Journal articles on the topic 'Early childhood education – Ireland'

Ireland’s education system at primary level is renowned for its lack of diversity, with most schools falling under the patronage of the Catholic Church. This homogeneity of school type is problematic from a number of perspectives, not least the changed demographics in terms of religious affiliation in Ireland. There is a desire for change by all; however, the pace of change is slow. Whilst the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA) determines the curriculum for all subject areas in primary schools, this body has no remit over the subject of religious education (RE). The responsibility for the provision of RE has rested with the patrons of schools since the inception of the national school system. This review focuses on the provision of early years’ Catholic RE in schools and pre-schools in the Republic of Ireland. In recent years, the importance afforded to the subject of RE and its status in schools has been eroded. The impact on early childhood religious education of this diminution is outlined. The review also addresses the training and support of teachers to work in the Catholic school sector and concurs with other writers in the field that current programmes of preparation require reform.

Women who attain more education tend to have children with more educational opportunities, a transmission of educational advantages across generations that is embedded in the larger structures of families’ societies. Investigating such country-level variation with a life-course model, this study estimated associations of mothers’ educational attainment with their young children’s enrollment in early childhood education and engagement in cognitively stimulating activities in a pooled sample of 36,400 children ( n = 17,900 girls, 18,500 boys) drawn from nationally representative data sets from Australia, Ireland, U.K., and U.S. Results showed that having a mother with a college degree generally differentiated young children on these two outcomes more in the U.S., potentially reflecting processes related to strong relative advantage (i.e., maternal education matters more in populations with lower rates of women’s educational attainment) and weak contingent protection (i.e., it matters more in societies with less policy investment in families).

In this collective article, the authors explore constructions of early childhood practitioners and how they disconnect and reconnect in a global neo-liberal education policy context. The contributions to the conversation provide windows into shifting professional identities across five national contexts: New Zealand, the USA, Ireland, Australia and Denmark. The authors ask who benefits from the notion of distinct professional identities, linked to early childhood education as locally and culturally embedded practice. They conceptualize teachers’ shifting subjectivities, drawing on Kristeva’s philosophical conception of identity as constantly in construction, open and evolving. Arguments for the urgency to counter the global uniformity machine, streamlined curricula, standardized assessment and deprofessionalization are not new. However, the authors wonder whether these arguments are missing something. Does our localized and highly contextualized identity construction enable ‘divide and rule’ politics by global agents such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank and international corporations? The authors’ (preliminary) answer is to build individual and collective professional identities that are grounded in diverse local contexts and in a broader transnational professional (political) consciousness and collective voice.

Children’s play is first and foremost a matter of human rights. As declared in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 1989), all children and young people have the right to play and have an intrinsic need to play. Play provides opportunities for children and young people to be free to choose what they do, and to challenge themselves, take risks and enjoy freedoms. (Playboard Northern Ireland, Young researchers’ team, 2013). General Comment 17 of the UNCRC states that children need to play in order to grow, learn and that play is a way of taking part in everyday life. Play also provides opportunities to promote gender equality and is essential for children’s health and well-being. The importance of play in early childhood education (ECE) will be analyzed with a specific emphasis on the sociological dimension and as a right granted to children by the UNCRC.

Childhood trauma can exert a negative influence in the lives of young children. Yet, while Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) professionals are perfectly positioned to support children exposed to such trauma, extant research reports a scarcity of bespoke trauma awareness training for the ECEC profession. The aim of the current study served to explore the trauma awareness knowledge, strategies, and training of the ECEC profession in the Republic of Ireland. A comprehensive survey instrument, comprising 45 items across 5 Thematic Domains related to trauma knowledge and training, was disseminated to ECEC professionals nationwide. With a response rate of 1053 participants, key findings revealed (i) a fragmented understanding of what constitutes childhood trauma, and (ii) a significant association between lower levels of educational attainment and trauma education (Initial Practitioner Education, p = 0.000; Continuous Professional Development, p = 0.039). Further, 95% of participants called for context-specific, trauma awareness training, substantiating the voracious appetite for this crucial cog in the ECEC learning continuum, and thus reflecting the need for urgent reform to address and support the complexities of childhood trauma in ECEC discourse.

This paper considers issues faced by multilingual families in supporting their children’s acquisition of minority home languages. These include the challenges posed by majority language dominance in society and education, limited opportunities for minority language input and interaction, and possible differences in the language acquisition experience of siblings (De Houwer, 2007; Barron-Hauwaert, 2011; Bridges and Hoff, 2014). The paper reports on a comparative case study which investigated the early childhood language development of two siblings acquiring Bosnian and English in Ireland. Based on audio and video recordings of the children in the home environment, it focuses on the acquisition of the minority language, Bosnian, by the eldest and youngest of three sisters. Following a previous study (Finnegan-Ćatibušić, 2006), it compares the children's linguistic development in the minority language and how this may be influenced by discourse patterns in family interaction (Döpke, 1992; Genessee, 2002; 2008). The children's development of biliteracy (Cummins, 2012) and community efforts to promote minority language maintenance are also discussed. Multilingualism is considered from an ecological perspective (Van Lier, 2004; Creese and Blackledge, 2010), exploring steps that families can take to create linguistic environments which support minority language development. This research is set in the context of an increasingly multilingual Ireland, in which migrant languages have been acknowledged as a ‘resource’ by the Department of Education and Skills (DES, 2017). The study shows that children’s multilingual development often occurs outside formal education, in family and community settings. Its findings indicate that, within the education system, there is a need for greater recognition of multilingualism from the early years and for the promotion of multilingual approaches to education (Kirwan, 2013; Ćatibušić and Little, 2014; Cummins, 2015).

Religious tolerance is a supporter of social harmony and brings a country to a better life. Instilling tolerance in early childhood is a challenge for early childhood educators. This study aims to describe the transformation of religious tolerance values ​​by teachers in early childhood education. This research is a type of qualitative case study research model with researchers as observer participants. This research produces the following findings, that (1) transformation of tolerance values ​​among religious communities, is explicitly not taught in Early Childhood Education (ECE) on the grounds that all students are of the same religion, (2) transformation of tolerance of values among religious students taught through learning integrated with other lessons, (3) although explicitly the values ​​of tolerance among religious students are not taught, but the values ​​of togetherness such as greeting, sharing something that is owned, and helping the needs of other students are taught by practicing at the same time. Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Tolerance Values in Religion References: Adams, K. (2019). Navigating the spaces of children’s spiritual experiences: influences of tradition(s), multidisciplinarity and perceptions. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 24(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2019.1619531 Adams, K., Bull, R., & Maynes, M. L. (2016). Early childhood spirituality in education: Towards an understanding of the distinctive features of young children’s spirituality. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 24(5), 760–774. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2014.996425 Atamturk, N. (2018). The role of English as a foreign language classes in tolerance education in relation to school management practices. Quality and Quantity, 52, 1167–1177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0575-7 Banerjee, K., & Bloom, P. (2015). “Everything Happens for a Reason”: Children’s Beliefs About Purpose in Life Events. Child Development, 86(2), 503–518. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12312 Bano, M., & Ferra, E. (2018). Family versus school effect on individual religiosity: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Educational Development, 59(August 2017), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.10.015 Coleman, E. B., & Eds, K. W. (2011). Religious Tolerance, Education and the Curriculum. In Religious Tolerance, Education and the Curriculum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-412-6 Elza, Y., Handini, M. C., & Abdurrahman, M. (2018). The Effects of Storytelling Method with Audiovisual Media and Religiosity toward Clean and Healthy Living Program Behaviour ( CHLB ) of Early Childhood. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research, 6(June), 547–552. Ene, I., & Barna, I. (2015). Religious Education and Teachers’ Role in Students’ Formation towards Social Integration. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180(November 2014), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.081 Ergun, S. J., & Rivas, M. F. (2019). The effect of social roles, religiosity, and values on climate change concern: An empirical analysis for Turkey. Sustainable Development, 27(4), 758–769. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1939 Faas, D., Smith, A., & Darmody, M. (2018). Children’s Agency in Multi-Belief Settings: The Case of Community National Schools in Ireland. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 32(4), 486–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2018.1494645 Firdaus, E. (2018). The Learning of Religious Tolerance among Students in Indonesia from the Perspective of Critical Study. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 145(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/145/1/012032 Ganjvar, M. (2019). Islamic Model of Children’s Spiritual Education (CSE); its influence on improvement of communicational behaviour with non-coreligionists. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 24(2), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2019.1624254 Granqvist, P., & Nkara, F. (2017). Nature meets nurture in religious and spiritual development. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 35(1), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12170 Heiphetz, L., Lane, J. D., Waytz, A., & Young, L. L. (2016). How Children and Adults Represent God’s Mind. Cognitive Science, 40(1), 121–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12232 King, U. (2013). The spiritual potential of childhood: Awakening to the fullness of life. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 18(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2013.776266 Kirschenbaum, H. (2019). Models of Values Education and Moral Education in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 8(2), 103–109. Lehtonen, M. (2019). The Development of Religious Tolerance: Co-operative Board Games with Children and Adolescents. IATL Reinvention: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2(2). Retrieved from https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/iatl/reinvention/ Łowicki, P., & Zajenkowski, M. (2019). Empathy and Exposure to Credible Religious Acts during Childhood Independently Predict Religiosity. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 00(00), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2019.1672486 Maussen, M., Bader, V., Dobbernack, J., Modood, T., Olsen, T. V., Fox, J., & Vidra, Z. (2012). Tolerance and cultural diversity in schools Comparative report. Amsterdam. Miedema, S., & Bertram-Troost, G. (2008). Democratic citizenship and religious education: Challenges and perspectives for schools in the Netherlands. British Journal of Religious Education, 30(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200701830970 Moore, D. . (2007). Overcoming Religious Illiteracy: A Cultural Studies Approach to the Study of Religion in Secondary Education. US: Palgrave Macmillan. Niculescu, R. M., & Norel, M. (2013). Religious Education an Important Dimension of Human’s Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 338–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.200 Pandya, S. P. (2019). Spiritual education programme (SEP) for enhancing the quality of life of kindergarten school children. Pastoral Care in Education, 37(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2018.1562493 Parekh, B. (2019). Ethnocentric Political Theory. Ethnocentric Political Theory, 263–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11708-5 Sari, A. D. P., & Indartono, S. (2019). Teaching Religious Tolerance Through Social Studies Education Based On Multicultural Approach. 323(ICoSSCE 2018), 214–219. https://doi.org/10.2991/icossce-icsmc-18.2019.40 Scheiner, P. (2015). Crossings and Crosses: Borders, Educations, and Religions in Northern Europe. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Inc. Scott, K. (2014). Inviting young adults to come out religiously, institutionally and traditionally. Religious Education, 109(4), 471–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2014.924790 Stockinger, H. (2019). Developing spirituality–an equal right of every child? International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 24(3), 307–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2019.1646218 Thibodeau, R. B., Brown, M. M., Nancarrow, A. F., Elpers, K. E., & Gilpin, A. T. (2018). Conceptual Similarities among Fantasy and Religious Orientations: A Developmental Perspective. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 18(1–2), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340021 Tratner, A. E., Sela, Y., Lopes, G. S., Ehrke, A. D., Weekes-Shackelford, V. A., & Shackelford, T. K. (2017). Individual differences in childhood religious experiences with peers. Personality and Individual Differences, 119, 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.045 UNESCO. (2015). Second UNESCO Forum on Global Citizenship Education: Building Peaceful and Sustainable Societies (Paris, 28-30 January 2015). Final Report. (January), 1–22. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ED/pdf/FinalReport-GCED_21April.pdf Uzefovsky, F., Döring, A. K., & Knafo-Noam, A. (2016). Values in Middle Childhood: Social and Genetic Contributions. Social Development, 25(3), 482–502. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12155 Van Der Walt, J. L. (2014). Towards an instrument for measuring religious tolerance among educators and their students worldwide (Potchefstroom Campus-North-West University). Retrieved from https://www.driestar-educatief.nl/medialibrary/Driestar/Engelse-website/Documenten/2014-VanderWalt-Measuring-religious-tolerance-in-education.pdf Yulianti, E., Sutarto, J., & Sugiyo. (2019). Sentra Nasima Learning Strategies to Enhance Religious Nationalist Characters in Kindergarten. Journal of Primary Education, 8(69), 238–247.

BackgroundHeight is regarded as a marker of early-life illness, adversity, nutrition and psychosocial stress, but the extent to which differences in height are determined by early-life socioeconomic circumstances, particularly in contemporary populations, is unclear. This study examined socioeconomic differences in children’s height trajectories from birth through to 21 years of age in four European countries.MethodsData were from six prospective cohort studies—Generation XXI, Growing Up in Ireland (infant and child cohorts), Millennium Cohort Study, EPITeen and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study—comprising a total of 49 492 children with growth measured repeatedly from 1980 to 2014. We modelled differences in children’s growth trajectories over time by maternal educational level using hierarchical models with fixed and random components for each cohort study.ResultsAcross most cohorts at practically all ages, children from lower educated mothers were shorter on average. The gradient in height was consistently observed at 3 years of age with the difference in expected height between maternal education groups ranging between −0.55 and −1.53 cm for boys and −0.42 to −1.50 cm for girls across the different studies and widening across childhood. The height deficit persists into adolescence and early adulthood. By age 21, boys from primary educated maternal backgrounds lag the tertiary educated by −0.67 cm (Portugal) and −2.15 cm (Finland). The comparable figures for girls were −2.49 cm (Portugal) and −2.93 cm (Finland).ConclusionsSignificant differences in children’s height by maternal education persist in modern child populations in Europe.

The authors of the article: “Kitchen Lab for Kids – a Programme for Shaping STEM Skills in Preschool” have presented the assumptions of the project financed from the European Funds within the Programme “Erasmus+ Action 2. School education – strategic partnerships for school education” (KA 201). The objective of five research teams from Italy, Ireland, Spain and Poland, is promoting the international exchange of the best practices and experiences in selecting active learning at the level of early childhood education and care (ECEC), as well as stimulating and encouraging teachers to find new, modern and interactive teaching methods, especially in the scope of STEM education. In the first part of the article the authors analysed the EU documents being the basis for the project actions. Also, they emphasized the meaning of improving the quality of teaching young children. In the further part of the article, they presented the methodological assumptions of the project and expected intellectual results.Article prepared within the frame of Erasmus+ Project “Kitchen Lab for Kids,” grant number 2018-1-PL01-KA201-050857.The article prepared with financial support of EU Erasmus+ programme. The European Commission’s support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which reflect the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

ObjectivesIncreasing rates of young people not in education, employment or training (NEETs) are a cause of concern both in Ireland and internationally, but little longitudinal research has examined the link between psychiatric disorder in young people and NEET status.MethodsThe Challenging Times (CT) Study is a longitudinal, population-based study of psychopathology among 212 young Irish people. Clinical interviews were performed at two time points: 12–15 years and 19–24 years.ResultsNEET status in young adulthood was associated with a sevenfold increased risk of current suicidal ideation. This result was independent of prior adolescent mental disorder. NEET young people had a fourfold increased odds of being diagnosed with a mental disorder in childhood or early adolescence compared with their economically active peers. NEET young people were at an almost threefold increased risk of any mental health disorder a twofold increased risk of anxiety disorder and threefold increased odds of suicide attempts over their lifetime compared with economically active peers.ConclusionsNEET young people are at increased risk for mental disorder and suicidal ideation. The association is bidirectional, as prior mental disorder in adolescence appeared to account for much of the association between NEET status and current mental health problems. However, economic inactivity conveys an increased risk for suicidal ideation over and above that due to prior disorder. Our findings provide a compelling economic and societal argument for early intervention and treatment of mental disorder and the importance of vocational interventions for reducing suicide risk in young adults.

Social sustainability is linked to finding new ways of living together and strengthening social capital and participation, as well as to social justice and equity in societies, and it is becoming increasingly important for diverse multicultural societies. In this article, we trace understandings of social sustainability as established in Early Childhood Education (ECE) policy documents by following the chains of meaning connected to sense of belonging, local place and cultural diversity and through ECE collaboration with children’s parents/caregivers. Critical discourse analysis has been applied to trace the chains of meaning attached to these concepts in ECE steering documents in Australia, Croatia, Denmark, Norway, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden and the UK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). Such analysis shows different ways in which the ECE polices indirectly work with social sustainability, as well as create critical distance from the sets of meanings established in each country (by proving a chain of meaning established in the policy documents of another country). In conclusion, we do not advocate in favour of any of the chains of meaning but argue for continual reflection and reflexivity, and we see research to be a particularly significant arena in which to unfreeze the taken for granted and sustainable notion.

The present article is a research clipping whose general objective was to understand how the organizational structure of a public school made possible the work with students with disabilities for the realization of the truly inclusive education proposal. In this work we discuss the collaboration/partnership in a perspective that articulates the different segments of professionals of the school in the interlocution with the family, perspective that seeks to potentiate the learning of a student’s with disabilities. We present an experience developed with a student of Early Childhood education, in the context of a municipal school in the interior of the state of São Paulo, where the vice-director/researcher presents collaborative processes developed between teacher regent, a teacher of Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) and an educational agent, subjects who were responsible for preparing and developing projects, activities and teaching materials for the referred student. The data produced for this work are: Teacher's Diary, student’s Individual Development Plan (PDI), evaluation record of the student’s mother, daily register of the vice-director and the reflective register of the teachers and educational agent about their experiences with the student with disabilities. The production of the data was analyzed from the indexing paradigm. Collaboration/partnership was made possible through the constitution of a group of individuals who support each other, experienced joint actions and had feelings of productive belonging, around the common goal of guaranteeing student’s learning. The participation of the family was paramount to the achievement of the objectives proposed with the student with disabilities.ResumoO presente artigo é um recorte de pesquisa que teve como objetivo geral compreender de que forma a estrutura organizativa de uma escola pública possibilitou o trabalho com os alunos público-alvo da educação especial (PAEE) para a efetivação da proposta de educação verdadeiramente inclusiva. Neste trabalho discutimos a colaboração/parceria numa perspectiva que articula os diferentes segmentos de profissionais da escola na interlocução com a família, perspectiva que almeja potencializar a aprendizagem do aluno PAEE. Apresentamos experiência desenvolvida com aluno da Educação Infantil, no contexto de uma escola municipal do interior do estado de São Paulo, em que a vice-diretora/pesquisadora apresenta processos colaborativos desenvolvidos entre professora regente, professora do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) e agente educacional, sujeitos que se responsabilizaram por elaborar e desenvolver projetos, atividades e materiais pedagógicos para o referido aluno. Os dados produzidos para este trabalho contemplam: Diário de Bordo das professoras, Plano de Desenvolvimento Individual (PDI) do aluno, registro avaliativo da mãe do aluno, caderno de registro cotidiano da vice-diretora e registro reflexivo das professoras e agente educacional sobre suas experiências junto ao aluno PAEE. A produção dos dados foi analisada a partir do paradigma indiciário. A colaboração/parceria foi possibilitada através da constituição de um grupo onde os sujeitos se apoiaram mutuamente, experimentaram ações conjuntas e tinham sentimentos de pertença produtiva, em torno do objetivo comum de garantir a aprendizagem do aluno PAEE. A participação da família foi primordial para o alcance dos objetivos propostos com o aluno PAEE.ResumenEl presente artículo es un recorte de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo general comprender de qué forma la estructura organizativa de una escuela pública posibilitó el trabajo con los alumnos con discapacidad para la realización de la propuesta educativa verdaderamente inclusiva. En este trabajo discutimos la colaboración/asociación en una perspectiva que articula los diferentes segmentos de profesionales de la escuela en la interlocución con la familia, perspectiva que pretende potencializar el aprendizaje del aluno con discapacidad. Presentamos la experiencia desarrollada con un alumno de la Educación Infantil, en el contexto de una escuela municipal del interior del estado de São Paulo, donde la vice-directora/investigadora presenta los procesos colaborativos desarrollados entre la profesora de la sala, la profesora del Atendimiento Educacional Especializados (AEE) e la agente educacional, sujetos que se responsabilizaron por elaborar y desarrollar proyectos, actividades e materiales pedagógicos para el alumno referido. Los datos producidos para este trabajo contemplan: Diario de Bordo de las profesoras, Plano de Desenvolvimiento Individual (PDI) del alumno, registro evaluativo de la madre del alumno, cuaderno de registro cotidiano de la vice-directora e registro reflexivo de las profesoras e agente educacional sobre sus experiencias con el alumno con discapacidad. La producción de los datos fue analizada a partir del paradigma indiciario. La colaboración/asociación fue posible a través de la constitución de un grupo en el cual los sujetos se apoyan mutuamente, experimentan acciones conjuntas y tuvieron sentimientos de pertenencia productiva, en torno al objetivo común de garantizar el aprendizaje del alumno con discapacidad. La participación de la familia fundamental para el logro de los objetivos propuestos con el alumno con discapacidad.Palavras-chave: Educação inclusiva, Aluno PAEE, Práticas colaborativas.Keywords: Inclusive education, Student with disabilities, Collaborative practices.Palavras clave: Educación inclusiva, Alumno com discapacidade, Prácticas inclusivas.ReferencesBETEGHELLI, Tagiane Giorgetti dos Santos. A professora coordenadora na educação infantil: na composição da organização do trabalho pedagógico e da formação dos educadores. 2018, 203p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação). Universidade Estadual Paulista. Instituto de Biociências. Rio Claro/SP: Unesp, 2018.BRASIL. 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During physical distancing, children do not meet their peers to play or talk together. Peer relationships have a crucial influence on all child development, especially for social skills or behaviour during early childhood. This study aims to determine changes in children's social behaviour during physical distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research method is a descriptive quantitative study designed with the percentage value was used as a score for measuring the results of parental observations of children concerning the child's social behaviour instrument. Quota sampling (150 parents) was used to reach participants from various cities in Indonesia to see cultural differences. Data on children's social behaviour was obtained using the Preschool and Kindergarten Behaviour Scale (PKBS) tests. The data were then analysed using descriptive statistics. The results show that there are changes in children's social behaviour during physical distancing. Children who are less independent (58.9%) are the biggest decline in social behaviour reported by parents, while the one who changes the least is cleaning up the mess that has been made (38.7%). The implication of the results of this study is that parents should continue to pay attention to their children's social behaviour by providing opportunities for children to interact with peers in the house while still paying attention to health protocols. Keywords: Early Childhood, Social Behaviour, Physical Distancing References: Aksoy, P., & Baran, G. (2010). Review of studies aimed at bringing social skills for children in preschool period. Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 9, 663–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.214 Al-Tammemi, A. B. (2020). The Battle Against COVID-19 in Jordan: An Early Overview of the Jordanian Experience. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(May), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00188 Arkorful, V., & Abaidoo, N. (2015). 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As a historian of early childhood education in German-speaking Europe, I am struck by the outstanding role that Friedrich Froebel, or rather his ideas, played in all the countries described in the six essays. This is not really new since even the first historiographic articles in German-speaking countries already pointed out Froebel's role internationally. The worldwide spread of Froebel's educational teachings remains the subject of German research to this day. And yet it is still so remarkable to see how Froebel's philosophy of education—which had its origins in the spirit of romanticism and which seems strange even to German audiences—has succeeded in establishing itself in different cultures and for different reasons. Just think of Italy in the second half of the nineteenth century (James C. Albisetti), of post-revolutionary Russia ruled by the Bolsheviks (Yordanka Valkanova), of Great Britain, France, and the United States. Even in Asian countries we can find evidence of Froebel's influence, for example, in Korea and in Japan (on Japan, Kathleen Uno). In spite of the differences between these countries and their cultures, Froebel's pedagogy has succeeded in playing an influential role in all of them. Extant institutions for the care and education of preschool children developed into modern kindergartens under the influence of Froebel's teachings. In the end it was always about making it possible for young children to learn and, at the same time, taking into account the very special way learning occurs in these early years as an active, action-based and almost effortless kind of learning. Froebel found an answer to this problem. With his gifts he gave the answer in a simple and yet brilliant manner which was, despite its origins in German idealism, apparently unrelated to culture.

From existing research, it is known that early childhood teacher education pro-vides few opportunities to learn mathematical content or mathematics pedagogical con-tent knowledge. Furthermore, little is known about the extent to which teacher educators are qualified to teach early childhood mathematics within teacher education programs. This study investigates the frequency of opportunities to learn mathematical content knowledge and mathematics pedagogical content knowledge. Additionally, we investigate some characteristics of teacher educators, namely the sources they use for professional development with respect to early mathematics education. We report descriptive results as well as correlations. The results indicate that opportunities to learn mathematical con-tent knowledge and mathematics pedagogical content knowledge have increased over time. Moreover, the results indicate that teacher educator professional development for-mats that encourage professional exchange among teacher educators, experts in early mathematics education and in-service teachers may increase teacher educators’ compe-tence in early childhood mathematics and thereby the frequency with which this topic is addressed in teacher education.

From existing research, it is known that early childhood teacher education provides few opportunities to learn mathematical content or mathematics pedagogical content knowledge. Furthermore, little is known about the extent to which teacher educators are qualified to teach early childhood mathematics within teacher education programs. This study investigates the frequency of opportunities to learn mathematical content knowledge and mathematics pedagogical content knowledge. Additionally, we investigate some characteristics of teacher educators, namely the sources they use for professional development with respect to early mathematics education. We report descriptive results as well as correlations. The results indicate that opportunities to learn mathematical content knowledge and mathematics pedagogical content knowledge have increased over time. Moreover, the results indicate that teacher educator professional development formats that encourage professional exchange among teacher educators, experts in early mathematics education and in-service teachers may increase teacher educators’ competence in early childhood mathematics and thereby the frequency with which this topic is addressed in teacher education.

Early Childhood Education is an effort to stimulate and stimulate children from birth to the age of six which is carried out by providing educational stimuli to help the growth and development of children, both physically and spiritually so that children are ready to enter further education. Early childhood is a group that is in a process of growth and development that is unique, namely patterns of growth and development, intelligence, social-emotional, language, and communication that are specific to the child's level of growth and development. Media in an activity can be interpreted as anything that can be used to channel messages or lesson content, stimulate thoughts, feelings, attention, and the ability of children so that they can encourage the achievement of the process of activities stimulated by the teacher. The use of technological media can have a positive impact, in other words, the use of multimedia or animation as a learning tool and a teacher's tool in carrying out the activity process.

This paper discusses early childhood education programs: their goals; effectiveness; optimal timing, targeting, and content; and costs and benefits. Early intervention has significant short- and medium-term benefits: most notably it reduces grade repetition and special education costs, and provides quality child care. The effects are greatest for more disadvantaged children. Some model programs have produced exciting improvements in educational attainment and earnings and have reduced welfare dependency and crime. The jury is still out on the long-term effects of Head Start, but Head Start would pay for itself if it produced a quarter of the long-term gains of model programs.

This study examines the human rights and the notion of citizenship under the prism of pedagogical science. The methodology that was followed was the experimental method. In a sample of 100 children-experimental group and control group held an intervention program with deepening axes of human rights and the concept of citizenship. The analysis of the findings presented in four axes. The first relates to the analysis of the responses of the two groups using quantitative data. The second axis concerns the discourse analysis of children’s responses. The third axis relates to involve children and the fourth in the pop up program of children’s activities. In conclusion, according to the survey results, children may affect their participation shaping the curriculum at micro level but also affect their behavior in the macro. Children seem to understand a pedagogical context the concept of human rights and the concept of citizenship in their ability to influence the school and not only the daily life, respect the wishes of others, to understand the limits and restrictions in school and local community, their participation as a social obligation but also a right, to the understanding of human rights and children’s rights as a premise for the quality of their lives.