Journal articles: 'Early Christian Architecture'

1

Hemans, Caroline J., and Robert Milburn. "Early Christian Art and Architecture." American Journal of Archaeology 94, no. 3 (July 1990): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505832.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Finney, Paul Corby. "Early Christian Architecture: The Beginnings(A Review Article)." Harvard Theological Review 81, no. 3 (July 1988): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000010129.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the end of the Second World War, both in scholarship and in the practical affairs of churches, there has been a burgeoning interest in the material setting of early Christian worship. Scholarship on the subject is impressive, both in its scope and its quality. On the practical side, European Christians, both Protestants and Catholics, have been faced with the often daunting task of rebuilding their places of worship. At the same time, they have been at pains to recover the principles of early church planning and design. The themes that have emerged out of this search for the past have had a profound effect in shaping the attitudes of post-war European Christendom.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Jacoby, Thomas. "EARLY CHRISTIAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE. Robert Milburn." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 8, no. 2 (July 1989): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.8.2.27948059.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Milosevic, Predrag. "Documents on early Christian and Byzantine architecture." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 8, no. 3 (2010): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1003277m.

Full text

Abstract:

There are many models in the entire history of architecture which have travelled across the world, from one to another part of the big world. For various reasons, very frequently not at all scientific or professional, in our part of the world, be it Serbian or Yugoslav, or south Slav, some like to remain silent, when it comes to the transition of a Byzantine model, which by nature is rooted in the Orthodox Christian faith at the south east of Europe and the outmost west of Asia, to their areas, pervaded to a great extent by the Roman Catholic Christian belief, or Islam. There are numerous evidences of the transition of a model, one of many which found their new home on the west-European soil after the fall of Byzantium, mostly after the Crusades, when looters, but also scientists and artists in Italy, came by new wealth, and new knowledge, in the capital of the fallen Empire, observing its magnificent edifices, and taking its parts to their boats and shipping them to Venice and other cities in Italy and placing them on their buildings and squares, as they have done with the columns of the Augusteion of Constantinople, the square dedicated to Justinian's mother Augusta, which now decorate the square near the famous Venetian church of Saint Marco. Some other, also numerous accounts, explain how the Ottoman Turkish architecture in almost the same way, adopted its mosque construction model at the same place, in the same manner, retaining the actual structures but changing the religious insignia, or by copying this Byzantine model in building the new mosques.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Fatyushyna, N. Yu. "Basic features of early Christian art (painting, mosaic, architecture, music)." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 25 (December 27, 2002): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2003.25.1434.

Full text

Abstract:

The most ancient monuments of ancient Christian art were found in catacombs located outside the cities. The Christian catacombs were a complex plexus of underground narrow galleries with numerous niches where the coffins of martyrs and bishops were placed. These niches formed a kind of rectangular chambers, the walls and surfaces of which were decorated with images. Thus, early Christian art begins with catacomb paintings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Dobosi, Linda. "The architectural parallels of the mausoleum of Iovia (Pannonia) revisited – Experimenting with the hexagon in late antique architecture." Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 75, no. 1 (July 11, 2024): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/072.2024.00010.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe curious shape of the so-called early Christian mausoleum of Iovia, Pannonia has attracted much attention since its discovery in the 1980s. The main part of the building, a hexagon flanked by alternating semi-circular and rectangular rooms was complemented by a bi-apsidal vestibule and a rectangular peristyle courtyard. The hexagon was a relatively rarely used form in late antique architecture compared to the octagon, however, hexagons can still be detected in all parts of the Roman Empire in all kinds of architectural contexts: they appeared in late Roman villae, baths, funerary buildings, early Christian mausolea and baptisteries.The architectural parallels of the mausoleum of Iovia are traced among the thin-walled hexagons that were flanked by protruding semi-circular and rectangular rooms. The buildings closest in shape were the pagan mausoleum of Louin in France and the trefoil hall of the Villa of Aiano in Italy. Other related structures include the so-called Stibadium A of the Villa with Peristyle in Mediana in Serbia, the reception rooms of the Keynsham villa in England, the hexagonal hall of the Palace of Antiochus in Constantinople, the Domus delle Sette Sale in Rome, the baptistery of Limoges in France, and the cella quinquichora of Aquincum in Hungary. Although similar in general layout, they had different functions: early Christian mausoleum, baptistery, pagan mausoleum, and foremost dining halls or reception rooms. This warns us that it is essential to study early Christian buildings in the context of late antique architecture in its complexity and not only in the limited context of other early Christian buildings. Late antique architects seem to have been fascinated by the opportunities offered by the different polygonal or central-plan halls and buildings and used them for different purposes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kinney, Dale. "Review: Early Christian Art and Architecture by Robert Milburn." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 48, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990356.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Khrushkova, Lyudmila. "Early Christian architecture of the Caucasus: problems of typology." Antiquité Tardive 20 (January 2012): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.at.1.103111.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Jeremić, Miroslav. "The Architecture of the Early Christian Basilica at Bregovina." Hortus Artium Medievalium 9 (January 2003): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.ham.2.305267.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Volpe, Giuliano. "ARCHITECTURE AND CHURCH POWER IN LATE ANTIQUITY: CANOSA AND SAN GIUSTO (APULIA)." Late Antique Archaeology 3, no. 2 (2006): 131–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000063.

Full text

Abstract:

Two Early Christian complexes will be presented here: one urban (San Pietro in Canosa), and one rural (San Giusto in the territory of Lucera). Both cases represent clear evidence of the Christianising policy promoted by the Church in the cities and countryside, especially during the 5th and 6th centuries A.D., which led to a new definition of urban and rural landscapes. The Early Christian complex of San Pietro in Canosa—the most important city in Apulia et Calabria in Late Antiquity—and the Early Christian complex of San Giusto, most likely the seat of a rural diocese, are notable expressions of ecclesiastical power in the city and the countryside during the transitional period between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

McCarthy, Christine. "Edmund Anscombe (1874-1948): early competition work." Architectural History Aotearoa 1 (December 5, 2004): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v1i0.7894.

Full text

Abstract:

Edmund Anscombe is reputed to have begun his architectural career in Dunedin with the success of the University of Otago School of Mines competition, after spending five years in America (1902-1906) studying architecture. His early career is characterised by consistent success in architectural competitions over a short period of time. He won competitions for the University of Otago School of Mines (1908), the Young Men's Christian Association Building (1909), the Hanover Street Baptist Church (1910), and the Dunedin Girls' High School (1909) - where he won first and second place. This competition work chronologically culminates in an unsuccessful entry in the 1911 competition for a new New Zealand Parliament, which was won by John Campbell and Claude Paton.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Merzhievskaya, Natalia, and Evgen Dunaevskiy. "ARCHITECTURAL-SPATIA PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF MODERN CULT BUILDINGS OF CHRISTIAN CONFESSIONS IN UKRAINE." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 59 (March 1, 2021): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.28-51.

Full text

Abstract:

The article «Architectural-spatial principles of formation of the structure of modern cult buildings of Christian confessions in Ukraine» acquaints the readers with the percentage of different denominations in Ukraine. The paper reports on the coexistence of different religious denominations in Ukraine, a table with sacred architecture in different areas is given, as it is an important component of national minorities living in our country. The architectural and spatial organization of sacred buildings on the territory of Ukraine is analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the formation of evaluation criteria, sacred buildings of Christian denominations in Ukraine. The main research methods in the article are general scientific methods, which include: review of the literature, study of analogues; theoretical methods: analysis and synthesis, analogy and comparison; empirical methods: description, observation, perception, images. The objects are a selection of the twenty most successful buildings during the period of independence of Ukraine of each denominational unit of Christianity in the country. Discovery the relevance of the study and the basic principles of formation and development of the category of assessment of buildings of Christian denominations. Discovery the basic principles of formation of architectural and spatial structure and development of the category of assessment of buildings of Christian denominations. The analysis of modern Ukrainian church building and the search for ways of its further development in the theory of architecture is carried out mainly from internally Christian positions without taking into account the current theories of development of post-Soviet Orthodoxy. This leads to a biased and religiously involved consideration of a number of aspects of Christian architecture, in particular the Orthodox denomination of Ukraine in the late XX - early XXI century, patterns and principles of development of which cannot be determined, being within the model of post-Soviet Orthodoxy. The paper is supplied with diagrams, tables, figures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Brandt, Olof. "The Symbolism of Water in Early Christian Baptisteries." Current Swedish Archaeology 11, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2003.01.

Full text

Abstract:

The symbolism of water in the Early Christian baptisteries was not expressed in the architecture of the building but rather in its decoration. This article illustrates the references to water in the sculptures and inscriptions of the fourth and fifth-century phases of the Lateran baptistery in Rome. This decoration shows that the water was a symbol ofboth li fe and death: the death of the sinner and the life of God, to which baptism gave access.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Cosnean Nistor, Letiția. "Architectural fragments from Callatis. New discoveries of Doric architecture." CaieteARA. Arhitectură. Restaurare. Arheologie, no. 9 (2018): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47950/caieteara.2018.9.02.

Full text

Abstract:

Eight Doric architectural fragments have been discovered recently in a rescue excavation campaign in Mangalia, re-used in the structure of an Early Christian cist grave. Their stylistic and morphological characteristics suggest a provenance from the same monument or built environment as the other two known fragments of architrave-friezes, incorporated in the permanent exhibition of the Archaeological Museum of Callatis. The inventory of fastening cuttings and tool traces indicated several hypothesis regarding their assemblage and preliminary observations on the architectural characteristics of the provenance monument. The discovery of this homogenous group of architectural blocks thus confirms and strengthens the perspective of an important Hellenistic Doric monument or architectural ensemble in Callatis, supporting the older hypothesis regarding a dominant presence of the Doric in the left Pontus cities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Karelin, Dmitry. "The Adoption of Late Roman Architectural Principles that Reflect Political Concepts by Early Christian Architecture." Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art 6 (2016): 84–865. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa166-1-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ellis, James. "Anglican Indigenization and Contextualization in Colonial Hong Kong: Comparative Case Studies of St. John’s Cathedral and St. Mary’s Church." Mission Studies 36, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341650.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The British Empire expanded into East Asia during the early years of the Protestant Mission Movement in China, one of history’s greatest cross-cultural encounters. Anglicans, however, did not accommodate local Chinese culture when they built St. John’s Cathedral in the British Crown Colony of Hong Kong. St. John’s had a prototypical English style and was a gathering place for the colony’s political and social elites, strengthening the new social order. The Cathedral spoke a Western architectural language that local residents could not understand and many saw Christianity as a strange, imposing, foreign religion. As indigenous Chinese Christians assumed leadership of Hong Kong’s Anglican Church, ecclesial architecture took on more Chinese elements, a transition epitomized by St. Mary’s Church, a Chinese Renaissance masterpiece featuring symbols from Taoism, Buddhism, and Chinese folk religions. This essay analyzes the contextualization of Hong Kong’s Anglican architecture, which made Christian concepts more relevant to the indigenous community.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Voronova, Ariadna. "Early Christian architecture of the interior of Dalmatia: problems of typology." St.Tikhons' University Review. Series V. Christian Art 32 (December 31, 2018): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturv201832.9-33.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Wang, Hechi, Zhaoyi Yan, Xinyi He, Yingqiu Song, Yanyan Huang, Junxue Zhang, Qi Zhou, Zerong Yan, and Xinran Jiang. "Research on Architectural Art and Sustainable Design of Ginling College Historic District (Nanjing, China)." Buildings 13, no. 7 (July 6, 2023): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071725.

Full text

Abstract:

Ginling College is the first women’s college founded by the American Christian Church in Nanjing, China, in the early 20th century. The architectural style of the school reflects the orientation of the “Chinese localization” of the Christian Church at that time. It is a representative work of the revival of traditional Chinese architecture. It is known as a “Renaissance of Chinese traditional architecture” and profoundly influenced later generations. Due to its important historical status and artistic value, the Ginling College complex has been designated by the Chinese government as a national key cultural relic protection unit and China’s 20th-century architectural heritage, and the protection scope of the Ginling College historical district has been specially designated for overall protection. Currently, little research has been conducted on this historic area, so the authors undertook this project. This paper adopts a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods for research, starting from the two aspects of architectural art and sustainable design, and analyzes in detail the artistic characteristics of the project, the structural materials obtained locally, and the sustainable design method that utilizes natural lighting and ventilation to explore a modern campus design method based on the concept of sustainable design with a “combination of Chinese and Western architectural art”. Through artistic creation and technological innovation, traditional Chinese revival architecture has realized a harmonious coexistence between man and nature, embodying the design concept of sustainable development, and promoting the development of architecture and the region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Tsvetkova, Polina. "The оrigin of the palladian tradition in the early church architecture of North America of the 17–18th centuries." St. Tikhons' University Review. Series V. Christian Art 49 (March 31, 2023): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturv202349.42-49.

Full text

Abstract:

The article discusses the stage of formation and development of classical architectural traditions in the United States of America in the 17th-18th centuries on the example of the church architecture of Swedish settlers. The main direction in which both foreign architects and later national American masters worked was classicism, often manifested in the forms of Palladianism. The article describes the degree of influence of A. Palladio's architectural treatise on colonial building practice. Church buildings were built in the settlements the very first and best preserved, for this reason, it is precisely by examining examples of such that we can conclude that the early stage in the development of the classical architectural tradition in the United States. On the basis of local specific building and cultural features, under the influence of the religious institutions of church architecture in Sweden and Northern Europe, this direction received a new reading. The article provides a brief overview of the three oldest churches of the Swedish Christian community, on the example of which the author seeks to trace the history of the origin and development of the national interpretation of the Palladian system. The question is raised about the purity of the application of order architectural solutions in the early cult architecture of North America and the degree of fundamentality of the interpretation of the ideas of classicism and Palladianism. The specific national features of architectural solutions, which manifested themselves in the early church architecture of the colony, are revealed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Yan, Ai Bin, and Hui Zhong Bin. "Study on Christian Stone Architecture of Song and Yuan Dynasties in Quanzhou." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2318.

Full text

Abstract:

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, with the increasing flourished overseas transportation, large numbers of foreign merchants swarmed into Quanzhou, bringing rich exotic cultures and religions, including Nestorian Christianity and Franciscan Christianity. Christian stone architecture began to emerge in Quanzhou. A general understanding of the spread of Christianity at that time can be obtained through the analyses of the existing Christian stone tombs, gravestones and debris of stone buildings in Quanzhou. Since Christianity was not truly supported by the locals in Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the waves of foreign merchants left Quanzhou due to the tumultuous wartimes in the late Yuan Dynasty and the xenophobic atmosphere in the early Ming Dynasty resulted in the rapid decline of Christianity and Christian stone architecture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Popović, Svetlana. "Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture: An Annotated Bibliography and Historiography.W. Eugene Kleinbauer." Speculum 69, no. 4 (October 1994): 1195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2865657.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Seiler, Peter. "»Die mittelalterliche Architektur ist nun einmal durchaus international«: Anmerkungen zu Ingo Herklotz, Richard Krautheimer in Deutschland: Aus den Anfängen einer wissenschaftlichen Karriere 1925–1933." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 85, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 223–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkg-2022-2005.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In Richard Krautheimer in Deutschland, Ingo Herklotz explores the beginnings of Krautheimer’s academic career. Based on a wealth of previously unpublished sources, he argues that Krautheimer’s groundbreaking essays “The Carolingian Revival of Early Christian Architecture” and “Introduction to an ‘Iconography of Medieval Architecture’” reach back to his early days in Weimar Germany. Herklotz also contends that the young scholar’s early writings show a one-sided orientation toward methodological concepts of an autonomous history of style and a striving for a “German national identity”. However, neither contention seems plausible. As can be demonstrated, Krautheimer had already taken a vigorously European view on medieval architecture in his dissertation on the architecture of the mendicant orders in Germany and in his book on synagogues, and indeed realised the potential of cultural-historical context analyses early on.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Kennedy, Hugh. "The Early Development of Church Architecture in Syria and Jordan c. 300-c. 750." Studies in Church History 36 (2000): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400014303.

Full text

Abstract:

The early church architecture of Syria remains comparatively little known in western academic circles, yet there is no area of the early Christian world where the remains of so many churches of different types have been preserved. The main purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to this architecture; it also offers bibliography for those who may feel moved to find out more. Within Syria itself, there were marked regional variations which allow the area to be divided into three districts on the basis of geography, architectural style and building materials. The first of these to be treated here is northern Syria, essentially the late Roman provinces of Syria I and Syria II with their capitals at Apamea and Antioch. The paper then turns to southern Syria, that is most of the province of Arabia with its capital at Bostra, before moving to the final area, comprising Jordan, the southern part of Provincia Arabia and the eastern, transjordanian half of Palestine III.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Khaidukov, Vladyslav. "SEMIOTIC APPROACH IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF CENTRAL CROSS-SHAPED ORTHODOX CHURCHES." Architectural Bulletin of KNUCA, no. 26-27 (September 24, 2023): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2519-8661.2023.26-27.136-149.

Full text

Abstract:

The scientific research highlights the problem of shaping in the cruciform Orthodox churches architecture and the placement of this type of sacred structures in accordance with urban planning and natural conditions. It is revealed the three-dimensional solution of the temple, in which the supporting structures form an architectural space based on the three-dimensional cross symbol. The cross-dome system, which became widespread in the cruciform Orthodox churches architectural structures, was developed in the early Byzantine era. Probably, its origin is based on the late antiquity architecture in the form of reconstruction of ancient Roman temples and Syrian religious buildings. Later it spread to the Caucasus, Palestine and North Africa, the Balkans and, further, to the ancient Rus' territory. The use of relatively new structures will be relevant for the Orthodox churches design in difficult geological conditions or the disclosure, if necessary, of a more complex architectural image. One of the sacred architecture features is the architectural image formation through the sacred symbols use. It is proposed to use the cross symbol in accordance with the name of Orthodox churches. For this purpose, it is identified cross symbol typological groups, divided into two main epochs: pre-Christian and Christian. It is defined the typological groups used in Orthodox architecture, which are divided into five periods. Some of the cross symbol typological groups are presented below in the conceptual model of a centric cruciform Orthodox church. It is identified five main signs of the cross symbol use in an Orthodox church: in the architectural space, exterior, interior, plan, and facade shaping. It is provided a conceptual model of a centric cruciform Orthodox church, in which all five main features of the cross symbol use in an Orthodox church are implemented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Бузыкина, Юлия Николаевна. "Review of: Sacred Architecture of Byzantium. Art, Liturgy and Symbolism in Early Christian Churches. London; New York: I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2014. 446 p. ISBN 978-1-78076-291-3." Theological Herald, no. 2(37) (June 15, 2020): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2500-1450-2020-37-2-351-356.

Full text

Abstract:

Книга Николаса Н. Патрикиоса («Сакральная архитектура Византии: искусство, литургия и символизм в раннехристианских церквях») представляет собой обобщающую работу о византийской архитектуре от эпохи Константина до падения Константинополя. Важность её заключается не только в том, что автор проработал огромный массив материала — 370 памятников, разделив их на семь типов (с. 48) и проследив эволюцию каждого из них и в целом и в деталях, но и в том, что автор учитывает взаимосвязь между архитектурной типологией и наполнением здания, демонстрируя, как особенности литургии в разные исторические периоды соотносятся с архитектурной эволюцией, а также с образным наполнением церковного пространства. Эта отличительная черта работы сообщает ей необходимую полноту. Для Патрикиоса архитектура, литургия и священное изобразительное искусство представляет собой единое целое. Чтобы учесть все компоненты целого, автор делит повествование на следующие главы: церковь и государство; сакральная архитектура; великолепные церкви; духовное искусство; литургия и Евхаристия; символизм в архитектуре и искусстве. The book by Nicholas N. Patrikios ("Sacred Architecture of Byzantium: Art, Liturgy and Symbolism in Early Christian Churches") is a generalizing work on Byzantine architecture from the era of Constantine to the fall of Constantinople. Its importance lies not only in the fact that the author has worked through a huge array of material - 370 monuments, dividing them into seven types (p. 48) and tracing the evolution of each of them in general and in detail, but also in the fact that the author takes into account the relationship between the architectural typology and the content of the building, demonstrating how the features of the liturgy in different historical periods correlate with the architectural evolution, as well as with the figurative content of the church space. This distinctive the feature of the work gives it the necessary completeness. For Patrikios architecture, liturgy and sacred art of constitutes a single whole. To take into account all the components of the whole, the author divides the narrative into the following chapters: church and state; sacred architecture; magnificent churches; spiritual art; liturgy and Eucharist; symbolism in architecture and art.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Bazaraitė, Eglė, and Teresa Heitor. "Comparative Study of Christian and Pagan Burial Constructions." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 5, no. 3 (June 20, 2013): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2013.51.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper draws a chronological timeline comparing burial customs and construction traditions in the cradle of Christian religion, and pagan traditions on the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, precisely Lithuania, since the early ages of Christianity (1c. A.D.) until nowadays. This paper searches for reasons that could have effected cultural transformations, a shifting relation between inhumation and incineration in European culture. In the Ancient Roman culture, people used to cremate their dead before Christianity set in. Baltic pagans at the time were burying their dead in stone circles, and started incineration only during the Middle Ages. Then Christianity was a powerful institution indoctrinating European daily culture. Meanwhile, in the territory of Lithuania pagan culture was erased only in the 15th century, i.e. about 600 years ago, leaving evident vestiges on traditions and customs of nowadays. These revelations of pagan culture are usually mistaken as Christian or Catholic. The paper focuses on architectural and urban aspects of burial architecture, taking into account social and historical conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Marković, Ivica. "The meaning, origin and use of masonry pendentives at the early Christian architecture." Arhitektura i urbanizam, no. 50 (2020): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-25841.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Akande, Adeyemi. "The iconography of Saint Denis in early French Gothic architecture." Journal of Art and Architecture Studies 11 (June 15, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jaas.2022.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Of the many sculptures on the facades of cathedrals and churches all over France, the curious Head-carriers, also known as Cephalophores, are arguably some of the most thought-provoking sculptural pieces one will come across. This study is concerned mainly with the iconography of St Denis, the first Bishop of France, as articulated on the portals of the Basilica of St-Denis. The events that followed immediately after Denis’ martyrdom by decapitation is mostly regarded as mere fable. Consequently, the symbolic meaning of the unusual movement has evaded scholarship. This work will discuss the symbolism of the Head-carriers and the meaning it gives to the architectural space of the Basilica of St Denis. This study argues that the emblematic ideology behind the sublime interaction between the living and the dead in the Basilica of St Denis, epitomised by the statue of the martyr, is a visual representation of a central message in Christianity which presents death, not as the end, but as a transitory and glorious beginning of oneness with Christ. Through critical visual analysis and metaphysical discussions, the study places Gothic art and architecture in the centre of the enunciation of 16th century Christian doctrine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Valk, Heiki. "On the Origins of Churches and Churchyards of Southern Estonia: The Evidence of Early Grave Finds." Baltic Journal of Art History 13 (October 9, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2017.13.06.

Full text

Abstract:

Data about the earliest history of medieval churches of southernEstonia are fragmentary, being limited to the first mentions ofthe parish, priest or congregation, or to mostly scanty historicalinformation about the architecture. Some information can also beprovided by archaeological grave finds, which often date back furtherthan the first data about the churches.The article presents a brief survey of the finds from the churchyardsof southern Estonia, the area of medieval diocese of Tartu, frombefore ca. 1450 AD. The finds, mostly jewellery and fragments ofcremated bones, show that churches were often built on top of oldcemeteries from the Final Iron Age, whereby the pre-Christianjewellery items, mostly brooches, rings and bracelets, date mainlyfrom the 11th to the early 13th centuries. If the cases in which thearchaeological information is limited or non-existent are excluded,60% of the rural churches of southern Estonia (9 out of 15) were builton pre-Christian cemeteries. The percentage may even be higher,since archaeological data for more than half of the churchyards iseither missing or insufficient for drawing any conclusions. In thecases where major temporal gaps exist between the Final Iron Agefinds and the first written or architectural data about the church,the cemetery probably functioned continuously as a village cemeteryin the Christian period.The pre-Christian origins of the cemeteries in the churchyards indicatethat the local communities were actively involved in choosing thelocations for the churches at the time of Christianization. Place continuityalso shows that, despite the violent nature of Christianization,the natives of southern Estonia did not oppose having Christiansanctuaries built on pre-Christian cemeteries, and evidently, thecontinuous use of the former burial site was considered important.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Mendiratta, Sidh Losa. "An Early Modern Sacro Monte in Mumbai." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 82, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2023.82.2.150.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Mumbai’s diverse cultural heritage includes several Christian churches associated with the city’s East Indian community and with the legacy of Portuguese colonial rule between 1534 and 1739. This study addresses one such site in the village of Mandapeshwar, which developed from an eighth-century CE Hindu rock-cut cave temple and was transformed during the period of Portuguese rule into a center of Franciscan missionary activity, including through the creation of a Sacro Monte, or series of pilgrimage stations. By reconstructing the activities of the early Franciscan missionaries on Shashti Island north of Mumbai, this investigation reveals that the Sacro Monte functioned as a Marian devotional shrine, with a crowning chapel dedicated to the Holy Spirit. The Sacro Monte, with its grottoes, represents a unique synthesis of rock-cut Hindu cave temples and Christian hermitic traditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Hussein, Ikram Sherwan, and Zryan Salar Hama Arif. "Minaret, Importance in Islamic civilization." Halabja University Journal 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10454.

Full text

Abstract:

Islamic minaret is considered one of the most important and prominent architectural structures in mosques, and it did not exist at the beginning of Islamic civilization during the era of the Prophet (peace be upon him) because of the preoccupation with spreading the Islamic call/Da’wa and the simplicity of Islamic architecture in the early first century H., after the extensive Islamic conquests in the reign of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab. When the Muslims met the Christian and Zoroastrian and other societies, they were getting acquainted with the great civilizations of this period, including the Christian Romans, the Zoroastrian Persians, the Buddhists, and the Hindus in India and the Far East. Each of these civilizations had an impact on Muslims, especially in the field of architecture. When the Muslims saw the churches of the Levant with high towers, where bells were hung, they used it as a means to call and gather their followers to pray and perform their worship or announce the death of a member of their community. Also, the Muslims built minarets inside or beside the mosques to call the Muslims and remind them of the time of prayers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Velasco, Sherry. "Surveilling Gender through Architecture and Urbanism in Early Modern Spanish-Algerian Spaces." Letras Femeninas 42, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/letrfeme.42.2.0063.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Influenced by feminist perspectives on urban and architectural studies, this essay examines the relationship between premodern Muslim urbanism and gendered relations, an issue that has received little attention in Hispanic cultural studies to date. This discussion will center on two particular features of domestic architecture and city planning typical of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Algiers: the location and nature of street-facing windows and the communicable rooftops. Focusing primarily on Christian writers such as Antonio de Sosa, Miguel de Cervantes, and Lope de Vega, Velasco explores how their accounts document the ways in which women in Algiers could find unexpected and illicit ways of turning the high windows and the communicable rooftops to their advantage. Despite the constraints presented by an urban design and domestic architecture intended to segregate the sexes and control behavior, women in early modern Algiers (many of whom were recent immigrants from Spain) found ways to utilize their built environment to observe and navigate the world around them, gain access to a public domain commonly reserved for men, and sustain networks with other women in ways that might bypass traditional spatial, social, and personal restrictions and limitations. Through female-only gatherings and other forms of camaraderie that made use of traditional Islamic urbanism, Muslim women in Algiers found ways to challenge long-standing dichotomies of male/female, public/private, interior/exterior, visible/hidden, and chaste/lustful.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Chiotti, Roberto. "The Architecture of Eco-Theology: Towards a New Typology for Christian Sacred Space." Religions 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13010029.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper will begin by exploring the underlying scriptural and theological foundations for a Christian response to the ecological crisis with particular focus on the writings of cultural historian, Father Thomas Berry, CP. It will then describe the first worship space in Canada that attempts to embody the emergent “Eco-theology” to invoke both the transcendental and imminent presence of the divine by reconsidering every design decision from first principles. As articulated in its architecture, the traditional elements of Roman Catholic sacred space have been re-imagined and given unique expression to emphasize that when we gather for Christian worship, we do so within the greater context of creation. St. Gabriel’s Passionist Parish church therefore represents a distinctly new typology for Christian Worship that contributes towards an understanding of early scriptural teachings which emphasized the sacredness of all creation and not just the sacredness of humankind. The new building as sacred space presents a “Gestalt whole”, and like the medieval cathedrals of Europe, becomes itself a form of Catechetical pedagogy, engaging the senses, demanding reflection, and inviting transformation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Elliott, J. K. "The Eerdmans Encyclopaedia of Early Christian Art and Architecture, written by Paul Corby Finney." Novum Testamentum 59, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341564.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Daza-Pardo, Enrique, and Raúl Catalán-Ramos. "The Architectural Christian Spolia in Early Medieval Iberia: Reflections between Material Reuse and Cultural Appropriation." Religions 15, no. 6 (May 28, 2024): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15060663.

Full text

Abstract:

The reuse of construction materials has been a consistent practice throughout the history of architecture, especially prevalent during periods of transition when it was preferred for its ability to simplify installation and reduce construction costs. This practice was particularly common in late Roman urban contexts, where construction materials, especially ashlar and sculptural elements, were abundant following the abandonment of temples and public buildings. However, there are occasions when the use of spolia, or reused materials, goes beyond simple material recycling. The reuse and display of certain pieces carry complex implications involving symbology, cultural appropriation, or collective memory exercises that convey messages through new buildings. In this paper, we focus on the unique case of Hispanic Christian architectural sculptures that were “recycled” in new buildings during the first centuries of Islamic domination of the Iberian Peninsula, specifically within places of worship. Through a general analysis and review of some examples, we aim to reflect on the motivations and intentionality behind the use of certain sculptural pieces and their placement in new buildings, which is not arbitrary.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Pülz, Andreas. "Some Remarks on the So-Called Synagogue in Limyra." Journal of Ancient Judaism 5, no. 2 (May 14, 2014): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/21967954-00502005.

Full text

Abstract:

This article represents a second response to the preliminary excavation report by Seyer and Lotz. It offers a short overview of the history and architecture of Limyra in late antique and Byzantine times with a special focus on early Christian monuments. Pülz regards the time from the 5th through the 6th cent. as a more likely date for the phase in which Seyer and Lotz situate the use of the Limyra building as a synagogue and asks whether the water basin could not point to a Christian church instead of a synagogue.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Robison, Elwin C. "The Basilica Ulpia, Early Christian Churches and the Roman Double Truss." Architectural History 64 (2021): 187–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2021.9.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe most prominent and long-lasting of the timber truss-roofed buildings from imperial Roman times was the Basilica Ulpia, the interior of which has been reconstructed by recent writers but with little agreement regarding the upper sections. The reconstruction that best passes the test of engineering viability is shown here to be the one published by James E. Packer in 1997, but Packer’s reconstruction is unconvincing with regard to the roof. The argument advanced now is that the roof was constructed with double trusses of the kind once found in the early Christian basilicas of Old St Peter’s and San Paolo fuori le Mura, and then recorded in the eighteenth century by Jean-Baptiste Rondelet, which were very similar in size to those used for the Basilica Ulpia. The spacing of roof trusses was determined by the nave column spacing. Engineering analysis determines that the trusses had sufficient capacity to support the roof and that the double-truss arrangement was critical to avoid overloading the stone architraves. The article speculates that doubling the Roman truss may have been a previous innovation. It argues that the later early Christian basilicas relied on the Roman double truss because of its proven performance, and that this continuity was recognised by Auguste Choisy and others who considered their use to be a reflection of earlier Roman practice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Russo, Francesco. "The Printed Illustration of Medieval Architecture in Pre-Enlightenment Europe." Architectural History 54 (2011): 119–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00004020.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this article is to bring to the attention of readers a series of significant examples of texts printed prior to 1700 and illustrated with images of medieval architecture in continental Europe. British illustrations of buildings and ruins from the Middle Ages have received relevant attention from modern scholarly writers, but studies of analogous continental examples are lacking. Illustrations of medieval architecture have been little considered in most studies of the Early Modern period, as compared with those of their sixteenth-to eighteenth-century counterparts. In addition, the few studies that do exist of the interest in medieval buildings and illustration of them, prior to the ‘age of mechanical reproduction’, have generally been restricted to monographs on individual antiquarians or else have focused on Enlightenment, Romantic and Positivist criticism, and have tended to concentrate on medieval revivalism. Furthermore, with the exception of a few studies on the perception of the Romanesque, the most frequently investigated category has been the Gothic. Hence, despite the existence of some crucial works, the perspectives adopted in research into Early Modern attitudes to medieval architecture have inevitably been limited. We still lack any comprehensive overview of the architecture of the Middle Ages as a whole (that is, including the Late Antique / Early Christian era), or any studies showing genuine interest in the late Renaissance and Baroque roots of subsequent antiquarian medievalism. This article, therefore, attempts to begin to fill such a lacuna by studying the architectural aspect of those pre-Enlightenment illustrations of medieval antiquities that appeared in continental Europe, and by considering scholars’ awareness of the entire medieval millennium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Ousterhout, Robert. "Review: Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, an Annotated Bibliography and Historiography by W. Eugene Kleinbauer." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 53, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990825.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Josipović, Ivan, and Ivana Tomas. "The Abbey of St. Chrysogonus in Zadar – between Early Christian sculpture and the Romanesque architecture." Hortus Artium Medievalium 23, no. 1 (January 2017): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.ham.5.113721.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Karydis, Nikolaos D. "A monument of early Byzantine Sardis: architectural analysis and graphic reconstruction of Building D." Anatolian Studies 62 (November 13, 2012): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154612000063.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSardis constituted a major urban centre during the early Byzantine period, an era marked by the gradual transformation of the city into a Christian metropolis. From the fourth to the sixth century AD, Sardis maintained an important commercial, industrial and administrative role that sustained high-quality monumental construction. Yet, the major architectural types that emerged during this crucial period in the centre of the early Christian city are largely unknown to us. The unexcavated remains of the monument known as ‘Building D’ offer the best opportunity to shed light on this enigmatic aspect of the history of the city. Indeed, these remains display a late fourth century reused inscription as well as construction details typical of the early Byzantine period. They also lie in what must have been a central area of the city during this time. At first sight, this building seems hopelessly dilapidated and largely inaccessible. Still, the current paper demonstrates that a closer examination of the fabric of Building D reveals invaluable clues for its original form and function. This new exploration of the building includes the graphic recording, careful analysis and interpretation of the remains, thus providing the evidence required for the first substantiated reconstruction of a major part of the monument. The exploration reveals the articulation and structure of the primary load-bearing elements, as well as the form of the enormous vaulted canopy that covered one of the most imposing and towering spaces of early Byzantine Sardis. The article uses this reconstruction as a basis for the identification of those architectural features that help to interpret the function of the building, its role in the development of late antique Sardis as well as its position in the evolution of early Byzantine architecture in western Asia Minor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Georgieva, Miroslava. "Church Architecture in Southwestern Bulgaria in the Late 9th – Early 11th Century (Based on Archaeological Data)." Studia Ceranea 13 (December 30, 2023): 347–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.13.42.

Full text

Abstract:

This publication is devoted to the church architecture in Southwestern Bulgaria (now Blagoevgrad region) during the First Bulgarian Tsardom, in the period from the end of the 9th to the beginning of the 11th century. From the second half of the 9th century (specifically from 864) the territories of the region under consideration officially entered the borders of the medieval Bulgarian state, which coincided with the conversion to Christianity in Bulgaria (865). The studied region covers the valleys of the rivers of Struma (Middle Struma) and Mesta (Upper and Middle Mesta), which were part of the southwestern borders of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages. At present, three churches can be attributed to this period, all excavated through regular archaeological excavations. These are the Basilica of St. Nicholas in the town of Melnik, the single-nave church in the area of Shipotsko at the town of Bansko and the three-conchal church at the village of Kulata, Petrich municipality. In terms of their functional characteristics, these churches include an episcopal (or parish) church (“St. Nicholas” in Melnik), a cemetery church (the church in the area of Shipotsko near the town of Bansko) and a monastery church (the church at the village of Kulata). Characteristic for the first two is their construction on older cult sites – on an ancient sanctuary and an early Christian church (the church “St. Nicholas” in Melnik) and on an early Christian temple (the church in the area of Shipotsko, at the town of Bansko). The small number of excavated church buildings from the First Bulgarian Tsardom is also typical for the rest of the Bulgarian lands. Although the examples from the region are few, they show that almost all major architectural types are found here.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Drab, Monika. "The history of research and making an inventory of Early Christian, sacred architecture in Old Dongola (Sudan)." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900019.

Full text

Abstract:

For over fifty years of excavation work a lot of palaces, houses, crypts and a dozen churches and other sacred buildings have been unearthed. Based on excavation work in a Polish archaeological site in Old Dongola (Sudan), different ways of conducting an inventory in desert conditions are presented. Various methods of making an inventory and its advantages and disadvantages were considered as well as using them in such conditions, especially for the purpose of archaeological documentation of Christian sacred architecture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Robison, Elwin C. "’The Basilica Ulpia, Early Christian Churches and the Roman Double Truss’ — ERRATUM." Architectural History 65 (2022): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2022.28.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Niewöhner, Philipp. "Diversity in Late Antique Christianity: The Cultural Turn, Provincial Archaeology, and Church Building." Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity 27, no. 3 (November 27, 2023): 500–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zac-2023-0028.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper considers archaeological evidence for various aspects of early Christian church building and comes to the conclusion that diversity was an essential quality of late antique Christianity. The diversity in question is ill-attested in written sources, but becomes apparent when the material record and everyday life are taken into consideration (cultural/material/pictorial/iconic turn). Church buildings looked and functioned differently in various regions and provinces of the late Roman empire. The diversity does not appear to have been accidental, but was cultivated throughout late antiquity. It was sometimes related to, but did not depend on, differences in liturgical practice, nor was it a matter of knowledge, ability, and workshop tradition alone. Provincial diversity was maintained even when and where the metropolitan alternative was manifestly known and available and although secular art and architecture continued to uniformly emulate the capital cities. A combination of written and material evidence suggests that the diverse formal repertoire of early Christian art and architecture was chosen and decided individually, but tended to form local/provincial/regional clusters. The decision makers seem to have been guided by religious conventions as well as by personal or political allegiances, many of which appear to have been determined locally, each province or region onto itself.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Suárez, Rafael, Juan J. Sendra, and Alicia Alonso. "Acoustics, Liturgy and Architecture in the Early Christian Church. From the domus ecclesiae to the basilica." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 99, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918611.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

ASLANIDIS, Klimis. "Early Christian architecture as a source of inspiration for eleventh century churches on the aegean islands." Δελτίον της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας 39 (September 22, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/dchae.18482.

Full text

Abstract:

Σε ορισμένες εκκλησίες στα μικρά νησιά του Αιγαίου εμφανίζεται μια προσπάθεια αναβίωσης της παλαιοχριστιανικής αρχιτεκτονικής. Ο Άγιος Μάμας της Ποταμιάς στη Νάξο και η Επισκοπή της Σαντορίνης εμπνέονται από γνωστούς ναούς του 6ου αιώνα. Παρόμοια τάση εμφανίζουν και οι Άγιοι Απόστολοι στο Άργος Καλύμνου. Αυτή η προσπάθεια είναι χαρακτηριστική της ιδεολογίας της εποχής της, αλλά περιορίζεται σε λίγα παραδείγματα, χωρίς να κατορθώνει να μεταβάλλει την τοπική έκφραση της αρχιτεκτονικής.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Batič, Matic. "Italijanizacija sakralne arhitekture na Goriškem v času med svetovnima vojnama." Res novae: revija za celovito znanost 6, no. 2 (December 2021): 35–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.62983/rn2865.212.2.

Full text

Abstract:

After the end of the First World War, the Kingdom of Italy first occupied and then, following the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920, annexed the territory of the former Habsburg land of Gorizia-Gradisca (Goriško-Gradiška). In the following years, the Italian authorities implemented a series of Italianization measures aimed at changing the linguistic and ethnic character of this historically multi-ethnic area. Italianization measures were also reflected in the interventions in the local cultural landscape carried out during this time. The landscape was also supposed to express its “Italian” character, in accordance with the cultural and historical concepts of the nationalist intellectuals. This paper addresses a part of this process, namely the Italianization of sacral architecture. Interventions in the local sacral architecture express a distinct ideological charge, as Italian decision-makers deliberately sought to remove architectural influences from Central Europe and replace them with the Neo-Romanesque style. These changes were mostly confined to the process of post-war reconstruction, which required the repair of many local churches. In this way, the decision-makers primarily aimed to establish an architectural connection with the early Christian art and consequently with Roman antiquity, which represented the fundamental point of reference of the nationalist historical narrative.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Carile, Maria Cristina. "The Sacred Architecture of Byzantium: Art, Liturgy and Symbolism in Early Christian Churches by Nicholas N. Patricio." Catholic Historical Review 101, no. 3 (2015): 599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2015.0117.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Moss, Rachel. "Appropriating the Past: Romanesque Spolia in Seventeenth-Century Ireland." Architectural History 51 (2008): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00003026.

Full text

Abstract:

Although a relatively young subject, the historiography of Irish architecture has had a remarkably significant impact on the manner in which particular styles have been interpreted and valued. Since the genesis of the topic in the mid-eighteenth century, specific styles of architecture have been inextricably connected with the political history of the country, and each has been associated with the political and religious affiliations of its patrons. From the mid-nineteenth century, the focus on identifying an Irish ‘national’ architecture became particularly strong, with Early Christian and Romanesque architecture firmly believed to imbue ‘the spirit of native genius’, while Gothic, viewed as the introduction of the Anglo-Norman invader, was seen as marking the end of ‘Irish’ art. Inevitably, with such a strong motivation behind them, early texts were keen to find structures that were untouched by the hand of the colonizer as exemplars of the ‘national architecture’. Scholars, including the pioneering George Petrie (1790–1866) in works such as his 1845 study of the round towers of Ireland, believed that through historical research he and others were the first to understand the ‘true value’ of these buildings and that any former interest in them had been purely in their destruction, rather than in their restoration or reconstruction. It was believed that such examples of early medieval architecture and sculpture as had survived had done so despite, rather than because of, the efforts of former ages, and, although often in ruins, the remains could be interpreted purely in terms of the date of their original, medieval, creation.Informed by such studies, from the mid-nineteenth century a movement grew to preserve and consolidate a number of threatened Romanesque buildings with the guiding philosophy of preserving the monuments as close to their original ‘pre-colonial’ form as possible. Consolidation of the ruins of the Nuns’ Church at Clonmacnoise (Co. Offaly) is traditionally amongst the earliest and most celebrated of these endeavours, undertaken by the Kilkenny and Southeast Ireland Archaeological Society in the 1860s, setting a precedent for both the type of monument and method of preservation that was to become the focus of activity from the 1870s, and thus for the first State initiatives in architectural conservation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Early Christian Architecture'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles