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Journal articles on the topic 'Early Chalcolithic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Nagar, Yossi, Ianir Milevski, Hagay Hamer, et al. "Alone in a cave: Examination of a 5200 BCE skeleton from the Judean Desert, Israel." Bioarchaeology of the Near East 16 (May 1, 2023): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47888/bne-1602.

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The remains of a >50-years-old male, thus far representing the only complete skeleton dated to the Early Chalcolithic (Wadi Rabah) period in Israel, were recovered in a cave in the Judaean desert (Nahal Mishmar, F1-003). The old male suffered abscesses in the maxilla following tooth caries, and a well-healed trauma in the left tibial midshaft. Skull and mandibular morphology were described using plain measurements, indices and angles, and compared with similarly taken Chalcolithic data. In addition, mandibular morphology was captured using a landmark-based geometric morphometrics method and

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2

Chaves, Rute Correia, João Pedro Veiga, and António Monge Soares. "Characterization of Chalcolithic Ceramics from the Lisbon Region, Portugal: An Archaeometric Study." Heritage 5, no. 3 (2022): 2422–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030126.

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The Chalcolithic period in the Lisbon region, Portugal, is usually divided into three phases chronologically: the Early Chalcolithic, characterized by cylindrical corrugated cups, Full Chalcolithic by so-called acacia-leaf decoration, and Late Chalcolithic by Bell Beaker pottery. The aim of this research is to determine if Chalcolithic ceramic raw materials and production techniques have remained the same over time and whether the pottery is locally produced. Regarding the Lisbon region, 149 ceramic samples from four Chalcolithic settlements (Vila Nova de São Pedro, Penedo do Lexim, Espargueir

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3

VICAS, Astrid. "Mining Data on the Spread of Early Metallurgy: Revisiting the Carpathian Hypothesis with Ancient Genomes." STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 26, no. 2 (2020): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2020-26-2-2.

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This study presents results relevant to understanding the spread of early metallurgy obtained by extracting patterns from a dataset of ancient genomes. It finds that, conservatively, the spread of metallurgy into Italy Remedello Chalcolithic culture can be linked to a probably Bulgaria Chalcolithic-shifted population represented by the genome of n individual associated with Bodrogkeresztúr pottery in Romania. Also conservatively, either a population related to this sample or to populations sampled from the Chalcolithic era Great Hungarian Plain can be associated with Italy North Bell Beakers a

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4

Bourke, Stephen, Ewan Lawson, Jaimie Lovell, Quan Hua, Ugo Zoppi, and Michael Barbetti. "The Chronology of the Ghassulian Chalcolithic Period in the Southern Levant: New14C Determinations from Teleilat Ghassul, Jordan." Radiocarbon 43, no. 3 (2001): 1217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038509.

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This article reports on ten new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates from the Chalcolithic period (fifth millennium BC) archaeological type-site of Teleilat Ghassul in Jordan. Early radiocarbon assays from the site proved difficult to integrate with current relative chronological formulations. The ten new AMS dates and follow-up enquiries connected with the early assays suggest that the original dates were up to 500 years too early. A necessary reformulation of regional relative chronologies now views the Ghassul sequence falling between Late Neolithic Jericho and the Beersheban Chalcolit

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5

Öztan, Aliye, and Erol Faydalı. "An Early Chalcolithic Building From Köşk Höyük." Belleten 67, no. 248 (2003): 45–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2003.45.

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Excavations at Köşk Höyük, which were interrupted upon death of our dear colleague, Prof. Dr. Uğur Silistreli, have been re-initiated in the name of Niğde Museum in 1995. The architecture and small finds recovered by Prof. Dr. Silistreli during his excavations will be published in Köşk Höyük I final report which is under preparation by our team for his memory. The subject of the current article is a building with two phases and its finds which were uncovered in 1995-1996 seasons.

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6

Rassamakin, Yurii, and Yevhen Chernykh. "Burial of Early Chalcolithic in Luhansk Region." Archaeology, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2017.02.038.

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7

Braun, Eliot. "Placing South Levantine Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic." Paléorient 50 (2024): 133–58. https://doi.org/10.4000/145z6.

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In an area dedicated to mortuary activity near, albeit physically distinct from the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlements of Teleilat Ghassul, excavations in the 1930s unearthed numerous small, stone-lined cist graves sunken into the soil, some in distinctive ladder-like arrangements. Several of those ladder-like arrangements apparently represent the earliest inhumations found within the boundaries of that cemetery. This paper compares those early burials to similar ladder-like burials found at three additional sites in the southern Levant, with comments on their chrono-cultural ascripti

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8

Rosenberg, Danny, Jacqueline Meier, Yaakov Weiss, et al. "The Characteristics of the Earliest Levels of Tel Tsaf and the Onset of the Middle Chalcolithic Period in the Jordan Valley, Israel." Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology 8 (2025): 1–40. https://doi.org/10.52486/01.00008.1.

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Of the various chrono-stratigraphic entities of the Chalcolithic period in the southern Levant, the Middle Chalcolithic period (ca. 5300–4700 BCE) is the most poorly defined, with most of the relevant data coming from Tel Tsaf. While excavations at Tel Tsaf in the last two decades provide valuable information concerning the site’s upper occupational levels, the earlier strata and their material culture are still unknown. Past excavations focused on the later stage of the site’s occupation, leaving unanswered questions concerning the transition from the Early to the Middle Chalcolithic period.

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9

CARDOSO, João Luís. "Estruturas de combustão identificadas no povoado pré-histórico de Leceia (Oeiras)." Estudos Arqueológicos de Oeiras 35 (April 17, 2025): 11–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15005626.

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All combustion structures identified in the prehistoric settlement of Leceia (Oeiras) are inventoried, distributed across a vast chronology corresponding to the Late Neolithic (ca. 3400-2900 BC), the Early Chalcolithic (ca. 2800-2500 BC) and the Full/Late Chalcolithic (ca. 2500-2000 BC). The remarkable number of identified combustion structures, which reaches twenty-five, despite the general analogy between them, which is explained by the similarity of functions, allowed the identification of eight variants, duly characterized. This is the first contribution dedicated to the systematic study o

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10

Yener, K. Aslihan. "Bulgarmaden: Thoughts about iron, Bolkardağ and the Taurus mountains." Iraq 72 (2010): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900000644.

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It has long been suspected that the use of iron predated the so-called meteoric and smelted iron of the later stages of prehistory. Certainly small objects of iron such as awls and pins are found from the Chalcolithic period onwards and the rightly famous iron swords from Alaca Höyük demonstrate skills in making larger weapons in the Early Bronze Age. I document the use of iron ore for hammers and maces at Early Bronze Age sites in the Taurus Mountains and early Chalcolithic Tell Kurdu in the Amuq valley. This intensive understanding of materials and their properties led, millennia later, to t

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11

Paul, Jarrad W., and Burçin Erdoğu. "An examination of the worked bone and antler assemblage at Uğurlu (Gökçeada, Turkey)." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 4, 2018): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.23.

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Worked bone and antler tools were regularly used by prehistoric societies in northwest and western Anatolia to create and maintain everyday items. Uğurlu, one of the most important prehistoric sites in the north east Aegean, shows extensive evidence of bone and antler tool manufacture. This article examines the Uğurlu osseous assemblage from its inception during the Early Neolithic (6800 cal BC) to the middle Chalcolithic (4300 cal BC). A typology is established which labels the 534 items uncovered thus far, supported by contextual information. A comparison with other bone tool assemblages

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Paul, Jarrad W., and Burçin Erdoğu. "An examination of the worked bone and antler assemblage at Uğurlu (Gökçeada, Turkey)." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 4, 2018): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.44.23.

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Worked bone and antler tools were regularly used by prehistoric societies in northwest and western Anatolia to create and maintain everyday items. Uğurlu, one of the most important prehistoric sites in the north east Aegean, shows extensive evidence of bone and antler tool manufacture. This article examines the Uğurlu osseous assemblage from its inception during the Early Neolithic (6800 cal BC) to the middle Chalcolithic (4300 cal BC). A typology is established which labels the 534 items uncovered thus far, supported by contextual information. A comparison with other bone tool assemblages

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13

Karataş-Yüksel, Canan. "The Chalcolithic Period of The Kuseyr Plateau: A Regional Analysis of Pottery Evidence from the 6th to 4th Millennium BC." Septem Artes 3, no. 1 (2025): 62–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15470831.

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This study presents Chalcolithic period pottery data obtained through archaeological surface surveys conducted on the Kuseyr Plateau in Hatay, Türkiye. These data, obtained from the previously uninvestigated highland area of Northwest Syria, contribute to the understanding of the multifaceted and still insufficiently understood process of transition from early village to complex settlements. The findings indicate that not only the fertile alluvial plains but also the higher plateau were inhabited during this period. This research is based on pottery recovered during surveys from prehistoric se

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14

Steadman, Sharon R., Jennifer C. Ross, Gregory McMahon, and Ronald L. Gorny. "Excavations on the north-central plateau: The Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age occupation at Çadır Höyük." Anatolian Studies 58 (December 2008): 47–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600008668.

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AbstractThe last decade of excavations at Çadır Höyük, in the north-central region of the Anatolian plateau, has revealed a well-established Late Chalcolithic community with continuous occupation into the Early Bronze I period (mid fourth to early third millennium BC). While the Late Chalcolithic town was prosperous, with well-made houses and objects, and even monumental construction, the stability of the settlement had slipped by the Early Bronze I phase. We summarise here the results from ten seasons of work at the site and profile how the findings contribute to our understanding of Çadır's

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15

BĂJENARU, Radu. "The early metal daggers in the Carpathian-Danubian area: contexts, significance, and functionality." Supplement 27, no. 3 (2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2021-27-3-3.

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The author discusses the problem of prehistoric metal daggers discovered in the Carpathian-Danubian area. Particular attention is paid to the contexts from which these daggers come, observing a certain differentiation during the Chalcolithic, Bronze and early Iron Age. Thus, in the Chalcolithic, early and middle Bronze Age, most daggers come from settlements and graves, a very small number being found in hoards and single depositions. On the contrary, in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age, the ratio changes significantly, with most daggers being found in hoards and single finds. It is very

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16

Burton, Margie, and Thomas E. Levy. "The Chalcolithic Radiocarbon Record and Its Use in Southern Levantine Archaeology." Radiocarbon 43, no. 3 (2001): 1223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038510.

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Archaeological evidence suggests that the Chalcolithic period (5th–4th millennium BCE) in the southern Levant was a time of significant settlement expansion and increasing social complexity. Important technological and social developments during this era set the stage for the later rise of fortified sites and nascence of urbanization in the Early Bronze Age. Controversy surrounding the chronology of Chalcolithic settlement and the reconstruction of social trajectories has stimulated an interest in building a database of radiocarbon dates to measure the tempo of change and help resolve these is

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17

Khak, Parastoo Masjedi, Hassan Kohansal Kouhpar, and Mostafa Khazaie Kouhpar. "The Archaeo-Mineralogy of Tapeh Kelar’s potsherds dated to the Late Chalcolithic, Early Bronze, and Middle Bronze Ages." Cercetări Arheologice 30, no. 1 (2023): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.1.01.

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Potsherds are very important for the archaeological research because they may date a site, reveal clues about art, technology, and subsistence of people. Potteries show the relationships and exchanges between people from different regions. The Kelar Hill (from now on Tapeh Kelar), Kelardasht region, is one of the most important prehistoric sites in the west of Mazandaran, in north-western Iran. Tapeh Kelar contains cultural materials from the Late Chalcolithic in the fourth millennium BC up to the Islamic Age. The Kura-Araxes context is one of the most significant discoveries of this area. Bec

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18

Dönmez, Şevket. "An Overview of the 2nd Millennium BC and Iron Age Cultures of the Province of Sinop in Light of New Research." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16, no. 1-2 (2010): 153–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005711x560354.

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Abstract Archaeological research conducted to date has shown that the earliest settlements in the province of Sinop date to the Late Chalcolithic period. However, despite these Late Chalcolithic period cultural strata, identified during the Kocagöz Höyük and Boyabat-Kovuklukaya excavations, the stone bracelet fragments from Maltepe Höyüğü and potsherds supposedly from Kıran Höyük and Kabalı Höyük (but hitherto unpublished) indicate that the settlement process of the region may have started in the Early Chalcolithic or even Late Neolithic period. In the Early Bronze Age, following the Late Chal

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19

Aardsma, Gerald E. "New Radiocarbon Dates for the Reed Mat from the Cave of the Treasure, Israel." Radiocarbon 43, no. 3 (2001): 1247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038522.

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Modern radiocarbon dates were procured for the Cave of the Treasure, Israel reed mat at the University of Arizona accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratory in late 1999 and early 2000. Three samples from various locations on the mat were dated. One of these samples was dated twice, and another was dated three times, yielding a total of six new radiocarbon dates on the mat. The new 14C dates overturn expectations of a late Chalcolithic, roughly 3500 BC, date for the origin of the mat. It is suggested that the mat may not have been of common use but may rather have been a religious heirloom

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20

CARDOSO, João Luís, and Carlo BOTTAINI. "Os artefactos metálicos recolhidos no povoado calcolítico muralhado do Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra). Estudos composicionais com recurso ao método da espetrometria de fluorescência de raio x." Estudos Arqueológicos de Oeiras 32 (July 10, 2023): 43–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7920074.

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This study is based on the analysis of copper metal alloys from 109 artifacts collected in the excavations carried out in the walled Chalcolithic settlement of Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra) using X‑ray fluorescence and compares these results with those obtained by the same team in the walled Chalcolithic town of Leceia, about 50 km away. It was concluded that the compositions of the metallic alloys did not differ during the two phases of occupation verified of the settlement, that dates back to the end of the Early Chalcolithic and the Full/Late Chalcolithic, encompassing an interval of about 500

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21

Wells, Peter S., and David S. Geddes. "Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Early Bronze in West Mediterranean Europe." American Antiquity 51, no. 4 (1986): 763–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280864.

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22

Nikolov, Vassil. "Spatial Structure and Chronological Development of the Prehistoric Salt-production Complex of Provadia-Solnitsata." Istoriya-History 29, no. 3 (2021): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/his2021-3-1-salt.

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The prehistoric complex of Provadia-Solnitsata is located close to the modern-day town of Provadia in Northeastern Bulgaria. The remains represent the oldest salt-production site in Europe (5600 – 4350 BC) from which emerged the earliest prehistoric urban settlement on the continent (4700 – 4350 BC). The complex occupies an area of approximately 30 hectares. The emergence and development of the site were closely related to the largest and in fact the only rocksalt deposit in the Eastern Balkans, the so-called Mirovo salt deposit on which the settlement sits. Salt production on the site was bas

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23

Steadman, Hackley, Selover, et al. "Early Lives: The Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age at Çadır Höyük." Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies 7, no. 3 (2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.7.3.0271.

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24

Bakhshaliyev, Elmar. "The Role of Painted Pottery from Nakhchivan Tepe in Early Azerbaijani Civilizations." Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities 1, no. 2 (2024): 55–64. https://doi.org/10.69760/gsrh.01022024006.

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The article discusses the significance of the painted pottery found at Nakhchivan Tepe during the Chalcolithic period in terms of understanding symbols in early Azerbaijani civilizations. The archaeological importance of Nakhchivan Tepe is particularly evaluated by comparing its common features with the Halaf, Ubaid, and Dalma cultures. Additionally, the general characteristics of the painted pottery are examined, providing information about the forms, chronology, distribution, and usage of these artifacts. The symbolic and socio-cultural meanings of the geometric designs on the painted potter

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Bakhshaliyev, Elmar. "The Role of Painted Pottery from Nakhchivan Tepe in Early Azerbaijani Civilizations." Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities 1, no. 2 (2024): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.69760/pnqp4d17.

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The article discusses the significance of the painted pottery found at Nakhchivan Tepe during the Chalcolithic period in terms of understanding symbols in early Azerbaijani civilizations. The archaeological importance of Nakhchivan Tepe is particularly evaluated by comparing its common features with the Halaf, Ubaid, and Dalma cultures. Additionally, the general characteristics of the painted pottery are examined, providing information about the forms, chronology, distribution, and usage of these artifacts. The symbolic and socio-cultural meanings of the geometric designs on the painted potter

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26

Bouby, Laurent. "Two early finds of gold-of-pleasure (Camelina sp.) in middle Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites in western France." Antiquity 72, no. 276 (1998): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0008666x.

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27

Çaylı, Pınar. "A New Chalcolithic Hilltop Settlement in Volcanic Cappadocia: Preliminary Results of the Büyük Deller Excavation." Arkeoloji Dergisi 1, no. 34 (2025): 45–65. https://doi.org/10.51493/egearkeoloji.1660604.

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Büyük Deller is located on a steep rocky outcrop about 1. 5 km north of Demirci, in the Gülağaç district of Aksaray province . First identified in 1994 during the Aksaray, Nevşehir and Niğde Provinces survey directed by Sevil Gülçur, excavations at the site began in 2021. The site, which functioned as a fortress during the Hellenistic period, has been dated relatively to the Middle and, the Late Chalcolithic period, thus representing a relatively obscure phase of pre-urbanization in Anatolia. Recent research suggests that by 5200 BC, Early Chalcolithic settlements in the region were superseded

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Segal, Dror, Israel Carmi, Zvi Gal, Howard Smithline, and Dina Shalem. "Dating a Chalcolithic Burial Cave in Peqi'in, Upper Galilee, Israel." Radiocarbon 40, no. 2 (1997): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200018658.

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In May 1995 an impressive karstic cave possessing dozens of burials dating to the main phase of the Chalcolithic Period (ca. 4500–3500 bce) was discovered in Peqi'in in the high hills of Galilee in northern Israel. It was subsequently excavated over the course of the following months. The large amount of unique ceramic ossuaries and the variety of burial offerings shed light, for the first time, on this critical societal development period in a region where its remains have rarely been found. Although the major significance of the cave is as a mortuary center, it was also utilized in a domesti

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Pandey, Anjali. "COLOUR TRADITION & CHALCOLITHIC POTTERY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 3 (2021): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i3.2021.3817.

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Hindi: "भूतकाल का अध्ययन केवल वर्तमान के माध्यम से ही किया जा सकता है । बीते हुए समय के अध्ययन के लिए वर्तमान वस्तुओं तथा वर्तमान में विद्यमान संस्करणों को भूतकाल के अवशेषों के रूप में लेकर उनसे भूतकाल की घटनाओं के बारे में निष्कर्ष निकाला जाता है। वे तर्क जिनके आधार पर निष्कर्ष निकाले जाते हैं वे वर्तमान वस्तुओं घटनाओं तथा संबंधों के अवलोकन पर आधारित होते हैं"।1  English: The excavation work done in India gives information about the stages of ancient Indian culture and various cultural region and their important characteristics. The materials and pottery found from the excavation of cha

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30

Vandeva, Galya. "Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic lids from Damyanitsa, southwestern Bulgaria." Documenta Praehistorica 52 (June 2, 2025): 2–38. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.52.10.

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This paper examines 190 ceramic lids from the Late Neolithic (second half of the 6th to beginning of the 5th mill. BC) and Early Chalcolithic (first half of the 5th mill. BC) layers of the settlement of Damyanitsa in Southwest Bulgaria. Damyanitsa offers a range of lid types, allowing for a detailed typology and tracing their development from the Late Neolithic to the Early Chalcolithic periods. A detailed typological division is offered in order to facilitate comparisons with lids from contemporaneous sites in Bulgaria and within the broader context of southeastern Europe. The majority of the

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Holl, Augustin F. C., and Leslie Dawson. "From Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age: A view from Abu Hof Cave 22 (Israel)." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 19 (2023): 1050–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i19.2.

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Archaeological cultural taxonomy is a practical necessity. It singles out more or less coherent patio-temporal entities and facilitates scholarly exchange and communication. However, these practical conventions tend to take an independent life of their own, and sometimes constrain creative research endeavors. It is well known that ―the name is not the thing‖. Archaeological cultural taxa are relatively flexible entities, not perfectly self-contained units. Despite this realization, change documented from one archaeological culture to the next is generally framed in term of ‗transition‘, a lega

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32

Maltas, Tom, Vasif Şahoğlu, Hayat Erkanal†, and Rıza Tuncel. "Prehistoric Farming Settlements in Western Anatolia." Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 34, no. 2 (2022): 252–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jma.21981.

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Recovery of archaeobotanical assemblages from Late Chalcolithic Bakla Tepe and Liman Tepe in western Anatolia has provided the opportunity for in-depth analysis of agricultural strategies and the organisation of farming-related activity at the two sites. We find that Late Chalcolithic farmers utilised five major crop taxa, potentially including two mixed crops. The two sites also provide the first evidence for Spanish vetchling and winged vetchling cultivation in prehistoric Anatolia and the earliest evidence for this practice to date anywhere. We suggest that the settlements were organised in

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33

Marochkin, A. G., A. S. Sizyov, A. Yu Yurakova, D. A. Gavrilov, and K. D. Khairulina. "Stratigraphy of the Pisanaya-4 Settlement near the Tomskaya Pisanitsa Petroglyphic Site." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 27 (2021): 511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0511-0519.

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This article discusses some problems in relative chronology of archaeological assemblages discovered at multilayered sites at the border of the Lower Tom and Middle Tom River regions, in their stratigraphic context. The research was aimed at establishing natural stratigraphy of the Pisanaya-4 site at its different sections, conducting archaeological attribution of the series of artifacts, identifying chronological and stratigraphical features of archaeological assemblages, and evaluating the data obtained for periodization of archaeological finds from the Tom River region and Kuznetsk Depressi

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34

Rose, Thomas, Peter Fabian, and Yuval Goren. "The (in)visibility of lost wax casting moulds in the archaeological record: observations from an archaeological experiment." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 15 (February 22, 2023): 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-023-01731-6.

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Apart from mould and core remnants attached to metal objects from the Chalcolithic Southern Levant (ca. 4500–3800 BCE), production remains of early lost wax casting are seemingly invisible in the archaeological record. An experiment using reproduced casting moulds was performed to simulate the Chalcolithic processes to investigate whether the moulds might have deteriorated to an unrecognisable state after the casting process. Results from previous studies on mould remains attached to metal objects were complemented with ethnographical accounts for the experimental set-up. The moulds were

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35

Sharifi, Mahnaz, and Abbas Motarjem. "The process of cultural change in Chalcolithic period in highland Western Iran at Tepe Gheshlagh." Documenta Praehistorica 45 (January 3, 2019): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.45-7.

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Tepe Gheshlagh is located in the center of Talvar Valley in Bijar County, Kurdistan province of Iran, on the east bank of Talvar River. It is rested on a Natural terrace, less than 30 meters above the current bed of the river. The mound is about one hectare in area, oval in shape, and rises more than 14 meters above the surrounding fields. Three seasons of salvage excavation carried out in the site which has revealed significant information on Early, Middle and Late Chalcolithic period (5500-3850 BC) in this region. Unfortunately no accurate Archeological research has been undertaken to gain a

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Sharifi, Mahnaz, and Abbas Motarjem. "The process of cultural change in Chalcolithic period in highland Western Iran at Tepe Gheshlagh." Documenta Praehistorica 45 (December 29, 2018): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.45.7.

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Tepe Gheshlagh is located in the center of Talvar Valley in Bijar County, Kurdistan province of Iran, on the east bank of Talvar River. It is rested on a Natural terrace, less than 30 meters above the current bed of the river. The mound is about one hectare in area, oval in shape, and rises more than 14 meters above the surrounding fields. Three seasons of salvage excavation carried out in the site which has revealed significant information on Early, Middle and Late Chalcolithic period (5500-3850 BC) in this region. Unfortunately no accurate Archeological research has been undertaken to gain a

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Müller-Neuhof, Bernd. "Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age Flint Mines in the Northern Badia." Syria, no. 90 (January 1, 2013): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/syria.1774.

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Joffe, Alexander H. "Sūkās IX: The Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Periods. Evelyn Oldenburg." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 55, no. 1 (1996): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373793.

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Shinde, Vasant. "Craft specialization and social organization in the Chalcolithic Deccan, India." Antiquity 65, no. 249 (1991): 796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080522.

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The Deccan Chalcolithic and its sitesSystematic archaeological research began in the Deccan after 1950 when a Chalcolithic settlement was discovered at Jorwe near Sangamner in Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra state. The Deccan, which includes the present states of Maharashtra, (except for the western coast and some parts of Vidarbha in the east) and northern Karnataka, falls in a semi-arid zone with a precipitation ranging between 400 and 900 mm. There are three major river valleys in the Deccan, the Tapi in the north, the Godavari in the centre and the Bhima in the south. Microecological vari

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ALMEIDA, NELSON J., and ANTÓNIO CARLOS VALERA. "Animal consumption and social change: the vertebrates from Ditch 7 in the context of a diachronic approach to the faunal remains at Perdigões enclosure (3400-2000 BC)." Archaeofauna 30 (October 11, 2021): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.005.

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The results from the study of the faunal assemblage from ditch 7 of the Perdigões enclosure (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal) are presented. Dated to the Chalcolithic and the transition to the early Bronze Age it comprises a total of 3380 remains. Results show the rele- vance of swine, caprines, cervids, bovines and equids and their diachronic oscillation. Indicators of butchering and consumption were recorded, comprising cutmarks, anthropogenic breakage, thermo-alterations and tooth marks, the latter mainly of a carnivore origin. The spectra obtained were compared within the scope of th

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Bottaini, Carlo, Ignacio Montero-Ruiz, Susana Lopes, Lídia Baptista, Sérgio Gomes, and Nelson Vale. "The metal artefacts from the prehistoric walled enclosure of Castelo Velho de Freixo de Numão within the early metallurgy of north-west of Iberian Peninsula." digitAR - Revista Digital de Arqueologia, Arquitectura e Artes, EX1 (July 2, 2019): 305–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-844x_ex1_10.

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This paper deals with the preliminary results of the typological and analytical study of a collection of copper-based objects found at the site of Castelo Velho (Freixo de Numão). This collection is associated to different contexts from the 3rd millennium BC (Chalcolithic). The analyses, performed by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF), show that the metals were produced with almost pure copper and arsenical copper (> 2% As). Impurities, such as As (<2%), Fe, Bi, Ag, Sn, Sb and Ni, were also identified, likely due to their presence in the ores used for the production of the objects.

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Reingruber, Agathe, and Laurens Thissen. "Depending on 14C Data: Chronological Frameworks in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of Southeastern Europe." Radiocarbon 51, no. 2 (2009): 751–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200056071.

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With the introduction of the radiocarbon method in 1949 and the calibration curve constantly improving since 1965, but especially due to the development of the more accurate accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating some 30 yr ago, the application of the 14C method in prehistory revolutionized traditional chronological frameworks. Theories and models are adjusted to new 14C sequences, and such sequences even lead to the creation of new theories and models. In our contribution, we refer to 2 major issues that are still heavily debated, although their first absolute dating occurred some decades

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Heil, Nikolas, Andreas Hauptmann, Gian Maria Di Nocera, and Thomas Stöllner. "The Dawn of Metallurgy at Chalcolithic Arslantepe: Metal Finds and Other Metallurgical Remains from Level VII." METALLA 26, no. 2 (2022): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/metalla.v26.2022.i2.87-112.

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This paper deals with archaeometallurgical remains from period VII (Late Chalcolithic 3-4, 3900-3400 BC) of the settlement of Arslantepe (Malatya, Turkey). It aims at compiling early metallurgy (metallurgical artefacts, slags) by means of interdisciplinary scientific analysis. In contrast to later periods, the metallurgy of the Late Chalcolithic has as yet only been investigated to a limited degree. Trace elements and lead isotope analysis of metal artefacts and slags allowed for a reconstruction of provenances of raw materials in order to deal with trade networks. Lead and copper slags were a

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ANDRADE, Marco António, and Daniel van CALKER. "Contributo para a definição das práticas funerárias neolíticas e calcolíticas no Maciço Calcário Estremenho: a anta de Fonte Moreira (Alcanena) e o megalitismo ortostático na Alta Estremadura." Estudos Arqueológicos de Oeiras 34 (July 30, 2024): 53‑112. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12732013.

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<strong><em>Contribution to the definition of funerary practices of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic in the Estremadura Limestone Massif: the dolmen of Fonte Moreira (Alcanena) and orthostatic Megalithism in Upper Estremadura.</em></strong> During the excavation work conducted on the caves of Carrascos and Lapa da Galinha in the early 20th century, Félix Alves Pereira, curator of the Portuguese Ethnological Museum (current Portuguese Archaeological Museum), was informed about the existence of a megalithic monument located in the farmstead of Rabaçal (the same estate where the latte

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Frankel, David, Jennifer M. Webb, and Anne Pike-Tay. "Seasonality and Site Function in Chalcolithic Cyprus." European Journal of Archaeology 16, no. 1 (2013): 94–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957112y.0000000020.

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Excavations at the small Chalcolithic site of Politiko-Kokkinorotsos in central Cyprus show that it was occupied around 2880–2670 cal BC. Fallow deer(Dama mesopotamica)form the major component of the substantial faunal assemblage. The structure of the animal population suggests a seasonal hunting site, an interpretation consistent with the lack of formal architecture and the range of stone tools. In this study, independent odontochronological analyses of deer and caprine are used to test and confirm the model of seasonal culling in spring and summer based on more general indicators. The result

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Hamon, Caroline. "Salt extraction and processing at Duzdagi (Naxcivan, Azerbaijan): contribution of the technological analysis of the macrolithic tools." Vall Salina e-Journal, no. 1 (June 15, 2024): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.69736/22190104.

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The Duzdagi salt deposit is located on the Araxes River, 7 km from the present-day town of Naxcivan (Azerbaijan). This site, exceptional for its size and the density of archaeological remains, has been exploited since the second half of the 5th millennium (Late Chalcolithic), while the main exploitation dates back to the Early Bronze and Iron Ages (Marro et al., 2010; Gonon, et al., 2021). The techno-functional analysis of several hundred stone tools found during surface surveys (Hamon 2016) and excavations (Hamon et al., 2021) focuses on the study of the different types of fittings, manufactu

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Müller-Neuhof, Bernd. "The Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age Hillfort Phenomenon in the Northern Badia." Near Eastern Archaeology 80, no. 2 (2017): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5615/neareastarch.80.2.0124.

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SCHOOP, Ulf Dietrich. "EARLY CHALCOLITHIC IN NORTH-CENTRAL ANATOLIA: THE EVIDENCE FROM BOĞAZKÖY-BÜYÜKKAYA." Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 8 (June 15, 2005): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2005.0001.

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Agalarzade, Anar. "About the chalcolithic-early bronze age findings of the Khudutepe settlement." Social Sciences, no. 01 (2024): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.59849/2710-0820.2024.1.152.

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Baysal, Emma, Adnan Baysal, Ali Umut Türkcan, and Adam Nazaroff. "Early Specialized Production? A Chalcolithic Stone Bracelet Workshop at Kanlitaş, Turkey." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 34, no. 3 (2015): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12057.

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