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Hill, Gemma Modell. "The demography of early childhood caries." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21174.
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Thesis (M.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Early childhood caries (ECC) is a rampant, infectious dental disease that affects children up to age six, with effects lasting well into their adulthood. ECC predicts high rates of morbidity in adulthood, is one of the most frequently found childhood illnesses, and is theoretically preventable. Lesion formation follows a particular pattern based in part on the pattern of primary tooth eruption, and is similar to caries formation at any age, with the balance of demineralization and remineralization. Commonly observed effects of ECC include failure to thrive due to pain and discomfort with eating, decreased attentiveness and socialization, and increased number of missed school days. The lesions associated with ECC are often very painful and frequently remain untreated in high-risk populations. Unfortunately, children’s oral health needs are often overlooked in research and public health practices, leaving many untreated and suffering. Risk indicators for ECC include socioeconomic status and race or ethnicity. One of the most critical risk factors for the disease is dietary quality, which has been studied to some extent in attempts to discern the epidemiology of ECC, and which has been shown to have causative effects on the disease process. What has not been studied, however, is how these risk indicators and risk factors interrelate to contribute to the high prevalence of ECC in the United States. Without studying the effect that an overlap in associated risks for these problems has, it is not possible to create a truly comprehensive public health prevention program that will efficaciously decrease the incidence of early childhood caries. Multiple studies have shown the effects of poor diet quality on the development of ECC. When studying nutritional intake alone, ECC is far more common in groups consuming a less healthful diet. Not only does dietary intake affect the formation of caries, caries experience also affects the ability to consume a nutritious diet. Socioeconomic status has also been cited as a crucial determinant of risk for developing ECC. Those children living at or below the Federal Poverty Line are at high risk for disease, regardless of their race or ethnicity. This is hypothesized to relate to nutrition, as healthier diets are frequently found to be more costly than cariogenic diets, which rely heavily on refined and processed grain products. Nutrition is the single risk factor that bridges the risk indicators of socioeconomic status and race or ethnicity. For this reason, improving dietary quality and nutritional status may prove to be the most effective method of decreasing the prevalence of ECC in the United States. Future studies should focus on effective methods to educate the population to alter the quality of the American diet as a whole. By doing so, the prevalence of this disease can be reduced, and more children can have successful, happier, and healthier childhood years. Creating better oral health in children will decrease morbidity for both oral and systemic disease in adulthood, ultimately improving the overall health of the population of the United States.
2031-01-01
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Bradbury, Seth R. "Bacterial and Fungal Consortia in Early Childhood Caries." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593627801051632.
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Portwood, Holly A. "Early Childhood Caries under General Anesthesia: a Burden Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275337663.
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Evens, Carina Capps. "Snacking patterns as a risk factor for early childhood caries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10902.
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Wu, Isabel, and 胡婉明. "Early childhood caries and its possible related factors in Macau." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195425X.
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Jabar, Samira, and Linn Jutman. "”Early childhood caries” och associerade riskfaktorer bland barn i Europa." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-12126.
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Bakgrund: Early childhood caries (ECC) är en kariesform som drabbar barn i tidig ålder. Sjukdomen karaktäriseras av ett snabbt progressionsförlopp och drabbar ofta släta ytor på de primära tänderna. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva förekomsten och identifiera riskfaktorer till early childhood caries (ECC) bland barn mellan 0-6 år i Europa. Metod: Materialet som användes i litteraturstudien är vetenskapliga publikationer som huvudsakligen inhämtats från den medicinska databasen PubMed. Resultatet bygger på en sammanställning av 15 vetenskapliga artiklar som publicerats mellan 2000-2014. Resultat: Förekomsten av ECC varierade från 13.0-85.0 % i olika länder och populationer i Europa. Lägst respektive högst förekomst sågs hos barn i Sverige. ECC associerades med mat-och munhygienvanor samt med flera socioekonomiska faktorer, där föräldrars utbildning, arbetssituation och etnicitet var av störst betydelse. Amning och användning av nappflaska var beteendefaktorer som visade ett samband med ökad förekomst av ECC. Slutsats: ECC förekommer i både väst- och östeuropeiska länder. Kost- och munhygienvanor är av stor betydelse för utvecklingen av ECC, men sjukdomen har även en association med flera beteende- och socioekonomiska faktorer.Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a form of dental caries that affects children at an early age. The disease is characterized by a rapid progression and it usually affects smooth surfaces of the primary teeth. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and identify risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC) among children between 0-6 years in Europe. Method: The material used in this review is scientific publications mainly collected from the medical database PubMed. The results are based on a compilation of 15 scientific articles published between 2000-2014. Results: The prevalence of ECC ranged from 13.0-85.0 % in different countries and populations in Europe. The lowest and highest occurrence of ECC was observed among children in Sweden. ECC was associated with dietary and oral hygiene habits, along with several socioeconomic factors, where the parent’s educational level, employment status and ethnicity were the most significant factors. Breastfeeding and the use of baby bottle were behavioral factors that showed an association with increased prevalence of ECC. Conclusion: ECC exists in both Western and Eastern European countries. Dietary and oral hygiene habits are very important for the development of ECC, but the disease has also a relation with several behavioral and socioeconomic factors.
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Hastings, Corey D. "Pediatric Dentists’ Experience with Early Childhood Caries and Family Dysfunction." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1530203467670262.
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Graham-Montaque, Rana. "THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL INFLUENCES ON EARLY CHILDHOOD DENTAL CARIES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2753.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the maternal influences on the development of infant oral biofilm and early childhood dental caries. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design to evaluate factors influencing biofilm colonization and the identification of bacterial strains present in mother and child by utilizing oral health literacy surveys, clinical examinations, and plaque samples. Participants were enrolled in the Children’s Health Involving Parents of Greater Richmond (CHIP). Plaque samples and dental disease levels were collected from mother and children ages six months to thirty-six months. Oral Health Literacy was compared to both mother and child’s dental disease levels. Results: Sixty-two CHIP families were involved in the pilot study yielding caries in 88% of mothers and 26% of children. The DMFTs for adults was 32.60 and the dmft for children was 7.69.
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Williams, Tiffany. "The Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Childhood Caries." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3334.
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Purpose: This is a pilot study to determine if there is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the development of early childhood caries (ECC). Methods: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium were measured from children with ECC, who presented for dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Samples were obtained from caries free controls examined during a well-child medical check. Parents from both sample sizes filled out a questionnaire consisting of 22 questions regarding the child and parent’s medical and dental history as well as socioeconomic background. Results: ECC patients were found to have deficient serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and calcium compared to caries free controls. Conclusions: This study observed a difference in 25(OH) vitamin D levels between the two groups. Due to limited sample size and confounding variables contributing to ECC, a definitive relationship between vitamin D deficiency and ECC cannot be made at this time.
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Rahman, Joanne E. "Multi-generational colonization by mutans streptococci in early childhood caries." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1465490.
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Wu, Isabel. "Early childhood caries and its possible related factors in Macau." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B26196219.
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Fung, Ho-tak Marcus, and 馮浩德. "Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride solution in arresting early childhood caries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209476.
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Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most prevalent oral disease of children worldwide. Epidemiological studies reported that most of the ECC are left untreated. While young children may not be co-operative enough for conventional restorative treatments, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can be topically applied on tooth surfaces as a cariostatic agent. Previous clinical trials have confirmed that annual application of 38% SDF is effective in arresting dentin caries in preschool children. However, information about the effectiveness of SDF with different combinations of concentration and frequency is still lacking. This information is important for the optimal application of SDF in the future public health programs for caries control.
This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of 12% and 38% SDF when applied annually or biannually in arresting dentin caries of primary teeth of preschool children for 30 months. The two null hypotheses tested were firstly, there is no difference in effectiveness when SDF is applied at 12% or 38% in arresting dentin caries of preschool children; and secondly, there is no difference in effectiveness when SDF is applied annually or biannually in arresting dentin caries of preschool children.
A total of 888 healthy and cooperative K1 children aged 3-4 years with at least one dentin caries surface were recruited and randomized into four treatment groups: Group 1 received annual applications of 12% SDF, Group 2 received biannual applications of 12% SDF, Group 3 received annual applications of 38% SDF, and Group 4 received biannual applications of 38% SDF. Group 3 was assigned as the positive control group. Primary outcome was soft dentin caries surface at baseline that became arrested at the follow-up examinations. Clinical examinations were conducted at the kindergartens every 6 months by the same trained examiner. Parental questionnaires were used to collect the children’s demographic information, oral hygiene related habits, parental satisfaction with children’s dental appearance and dental health at baseline, 18- and 30-month examinations. Adverse effects after treatments including increment of non-vital teeth, complaint about tooth or gingival discomfort, gingival discoloration, and black staining over arrested surfaces were also recorded.
A total of 798 children with 3,268 caries surfaces were examined at 30-month follow-up. The dropout rates of the four groups were similar. The respective proportions of arrested surfaces in Group 1 to Group 4 were 48.7%, 54.0%, 60.6%, and 66.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). The two null hypotheses were rejected. Both concentration and frequency were significantly related to treatment effectiveness, but no significant interaction between these two factors was found. The effect size of concentration was much greater than frequency. Other than a higher proportion of black staining in groups receiving 38% SDF treatments, there were no significant differences in adverse effects among the children in the four treatment groups.
To conclude, SDF is more effective in arresting dentin caries in primary teeth of preschool children at 38% than 12%, and when applied biannually than annually. Clinical significant improvement in effectiveness can be achieved by increasing its concentration.published_or_final_version
Dentistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Lee, Hiu-man Gillian, and 李曉雯. "Early childhood caries and quality of life of pre-school children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41651091.
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Burns, Alfred M. "PARENTAL STRESS AS A CO-MORBIDITY OF SEVERE EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1241624634.
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Lee, Hiu-man Gillian. "Early childhood caries and quality of life of pre-school children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41651091.
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Somaie, Dalia [Verfasser]. "Midwives involvement in the prevention of early childhood caries / Dalia Somaie." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144512514/34.
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Kim, Julia Jung Hyo. "Socio-demographic and dietary risk factors of severe early childhood caries." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31579.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between socio-demographic and dietary factors and Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) experience in children. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control analysis to identify S-ECC risk factors in 2 to 6-year-old children, comparing 359 with S-ECC to 421 who had no caries experience (NCE). Subjects were recruited from pediatric dental clinics at children's hospitals in Washington D.C. and Columbus and Cincinnati, OH. Information regarding the children's diet in the preceding 6 months was collected from the parents using the Block Kids 2-7 Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) 2004. Associations between the dietary and socio-demographic factors, sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, and S-ECC are analyzed by i test, t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and logistic regression analysis using SAS® version 9.2. RESULTS: S-ECC was positively associated with intakes of SSB, sweets, sugared cereal, processed meat, potatoes, eggs, and white bread and negatively associated with cereal without sugar, dark bread, rice, dark green and orange vegetables, citrus fruits, water, and micronutrients such as magnesium and vitamin K. Socio-demographic factors such as older age, male gender, lower level of parents' education, and lower percentage of family Federal Poverty Level (FPL), were associated with higher likelihood of S-ECC. Children with S-ECC drank more SSB while NCE children drank more water and real fruit juice. Higher SSB consumption was associated with lower FPL and lower level of parents' education but was not significantly associated with BMI. CONCLUSION: The results ofthis study confirmed that children from financially disadvantaged background suffer from disproportionally higher risk of S-ECC. Furthermore, positive associations between certain food items, such as SSB and sweets, and S-ECC experience were also confirmed. The findings of this study can provide additional evidence towards developing policies for regulating certain foods in American children's meals; thereby contribute to the prevention ofS-ECC.
2031-01-01
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Devenish, Coleman Gemma Elise. "Early Childhood Feeding Practices and Dental Caries in Australian Pre-Schoolers." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/79914.
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This research investigated the associations between breastfeeding practices and early childhood caries in a birth cohort of Australian pre-schoolers. To achieve this, new dietary assessment methods were developed, including an early childhood Food Frequency Questionnaire. In this cohort, neither the duration of breastfeeding, nor breastfeeding at night were associated with tooth decay, but high free sugars intake and low socio-economic position were identified as the key risk factors.
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Jacobs, Theodore Konrad. "The prevalence of early childhood caries in the Southern Cape Karoo region." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5670_1189599008.
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Dental caries is a huge problem among the previously disadvantaged population. Early childhood caries is a problem with infants. This thesis contained information concerning the parents knowledge about their children's oral health and their own personal details. These children were all in the age group 2-5 years. The study findings suggest that parent and parents-to-be, need to be informed on oral health issues concerning their children. This should not solely be the task of dentists but other health care workers as well.
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Thopil, Alex. "Risk factors associated with early childhood caries: an epidemiological survey in Mariental, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4537.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a public health problem both in developing and developed countries. Its widespread prevalence among children makes it ideal for assessing the risk factors and identifying specific strategies that could be implemented to prevent the disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries among 5 – 48 month children in Mariental, Namibia. The objectives were to determine (i) the prevalence and severity of early childhood caries in 5 – 48 months old children (ii) the risk of early childhood caries associated with feeding practices, social and cultural behaviour, sugar consumption, dental health awareness, fluoride and risk behaviour. The study design used was cross-sectional and descriptive. A convenience sample was used as mothers visited the post-natal clinic or the hospital for treatment of other ailments or problems. The sample size comprised 230 mothers and their children and only mothers and their biological children in the age range 5- 48 months were included in the survey. Data was collected by using an open- and closed-ended questionnaire that included questions regarding the child‘s dietary and nutritional habits, oral hygiene habits, socio-economic status and beliefs. Mothers and their biological children were examined for presence or absence of dental caries and the findings were recorded on a modified WHO data sheet. The mean age of the children was 24 months, the mean deft 1.5 and the Significant Caries Index (SiC) was 4.5. There was an increase in caries prevalence (add caries prevalence) with increasing age both among girls and boys. The mean DMFT of the mothers was 7.1, their SiC was 17.11 and more than three quarters had at least one tooth missing which was extracted due to caries and just under a quarter had one or more decayed teeth. Despite the fact that most of the mothers reported knowing the importance of good oral hygiene, brush their own teeth and cleaning their children‘s mouth both mothers and their children had high DMFT or deft indices. This is due to a multiplicity of factors – the majority of the mothers were both uneducated and unemployed and have difficulty in making or taking appropriate choices conducive to healthy lifestyles in turn affecting their behaviours and oral hygiene practices.
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Oliveira, PatrÃcia Maria Costa de. "Early childhood caries: associated factors and effectiveness of professional fluoride topical application." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17573.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoEarly Childhood caries (ECC) is the most prevalent disease in children between three and five years old. The use of index with technical advantages over historically used, such as International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II), it is imperative for the management and early diagnosis of CPI. The CPI is avoidable and the topical application of fluoride is recommended as its progression control measure. The objectives of this thesis, formatted in two chapters were: 1) to investigate the correlation between dietary habits, oral hygiene and socioeconomic factors and the development stages of CPI. 2) conduct a systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of professional topical fluoride application in control of CPI. In the first study, 163 children were examined according to the criteria of ICDAS II and divided into three groups: caries-free (n = 59), enamel caries lesions (n = 55) and dentin caries lesions (n = 49). The presence of clinically visible plaque was recorded, as well as the daily frequency of meals which contain sugar. Social factors were assessed by a questionnaire sent to those responsible. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, followed by multiple logistic regressions, considering p <0.05 and confidence interval = 95%. To the second proposition of the thesis, we proceeded to a systematic review of the literature held in electronic databases: Google Scholar, LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO and PubMed, from August 2015 to March 2016. The descriptors used in Portuguese and English were: tooth decay; child; primary tooth; efficacy and topical fluorides. Nine studies were critically evaluated for meeting the selection criteria. Of this total, five were excluded, resulting in four articles included in this systematic review qualitatively evaluated under the criteria of the PEDro scale (Physioterapy Evidence Database) and CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials). Study 1 showed that age (OR = 3.67), use of dental services (OR = 3.44), motherâs literacy (OR = 4.55) and daily consumption of sugar (OR = 2.58) were associated significant with carious lesions in enamel. Age (OR = 3.26), visible plaque index (OR = 3.49) and frequency of brushing (OR = 4.55) were significantly associated with carious lesions in dentin. In the review, one trial indicated that professional application of fluoride varnish used in children significantly reduced the average increase of the group, but there is no agreement observed in other trials evaluated in this review. The conclusions is that cariogenic diet, hygiene and socioeconomic factors are associated with dental caries and caries prevalence increased with age of the individual, its percentage of visible dental plaque, as well as higher sugar consumption to six daily servings, the care provided by unschooled mothers and difficulty in accessing dental services. There is no scientific evidence attesting to the effectiveness of professional topical fluoride application in control of CPI.
A cÃrie da primeira infÃncia (CPI) à a doenÃa mais prevalente em crianÃas de trÃs a cinco anos de idade. Para seu diagnÃstico e gerenciamento, a utilizaÃÃo de Ãndices com vantagens tÃcnicas em relaÃÃo aos historicamente utilizados, como o Sistema Visual de DetecÃÃo e AvaliaÃÃo de LesÃes de CÃrie Dental (ICDAS II), à imperativa. A CPI à controlÃvel e a aplicaÃÃo tÃpica profissional de fluoretos Ã, frequentemente, recomendada como medida de controle de sua progressÃo. Os objetivos desta tese, formatada em dois capÃtulos, foram: 1) investigar a correlaÃÃo entre os hÃbitos de dieta, higiene bucal e fatores socioeconÃmicos e os estÃgios de desenvolvimento da CPI; 2) realizar uma revisÃo sistemÃtica da literatura sobre a efetividade da aplicaÃÃo tÃpica profissional de flÃor no controle da CPI. No primeiro estudo, 163 crianÃas foram examinadas e divididas em trÃs grupos: livres de cÃrie (n = 59), lesÃes de cÃrie de esmalte (n = 55) e lesÃes de cÃrie em dentina (n = 49). A frequÃncia diÃria de refeiÃÃes que continham aÃÃcar foi registrada e os fatores sociais relacionados à doenÃa foram avaliados por um questionÃrio autoaplicado enviado aos responsÃveis. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste do qui-quadrado, seguido de regressÃes logÃsticas mÃltiplas, considerando-se valor de p < 0,05 e intervalo de confianÃa = 95%. Para contemplar a segunda proposiÃÃo da tese, procedeu-se uma revisÃo sistemÃtica da literatura, realizada nas bases eletrÃnicas de dados: Google AcadÃmico, LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Biblioteca Cochrane, SciELO e PubMed, no perÃodo de agosto de 2015 a marÃo de 2016, sem restriÃÃo de ano de publicaÃÃo dos artigos. Os descritores utilizados em portuguÃs e inglÃs foram: cÃrie dentÃria; crianÃa; dente decÃduo; efetividade e fluoretos tÃpicos. Nove trabalhos foram avaliados criticamente por atenderem ao critÃrio de seleÃÃo propostos pela investigaÃÃo. Desse montante, cinco foram excluÃdos, resultando em quatro artigos incluÃdos nesta revisÃo sistemÃtica, avaliados qualitativamente sob os critÃrios das escalas PEDro (Physioterapy Evidence Database) e CONSORT(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials). O estudo 1 demonstrou que idade (OR = 3,67), uso de serviÃos odontolÃgicos alÃm da unidade de saÃde adscrita (OR = 3,44), alfabetizaÃÃo da mÃe (OR = 4,55) e consumo diÃrio de sacarose (OR = 2,58) apresentaram associaÃÃo significativa com lesÃes de cÃrie em esmalte. Idade (OR = 3,26) e frequÃncia de escovaÃÃo (OR = 4,55) apresentaram associaÃÃo significativa com lesÃes de cÃrie em dentina, esta Ãltima, negativamente associada. Na revisÃo sistemÃtica procedida, um ensaio clÃnico randomizado indicou que a aplicaÃÃo profissional de verniz fluoretado utilizada em crianÃas de atà 5 anos de idade reduziu significativamente o incremento mÃdio do grupo, porÃm, nÃo hà concordÃncia observada nos demais ensaios avaliados nesta revisÃo. Os resultados confirmam a correlaÃÃo dos hÃbitos de dieta, higiene bucal e fatores socioeconÃmicos com os estÃgios de desenvolvimento da cÃrie da primeira infÃncia e que a aplicaÃÃo tÃpica de substÃncias contendo fluoreto, feita por profissionais, pode ser eficiente no controle da cÃrie da primeira infÃncia, porÃm este estudo nÃo foi capaz de elucidar essa dÃvida diante dos ensaios utilizados. Persiste a falta de consenso entre os pesquisadores, sendo necessÃrias mais avaliaÃÃes sobre o tema.
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Hofilena, Vanessa O. "A Comparison of Vitamin D Levels in Children with Early Childhood Caries." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3715.
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Purpose: To determine if there is an association between early childhood caries (ECC) and vitamin D deficiency, as measured via a serum sample. An exploratory goal was to investigate the possibility of measuring vitamin D with a salivary assay. Methods: Serum samples of patients who were scheduled for a dental or otolaryngology procedure under general anesthesia were assessed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone and calcium. Results: Our analysis indicates that the vitamin D levels of the controls and ECC group were significantly different. There were significant inverse correlations between: 1) PTH levels and vitamin D and 2) decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) and vitamin D. Conclusions: A relationship between low serum levels of vitamin D and the prevalence of ECC for children 0 to 6 years of age was observed. The salivary assay was unable to measure vitamin D, but future studies should still explore this non-invasive technique.
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Slashcheva, Lyubov Daniilovna. "Geographic trends in severe early childhood dental caries of Native American children." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6858.
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This study investigated the effect of geographic location on Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) in Native American Children three years of age from a Norther Plains Tribal Community. Geographic location of study participants was ascertained by postal district and categorized into geographic regions as well as dental clinic accessibility, defined as dental services present or absent in that district. The association of location category and dental caries (dmfs) was evaluated cross-sectionally at 36 months of age.
Descriptive statistics demonstrated differences in dental caries distribution by geographic region and accessibility category. Bivariate analysis of disease by location showed a significant difference in dmfs between 4 geographic regions (p=0.0159) but not between accessibility categories (p=0.0687). Multivariable regression modeling for geographic region demonstrated the unique effect of geographic region on dental caries experience as well as five other key risk factors. Incident Rate Ratios (IRR) were computed for each of the risk factors, including number of erupted teeth (IRR=1.89, p=0.0147), fluoride exposure from tap water (IRR=1.70, p=0.0173), annual family income (IRR=1.58, p=0.0392), maternal DMFS (IRR=1.02, p=0.0040), and Mean Adequacy Ratio (IRR=1.05, p=0.1042).
This study demonstrated statistically significant variation in cumulative dental caries experience of Native American children aged 36 months among geographic regions and identified the specific unites of association through multivariate modeling. These findings can be used for local dental caries prevention programs and contribute to a broader understanding of S-ECC among very young Native American children.
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Ali, Mustafa. "Early Childhood Caries in children 12-24 months old in Mitchell's Plain, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9114_1259923299.
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The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (2005/06) defines Early Childhood Caries (ECC) as the presence of 1 or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger. ECC can cause significant problems in preschool children and is a source of considerable societal costs. The South African national oral health survey conducted between the year 1999 and 2002 reported on the caries prevalence in young children. The caries prevalence was 50% in 4-5 year old children with a mean dmft of 2.4 (van Wyk and van Wyk, 2004).The aim of the study is to assess early childhood caries in children 12-24 months in the Mitchell's Plain district of the Western Cape.Objectives are to determine: a) The prevalence and pattern of early childhood caries. b) The relation between early childhood caries and infant feeding practices. c) The relation between early childhood caries and oral hygiene practices of the child.
This study is a cross sectional study of ECC of children 12-24 months of age. Parent/child pair attending the Well Baby Clinic at Eastridge/Mitchell's Plain were informed about the study and invited to participate on a voluntary basis. The data collected consisted of a dental examination of 120 children (stratified by age: 60 in 12-18 months age group and 60 in 19-24 months age group) and a questionnaire completed by the accompanying parent/guardian. The dental examination was conducted using the WHO guidelines (Geneva 1997). Child age, tooth status (sound, decayed, filled, extracted, unerupted), and visible dental plaque on maxillary incisors (Spitz et al, 2006) were recorded.The prevalence of ECC for the sample was 23.3% (dmft =0.88). The maxillary incisors had the highest prevalence of decay (14%) followed by the maxillary molars (4%). There was a significant association (p=.006) between duration (12 months and more) of bottle use and presence of caries (40% caries prevalence). There is no significant difference between the different feeding practices (breast, bottle or both) and the presence of caries. There is a high prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (23.3%) in the 12-24 month age group. Early Childhood Caries was related to prolonged (>
12 months) bottle feeding. The association between the presence of dental plaque and ECC was the most significant factor (p= .000).
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Wohlford, Christine A. "Identifying Risk Factors Associated with Early Childhood Caries in Children Under Three Years of Age." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274823503.
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Jiang, Ming, and 姜鸣. "Prevention of early childhood caries through training in parental toothbrushing and fluoride varnish application." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196007.
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Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) is common among Hong Kong preschool children. It is a disease caused by dental plaque bacteria and may be controlled by good toothbrushing habits. However, preschool children are often too young to perform effective tothbrushing, and therefore parental toothbrushing is recommended for them. The oral hygiene status of Hong Kong preschool children is usually not good and parental toothbrushing is not common. Fluoride varnish is effective in preventing dental caries in school children and adolescents but its effectiveness in preventing dental caries in preschool children is still inconclusive.
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of hands-on training in parental toothbrushing, with or without semi-annual applications of a 5% sodium fluoride varnish in preventing ECC.
Methods: Children aged 8-23 months were recruited and randomly allocated to one of three groups: Group 1 - positive control, a brief oral health education to parents; Group 2 - oral health education to parents, hands-on training in parental toothbrushing, and home visits every six months to reinforce parental toothbrushing; Group 3 - application of a 5% sodium fluoride varnish onto the child’s teeth during home visits in addition to the intervention provided to Group 2. Clinical examination of the children and a questionnaire survey of the parents were conducted at baseline. Interventions for the children and parents were delivered according to their group assignment. Evaluation of the main outcome, development of new dental caries, was conducted after 24 months through clinical examination. Information on children’s oral health-related behaviors and parents’ knowledge of and attitude towards their child’s oral health was collected using a questionnaire at the 24-month follow-up.
Results: Out of the 450 children recruited at baseline, 415 (92%) children were examined after 24 months and all examined children’s parents completed the questionnaire. Including both noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions, the incidences of ECC in Gp1 to Gp3 were 11.9%, 11.8%, and 17.5%, respectively (p > 0.05) and; the mean dmfs scores in Gp1 to Gp3 were 0.3, 0.2, and 0.4, respectively (p > 0.05). Proportions of parents who practiced parental toothbrushing twice a day were 62.7%, 60.4%, and 65.7% in Gp1, Gp2, and Gp3, respectively (p > 0.05). Results from a logistic regression analysis showed that children who were older, who had poorer oral hygiene, who had high frequency of sugary snack intake, who had visited a dentist during the study, and whose parents had lower education level would have a higher chance to develop new dental caries during the 24-month study period.
Conclusion: Hands-on training in parental toothbrushing, reinforced by face-to-face interview every 6 months, with or without a semi-annual application of 5% sodium fluoride varnish, may not have any additional effect on preventing development of dental caries in young children compared to the standard oral health education provided to parents in Hong Kong. The child’s socio-demographic background, oral hygiene status, and frequency of sugary snack intake are related to ECC.published_or_final_version
Dentistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Middlebrooks, Jenna A. "Trends in Early Childhood Caries Rates in the Nashville Area Indian Health Services Tribes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2607.
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Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in children, and prevalence rates are disproportionately higher in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. The Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD) recommends annual oral health screening for children in Head Start programs using the Basic Screening Survey (BSS). The 2014 study was a follow-up to a 2010 national survey of AI/AN children ages five and under that assessed oral health outcomes such as untreated decay, decay experience, urgent need for treatment, presence of sealants and decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft) scores, and investigated the changes in Early Childhood Caries (ECC) prevalence from 2010 to 2014 in the Indian Health Service (IHS) Nashville Area. A gap analysis was completed comparing current recommended practices among dental clinics that participated in the IHS ECC Collaborative ASTDD Framework to Prevent and Control Childhood Tooth Decay (ASTDD Framework). Due to historical mistreatment of AI/AN populations in research, and out of respect for the sovereignty of the Tribal Nations that participated in the study, there limited data was made available for this study. In 2010, 579 children were screened in the Nashville Area; 1231 children participated in 2014. While there was a statistically significant, yet clinically small 9.36% reduction of untreated decay from 2010 (30.33%) to 2014 (27.49%), the ECC Collaborative did not reach their objective of a 25% reduction. There was also a significant increase in urgent need for treatment (3.17% in 2010 to 4.35% in 2014), and in presence of sealants (4.54% in 2010 to 10.01% in 2014). Gaps in best practices identified were related to need for increased risk assessments and enhancing policy development. Based on study findings and the limited access to data on Tribal and Area levels, development of culturally appropriate policies that are unique to individual Tribal needs, and focus on perinatal care, is recommended. Individual Tribal programs also need to be evaluated and surveillance needs to be continued to establish trend data. All program evaluations and research should be conducted in an ethical manner that is community-based and considerate of the needs of the Tribe.
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Levin, Ana, Karen Sokal-Gutierrez, Anita Hargrave, Elizabeth Funsch, and Kristin Hoeft. "Maintaining Traditions: A Qualitative Study of Early Childhood Caries Risk and Protective Factors in an Indigenous Community." MDPI AG, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625779.
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In lower middle-income economies (LMIE), the nutrition transition from traditional diets to sugary foods and beverages has contributed to widespread early childhood dental caries. This qualitative study explores perceived risk and protective factors, and overall experiences of early childhood nutrition and oral health in indigenous Ecuadorian families participating in a community-based oral health and nutrition intervention. Dental exams of 698 children age 6 months through 6 years determined each child's caries burden. A convenience sample of 18 "outlier" families was identified: low-caries children with <= 2 carious teeth vs. high-caries children with >= 10 carious teeth. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with parents/caregivers explored the child's diet, dental habits, and family factors related to nutrition and oral health. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed using grounded theory. In the high-caries families, proximity to highway and stores, consumption of processed-food, and low parental monitoring of child behavior were identified as risk factors for ECC (early childhood caries). In the low-caries families, protective factors included harvesting and consuming food from the family farm, remote geography, and greater parental monitoring of child behavior. The study results suggest that maintaining traditional family farms and authoritative parenting to avoid processed foods/drinks and ensure tooth brushing could improve early childhood nutrition and oral health.
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Meinerz, Susan A., Harmeet Chiang, Peter C. Moon, Lorin M. Bachmann, Tegwyn Brickhouse, Al M. Best, and Tiffany Williams. "Serum Vitamin D, PTH, and Calcium Levels in Patients with and without Early Childhood Caries." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4128.
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Purpose: The purpose was to determine differences in serum vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium levels between patients with early childhood caries (ECC) and patients without dental decay.
Materials and Methods: Serum vitamin D, PTH, and calcium levels were obtained from 30 children without dental decay who acted as controls and 60 children with ECC. A questionnaire was filled out by the parent/guardian of each participant consisting of questions regarding medical and dental history, exposure to sources of vitamin D and demographic information.
Results: The difference in the vitamin D levels of the participants was most strongly associated with race. African American participants demonstrated lower levels of vitamin D than non-African Americans. After adjusting for race- related differences there was no significant difference in the Vitamin D levels in the ECC cases and the healthy controls.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that vitamin D levels, at least among non-African Americans, are unrelated to caries development. Future research in this area must control for important confounding factors such as skin pigmentation, season of measurement of serum vitamin D, sun exposure, fluoride exposure, water fluoridation status and tooth brushing in order to allow for vitamin D levels to be better tested against caries experience.
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Gross, Erin. "Many New Candidate Health- and Caries-Associated Bacterial Species Identified by 16S Pyrosequencing." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316448336.
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Öhlund, Inger. "Health implications of dietary intake in infancy and early childhood." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1812.
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Introduction: Swedish children are the healthiest in Europe. Through regular visits to well-baby clinics, infants and young children are checked and parents given information and advice on diet and other relevant matters for their child. For a long time, adequate nutrition during infancy and childhood has been focused on encouraging proper nutrition, preventing malnutrition and deficiency states, and obtaining optimal growth. Today, malnutrition and deficiency states in infants and children are rare. But other public health problems have arisen. Nutrition early in life is now thought to influence health and diseases even in adulthood. Thus promotion of a healthy diet in early life is important for preventing public health diseases such as iron deficiency, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and dental caries. Aims: This study investigates health implications of dietary intake in infancy and early childhood. More specific focus was on the associations between dietary fat intake and serum lipid levels in infants, early dietary intake, iron status, dental caries, and Body Mass Index (BMI) at 4 years of age. In addition, hereditary factors and changes over time were evaluated. Methods: Before 6 month of age, 300 healthy infants were recruited from well-baby clinics in Umeå. This thesis is based on secondary analysis of a prospective study in these infants run from 6-18 months and a follow-up of 127 of the children at 4 years. Between 6-18 months and at 4 years, dietary intakes were assessed, anthropometric measures performed, and venous blood samples taken. At 4 years, a dental examination was also performed and anthropometric data and blood samples were collected from parents and included in the study. Results: All but two infants were ever breastfed and at 6 months 73% were still breastfed. The quality of dietary fat was not within national recommendations. At 4 years, intake of vitamin D and selenium were below and intake of sugar and sweet products above the recommendations. In girls, but not boys, higher polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels. Iron status of the children was generally good and no child had iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Children’s haemoglobin (Hb) levels tracked from infancy to 4 years and correlated with their mother’s Hb. Fortified infant products and meat were important sources of iron at both 12 months and 4 years. Children with frequent intake of cheese had less caries in this population with low caries prevalence. We found higher protein intake over time to be associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) at 4 years and high BMI at 4 years was associated with high BMI at 6 mo. There was also an association between the BMI of the child and that of its parents. Conclusions: BMI of the child and parents (especially the father), and iron status at 6 months were predictors of these variables at 4 years of age. The quality rather than the quantity of dietary fat in infancy affected serum lipid values. Even in a healthy and well-nourished group of Swedish infants and young children, quality of food and intake of nutrients are important for current and later health of the child.
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Rajih, Salam. "NON-TRADITIONAL EXPOSURES AND CHILDHOOD DENTAL CARIES AMONG CHILDREN 1-5 YEARS OLD." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/465418.
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Clinical Research and Translational MedicineM.S.
Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is one of the most common chronic illnesses among young children, affecting around 23% of children 2-5 years old, leading to pain, discomfort, and poor quality of life. It is a multi-factorial disease that develops through the combined effects of bacteria, tooth morphology, fermentable carbohydrates, time, and various social factors. Several studies have investigated the associations between dental caries and non-traditional factors acquired during the first years of life including; mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). However, the literature on these associations has been inconsistent. Objective: To investigate the unadjusted and adjusted associations between the presence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Severe-ECC (S-ECC), and three non-traditional factors: breastfeeding, mode of delivery, and ETS, among children 1-5 years old. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, and a sample of 112 caregiver/ child dyads was recruited from the ongoing flow of patients at Temple University Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry (TUKSoD). After consent, subjects completed a questionnaire and received a standard intra-oral examination and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) Caries-risk Assessment Tool (CAT) by a student doctor. The study was approved by the Temple University Institutional Review Board (Protocol # 23885). Chi-square tests, two-sample t-tests and bivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the unadjusted associations. Two multivariable logistic models were developed for ECC and S-ECC and included demographics, overall CRA, and the three non-traditional risk factors. Results: The prevalence of ECC and S-ECC were 61% and 30%, respectively. The following variables were significant in the unadjusted analysis for both ECC and S-ECC: child’s age, maternal educational attainment, overall AAPD CAT classification, sugary snacks per day, presence of plaque on child’s teeth and ETS. Exposure to ETS was associated with an increased adjusted odds ratio for ECC (aOR=5.39 [95% CI: 1.14-25.33], P=0.033), but not for S-ECC. Furthermore, C-section birth was associated with a decreased adjusted odds ratio for both ECC and S-ECC, respectively (ECC: aOR=0.132 [95% CI: 0.02-0.72], P=0.02; S-ECC: aOR=0.141 [95% CI: 0.026-0.748], P=0.021). With inclusion of the AAPD CAT, demographics, and the three non-traditional factors, the overall model accuracy at predicting ECC was 82.2%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: In this study of urban, predominantly African American, and low income children, ECC was found associated with two non-traditional factors, ETS and mode of delivery, suggesting that including them in CRA may improve prediction of future dental caries, and aid in the prevention and treatment of disease. Results from this study support the notion that ECC is a multi-factorial disease, and highlights the importance of adopting oral health education among caregivers.
Temple University--Theses
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Matracia, Yoon-Mi(Sophie) L. "Pulpotomy to Stainless Steel Crown Ratio in Children with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross Sectional Analysis." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1242096142.
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Sharifzadeh-Amin, Maryam. "The Effect of 10% Povidone-Iodine on S. Mutans Levels in Children with "Early Childhood Caries"." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37981.
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An antibacterial agent that is effective and acceptable to young children will
be a useful supplement to behaviour modification techniques for the prevention of early childhood caries. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of 10% povidone-iodine solution (betadine) on S. mutans in children with dental caries. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized single blind, no treatment control trial. Twenty-five children between 2 and 6.8 years of age with unremarkable medical history were recruited from a private pediatric dental practice in Burnaby, BC. All subjects were scheduled for dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Parents completed a consent form and a variety of survey instruments.
Before intubation, height and weight of all participants were recorded and these
measurements were repeated at all subsequent study appointments for children in experimental group. Dental examination data and the plaque sample were collected after intubation. Following dental treatment, children were randomly assigned to the experimental group (N=13) or the control group (N=12). Experimental children had betadine applied 3 times at 2-month intervals and no treatment was employed for control children. After 6 months, both experimental and control children received another dental examination and a mouth swab was taken from all subjects. Plaque samples were cultured for total bacteria and S. mutans. Results: Betadine application was well-accepted by all experimental children. No adverse effect was reported. At baseline, experimental and control children had similar dietary habits, dmfs, and S. mutans levels. All children's S. mutans counts decreased significantly at 6 months (P=0.0004). Although the overall S. mutans decrease was greater for experimental children than for control children, this difference was not significant (P=0.58). Ten of
13 experimental children had a ≥1 log₁₀ decrease in S. mutans over 6 months, compared with 7 of 12 control children. The number of children with new cavitated carious lesions at 6 months was the same for both groups. For this group of children, the effect of rehabilitation under general anesthesia may have made a major
contribution to decreasing plaque S. mutans at 6-months post-treatment that
overwhelmed the effect of betadine. Conclusion: Results suggest that betadine may have an effect on S. mutans, but additional research with more subjects and a longer time period after application are indicated.Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Jaff, Mohammad Lina, Shqipe Bala, Turksel Dulgergil, and Peter Carlsson. "The prevalence of early childhood caries among children between 2-4 years old in Kirikkale, Turkey." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19840.
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ABSTRAKTMål: Syftet med denna studie var att bestämma kariesprevalensen (ECC) hos 2-4åriga barn i utvalda områden i Kirikkale, Turkiet, och undersöka associationen tillmoderns S.mutansnivå. Det undersöktes möjliga samband mellan barnens S.mutans nivå och förekomst av ECC. Utöver det valdes även att undersökasambandet mellan riskfaktorer och barnens kariesprevalens samt samband mellanriskfaktorer och barnens S. mutansnivå.Metoder: En pilotstudie bestående av kliniska undersökningar och frågeformulärutformades för insamling och bearbetning av information. Studiepopulationenbestod av 60 barn mellan 2-4 år. De blev kliniskt undersökta för att bestämmaECC prevalensen. Mammors S. mutansnivåer jämfördes med barnens ECCprevalens.Resultat: ECC prevalensen var 45% och medelvärdet av karierade fyllda primäratänder (dft) var 2.1. Studien kunde inte visa något signifikant samband mellan S.mutansnivån hos mödrar och ECC förekomsten bland barn. Däremot visadestudien en signifikant relation mellan barnens ålder och dft. Studien visade ingasamband mellan riskfaktorer och dft och ej heller någon association mellanriskfaktorer och barnets S.mutansnivå.Slutsats: Studien visar att ECC prevalensen är relativt hög (45 %) blandförskolebarn inom de utvalda områdena av Kirikkale, Turkiet. Studien har intekunnat finna något signifikant samband mellan S. mutansnivå bland mödrar ochbarnens ECC prevalens. I samstämmighet med andra tidigare studier, visade detockså att förekomsten av S. mutans bland förskolebarn är starkt knuten till ECC.ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of the study was to determine the early childhood caries(ECC) prevalence among 2-4 years old children in selected areas of Kirikkale,Turkey. The study aims to find the association between ECC among children andthe Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) level in their mothers. The study should alsodetermine possible associations between risk factors and children’s dental caries,and the association between risk factors and children’s S.mutans level.Methods: This is a pilot study consisting of a clinical examination and aquestionnaire, designed to collect necessary data. The study population of 60children, aged 2-4 years old, whom have been clinically examined to determinethe ECC prevalence. The mothers’ S.mutans levels have been compared with theECC prevalence among the children.Results: The ECC prevalence was 45% and mean number of primary decayed-filled teeth (dft) 2.1. The study could not show any correlation between S.mutanslevels among mothers and ECC prevalence among children. However, the studyshowed a significant association between children’s age and dft. Furthermore, thestudy could not find any association between the different risk factors and dft, orchildren’s S.mutans levels.Conclusion: The current study suggests that ECC prevalence is relatively high(45%) among preschool children in selected areas of Kirikkale, Turkey. However,the study could not find any significant relationships between S.mutans levelsamong mothers’ and children’s ECC prevalence. In consistency with earlierstudies in the field, results also suggest that the presence of S. mutans amongpreschool children is strongly connected to ECC.
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Ghazal, Tariq Sabah AbdulGhany. "Prevalence, Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Childhood Caries Among Young African-American Children in Alabama." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4848.
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Mfolo, Tshepiso. "Knowledge Attitude and Perception of Pregnant Women about Early Childhood caries in Tshwane District Gauteng South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76716.
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Introduction: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a serious public health concern globally especially in developing countries like South Africa. The main source from which infants acquire the causative bacteria - Mutans Streptococci (MS) is their mothers. The mothers with high levels of MS have a greater chance of transmitting the bacteria, particularly if they are involved in practices such as tasting the infant’s food and/or sharing eating utensils. Current research indicates that dental public health programmes fail to prevent ECC because of late intervention.
Objective: This study sought to determine the existing knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) of pregnant women about ECC in a population in Tshwane district, Gauteng province, South Africa and to compare these KAP across socio-economic groups (SES).
Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study involving consenting pregnant women recruited from selected private and public antenatal healthcare facilities in the Tshwane District area was conducted. This study involved the use of a validated self-administered structured questionnaire and an oral epidemiological clinical examination (modified by WHO Oral Health Assessment 1997 Guidelines). One calibrated examiner using a dental explorer and a mouth mirror under natural light carried out the oral examination. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, principal component analysis to obtain a composite score for participant’s attitude towards ECC; and chi-square and independent student’s T-test to compare different groups. Significance level was set at p<0.05.
Results: Response rate was 88.9% (n=353). Respondents’ age ranged from 18-44years (Mean age=31years). Only 18.7% of the respondents had complete knowledge of the cause of dental caries i.e. both sugar (diet) and biologic agent (bacterial plaque) whilst over half of the respondents (55.5%) mentioned only one factor. The participants’ knowledge of the cause of ECC was significantly associated with SES. A few mothers-to-be (13.9%) believed in the caries transmission from mother to child. Reported mean age for the child’s first dental visit was 2 years and 8 months. Only a quarter of respondents received oral health education for their unborn child during the antenatal visits. The majority of the pregnant women (93.8%) expressed the desire to receive information during the antenatal visit. The participants’ attitudes towards ECC was significantly associated with SES.
The caries prevalence of the pregnant women was high at 64.3%, with mean DMFT of 2.97(SD 3.20). High participant DMFT was significantly associated with reports of ‘rotten teeth’ in their other children. Only 19.3% mothers-to-be had visited a dental care provider in the last 6-months.
Conclusion: The knowledge of the pregnant women studied on ECC is incomplete and limited, while their attitudes and perceptions towards ECC was satisfactory. Therefore there is a need for the integration of oral health education with maternal and child health activities in both antenatal and post-natal clinics. There is a need for the oral health professionals to collaborate with other health works to reduce the prevalence of ECC.Dissertation (MSc Dent)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Community Dentistry
MSc Dent
Unrestricted
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Ribeiro, Thyciana Rodrigues. "A study of salivary peptide profile in children with early childhood caries: envisioning saliva as a diagnostic tool." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3576.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoThe aim of the present study was to find a relation between salivary peptides, caries experience and mutans streptococci (MS) levels in saliva of caries free (CF) and caries susceptible (CS) children in early childhood. One hundred and six 10 â 71 month-old children participated in the study. Fifty-eight children were CF and 48 who had experienced dental caries formed the CS group. Two samples of whole saliva were collected from all participants. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, subsequently centrifuged. Supernatants were lyophilized, divided into two pools (CF and CS) and individual samples, and stored at -20oC for posterior analysis using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) to study the peptide profile. Identification of salivary peptides was based on theoretical molecular masses available from online databases. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and used for MS detection in MSB agar medium. MS concentration in saliva was reported in cfu/mL. Dental examination was performed and dmfs/dmft scores were calculated. Data was analysed by using logistic regression. The chromatograms from CF and CS pools of saliva had different peak patterns. The identification of molecular masses suggested the presence of 9 peptides. Three of them were significantly related with caries experience. The presence of HNP-3 (α-defensin 3) (p = 0.019) and HBD-3 (β-defensin 3) (p = 0.034) reduced the chances of experiencing early childhood caries (ECC). The presence of PRP IB-4 significantly increased caries experience (p = 0.035). In addition, age (p = 0.020) and MS counts (p = 0.036) increased caries experience, however gender was not associated with dental caries (p = 0.877). Our results suggest that presence of specific peptides in saliva of CF or CS children in early childhood predisposes to a higher or lower risk of caries experience.
Este trabalho buscou estudar o perfil de peptÃdeos salivares de crianÃas com cÃrie da primeira infÃncia, relacionando-o com nÃveis de estreptococos do grupo mutans (EGM) salivares e experiÃncia de cÃrie. Cento e seis crianÃas, na faixa etÃria de 10 a 71 meses de idade, participaram do estudo, sendo 48 com experiÃncia de cÃrie e 58 sem cÃrie da primeira infÃncia. Duas amostras de saliva total foram coletadas de todos os participantes. A primeira amostra era composta de saliva nÃo estimulada, utilizada para anÃlise dos peptÃdeos. ApÃs coletada, essa saliva foi centrifugada, o sobrenadante retirado, liofilizado, dividido em pools com cÃrie, sem cÃrie e em amostras individuais e armazenado em freezer a -20oC atà anÃlise em aparelho de LC-MS (Cromatografia LÃquida acoplado ao EspectrÃmetro de Massa). A busca por peptÃdeos foi baseada em massas conhecidas de peptÃdeos existentes em bancos de dados. Saliva estimulada representou a segunda coleta, utilizada para o cultivo dos EGM (UFC/mL) em meio Ãgar mitis salivarius bacitracina (MSB). Anamnese e exame dentÃrio foram realizados para cÃlculo do Ãndice ceo-s e ceo-d. Os dados foram analisados por meio de modelo logÃstico binÃrio. Resultados foram considerados significantes quando p-valor < 0,05. Os cromatogramas obtidos a partir dos pools de crianÃas com/sem cÃrie apresentaram diferenÃas em relaÃÃo aos picos apresentados. A identificaÃÃo das massas moleculares sugeriram a presenÃa de nove peptÃdeos. RegressÃo logÃstica mostrou que 3 peptÃdeos se relacionaram com experiÃncia de cÃrie. PRP IB-4 associou-se a um aumento de experiÃncia de cÃrie (p=0,035); α-defensina 3 (p=0,019) e β-defensina 3 (p=0,034) associaram-se à reduÃÃo de experiÃncia de cÃrie. Em adiÃÃo, aumento na idade (p=0,020) e aumento na contagem de EGM (p=0,036) ocasionaram um aumento na experiÃncia de cÃrie, mas sexo nÃo se relacionou com cÃrie dentÃria (p=0,877). A partir desses resultados, pÃde-se concluir que a presenÃa de peptÃdeos especÃficos na saliva de crianÃas com e sem cÃrie dentÃria predispÃem a um maior ou menor risco à essa doenÃa.
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Carvalho, Fabíola Galbiatti de [UNESP]. "Colonização e identificação de Streptococcus grupo mutans e candida ssp. em lesões de cárie associadas ou não a síndrome da cárie de mamadeira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95489.
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carvalho_fg_me_ararafo.pdf: 2242133 bytes, checksum: 8b913a63b61cf88bd8cc0476d909d6d7 (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar o número (UFC) e a prevalência de Streptococcus grupo mutans e Candida spp. e das respectivas espécies no biofilme dental supragengival de crianças sem cárie, com cárie e cárie de mamadeira, e na dentina cariada de crianças com cárie e cárie de mamadeira, comparando a freqüência destes microrganismos nos sítios coletados. Foram coletadas amostras de biofilme dental e dentina cariada de 56 crianças de 1 a 5 anos de idade, as quais foram divididas em 3 grupos: 1- cárie de mamadeira (n=24); 2- cárie (n= 11) e 3- livres de cárie (n=21). As amostras foram semeadas em SB20 e SA, para S. mutans e Candida spp., respectivamente, e após 48h foram contadas. As espécies de S. mutans foram identificadas bioquimicamente, enquanto que as espécies de Candida foram identificadas pelo CHROMagar® Candida. Os testes estatísticos de Kruskall-Wallis e Mann-Whitney foram aplicados aos valores de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) e para as freqüências de cultura das espécies de S. mutans e Candida spp. foram aplicados testes estatísticos de Fisher. Os resultados mostraram que na contagem de UFC para S. mutans houve apenas diferença estatística entre os grupos 1 e 3 e entre os grupos 2 e 3 no biofilme, não existindo diferença na dentina. Com relação à contagem de UFC para Candida ssp. houve apenas diferença entre os grupos 1 e 3 no biofilme, não existindo diferença na dentina. A espécie mais prevalente foi S. mutans c, f e Candida albicans estando presentes com maior freqüência na cárie de mamadeira (85,4% e 60,4%, respectivamente), independente do local da coleta. Apenas para S. mutans c, f houve associação significante para dentes cariados, seja cárie de mamadeira ou não. Porém, a freqüência de Candida albicans no grupo cárie de mamadeira foi destacadamente maior quando comparada a dos grupos sem cárie e cárie...
The present study aimed to determine count (CFU) and the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans and Candida spp., and respectives species, in the dental supragengival biofilm of children caries-free, with early childhood caries and caries. Carious dentin was collected in the children with caries and early childhood caries to compare the frequency of these microorganisms in the collected sites. Pooled samples of dental biofilm and carious dentin were collected from 56 children aged 1 to 5 years, which were divided in 3 groups: 1 - early childhood caries (n=24); 2 - caries (n = 11) and 3 - caries-free (n=21). The samples were inoculated in SB20 medium and SA medium, for S. mutans and Candida spp., respectively, and incubated by 48 hours/37°C. Colonies growth were counted and identification was performed by biochemical tests. The statistical tests of Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney were applied to the total count of microorganisms (CFU). Fisher's tests were applied with the objective to evaluated the independence between the species and the caries type. The results showed that the count of CFU for S. mutans was statisticaly different between groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 3 in the biofilm, but not in dentin. The count of CFU for Candida ssp. was statisticaly different between groups 1 and 3 in the biofilm, but not in dentine. The more prevalent species was S. mutans c, f and Candida albicans, present more frequently in early childhood caries (85.4% and 60.4%, respectively), independent of the sampling site. Just S. mutans c, f had significant association for carious teeth, wether early childhood caries or not. However, the frequency of Candida albicans in the group early childhood caries was higher when compared to the groups caries-free and caries. There is a significant association between the presence of C. albicans and early childhood caries.
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Carvalho, Fabíola Galbiatti de. "Colonização e identificação de Streptococcus grupo mutans e candida ssp. em lesões de cárie associadas ou não a síndrome da cárie de mamadeira /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95489.
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Orientador: Denise Madalena Palomari SpolidorioBanca: Regina Maria Puppin Rontani
Banca: Josimeri Hebling
Resumo: O presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar o número (UFC) e a prevalência de Streptococcus grupo mutans e Candida spp. e das respectivas espécies no biofilme dental supragengival de crianças sem cárie, com cárie e cárie de mamadeira, e na dentina cariada de crianças com cárie e cárie de mamadeira, comparando a freqüência destes microrganismos nos sítios coletados. Foram coletadas amostras de biofilme dental e dentina cariada de 56 crianças de 1 a 5 anos de idade, as quais foram divididas em 3 grupos: 1- cárie de mamadeira (n=24); 2- cárie (n= 11) e 3- livres de cárie (n=21). As amostras foram semeadas em SB20 e SA, para S. mutans e Candida spp., respectivamente, e após 48h foram contadas. As espécies de S. mutans foram identificadas bioquimicamente, enquanto que as espécies de Candida foram identificadas pelo CHROMagar® Candida. Os testes estatísticos de Kruskall-Wallis e Mann-Whitney foram aplicados aos valores de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) e para as freqüências de cultura das espécies de S. mutans e Candida spp. foram aplicados testes estatísticos de Fisher. Os resultados mostraram que na contagem de UFC para S. mutans houve apenas diferença estatística entre os grupos 1 e 3 e entre os grupos 2 e 3 no biofilme, não existindo diferença na dentina. Com relação à contagem de UFC para Candida ssp. houve apenas diferença entre os grupos 1 e 3 no biofilme, não existindo diferença na dentina. A espécie mais prevalente foi S. mutans c, f e Candida albicans estando presentes com maior freqüência na cárie de mamadeira (85,4% e 60,4%, respectivamente), independente do local da coleta. Apenas para S. mutans c, f houve associação significante para dentes cariados, seja cárie de mamadeira ou não. Porém, a freqüência de Candida albicans no grupo cárie de mamadeira foi destacadamente maior quando comparada a dos grupos sem cárie e cárie...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present study aimed to determine count (CFU) and the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans and Candida spp., and respectives species, in the dental supragengival biofilm of children caries-free, with early childhood caries and caries. Carious dentin was collected in the children with caries and early childhood caries to compare the frequency of these microorganisms in the collected sites. Pooled samples of dental biofilm and carious dentin were collected from 56 children aged 1 to 5 years, which were divided in 3 groups: 1 - early childhood caries (n=24); 2 - caries (n = 11) and 3 - caries-free (n=21). The samples were inoculated in SB20 medium and SA medium, for S. mutans and Candida spp., respectively, and incubated by 48 hours/37°C. Colonies growth were counted and identification was performed by biochemical tests. The statistical tests of Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney were applied to the total count of microorganisms (CFU). Fisher's tests were applied with the objective to evaluated the independence between the species and the caries type. The results showed that the count of CFU for S. mutans was statisticaly different between groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 3 in the biofilm, but not in dentin. The count of CFU for Candida ssp. was statisticaly different between groups 1 and 3 in the biofilm, but not in dentine. The more prevalent species was S. mutans c, f and Candida albicans, present more frequently in early childhood caries (85.4% and 60.4%, respectively), independent of the sampling site. Just S. mutans c, f had significant association for carious teeth, wether early childhood caries or not. However, the frequency of Candida albicans in the group early childhood caries was higher when compared to the groups caries-free and caries. There is a significant association between the presence of C. albicans and early childhood caries.
Mestre
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Nordeen, Katherine A. "The Effectiveness of a Preventive Recall Strategy in Children Following Dental Rehabilitation Under General Anesthesia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3718.
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Purpose: This was a pilot study to assess the impact of a preventive strategy following full-mouth dental rehabilitation (FMDR) under general anesthesia in children with early childhood dental caries.
Methods: Sixty-six patients completed FMDR and were included in the analysis. At the consultation visit, caries risk assessment (CRA) and dental exam information were recorded, and caregivers completed an oral health knowledge (OHK) questionnaire. Patients returned for a post-surgery and recall visit. Caregivers received oral hygiene instructions in a motivational-interviewing style.
Results:At the consultation visit all patients were high risk. At the post-surgery visit, only 47% remained high risk (chi-square P
Conclusions: Preliminary data demonstrates that the preventive strategy is effective in reducing CRA level in children following FMDR.
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Klinke, T., M. Urban, C. Lück, C. Hannig, M. Kuhn, and N. Krämer. "Changes in Candida spp., Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli following Treatment of Early Childhood Caries: A 1-Year Follow-Up." Karger, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70548.
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Early childhood caries (ECC) is closely related to high numbers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and Candida albicans . Oral colonization of these microorganisms was monitored in a prospective clinical study in order to investigate the effect of comprehensive treatment under general anesthesia and the sustainability of microbial changes. Saliva samples were collected from 50 healthy infants with ECC before and in regular intervals up to 12 months after treatment. Microorganisms were detected by cultivation on selective agars (CRT ® bacteria and Sabouraud/CandiSelect TM ) and scored. Additionally, plaque on upper front teeth and the dmft were recorded. Parents were repeatedly interviewed regarding the children’s diet and oral hygiene, accompanied by corresponding advice. Plaque frequency and the numbers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and yeasts were significantly reduced as a result of treatment (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). Nevertheless, this effect was not permanent. An ordinal regression model on the follow-up period revealed that the odds for bacteria and yeasts to reach a higher score increased linearly over time (p < 0.01) with an odds ratio of 2.244 per year. One third (34%) of the children developed new dentinal lesions within 1 year postoperatively. High scores of lactobacilli before treatment predicted caries relapse (p < 0.05). Nutritional and oral hygiene habits changed only slightly despite advising. Elimination and restoration of ECC lesions under general anesthesia proved to be an effective procedure in reducing cariogenic bacteria and yeasts. A satisfactory and sustainable success, however, could be achieved neither regarding microbiologic parameters nor with respect to the relapse rate. More suitable strategies are needed.
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Hashim, Raghad, and n/a. "A quantitative and qualitative study of early childhood caries among young children in the Emirate of Ajman, United Arab Emirates." University of Otago. School of Dentistry, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080521.144521.
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Objectives: The objective of the quantitative research was to estimate the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and severe Early Childhood Caries (s-ECC) and the severity of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in the primary dentition of young children in Ajman, UAE, and investigate their association with child and family characteristics, dietary habits, fluoride use, oral hygiene practices and dental services utilization. The purpose of the qualitative research was to obtain information that could explain some of the findings of the quantitative stage in order to progress towards determining a strategy to control ECC in this population.
Methods: A two-stage cluster sample was used to randomly select children aged 5 or 6 years old who were enrolled in public or private schools in Ajman, UAE. Clinical examinations for caries were conducted by a single examiner using WHO criteria. Parents completed questionnaires seeking information on child and family characteristics, dietary habits, oral hygiene, fluoride use and dental service utilization. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk markers and risk indicators for caries experience. To complement the quantitative findings, the second (qualitative) stage of the research was conducted with six chosen groups of mothers from different educational backgrounds and different nationalities. Each group contained between six and ten mothers - some of whose children had been examined in the quantitative section of the project. The mothers were invited to comment on the significance for them of those risk indicators identified in the earlier section of the research. The manual thematic coding method of analysis was used. Problems concerning the dental health of children were identified based on the results of both stages.
Results: The total number of children sampled was 1297. Dental examination and questionnaire data were obtained for 1036 (79.9%), of whom 50.0% were female. The prevalence of ECC in 5- and 6-year-old children was 72.9% (95% CI, 61.8, 83.9) and 80.0% (95% CI, 76.0, 84.4) respectively, with mean dmft scores of 4.0 (sd, 4.1) and 4.9 (sd, 4.3) respectively (P<0.05). The overall prevalence of s-ECC was 31.1% (95% CI, 23.6, 38.9). Multivariate analysis indicated that frequency of snacking between meals per day, snack consumption level and the frequency of brushing had a significant effect on the severity of ECC, while only the snack consumption level and the frequency of brushing had a significant effect on plaque score. There was a strong association between plaque score and the severity of ECC. The total number of mothers who contributed to the qualitative study was 42. The findings of the qualitative stage showed that some mothers had a negative perception toward the primary dentition and unhelpful attitudes towards their children�s diets (through promoting a high consumption of cariogenic food), while the use of fluoride (other than in toothpaste) was rare. However, many mothers were in favor of bottled water fluoridation once they understood the benefits of such a scheme and supported the idea of a dental preventive program beng provided through their children�s schools.
Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of ECC in young children in Ajman is high, with child and family characteristics, dietary habits, oral hygiene practices and dental utilization being important determinants. Young children in Ajman would benefit from health promotion strategies directed towards appropriate dietary practices and oral hygiene measures framed within culturally specific guidelines.
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McKinney, Voronina L. Rozier R. Gary. "The relationship between early childhood caries and caregivers' oral health knowledge and behavior among Medicaid-eligible children in North Carolina." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,541.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dental Hygiene Education in the Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry." Discipline: Dental Ecology; Dental Hygiene Education; Department/School: Dentistry.
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Taneja, Pratibha [Verfasser]. "Early childhood caries and its association with socio-behavioural and parental factors among 2-6 year old children / Pratibha Taneja." München : GRIN Verlag, 2017. http://d-nb.info/118022955X/34.
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Neves, Beatriz GonÃalves. "Molecular detection of bacteria in dentinal carious lesions and in biofilm of children with different stages of early childhood caries." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14164.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoEarly childhood caries (ECC) is considered a serious public health issue among children all over the world. However, many aspects should be explored about the oral microbiota related to the ECC progression and how the bacterial community modifies according to the dentine lesion activity. This thesis, composed by two chapters, aimed to investigate and quantify with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) the following bacteria Actinomyces naeslundii, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, as well as members of the groups Lactobacillus casei and Mitis on biofilm from pre-school children with different stages of early childhood caries progression (Chapter 1) and on active and inactive dentine carious lesions (Chapter 2), and also to verify the association of these microorganisms on the process of health or disease. The sample consisted on preschool children aged between 2 and 5 years from nurseries and public preeschools in Fortaleza-CE. The children were examined for caries diagnosis with ICDAS II index (International Caries Detection Assessment System), and the Nyvad criteria, in order to evaluate prevalence and caries activity. The supragingival biofilm collection was taken from 75 children, who were divided in three groups according to the ICDAS II: CF (caries free) (n=20), ECL (presence of enamel caries lesion) (n=17) and DCL (presence of dentine caries lesion) (n=38). Samples of carious dentine were collected under rubber dam isolation of 56 lesions of dentine affected by caries, being 17 inactive and 39 active. The DNA of all the collected samples was extracted and purified, then tested for the presence of the formerly mentioned bacterial species/groups through qPCR. The quantity of bacteria was compared through the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Besides, the association between the presence of bacteria and ECC was analyzed through the Chi-square test, with a 5% significance level and the multiple logistic regression was applied. Bacteria from the group L. casei and L. acidophilus presented low detection on biofilm of all evaluated groups. The presence of S. mutans and Bifidobacterium spp. showed a strong association with dental caries progression on the biofilm from children with dentine lesions with odds ratio of 21,5 and 5,9; respectively. On active dentine lesions, concentrations of Bifidobacterium spp. and species from the Lactobacillus casei group were significantly higher when compared to the inactive lesions (p<0.05). The levels of Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonni and species from Mitis group were not significantly different among biofilm groups as well as comparing dentine lesions. In conclusion, the microbial profile from biofilm samples presented differences on the proportion of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria with dental caries progression. The presence of Bifidobacterium spp. and S. mutans presented a strong association with the development of the more advanced stages of ECC. Regarding the activity of dentine lesions, higher detection levels of the group L. casei and Bifidobacterium spp. showed an important role of these bacteria in the dentine caries activity.
A cÃrie precoce da infÃncia (CPI) Ã considerada um grave problema de saÃde pÃblica em crianÃas prÃ-escolares em todo mundo. No entanto, muitos aspectos ainda devem ser explorados acerca da microbiota oral relacionada com a progressÃo da CPI e como a comunidade bacteriana se modifica de acordo com a atividade da lesÃo dentinÃria. Esta tese, constituÃda de dois capÃtulos, teve como objetivo identificar e quantificar atravÃs da tÃcnica de reaÃÃo em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa (qPCR) as bactÃrias Actinomyces naeslundii, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, bem como espÃcies dos grupos Lactobacillus casei e Mitis em biofilme de crianÃas prÃ-escolares com diferentes estÃgios de progressÃo da cÃrie precoce da infÃncia (CapÃtulo 1) e em lesÃes cariosas dentinÃrias ativas e inativas (CapÃtulo 2) e ainda verificar a associaÃÃo destes microrganismos ao processo de saÃde ou de doenÃa. A amostra consistiu em prÃ-escolares com idade entre 2 e 5 anos de idade que frequentavam creches e escolas pÃblicas de Fortaleza-CE. As crianÃas foram examinadas com o uso de Ãndices visuais ICDAS II (International Caries Detection Assessment System) e Nyvad, a fim de avaliar a prevalÃncia e atividade de cÃrie. A coleta de biofilme supragengival foi realizada em 75 crianÃas, as quais foram agrupadas de acordo com Ãndice ICDAS II em trÃs grupos: CF (livres de cÃrie) (n=20), ECL (presenÃa de lesÃes de cÃrie em esmalte) (n=17) e DCL (presenÃa de lesÃes de cÃrie em dentina) (n=38). Amostras de dentina cariada foram coletadas sob isolamento absoluto de 56 lesÃes cariosas dentinÃrias, sendo 17 inativas e 39 ativas. O DNA de todas as amostras coletadas foi extraÃdo e purificado e, em seguida, testado para a presenÃa das espÃcies/grupos bacterianos acima citados atravÃs de qPCR. A quantidade das bactÃrias foi comparada pelos testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. AlÃm disso, a associaÃÃo da presenÃa de bactÃrias e CPI foi analisada atravÃs do teste Qui-quadrado, com nÃvel de significÃncia de 5% e aplicado a regressÃo logÃstica mÃltipla. BactÃrias L. acidophilus e do grupo L. casei apresentaram baixa detecÃÃo no biofilme de todos os grupos avaliados. A presenÃa de S. mutans e Bifidobacterium spp. mostrou forte associaÃÃo com a progressÃo da doenÃa no biofilme de crianÃas com lesÃes dentinÃrias com âodds ratioâ de 21,5 e 5,9, respectivamente. Em lesÃes dentinÃrias ativas, concentraÃÃes de Bifidobacterium spp. e bactÃrias do grupo L. casei foram significativamente maiores quando comparadas Ãs lesÃes inativas (p<0.05). Os nÃveis de A. naeslundii, bactÃrias do grupo Mitis e S. gordonni nÃo apresentaram diferenÃa significativa entre os grupos de biofilme, assim como nas lesÃes dentinÃrias. Conclui-se que as amostras de biofilme apresentaram alteraÃÃo na proporÃÃo de bactÃrias acidogÃnicas e acidÃricas com a progressÃo da doenÃa cÃrie. A presenÃa de Bifidobacterium spp. e S. mutans apresentou forte associaÃÃo com os estÃgios mais avanÃados da CPI. Em relaÃÃo Ãs lesÃes dentinÃrias, o aumento da concentraÃÃo de bactÃrias Bifidobacterium spp. e do grupo L. casei evidenciou um papel importante destas bactÃrias na atividade de lesÃes dentinÃrias.
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Kerns, Amanda Dr. "The Effectiveness of a Preventive Recall Strategy in Children Following Dental Rehabilitation Under General Anesthesia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4108.
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Abstract
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PREVENTIVE RECALL STRATEGY IN CHILDREN FOLLOWING DENTAL REHABILITATION UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA
By Amanda Kerns, DDS
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Virginia Commonwealth University, 2016
Thesis Advisor: Elizabeth Berry, DDS, MPH, MSD
Vice Chair, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry
Purpose: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of a preventive strategy following full-mouth dental rehabilitation (FMDR) in children with early childhood dental caries.
Methods: 130 patients completed FMDR and were included in the analysis. Caries risk assessment (CRA), dental exam, and a caregiver oral health knowledge (OHK) questionnaire was completed for each patient. Patients were randomized into two groups; intervention returned at 3 and 6 months and control returned at only 6 months post-surgery. At each recall, CRA and dental exam information was recorded, and at the six month recall, all caregivers completed the OHK questionnaire.
Results: Actual recall data showed a statistically significant difference in CRA at six months, with 71.8% of patients in the control and 44.8% of patients in the intervention assessed as high caries risk.
Conclusions: The actual recall data suggests this recall strategy is effective in reducing CRA level following FMDR.
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Bartkowski, Lindsey Marie. "The Association Between Household Food Security and Dental Caries in Young Children." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405461794.
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Moelich, Nadine. "Determination of the Cariogenic Potential of Sugar Substitutes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76724.
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Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a burden worldwide which has a negative impact on children’s wellbeing and affects aesthetics, speech and mastication. It may lead to loss of space, creating problems that are difficult and expensive to manage in future. The International Association of Paediatric Dentistry (IAPD) declared that more than 600 million children worldwide are affected by ECC.
Caries is a multifactorial disease and frequent excessive sugar consumption is noted as a major risk factor in the development of caries. It also contributes to other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. The well-established link between dental caries and dietary sugar, specifically sucrose, can be explained due to the fact that it can be fermented by microorganisms.
The use of sugar substitutes may be justified as an effective way to prevent dental caries by modifying the metabolism of microorganisms which will lead to a reduction in lactic acid production in the mouth. This study explored the cariogenic potential of sugar substitutes. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the cariogenic potential of commercially available sugar substitutes namely: xylitol, erythritol and stevia. The data collected could be useful in finding a suitable substitute for sucrose, one of the main causative factors of ECC.
A total of 52 enamel slabs were prepared from the surfaces of extracted primary teeth and placed in growth media before being inoculated with Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The enamel slabs and growth media were used to determine the Colony Forming Units (CFUs) of S. mutans after exposure to xylitol, erythritol and stevia and to determine the acid production of S. mutans in the presence of these sugar substitutes by measuring the acidity (pH) of the growth media. Biofilm formation in the presence of sucrose, xylitol, erythritol and stevia was confirmed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Considering the CFUs, pH and SEM analysis, this study suggests that xylitol, erythritol and stevia are all less cariogenic alternatives to sucrose. Stevia has been shown to have the lowest cariogenic potential, followed by erythritol and then xylitol. These substitutes should however be used with caution as they still produced a drop in pH close to the critical demineralization level.
From the literature studied, it is clear that ECC is a preventable disease. It is the dental professional’s duty to raise awareness with parents, caregivers, other health care professionals and all relevant stakeholders. Parents and patients should be educated to limit sugar intake and to substitute sugar with healthier alternatives such as xylitol, erythritol or stevia, which all proved to be less cariogenic than sucrose.Dissertation (MSc Dent)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Community Dentistry
MSc Dent
Unrestricted
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Lawson, Kristin M. "Characteristics of Patients Seeking Care From a Hospital-Based Infant Dental Clinic." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1404603761.
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