыс. до н.э.), и только два — в средневековье (X—XIII вв.). Обнаружены 22 погребения ямной культурной общности эпохи ранней бронзы, 12 погребений катакомбной культурной общности, 10 погребений эпохи поздней бронзы. В кургане 1 группы «ДОТ» и кургане 1 гру

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Murgabayev, Sagynbay S., Mels M. Bakhtybayev, Lazzat Dz Maldıbekova, Bagdaulet S. Sizdikov, and R. Iovita,. "Archaeological Research of the Southern Slopes of Karatau (Shimayla Complex)." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 3, no. 45 (2023): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2023.3.45.118.133.

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The authors analyze the results of the study of the archaeological complex of Shimaila. The complex includes rock carvings and a burial mound. These objects were investigated by the Karatau archaeological expedition of Ahmed Yasawi University under the leadership of S.S. Murgabayev. The research materials are being introduced into scientific discourse for the first time. The chronological framework of petroglyphs dates from the Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages. During the excavations, three mounds were uncovered, the peculiarity of their structures was recorded, as well as the analysis of t

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Lee, Heejin, and Dongju Park. "A Critical Review of Lab-based Geoarchaeological Research Focusing on Korean Peninsula Bronze Age." Korean Ancient Historical Society 121 (August 31, 2023): 33–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18040/sgs.2023.121.33.

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Geoarchaeology, a field that investigates soils and sediments familiar to archaeologists, covers a wide spectrum of research implications and ramifications. Realizing such a spectrum and the reality that this field remains relatively underdeveloped in the South Korean context, this article reviews lab-based Bronze Age geoarchaeological research cases in South Korea and discusses its future directions. The cases are divided into four categories: (i) paleoenvironment and landform reconstruction, (ii) agricultural research, (iii) identifying ancient living patterns and (iv) artifact analysis. The

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Varberg, Jeanette. "Resenlund og Brøndumgård bronzedepoter – Kult og samfund i yngre bronzealder." Kuml 54, no. 54 (2005): 75–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v54i54.97312.

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The bronze deposits from Resenlund and Brøndumgård In the Late Bronze Age, bronze deposits in fields and bogs constitute a large part of the archaeological material. Huge values were deposited in the ground during this period, and the archaeological material witnesses a wide-ranging custom of sacrifice. The deposits are therefore central to the understanding of the societies, which once left their items in the ground, and new finds contribute to a more varied impression of the picture already existing of the Late Bronze Age. This article presents two hitherto unpublished deposits from the Earl

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Chiriu, Daniele, Pier Carlo Ricci, Maddalena Scattini, et al. "Portable NIR Raman microspectroscopy investigation on Early Bronze IV pottery (2500–1950 BCE) from Khirbat Iskandar, Jordan." Vibrational Spectroscopy 97 (July 2018): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2018.04.002.

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Novichikhin, Andrey. "The Complex of Bronze Snaffles from the Area of Malye Semibratnye Barrows." Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, no. 1 (July 2019): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2019.1.6.

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Anapa archaeological museum stores a bronze snaffle complex, which was found on arable lands near Chekon khutor in 2013. The complex was found in the area of the barrow group known as Malye Semibratnye barrows. Complex includes two pairs of two-hole snaffles: a pair with a sickle-shaped blade and an L-shaped pair. Sickle-shaped snaffles have analogies in the materials of the IV Semibratnyy barrow. L-shaped snaffles are among the most common ones in Scythian burial monuments. They are famous by finds from the burial mounds of the necropolis of Nymphaeum and Semibratnye barrows. The existing ana

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Chernykh, L. "METAL KNIVES OF THE NORTHERN PONTIC STEPPE CULTURES OF EARLY — MIDDLE BRONZE AGE AS POTENTIAL WEAPONS (to the issue statement)." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 54, no. 1 (2025): 12–78. https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2025.01.02.

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The aim of the paper is to define a major tendency in the evolution of knife types during the 3rd mil. BC. Characteristics of these types are presented in the context of periodization of Yamna and Catacomb cultural complexes (YCC and CCC). Sample includes knives belonging to YCC and CCC. Typology based on 309 items includes nine groups subdivided into types and variants. Location of YCC graves in Dnipro region and CCC graves in Donetsk region may be explained by different centers of their production. Knives of the Groups II and III attributed as ritual artifacts. Tools used for utility purpose

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Gil Fuensanta, Jesús, Alfredo Mederos Martín, and Otabek Uktamovich Muminov. "Northern Birecik (Southeastern Turkey) during the Middle Bronze Age. The Kingdoms of Uršu and Mamma in the Old Assyrian route during Kultepe Ib." Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 51, no. 1 (2025): 115–40. https://doi.org/10.15366/cupauam2025.51.1.004.

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The Uršu kingdom is one of the outstanding archaeological questions in the Middle Bronze Age I-II of the Middle-Upper Euphrates region, which connects with the Abarsal problem, more typical of the EB III/IV period in the same area. The Uršu (Ur-šu) kingdom, cited in Ur III texts as an important kingdom, is located in Samsat Höyük, Kazane Höyük, and traditionally in the Gaziantep area, on the right bank of the river. That is, it is located within a 40-50 km stretch around the middle Euphrates, from Carchemish to further north. Right in the middle lies the pass between Tilbes and Zeugma, where t

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Bobomulloev, S., N. Vinogradova, B. Bobomulloev, T. Hudzhageldiev, and M. Navruzbekov. "Preliminary results of investigations of barrows in the locality of Sarazm-2 in the basin of the Zeravshan River in summer and autumn 2020." Archaeological News 32 (2021): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2021-32-40-54.

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The article is based on the materials of excavations of burial mounds in the Sarazm-2 area in the Zeravshan valley. The burial mounds of the Afanasievo culture were discovered here for the first time. In the Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age in the Zeravshan valley, close contacts of the local agricultural population with the carriers of the Afanasievo culture can be traced, which is reflected in the material culture of the ancient pastoralists. The Afanasievo materials of Zeravshan open up the possibility of a new approach in the study of the genesis of the Afanasievo culture at the end of

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NOURALLAHI, Ali. "An Archaeological landscape of Sharif Abad (Solgi) settlement area in the Gamasi-Ab River Basin in Central Zagros." Historia i Świat 11 (June 15, 2022): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2022.11.01.

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Solgi or Sharif Abad tepe (A&B) is one of the larger settlement sites of the Gamasi-Ab river basin in Nahavand plain. This site lies at the intersection of old ancient roads that go from Sahne, Harsin and Kangavar to Nihavand and the other eastern regions. In the study of this area, pottery from the Early Bronze Age (Godin IV-Yanik, Kura-Araxes), pottery related to Godin III, II and pottery of the historical period were obtained. The examination of these pottery artefacts reveals extensive cultural exchanges of the inhabitants of the region with the northwestern and neighboring areas in th

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Lee, WonTae, JongPil Park, and Jaeho Ahn. "Graveyard in Daho-ri and the change of its social body." Pusan Archaeological Society 34 (June 30, 2024): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47735/odia.2024.34.1.

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This article aims to examine the change in the shape of the political body that existed in the Daho-ri site in Gimhae based on the different styles of tombs constructed there across the ten periods (from Period I a to Period V b) that it chronologizes from sequence dating of the burial goods. For each period, three social classes, namely chiefs, aristocrats, and ordinary people, are identified by the amounts of bronzeware, bronze swords, ironware, and iron swords buried with them. Following the existing literature records, this political body is assumed to be Garakguk. Each period corresponds

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Lazaretov, I. P., A. V. Poliakov, V. M. Lurye, and P. B. Amzarakov. "The Final Bronze Age in the Minusinsk Basin." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 51, no. 1 (2023): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.1.108-118.

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Based on the most recent excavation fi ndings, this article discusses a disputable group of burials, previously believed to represent the Bainov stage of the Tagar culture (900–700 BC) in the Minusinsk Basin. Analysis of these burials unambiguously supports I.P. Lazaretov’s idea that they fall into two independent and unrelated groups. One of them continues Late Bronze Age traditions, whereas the other demonstrates new features exclusively associated with the Tagar culture. Most complexes of the Bainov type represent the fi nal stage in the evolution of Late Bronze Age traditions. This is evid

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Haiman, Mordechai. "Early Bronze Age IV Settlement Pattern of the Negev and Sinai Deserts: View from Small Marginal Temporary Sites." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 303 (August 1996): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357468.

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Rothenberg, Beno. "Archaeo-Metallurgical Researches in the Southern Arabah 1959–1990. Part I: Late Pottery Neolithic to Early Bronze IV." Palestine Exploration Quarterly 131, no. 1 (1999): 68–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/peq.1999.131.1.68.

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Трейстер, М. Ю. "A MACEDONIAN (THRACIAN?) BRONZE PATERA FROM THE BURIAL-MOUND." Proceedings in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Black Sea Region, no. 13 (February 15, 2022): 380–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.53737/2713-2021.2021.68.83.009.

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Публикация посвящена бронзовому сосуду, найденному в датирующемся второй половиной IV в. до н.э. ограбленном погребении в кургане № 1 группы «Частые курганы» на окраине Воронежа, раскопанном Воронежской ученой архивной комиссией в 1910 г. Сосуд с маской-атташем под краем на внешней стороне и медальоном-горгонейоном — на дне, является патерой с утраченной ручкой. Такие патеры с аналогично оформленными краями вместилища и ручками, завершающимися головкой барана, известны по очень небольшому количеству находок второй половины IV в. до н.э., практически все из которых происходят из Македонии и Фра

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Smith, David. "Mainland Greece (Prehistoric)." Archaeological Reports 59 (January 2013): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608413000070.

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The absence of the prehistoric Peloponnese and central Greece from last year's new format Archaeology in Greece has provided a slightly larger volume of data for this year's report than might otherwise have been expected, although the ongoing financial difficulties faced by Greece and the recent uncertainty over the status of the Archaeological Service itself continue to have a substantial impact on archaeological research and its dissemination through traditional channels; a problem which e-publication and webcasting is going some way toward addressing. In light of this, the decennial volume

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Barclay, Gordon J. "Cairnpapple Revisited: 1948–1998." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 65 (1999): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001936.

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It is 50 years since Stuart Piggott excavated the prehistoric complex at Cairnpapple. At that time there were few excavated parallels in Scotland, and interpretation inevitably relied heavily on sites excavated in southern Britain. Much more locally relevant data are now available and the sequence at Cairnpapple can now be reassessed its regional context.Piggott identified five Periods, commencing with a stone setting, ‘cove’ and cremation cemetery of ‘Late Neolithic date’ around ‘c. 2500 B.C.’. Period II was a henge monument, consisting of a ‘circle’ of standing stones with ceremonial burials

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Grachev, M. A., A. S. Zelenkov, and A. V. Sleptsova. "Krasnoyarsky-IV kurgan cemetery of the Great Migration Period." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 4(55) (December 23, 2021): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2021-55-4-5.

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The paper presents the materials of the Great Migration Period from the Omsk Irtysh region, obtained during the excavations of the Krasnoyarsky-IV burial ground. In total, eight burial mounds with 13 burials were examined in 2009 by the expedition of the Omsk State Pedagogical University led by M.A. Grachev. The aim of this work is to determine regional features and chronology of the Krasnoyarsky-IV burial complexes , as well as some details of the historical and cultural development of the local population in the transitional period from the Iron Age to the early Middle Ages. The research met

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Crespin, Anne-Sophie. "Between Phrygia and Cilicia: the Porsuk area at the beginning of the Iron Age." Anatolian Studies 49 (December 1999): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643062.

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Porsuk is strategically situated in the northern foothills of the Taurus mountains (see map, fig 1), controlling one of the most important passes between Cilicia and the Anatolian plateau. It seems that this area, which was in the sphere of Hittite culture during the Late Bronze Age, turns towards the southern regions of Cilicia during Porsuk period IV. We shall firstly re-examine the evidence for the Early Iron Age at Porsuk in the light of recent discoveries from a number of other sites. We will then examine evidence that might demonstrate relations between Porsuk IV and Cilicia.During subse

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Vlaskin, Mikhail, and Aleksandr Symonenko. "Ritual Deposit of the Sarmatian Age from the Barrow on the Lower Don Basin." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (October 2020): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.4.10.

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Introduction. In 2007 the archaeological expedition of the State Autonomic Cultural Facility of Rostov Region “The Don Heritage” excavated burial ground Krasny IV in Aksay district of Rostov Region. In the mound of barrow No. 13 a bronze rod-shaped frontlet plate with a hook, a bronze lunula-shaped harness pendant, six bronze bridle roundels, a bone cheek-piece, and iron fragments of the, most likely, bits have been discovered. Methods and materials. In the study the standard methods of archaeological analysis are used: comparative-typological, the method of analogies, chronological, and carto

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Симоненко, О. В. "Римські бронзові черпаки у варварів Північного Причорномор’я". Arheologia, № 4 (5 грудня 2023): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.04.053.

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The paper examines all known finds of Roman bronze casseroles from the Sarmatian and Late Scythian burials in the territories of Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania. The items were classified according to relevant typological schemes, the dating of the finds was substantiated and a cross-cultural comparative analysis was carried out. Bronze casseroles, which were part of the equipment of a Roman legionary, are probably the most numerous type of Roman metal vessels found in the Sarmatian and Late Scythian burials. The typology and chronology of Roman bronze casseroles is well developed, and they are

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О.А., Хомякова. "БРАСЛЕТЫ С РАСШИРЕННЫМИ КОНЦАМИ САМБИЙСКО-НАТАНГИЙСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ IV–V вв." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), № 275 (13 листопада 2024): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.275.330-347.

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Бронзовые браслеты с расширенными концами самбийско-натангий ской культуры являются наиболее ранними образцами подобных изделий в При балтике и западной части Восточно-Европейской равнины. По данным погре бальных комплексов их появление в уборе местных племен относится ко второй половине III – началу IV в. Наиболее поздние экземпляры датируются второй половиной V в. Браслеты представляли собой имитации престижных украшений из драгоценных металлов, характерных для германских элит позднеримского вре мени и начала эпохи Великого переселения народов. Но в отличие от своих про тотипов эти браслеты

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